2014年高考英语湖南卷-答案

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖南卷)

英语答案解析

Part ⅠListening Comprehension

Section A

第一节

1.【答案】A

2.【答案】B

3.【答案】A

4.【答案】C

5.【答案】C

6.【答案】A

7.【答案】A

8.【答案】C

9.【答案】C

10.【答案】B

11.【答案】B

12.【答案】C

13.【答案】A

14.【答案】B

15.【答案】B

Section B

16.【答案】change

17.【答案】meeting

18.【答案】light

19.【答案】gift shop

20.【答案】the package

Part ⅡLanguage Knowledge

Section A

21.【答案】D

【解析】句意为:只有在父母的陪同下孩子们才能进人体育场。主语“Children”和accompany之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词形式。此处也可看作是状语从句的省略,补充完整为:when children are accompanied。故D项正确。

【知识拓展】状语从句的省略,即当主从句的主语一致,且从句中含有系动词be的时候,从句中的系动词和主语可以省略。

【考点】非谓语动词

22.【答案】B

【解析】句意为:如果Dewey先生当时在场的话,他会给那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。根据主句中的“he would have offered”可知,逗号前是对过去情况的虚拟,故从句应用过去完成时。故B项正确。

【考点】虚拟语气

23.【答案】A

【解析】句意为:了解你自己的内心需要和交流的方式与学会表达自己的感情和情感一样重要。分析句子成分可知,句中的“your own needs and styles of communication”是主语,且谓语动词“is”为单数形式,应用动名词短语作主语;understand与句子主语之间是主动关系,所以应用主动语态。故A项正确。B项为不定式的被动式,不符合语境。

【考点】非谓语动词

24【答案】C

【解析】句意为:正如John Lennon曾经说过的那样,当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时,生活已离我们远去。分析句子成分可知,“appends to you while you are busy making other plans”是表语从句,从句中缺少主语。故用what引导。故C项正确。

【知识拓展】在名词性从句中,从句中缺少主语、宾语和表语都用what引导。

【考点】名词性从句

25.【答案】D

【解析】句意为:我已经为这次野餐准备了各种各样的食物。你的意思是我们没有必要带任何东西了吗?根据语境可知,此处强调的是没有必要。故用needn't。故D项正确。

【题眼】上句中的“all kinds of food”是解题的关键,正因为带了所有种类的食物,下句才问是否有必要再带东西。

【考点】情态动词辨析

26.【答案】D

【解析】句意为:除非你全身心地投入到工作中去,否则你永都不会获得成功的。根据语境可知,此处用unless引导条件状语从句,意为“除非,如果不”。故D项正确。

【知识拓展】when和after引导时间状语从句;because引导原因状语从句。

【考点】连词辨析

27.【答案】B

【解析】句意为:没有什么能比得上躺在草地上仰望夜空让人感到高兴的了。本句使用了there be结构,根据句中的“on my back”可知lying的动作由“我”发出,而stare与其逻辑主语“我”是主动关系,故应用现在分词形式作伴随状语。故B项正确。

【考点】非谓语动词

28.【答案】B

【解析】句意为:自从人类有了园艺技术,我们就一直在让我们的环境越来越美丽。根据从句中的“Since the time”可知,主句应用完成时再结合语境可知,“让我们的环境越来越美丽”这一动作一直在发生,故此处用现在完成进行时。故B项正确。

【知识拓展】现在完成进行时由“have/has+been+现在分词”构成,表示从过去开始到现在为止一直在进行的动作,这动作可能继续,也可能已停止。例如He's been watching television all day.他看了一天电视了。He has been doing this work for three years.这工作他已干了三年了。

【考点】动词的时态

29.【答案】A

【解析】句意为:只有当你保持自己内心平静的时候,才能和他人处理好关系。当副词only所强调的方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状語或者从句等位于句首时,主句采用部分倒装,故排除BC两项;再结合从句时态,此处遵守“主将从现”原则,即主句用将来时。故A项正确。

【解析】“only”是解题线索。注意:如果only修饰的不是状语而是主语,不能倒装。如:only I can do it we!只有我才能做好这件事。

【考点】倒装句

30.【答案】A

【解析】句意为:使你今天所做的一切都有意义,因为这是你用生命中的一天换取的。此处是because引导的原因状语从句故主句不能用非谓语动词形式排除B、C、D三项;根据本句的“you're trading”可知说话的对象是you这里用祈使句表示劝告。故A项正确。

【考点】祈使句

31.【答案】C

【解析】句意为:我期待着有一天我的女儿能读懂这本书,并且理解我对她的感情。分析句子成分可知,先行词是“the day”,在定语从句________my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her”中作时间狀语,故可以用when或者or which引导定语从句。故C项正确。

