被动语态

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1.掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态的构成和基本用法。

2.掌握带有can ,may ,must 等情态动词的被动语态的构成和基本用法。

一.被动语态的定义 语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。

如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。

口诀: 谁做动作不知道,说出谁做没有必要; 动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到。

二.被动语态的构成

被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成,在句中be 动词要有人称和数的变化。

三.主动语态和被动语态的转换

(一)主动语态变被动语态 1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾格变为主格。

2.把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)。

3.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by 之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。

例如: He mended the bike yesterday .→

主 谓 宾 、

The bike was mended by him yesterday .

主 宾

(二)含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to 情态动词变成被动语态后“to”要保留。

例如: We have to look after the dog .→ The dog has to be looked after by us .

(三)含有宾语补足语的被动语态

含有宾语补足语的句子,宾语变为主语后,宾语补足语改为主语补足语,原来的位置一般不变。例如:

We keep food cold in the fridge .→ Food is kept cold in the fridge .

注意:

主动句中的宾语补足语如果是不带to 的不定式,在变成被动句中的主语补足语时,to 不能省去。例如:

She heard him sing a song just now .→ He was heard to sing a song just now .

基础过关

1.—How beautiful your hometown is!

—Yes ,a number of trees ____ around Dazhou every year .Our environment is getting better and better .

A .are plant

B .are planted

C .are planting

D .were planted

【解析】答案为B 。本题考查的是一般现在时的被动语态。根据“every year(每年)”可判断用一般现在时,又因主语“a number of trees(大量的树)”是谓语动词“plant(种植)”的承受者,用被动语态,一般现在时的被动语态为:am /is /

are+done

2. —David,turn off the TV ____ no one is watching it.—But it ____ off already! The music is from the radio.A.so that;has been turned B.when;has turned C.if;has been turned D.because;has turned 【解析】答案为C。本题考查现在完成时的被动语态。第二句中的it指代的是前句所说的TV,故与turn off之间为被动关系,又因为already为现在完成时的标志,故排除B、D两项;又根据第一句话可知“如果没有人在看电视的话,就把电视关上吧。”

3. —Would you like to go to the movie with me —Sorry,I ____ to go out tonight.

A.won’t be allowed B.am allowed C.don’t allow D.will allow

【解析】答案为A。本题考查的是一般将来时的被动语态。be allowed to do sth.是“被允许做某事”的意思,根据句意“你愿意和我一起去看电影吗”“对不起,今晚我不被允许外出。”可知用被动语态的否定形式,根据tonight(今晚)判断用一般将来时,一般将来时被动语态的否定结构是:will not be+done,故选择A。

4.—Mom,can I go out to play basketball —Sure.But your homework ____ first.

A.must be finished B.must finish C.will finish D.finish

【解析】答案为A。本题考查的是含有情态动词的被动语态。主语“your homework(你的作业)”是谓语动词finish(完成)的承受者,其句意是“但是你的作业必须首先被完成。”用含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为:情态动词+be+done,故选择A。

5. It’s common knowledge that black tea ____ in China more than 600 years ago.

A.is invented B.was invented C.invents D.invented

【解析】答案为B。本题考查的是一般过去时的被动语态。根据“more than 600 years ago(600多年前)”判断用一般过去时,又因主语“black tea(红茶)”是谓语动词invent(发明)的承受者,故应用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构是:was/were+done

能力提高

’t put off today’s work for tomorrow.I mean.today’s work ____today.

A.may do B.must do C.may be done D.must be done

【解析】不要把今天的工作推到明天,我的意思是今日的工作今日毕。因此应该用must ,work和do 的关系是被动。因此选择D。 I mean,是常见的插入语。

2. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people to eat more fruit and vegetables. A.persuade B. will persuaded C. be persuaded D.are persuaded

[解析]尽管句中是指将来的事情,但条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时,在这时“如果人们被说服或被劝告……”含有被动之意,所以用一般现在时的被动语态。

3. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A.has been caused B. had been caused C.will be caused D. will have been caused

【解析】损失是暴风雨造成的,所以应该是被动。但如果被题干中的过去时迷惑而用过去完成时B选项就错了。暴风雨是昨晚发生的事情,但是由此造成的影响还在继续,所以应当用现在完成时的被动语态。

4. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work of the Beijing Olympics by 201

5.

A. has been completed

B. has completed

C. will have been completed

D. will have completed

【解析】题干中有明显的时间状语by 2015,是一个将来的时间。短语by+将来时间和将来完成时连用,同时construction 和complete 是被动关系,故用将来完成时的被动语态。

5. Mary go shopping with Tom in Qingdao last week

A.was seen to B.was seen C.has been see D.has seen to

【解析】 see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事。被动的时候to 要加回来。所以应该是 sb. be seen to do sth. last week 是一个很明显的过去时的时间状语。所以用be 动词的过去形式,was/were Mary 是第三人称所以用was.

1.被动语态介词固定搭配不能省略。

He has thought of a way of solving the problem.

A way of solving the problem has been thought of.

out/ happen/ take place/ arrive/ become/ die/ disappear etc 不及物动词没有被动语态

The accident which happened yesterday surprised me.

3.带双宾语的动词give /send/bring/ take/teach/show/ tell/ make/ sing/ write/ sell/buy/ ask/ pay/ borrow/ lend/

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