好莱坞简史
好莱坞发展历程
好莱坞发展历程
好莱坞发展历程可以追溯到1920年代。
那时，好莱坞成为美国电影工业的中心，吸引了许多电影制片公司。
随着技术的不断进步，好莱坞开始制作有声电影，取代了原本的无声电影。
这一创新使电影能够更好地传达故事和情感，获得了广泛的欢迎。
1930年代至1940年代是好莱坞黄金时代，许多经典电影诞生于此。
电影明星如克拉克·盖博、赫本·玛丽、约翰·韦恩等成为全球范围内的偶像。
好莱坞制片公司通过一系列策略，如电影摄制、发行与营销以及电影院经营等，确保了自己在市场上的主导地位。
20世纪50年代至60年代是好莱坞的转型时期。
电视的普及使人们在家中也可以观看电影，这对电影院产生了竞争压力。
因此，好莱坞开始采用不同的策略，如推出更大规模的制作、引进新的技术和特效，以及与其他国际市场的合作，扩大了电影的受众群体。
1970年代至1980年代是好莱坞的商业化时期。
大片制作和营销取得了巨大的商业成功，如《教父》、《银河系漫游指南》和《星球大战》等。
好莱坞电影开始走向国际市场，并成为全球文化的一部分。
21世纪初，好莱坞继续发展并逐渐拓展到其他媒体平台。
互联网的普及使电影能够以数字形式传播，并且新的娱乐形式如在线流媒体逐渐崛起。
好莱坞制片公司开始与数字媒体平台合
作，创造了更多的机会和多元化的内容。
总的来说，好莱坞自20世纪以来已经成为全球电影产业的重要中心和文化品牌。
随着科技的不断发展，好莱坞将继续在电影和娱乐界发挥重要作用，并与其他媒体平台形成互动和共同发展的趋势。
好莱坞发展史
好莱坞发展史
好莱坞野外剧场
建于1922年的这个圆形剧场位于好莱坞北端，你经常都 会在电视或电影看到这个圆形剧场，甲克虫乐队也曾在此演 奏。 每年7月初到9月初这里有一个野外音乐会，由洛杉矶乐 团和好莱坞野外剧场交响乐团共同演奏。
"好莱坞"大标志
一个字的高度就达13.7米， 是洛杉矶有名的建筑物。原 来这是为发展好莱坞地区而 修建的。1960年，当 Hollywood Land变为 Hollywood时，这个标志就 成了好莱坞的象征物。不得 不提的是，1932年一个新 女演员因经受不起失败的打 击，曾在这个标志的“D”字 上坠崖自杀。现在禁止接近 这个标志，你只能在天文台 上通过望远镜进行摄影。
电影工业汇聚简史
1907年，导演弗朗西斯·伯格斯带领他的摄制组来到洛杉矶， 拍摄《基督山伯爵》。1910年代初，导演大卫·格里菲斯被 Biograph公司派到西海岸来拍电影，他带着演员来到了洛杉 矶。他们后来想寻找一块新的地盘，于是向北出发，来到了 一个热情的小镇，那就是好莱坞。渐渐许多业内人士都知道 了这块宝地，到好莱坞的电影剧组越来越多，美国电影业移 师好莱坞的大转移开始，好莱坞向成为电影之都迈进。 1911年10月，一批从新泽西来的电影工作者在当地以为摄 影师的带领下，来到一家叫布朗杜的小客栈，他们将租到的 客栈改装成一家电影公司的样子。这样，他们创建了好莱坞 的第一家电影制片厂——内斯特影片公司。
好莱坞著名电影公司简介
米高梅 Metro Goldwyn Mayer
1922年创办，于1981年与连美 （United Artists）合并。米高梅拍 摄了电影史上最出色的影片之一— —《乱世佳人》，创造出历久不衰 的银幕经典——００７，塑造了不 朽的卡通形象——猫和老鼠，发起 成立了美国电影艺术与科学学院， 并推出了学院奖（即奥斯卡）…… 它旗下巨星云集，曾创造每周推出 一部电影的神话。2005年，索尼公 司联合几家投资商，以50亿美元买 下米高梅 。 《宾虚》、《日瓦戈医生》和 《2001太空漫游》 《指环厂 Deam Works
好莱坞的简介
好莱坞位于美国西海岸加利福尼亚州洛杉矶郊外， 是一个依山傍水，景色宜人的地方，好莱坞不仅 是全球时尚的发源地，也是全球音乐电影产业的 中心地带，拥有着世界顶级的娱乐产业和奢侈品 牌，引领并代表着全球时尚的最高水平。 由于当地发达的娱乐工业，好莱坞与其周边的伯 班克等市共同构成了美国影视工业的中心地区， 好莱坞市内有不少数十年历史的老电影院，通常 被用作电影首映式或举行奥斯卡奖颁奖礼的场所， 也成为旅游热门地点。
翻译
Scenic adj.风景好的；戏剧性的 英 ['siːnɪk] 美 ['siːnɪk] 例句：The country abounds in scenic and natural wonders. 这个国家有许多风景优美的自然景观。 premiere v.初次公演；初次演出 n.初次公演；初演主角 英 ['premieə(r)] 美 [prɪ'mɪr] He achieved his premiere in a play. 他成功获得了初次演出戏剧的机会。