【考点】定语从句

32.【答案】C

【解析】意为:我们所需要的就是一小块地,在那里我们可以一年四季都种上各种各样的果树。根据空格后的“a small piece of land”可知,本句的谓语动词应用单数形式,根据句中的“All we need”可知,这里说的是现在的事实,所以用一般现在时。故C项正确。

【考点】主谓一致,动词的时态

33.【答案】A

【解析】句意为:真正让我们感到高兴的不是做我们喜欢的事,而是喜欢上我们不得不做的事情。根据句中的“It's”可以首先想到强调结构,再根据空格处在句中不作任何成分,且强调句中去掉“It is that…”之后结构、句意仍然完整可知本确实是一个强调结构,强调的是主语“not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do”。故A项正确。

【考点】强调句型

34.【答案】D

【解析】句意为:不论你什么时候买礼物,都要从接受者的角度想一想(礼物是否合适)。时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则,即状语从句应该使用一般现在时。故D项正确。

【考点】动词的时态

35.【答案】C

【解析】句意为:为了让我们从身体和精神的紧张中解脱出来,我们每一个人都需要深思和内心的平静。根据语境可知,此处用不定式作目的状语。故C项正确。

【考点】非谓语动词

Section B

36.【答案】A

【解析】根据下文“I was going to be_____and needed to learn this vital skill”可知,作者的母亲向作者解释学习熨衣服的原因。故A项正确,意为“原因”。rule意为“规则”;emotion意为“情感,情绪”;method意为“方法”,均不符合语境。

【考点】名词辨析

37.【答案】D

【解析】根据第一段中的“before I went off to college”可知,作者要去上大学了,也就是要离开家独立生活了。故D项正确,意为“独立的”。helpful意为“有帮助的”;confident意为“自信的”;powerful意为“强大的,强有力的”,均不符合语境。

【考点】形容词辨析

38.【答案】C

【解析】根据本句中的“meeting new people”可知,母亲认为,在与刚认识的人打交道的时候,得体的着装会给对方留下好印象。impression意为“印象”;conclusion意为“结论”;suggestion意为“建议”;observation 意为“观察,监视”。故C项正确。

【考点】名词辨析

39.【答案】B

【解析】根据空格前的“But”可知,虽然熨衣服是生活中司空见惯的小事,但是当做起来的时候作者意识到了这并非易事。easy意为“容易的”;useful意为“有用的”;special意为“特别的”;suitable意为“适当的”。故B项正确。

【考点】形容词辨析

40.【答案】C

【解析】根据空格后的“like ice-skating”可知,作者这时候意识到了熨衣服并不像滑冰那样平平稳稳的,而是需要停顿的。smooth意为“光滑的,平稳的”;direct意为“直接的”;single意为“单一的,单身的”;strange意为“奇怪的”。故C项正确。

【考点】形容词辨析

41.【答案】D

【解析】根据空格前的“produced steam”可知在熨衣服的时候,熨斗会发出热气,这会形成一定的危险。danger意为“危险”,与下一句中的“get burnt”相呼应。doubt意为“怀疑,疑问”;pressure意为“压力,压迫”;surprise意为“惊讶”。故D项正确。

【考点】名词辨析

42.【答案】A

【解析】根据空格前的“forgot to turn it off”可知,如果离开的时候忘记关上熨斗,可能会引起火灾。go away 意为“走开,离开”符合语境。故A项正确。fall down意为“倒塌跌倒”;jump off意为“跳下来”;look up 意为“查阅,查找”,均不符合语境。

【考点】动词短语辨析

43.【答案】A

【解析】根据第一段中的“I'm going to teach you to iron”可知,妈妈教作者熨衣服的技巧。teach意为“教育,教”;choose意为“选择”;force意为“迫使”;send意为“发送”。故A项正确。

【考点】动词辨析

44.【答案】C

【解析】根据空格前的“they were close to your face”可知,在妈妈看来,别人在看到作者的时候,也有可

能看到他的脸旁边的衣领。see意为“看见,看到”;touch意为“接触,触动”;design意为“设计”;admire 意为“钦佩,赞美”。故C项正确。

【考点】动词辨析

45.【答案】D

【解析】根据空格前的“skillfully”可推知,作者对自己娴熟的熨衣服技巧感到骄傲。pride意为“骄傲,自豪”;honesty意为“诚实,正直”;reedit意为“自由”;Justice意为“公正”。故D项正确。

