英语专业翻译课件

替换与重复

Substitutive vs. Reiterative

一般说来，除非有意强调或出于修辞的需要，英语总的倾向是尽量避免重复。试比较：

1)音节重复

原句：Commercials商业广告seldom make for entertaining and relaxing listening.

改写：Commercials seldom entertain and relax the listener.

原句：Close examination闭卷考试of the results of the investigation led to a reorganization of the department.

改写：Close study of the results of the inquiry led to a reorganization of the department．

2)词语重复

原句: We listened to an account of the customs of the inhabitants of the village. (of 的重复)

改写: We listened to an account of the villagers’ customs.

原句: Even to borrow money is wrong, accord-ing to Kant, because if everyone did borrow money, there would be no money left to borrow.

改写: Even to borrow money is wrong, accord-ing to Kant, because if everyone did this, there would be no money left to borrow.

3)句式重复

原句：Now is the time for everyone to come out to vote, for everything depends upon this election. All are against corruption 贪污腐败, and so they should vote the Reform ticket. This is not a foolish thing, for the voters can elect anyone they want. But the people must turn out heavily, for if they do there is little doubt that they will elect the men they want.

改写：Everybody should turn out to vote in this election，for the triumph胜利凯旋of the Reform party means the end of corruption in office．If the voters will only come to the polls in large enough numbers, they can surely elect the men they wish to see in power.

4)意义重复

原句：He asked the divisions to give their mutual cooperation to the project.

改写：He asked the divisions to cooperate on the project．

原句: A university degree has become a necessary requisite for entry into most professions.

改写：

a) The bachelor's degree is necessary / a requisite for entry into most professions ．

b) The bachel or’s degree is required for entry into most professions. / Entry into most

professions requires the bachelor’s degree．

原句：May I be permitted to state that the activities of the Club are not limited only to aeronautics？

改写：

a) May I be permitted to state that the activities of the Club are not limited to

aeronautics？

b) May I be permitted to state that the activities of the Club are not directed only to aeronautics？

advance planning assembled together still remains

repeat again exactly identical audible to the ear

entirely complete throughout the entire summer

foreign imports dash quickly

在能明确表达意思的前提下，英语宜尽量采用替

代、省略或变换等避免重复。

一、替代（Substitution）

(替代句中或上文已出现过的词语或内容)

1.名词性替代: 用代词或某些名词来取代名词(词组)

第三人称代词: he, she, it

指示代词: this, that, these, those

关系代词: who, whom, whose, that, which

连接代词: who, whom, whose, what, which

不定代词: all, each, every, both, either, neither, one / ones, none, little, few, several, many, much, other, another, some, any, no

名词: enough, half, the same, the kind, the sort, the former, the latter

•Translation from English into Chinese is not so easy as that from English into French．

英译汉不如英译法容易。

2) A chemical change is one in which the structure of particles粒子粒子系统is changed and a new substance is formed.

化学变化是改变粒子结构、形成新物质的一种变化。

3) Electrical charges 电荷《物》of a similar kind repel each other and those that are dissimilar attract.

同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。

4) He hated failure；he had conquered it all his life，risen above it，and despised it in others.

他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。

1)我们的民族再也不是一个被人侮辱的民族了。

Ours is no longer a nation subject to insult and humiliation.

2)我们提倡和平共处的原则，这项原则目前在世界上已越来越得人心了。

We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular in the world.

3)一定的文化（当作观念形态的文化）是一定社会的政治和经济的反映，又给予一定社会的政治和经济以巨大的作用和影响。

Any given culture (as an ideological form) is a reflection of the politics and economics of a given society, and the former in turn has a tremendous effect and influence on the latter.

2、动词性替代：替代谓语动词（词组）。

代动词do