2015年暨南大学翻译与写作试题示例,考研真题,考研重点,真题解析,考研心态

2015年暨南大学翻译与写作试题示例,考研真题,考研重点,真题解析,考研心态
2015年暨南大学翻译与写作试题示例,考研真题,考研重点,真题解析,考研心态

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2015年暨南大学考研指导

育明教育,创始于2006年,由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办,并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟,是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。

试题示例

(一)翻译部分

問題1次の短文を中国語に訳しなさい。

消して費やしてしまう、使って無くしてしまう――どうも消費という言葉のイメージは前向きではないですね。消費者という言葉も、そう。生産者と対比して、消極的イメージがつきまとう。消費者という言葉は、経済用語のなかでもっとも不適切な一つだと私は思います。行為の中身からひどくズレています。

消費と呼ばれている行為は、その中身から言えば、生きていくのに必要なものを使うことですね。私たちは衣食住その他に、さまざまなものを使います。しかし、そのことを「消費」と呼ぶのは正しいか。正しくないと、言うべきです。なぜなら、人は食べ物を食べることによって、自分の身体を生産しているのです。なるほど、食べ物の形は消えてしまいます。しかし、それは私たちの生命としてよみがえっているのです。衣服を身につけることはどうか。それは体温を維持させることによって命をつくり出すだけでなく、他人にあたえる私たちの印象を生産しています。このように、消費と呼ばれている行為は、私たちの命と生活を、そして次の世代の人間を生産する行為です。それなのにそれを消費者と呼ぶのは、物の生産者の側から見た言い方にすぎません。

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(岸本重陳『経済のしくみ100話』による)

問題2次の短文を日本語に訳しなさい

在日本的大学里讲解日语特性的课程被看作是一门重要的课程。即使在外国留学生人数大大地增加了的今天,听课的学生仍以日本学生为主。虽然这些日本学生在日常生活中每天听日语、讲日语、读日语、写日语,但是要重新观察审视他们所喜闻乐见的母语,自然应该清楚地意识到自己迄今为止掌握了什么、还没有掌握什么。因为就思想活动而言,它会是一次重大的经历。

我在大学任教期间,每年都讲授日语课程。这期间所讲授的内容均收录在这本《现代日语概论》中。现在要由战庆胜把这本书翻译成汉语出版。战庆胜在他风华正茂时作为日本政府资助的留学生在京都大学留学,对我讲授的课程他用心领会,是一个有朝气的优秀的学生。虽然他是一名留学生,但是对以日本学生为讲解对象的、我所讲的课程他能够融会贯通,并选定了做一名以日语为研究对象的学者的道路。世事变化无常,现在,他已经成为一名站在日本大学的讲台上,向日本学生讲授他的母语——汉语的老师了。

要把《现代日语概论》翻译成汉语,我认为战庆胜作为译者是再合适不过的了。通过他的努力,如果中国的年轻一代能够理解日语的特征的话,同时如果这本书能够成为中国的年轻一代审视自己的母语——汉语的契机的话,我将感到非常高兴。

(渡边实《现代日语概论中文版序》)

(二)写作部分

次のテーマで800字ぐらいの日本語短文を書きなさい。

私、なぜ日本語を勉強するか

六、参考书目

由于全国高校没有统编《综合日语》教材,所以本科目不指定参考书目。

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这里所指的捷径并不是“速成班”、“点金法”,而

是合理步骤,让你能够达到“事半功倍”。相信现在还有很多同学仍然没有确定自己的目标专业院校,一直抱着等等看或者船到桥头自然直的态度,就这么在摸索中复习着。虽然,我们也是在学习,在进步,但是这种指向性不明确针对性不准确的复习,肯定会消耗掉我们的一些精力和时间。只有目标明确,才能有的放矢,事半功倍。