【考点】名词辨析

46.【答案】B

【解析】根据上文可知,作者已经从熨衣服这件事上感悟到了:遭遇到失败的时候并不气馁。而本句话是作者的更深感悟,所以这里是附加关系,用besides表示“此外”的收获。故B项正确。instead意为“代替,反而”;otherwise意为“否则,另外”;however意为“然而,可是”,均不符合语境。

【考点】副词辨析

47.B【答案】

【解析】根据空格后的“wrinkles”可知,作者的母亲建议作者处理衣服上的皱褶的时候一一应对。Deal with 意为“处理应对”,符合语境。make up意为“构成,弥补”;ask for意为“要求”;rely on意为“依靠”,均不符合语境。故B项正确。

【提示】本文是一篇议论文。朋友或许可以选择,邻居却不能选择。因此与他们的相处就多了几分难度。作者就这一点展开论述,就如何和邻居愉快地相处给出了自己的建议。

【考点】动词短语辨析

Section C

48.【答案】them

【解析】根据上文中的“our neighbors”可知,这里指的是我们应该尽可能地和邻居们相处好。故用them 指代上文的“neighbors”。

【考点】代词

49.【答案】other

【解析】根据上文中neighbours”可知,此处表示和邻居相处,要尽量做到为他人(others)着想。

【考点】代词

50.【答案】which/that

【解析】分析句子成分可知,本句含有定语从句,先行词是“things”关系代词在定语从句中作主语。故可用which或that引导定语从句。

【考点】定语从句

51.【答案】and

【解析】根据语境可知,此处表示作者建议我们不要将电视声音调得太大,也不要在深夜放太大声音的流行音乐,这两个建议是并列关系,所以用and连接。

【考点】并列连词

52.【答案】A

【解析】根据空格后的“friendly relationship”可知,此处表示一种友好的关系,所以用不定冠词a,表示泛指。

【考点】冠词

53.【答案】but

【解析】根据上文“Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people”可知,此处表示邻居应该做的事情,但空格后表示有时候总是不可避免空格前后为转折关系,所以用But。

【考点】连词

54.【答案】If/When

【解析】根据下文中的“they have to”可知,此处表示“如果邻居好相处”,或者“当邻居想友好相处的时候”,故用if引导条件状语59%者用when引导时间状语从句。

【考点】状语从句

55.【答案】in

【解析】根据下文中的“peace”可知,此处用介词in与“peace”构成固定短语in peace,意为“和平地”,符合本文的主题—一邻居之间和平相处。

【提示】本文是一篇广告,主要介绍了适合不同年龄的儿童参加的提高写作技巧的两个写作班级。

【考点】介词

Part ⅢReading Comprehension

56.【答案】D

【解析】根据大标题“Towner Writer Squad(班组)for kids aged13-17”下的第二段“The FREE squad sessions will include introductions a wide range of writing styles, from poetry to play writing and lyrics〔抒情诗)to lash fiction, to support the development of young writers.”可知,建立此班级的目的在于支持年轻作家的发展。故D项正确。

57.【答案】A

【解析】根据标題“Application&Selection”下的第一段第一句“If you would like to apply to be part of the Towner Writer Squad, please send a sample piece of your writing(about 500 words)…”可知,A项正确。58.【答案】B

【提示】根据“Deadline for applications:8 September,2014”可知,此处表示申请加人这个写作班级的截止期限是2014年9月8日。故B项正确。

59.【答案】B

【解析】根据倒数第三段最后一句“Most importantly, build confidence and have fun while writing!”可知,B 项正确。

60.【答案】C

【解析】根据最后一段中的“For more information go to:https://www.360docs.net/doc/bf19121646.html, or https://www.360docs.net/doc/bf19121646.html,”可知,C项正确。【提示】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在上学时学到的人生中一节有价值的课。他每次上课时都计算好老师即将提问的问题,而对于其他的题目没有做准备。那节课上,碰巧有几个学生没来,所以他的计算失误,作者学到了我们要做好充分完全的准备。

61.【答案】D

【解析】根据上文“I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student”和下文“One day,this approach threw me into embarrassment”可推知,画线处是表示否定意义的句子,四个选项中只有D项正确。根据下文作者讲述的自己的故事也可知,D项正确。A、B、C三项都是表示积极的方面,显然不符合此处语境。

62.【答案】C

【解析】根据第三段“Our teacher typically assigned daily home work which would be recited in class the fallowing day. n most days, our grades were based on our oral answers to homework questions.”可知,C项正确。A项“让他们一起叙述作业”,作者提到recite(叙述,背诵),但是并没有说together(一起)表述错误;B 项和D项文中都没有提及。