In
1853, the Hollywood is only a house. By 1870, this place has become a thriving farm. By 1900, Hollywood has a post office, a newspaper, a hotel and two markets. Later Biograph came to Hollywood to make movies. In 1911 October, a group of filmmakers from New Jersey created the first film studio in Hollywood -- Nestor film company. Since then, many film companies settled in Hollywood. In January 22, 1947, the United States of America commercial television entered Hollywood. In 1952, CBS Fairfax and Beverly Avenue at the junction of the city set up the tv. Hollywood today is a diverse, vibrant and dynamic urban areas
好莱坞影视的发展历程
好莱坞影视的发展历程好莱坞是世界上最著名的影视制片中心之一，它的发展历程可以追溯到20世纪初。
以下是好莱坞影视的主要发展历程。
20世纪初，好莱坞还只是一个小镇，但得益于海洋气候和丰富的自然光线条件，吸引了许多电影制片公司前来拍摄。
当时，电影业还处于起步阶段，制片公司主要集中在纽约等地。
但由于纽约的天气和空间限制，许多制片公司开始向好莱坞迁移。
1910年代，好莱坞迅速崛起，吸引了更多的制片公司和演员。
这时期的电影以无声电影为主，像查理·卓别林这样的喜剧演员在这一时期获得了巨大的成功。
与此同时，好莱坞开始采用大规模制作和工业化生产的方式，这也为后来的电影工业化奠定了基础。
1920年代至1930年代是好莱坞黄金时期。
这一时期，好莱坞制片公司如派拉蒙影城、华纳兄弟影片公司和米高梅影片公司等开始垄断了电影市场，成为当时最重要的电影公司。
同时，有声电影的出现使电影更具震撼力和真实感，赢得了更多观众。
1940年代至1950年代是好莱坞的黄金时代。
在这一时期，好莱坞制片公司制作了许多经典的电影，如《乱世佳人》和《魂断蓝桥》等。
这一时期的电影在技术和叙事方面都有了巨大的进步，为后来的电影发展奠定了基础。
1960年代至1980年代，好莱坞经历了一段艰难的时期。
新的社会运动、政治变革和经济衰退的冲击，使得观众对传统好莱坞电影的需求发生了变化。
此时，一些新的导演和制片人开始崭露头角，他们的作品带有更多个人风格和社会意义，如马丁·斯科塞斯和斯坦利·库布里克等人。
1990年代至今，好莱坞迎来了数字化时代的到来。
随着数码技术的发展，电影制作变得更加高效和方便。
此时，好莱坞制片公司开始注重国际市场，引进更多的外国市场和观众。
另外，好莱坞的电影题材也越来越多样化，包括科幻、动画、超级英雄片等。
同时，好莱坞的明星系统也逐渐发展完善，像汤姆·克鲁斯和布拉德·皮特等大牌明星涌现。
好莱坞影视的发展经历了一个世纪的时间，从最初的小镇到全球电影制片中心，它凭借创新、技术和市场洞察力取得了巨大的成功。
美国洛杉矶好莱坞
美国洛杉矶好莱坞洛杉矶好莱坞，作为世界电影工业的中心，是美国及全球电影产业的代名词。
自20世纪初以来，好莱坞就拥有了众多享誉全球的电影公司和电影明星。
无论是电影制作、电影技术还是电影文化，好莱坞都有着举足轻重的地位。
一、好莱坞的历史沿革好莱坞的起源可以追溯到20世纪初。
当时，由于洛杉矶的气候和地理位置非常适合电影制作，以及当地政府对电影产业的支持，许多电影制片厂开始在好莱坞地区建立。
这其中最知名的要数“洛杉矶公园”电影制片公司，它成为了好莱坞的标志性建筑。
二、好莱坞的地理位置及基础设施好莱坞位于洛杉矶市的西北部，毗邻比佛利山脉。
这个地区有着得天独厚的自然环境和充足的阳光资源，为电影拍摄提供了优越的条件。
此外，好莱坞地区还有一流的基础设施，包括电影制片厂、摄影棚、灯光设备等，为电影产业的发展提供了不可或缺的支持。
三、好莱坞的影响力与地位好莱坞不仅是美国电影业的中心，也是全球电影业的重要枢纽。
在好莱坞的发展过程中，不少电影公司崛起并发展壮大，如华纳兄弟、派拉蒙、索尼等，它们不仅制作了许多优秀的电影作品，也对电影技术的研发和创新做出了重要贡献。