尽早确定目标专业院校

有很多同学认识不到目标对于行为指导的意义,以及对成功的重大影响力,也有同学自认为确定了目标,具体问了才知道原来所谓的目标就是考研,这个目标太宽泛了,指导不了我们的行为,起码不能很好的指导我们。那么,什么样的目标才是合适的呢?确定的目标专业院校,通俗点说,只有确定了这些,才知道光在哪里,才知道劲儿往哪里使。针对这一点,提醒考生要进行资源整合,并制定相应的学习计划。因为知道该往哪里努力之后,接下来就需要大家动嘴动脑,甚至“动手动脚”了。动嘴就是要多问问老师或者学长,问问目标专业院校的情况,包括报录比、导师、传统、专业材料等一系列信息,当然,这也可以通过网上信息查询。动脑就需要大家想想通向目标的路上,有多少阻碍,如何克服。“动手动脚”,就是需要同学们眼疾手快,良好的信息捕捉能力及掌握能力,有时候条件允许最好能够到报考学校亲身感受。

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“捷径”不是康庄大道

考研的捷径并不是畅通无阻的康庄大

道,而是布满荆棘的羊肠小路。考研复习很

苦很累,这毕竟是一个让你从懒散的大学生

活一下子过渡到紧张学习的过程,有一定的

难度。考研不仅是学习能力的锻炼,更是心

理素质的考验,这两者缺一不可。在复习过

程中,心态尤为重要,考研生活很枯燥乏味,有的时候真的很容易让人放弃,这个时候就看你如何调节自己的情绪了,和朋友聊天,出去散心都是很好调节心情的方法。实在学不进去了,也不要逼迫自己去学,那样只会适得其反。同时,在复习的过程中,不要询问你身边同学的复习进度,这样只会给自己压力,做好自己的就可以了,别人的都不要理睬,当然不会的问题在一起相互交流下还是很好的。

一路下来,无论你到最后复习的怎么样,都要坚持下来,因为坚持到底就是胜利,无论你最后是考上了还是没有考上,都不会有遗憾,因为已经努力过了,顺利走了过来,即使没有考上,你也学到了很多知识,心理素质也得到了锻炼,对自己影响还是很大的。考研也是一种经历,是人生中很难忘的回忆。坚持,终会笑到最后。

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在日常生活中,不知有没有察觉到,都存在一些影响效率的坏

习惯。本来可以按时完成工作的,可是这些习惯却使我们的效

率和产量低下。那么对于考研备考,你是否也存在着拖沓、粗

心的一些坏习惯呢?2015的考研同学,为了提升复习效率,取得考研成果,那从现在起就请和与坏习惯绝交。

一、考研切莫跟风,不要三分钟热度

很多考生之所以失败了,就是没有控制力。学了一阵儿之后就想玩儿,看别人出去购物了,出去玩儿了就想跟着走,即使没有走,坐在那里也学不进去,浮想联翩。这类学生绝对不在少数,对于绝大部分同学而言,自制力似乎是大家最为欠缺的东西,或者说大家做事总喜欢三分

钟热度。很多同学一开

始复习时往往雄心壮

志一箩筐,但坚持一两

个星期后便叫苦不迭,

然后就东一榔头西一

棒子地翻书,效率和结

果自然是惨不忍睹。这

类考生首先在态度上

就存在偏差,考研不是闹着玩,大家要摆正态度再能把心思放在考研复习上。

同时,我们的考研辅导专家表示,目前学科交叉的趋势越来越明显,加上越来越多新兴学科的出现,跨专业考研数量增多是正常现象。但“隔行如隔山”,跨专业报考的难度系数在考

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研中是最大的,盲目跨专业有“满盘皆输”的危险。考生如果基本功不扎实,即使考上研究生也会出现就业难,有些跨专业学生还在专业学习上出现了严重的“水土不服”、“消化不良”。所以一再提醒,考生应该对跨专业考研的情势进行冷静的分析,综合考虑自身的经济状况、职业规划、追求目的、利弊得失等情况“对症下药”。

二、考研复习初期莫打“疲劳战”

在整个考研复习过程中,最关键的一点

就是要保持一如既往的平静心态,好的心态

可以让我们事半功倍!提醒考生,在复习时

要注意劳逸结合,放弃疲劳战术,有计划地

锻炼身体,做到放松身体而不放松意志。

或许大家会觉得疑惑,由于复习初期无

法适应高强度的复习,所以大家的身体已经

很疲惫了,为什么还要锻炼呢?很多考生正

是因为之前不注意锻炼,身体无法承载高强

度的学习,才使得自己没有太多的精力和体力面度复习。身体素质对考研人来说是非常重要的,所以大家可以依据身体情况适当地进行锻炼,比如可以每天早上6:15起床,慢跑15分钟,然后再去吃饭和自习。锻炼需要的时间并不多,却可以带来身体上的充实感和极好的精神状态。很多成功考生的实践证明,健康的身体是考研的保障。

