非谓语动词精讲精练

1 非谓语动词 在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词） 不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化.

不定式 不定式 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 To do To be done 动作发生在谓语动作之后 进行式 To be doing 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 To have done To have been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前

一．不定式的作用 1. 作主语 不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如： It took us two hours to finish the job. It is impossible for us to get there on time. It is very kind of you to help us. 注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 （2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is „to„的句型。试比较： It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错） To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） （3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，在表示人物性格，特征等的形容词后面常用of; It’s kind of you to say so. It’s difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese. 例题：It is not unusual for workers in that region _______. A) to be paid more than a month later B) to be paid later than more a month C) to pay later than a month more D) to pay later more than a month It’s selfish ____ you to think of yourself only. It’s essential ____ us to learn English well.

2. 作宾语 （1） 动词+不定式。如： He managed to escape from the fire. I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语） 注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等 （2） 动词+疑问词+to do, “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。 如：I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next. 2

I can’t decide when to go there. 注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。如： I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.

3. 作宾语补足语 （1） 动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。如： He warned me to be careful. I want you to speak to Tom. 注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish, warn, expect, prefer, encourage （2） 表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如： We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态） (3) There +不定式。如： We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。 注意：（1）有些动词需用 as 短语作补语，像regard, think, believe, take, consider。如： We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。 Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。 （2）在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如： They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree. (3)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to. I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things. 例题：They are going to have the serviceman _____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A) install B) to install C) to be installed D) installed The ancient Egyptians are supposed _____ rockets to the moon. A) to send B) to be sending C) to have sent D) to have been sending There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means______ trouble. A) making B) to make C) to have made D) having made I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem ______ all the time. A) to get worse B) to be getting worse C) to have got worse D) getting worse

4. 作定语 不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如： I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系） He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系） He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系） 3

He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系） 注意：1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。如： Do you have anything else to say? 2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。如： I need a pen to write with . (I will wirte with the pen ) I have a little baby to look after .(I must look after the little baby ) 例题：Could you find someone______？ A) for me to play tennis with B) for me to play tennis C) play tennis with D) playing tennis The pressure ______ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain. A) to compete B) competing C) to be competed D) having competed

5. 作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to , so as to, so„as to, such „as to, „.enough to, too„to等。 （1） 做目的状语，to, only to （仅仅为了）, in order to, so as to, so(such)„.as to„（如此···以便···）如： He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. He came to the school to see his son. （2） 作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如： He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed. He searched the room only to find nothing. （3） 做原因状语。如： We were very excited to hear the news. I’m glad to see you. （4） 做条件状语。如： To turn to the left, you could find a post office. 例题：________ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree. A) To become B) Become C) One becomes D) On becoming