63.【答案】A

【解析】根据第四段最后一句“She would start either at the front! Or the back of the classroom and work toward the other end.”和第五段作者计算出自己将会回答哪些题目可推知,是因为老师会用常规的方式提问。故A 项正确。B、C、D三项文中都没有提到。

64.【答案】B

【解析】根据第六段第一句“What I failed to expect was that several students were absent, which threw off my estimate”可知,B项正确。

65.【答案】D

【解析】根据最后两段主题的升华,尤其是最后一段“IF I could choose one school day that taught me the most; it would be that one”可知,文章讲述了令作者难以忘记的,让他学到重要道理的一节课。故D项正确。【提示】本文是一篇说明文。最新调查研究表明:当涉及能源的使用时,房子使用者的行为和房子的设计一样具有至关重要的作用。而现在的状况是关注对房子设计的研究,忽略了对房子使用者行为的关注。

66.【答案】B

【解析】根据第一段第一句中的“The behaviour of a building's users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use”可知,研究人员特别强调住户们的行为,故B项正确。根据第一段中的“all new homes being zero-carbon by2016”“sustainable building design”及“promises to reduce its carbon emissions(排放)by 80 percent by 2050”可知,A、C、D三个选项的表述分别是对将来的假设,故排除。

67.【答案】D

【解析】根据第二段中的“The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency(效率)….”可知,研究表明,人们使用和居住房子的方式在很大程度上,被现行的提高能源效率的努力所忽路,故which指代existing efforts,故D项正确。

68.【答案】A

【解析】根据第三段中的“consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design. In other words, old habits die hard even in the best-designed eco-home.”可知Katy Janda认为使用房子的人的生活方式非常重要,能够击败最仔细的设计。故A项正确。

69.【答案】A

【解析】根据第四段第四句“Feedback(反馈)facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors, could help bridge this information gap by…”可知,A项正确。

70.【答案】C

【解析】根据倒数第二段“Social science research has added a further dimension(方面),suggesting that individuals' behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted…”可知,房子使用者的行为举止可能是个人的,是无法预测的。故C项正确。

Part ⅣWriting

Section A

71.【答案】Vacations

【解析】通读全文,且根据文中多次提到的vocation可知本文大意是关于快乐的假期,故此处用vocations.

72.【答案】performance

【解析】根据第一自然段中的V ocations help us perform better at work一句可知此处用perform的名词形式performance。

73.【答案】quality of sleep

【解析】由第一自然段最后一句中的improve our sleep quality可知答案。

74.【答案】attempt

【解析】根据第二自然段中的A classic one for vocation planners is attempting to maximize value for money…可知此处用attempt。

75.【答案】worry

【解析】根据第二自然段中的Another mistake is that we worry too much…可知此处用worry。

76.【答案】good flight deal

【解析】根据第二自然段中的…such as how to find a good flight deal可知答案。

77.【答案】adding【解析】根据第二自然段中的or which destination to add or subtract from our journey可知此处用adding。

78.【答案】rules

【解析】根据第三自然段首句中的the following top rules可知此处用rules。

79.【答案】choice

【解析】根据第三自然段中的First, choose your companions wisely可知此处用choice。

Section B

80.【答案】shopping wisely

【解析】根据本段中的Third, shop wisely可知此处用shopping wisely。

81.【答案】They liked to go skating.

【解析】根据第一自然段中的When winter arrived they couldn't wait to go skating.可知在冬天他们喜欢去滑冰。

82.【答案】He went door to door and gathered their signatures.

【解析】根据第二自然段的倒数第二句中so the boy went door to door and gathered more than two hundred signatures to stop the development.一句可知男孩是通过挨家挨户去居民家里去争取人们的签名支持。

83.【答案】He told them they should speak for the peak tor the citizens and leave enough space for children.

【解析】根据第三自然段中的He also insisted that they should leave enough space for children可知答案。

84.【答案】Environmental protection laws and the knowledge of wetlands ecology helped him.

【解析】根据最后一自然段中的he used environmental protection laws to explain restrictions on development in and around wetlands and the knowledge of wetlands ecology to help improve the development.可知答案。

Section C

【答案】略

【解析】本文是一篇开放性作文。考生围绕“学校组织的科技创新大赛”这个主题,发挥想象,选取日常生活中的某件物品进行设计,添加新功能,然后介绍给读者,所以这是一篇说明文。在写本文时,要做到详略得当,结构清晰,主要说明自己设计的理由,介绍此物品的新功能;同时为了使行文连贯,应恰当地使用连接过渡词,力求句式多变,以提高文章得分档次。

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