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紧迫感会贯穿复习的始末,张弛有度才能让考生坚持下来,这就要求考生合理分配疲劳期的时间。提醒考生,考研复习需要坚定的信念和意志力,它需要你不断地坚持,才能看到胜利的曙光。而且,考研复习的内容可以用海量来形容,所以学习时间是非常紧凑的,所以大家在投入复习之前首先要把心态调整好。首先要给自己一个缓冲的时间,让自己慢慢进入学习状态,不要一上来就把自己扔在书桌前,这样势必会让自己产生厌学的情绪,不利于学习。然后,就要遵照一个循序渐进的过程学习,慢慢加大学习力度。总之,复习初期,不要轻易陷入“疲劳战”中,这样会给后面的复习带来恶性循环。

三、考研复习切莫“马大哈”

很多同学复习时,遇到相对比较晦涩的内容,就选择放弃,或者想放到以后再解决。但其实最初的学习一定要把书本吃透,只有把复习资料一字不落地看一遍,才能在脑中形成完整的提纲,这样在后期学习时才能将脉络理清,也方便于后期的查缺补漏。考研的复习资料的确有些枯燥,但大家可以稍微“苦中作

乐”,例如政治的复习,大家就可

以自编顺口溜,方便记忆,这样的

创意大家还可以在网上同朋友共

享,既帮助大家学习,也可以交流

一下心得。复习初期一定不要手懒,

建议考生准备一本复习日记,每日

将自己复习的内容记下来,慢慢积累多了,便会非常有成就感,同时可以帮助监督自己的复习进度。

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四、考研复习莫要“明日复明日”

2014考研已结束,2015考研近在咫尺,考生不免诸多感慨,有的还沉浸在紧张的情绪中无所适从,有的是对结果不满意而有些抑郁,建议考生,现阶段应总结经验,向着新的目标前进,不论有什么打算都要提早做好准备,莫要“拖延症”作祟,须知“明日复明日,明日何其多。”现阶段,大家要确定新目标,制定新计划,马不停蹄,奔向未来。

新目标代表着努力的方向,建议大家在确定新的目标之前,首先对自己做一个全面的分析,问问自己是否还要坚持考研?是否此次失利是由于自身努力不够?是否对考研还怀抱信念?如果答案全部都是肯定的,那么毫无疑问,你一定要鼓起勇气,再战考场,杀一个漂亮的回马枪。建议考生新计划的制定要从眼下开始,在我们的复习计划中还应对每个阶段应该做什么都有个详细的说明,例如,在最初的基础阶段,我要把政治的所有内容详细地看一遍,滴水不漏,对整个学科的框架有个大体的印象。有明确的步骤才能将计划详尽地实施。

有了目标,有了计划,再加上十成的决心和信心,相信大家一定能冲破心理瓶颈,不管现阶段心情是低迷期也好,亢奋期也罢,希望大家能够正视自己,辩证分析自己,总结经验,马不停蹄冲向未来。

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考研英语一翻译真题汇总

1990 年英译汉试题 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities,and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions. (61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect,the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as‖nature vs. nurture‖. (62)Those who support the ―nature‖side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63)That our environment has little, if anything,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the ―nurture‖ theory,that is,they advocate education,are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist,B.F. Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that,like machines,humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic,intelligence, offered by the two theories. Supporters of the ―nature‖theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say,they don‘t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand,behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (64)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some ―nature‖ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (65)Behaviorists,in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 1991 年英译汉试题 The fact is that the energy crisis,which has suddenly been officially announced,has been with us for a long time now,and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not,it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (71)The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time,and in any case,the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. (72)New sources of energy must be found,and this will take time,but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on,mankind is going to advance cautiously,and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse,there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world‘s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations,including the United States,the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this,which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account,what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001? To begin with,the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001,the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million,and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74)This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that,if necessity forces exports,it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact,as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety,there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population

历年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析38

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