此外，好莱坞还涌现了众多杰出的电影明星，如查理·卓别林、玛丽莲·梦露、小罗伯特·唐尼等，他们通过出色的表演为好莱坞增添了无数光彩。
四、好莱坞电影的流派与特色好莱坞电影以其多样的题材和丰富的故事受到全球观众的喜爱。
在好莱坞的发展历程中，出现了许多经典的电影流派，如西部片、爱情片、科幻片等。
好莱坞电影独特的制作风格和高超的视听效果为观众营造了震撼人心的观影体验。
同时，好莱坞电影也注重结合社会现实和时事问题，通过影片向观众传递深刻的文化和情感。
五、好莱坞电影对全球文化的影响好莱坞电影不仅对美国文化有着深远的影响，也对世界各国的观众产生了重要的影响。
好莱坞电影作为美国文化的重要组成部分，通过其独特的价值观、审美标准和故事表达方式，影响和塑造了全球观众的审美趣味和文化认同。
美国的好莱坞和文化影响
美国的好莱坞和文化影响从每年的奥斯卡颁奖典礼到世界各地的电影院，美国的好莱坞已经成为了世界文化的代表之一。
和全球其他的文艺中心一样，好莱坞也有着自己的历史沉淀和特殊性。
在本文中，我们将探讨好莱坞的历史，以及它的文化影响和成功的原因。
历史好莱坞是加利福尼亚州洛杉矶的一个社区，和麦克阿瑟公园以及洛杉矶河以西的其他社区一起组成了该城市的一部分。
好莱坞地区一度以柑橘、橄榄和葡萄的栽培为主，但在1909年出现第一部由美国人拍摄的电影《隔壁是狗》后，这个地方的命运就改变了。
随着电影制片业的兴起，好莱坞成为了美国电影业的中心，吸引了众多电影制片商和电影人。
随着时间的推移，好莱坞不断扩张，成为了世界电影业中最重要的一个部分。
文化影响好莱坞的影响已经超越了电影本身，成为了国际文化中心之一。
其文化影响在以下方面表现得淋漓尽致。
1. 电影好莱坞电影被广泛认为是世界电影的标志，具有很高的艺术价值和娱乐价值。
电影通过其故事情节和角色提供了一种语言和文化交流方式，能够深入人心。
比如，好莱坞电影《泰坦尼克号》（1997）在全球收入逾19亿美元，被誉为史上最卖座的电影之一。
2. 流行文化好莱坞电影和电视剧通常在世界各地广泛传播和流行。
比如，好莱坞电影中的音乐成为流行音乐的重要组成部分，电影中的穿着和妆容也成为时尚的激励。
电视剧类别则涉及诸如流行趋势、道德、价值观等成为广泛谈论的话题。
3. 艺术好莱坞电影自然涉及到艺术领域。
研究好莱坞电影史和电影定量美学已经成为很有价值的研究领域。
好莱坞也成为了艺术文化（如多种文学的适配电影和音乐剧）和游客文化的中心地带。
成功的原因好莱坞的成功不仅仅是因为它拍了一些好电影，还因为它经营了一种独特成功模式。
下面是好莱坞成功背后的主要因素。
1. 创造性的人才成功的首要因素是好莱坞电影制片的创意人才。
好莱坞从一开始就是一个创意产业，它需要创意导演、编剧和演员。
好莱坞制片人的口头说法之一就是“第一喜欢要赚钱，但不要为了赚钱而做电影。
好莱坞电影简史(英文版)
The BeginningsWhen Harvey Wilcox bought a piece of land in Southern California in 1887 and named it ‘Hollywood’, he had no idea that only a few years later filmmakers would make this spot the movie center of the world. However, it was Thomas Edison who laid the first milestone in American cinema history by inventing his Kinematoscope in 1891. In 1894 Edison presented his film Black Diamond Express to the audiences which set the foundation of the new entertainment. The first genius in early film history was D.W. Griffith who realized that the static camera was not enough to mediate his vision and by starting to use close-ups, cross-cutting, fade-outs and other camera technique he invented movie editing. While he was also the first person to shoot a film in Hollywood, namely In Old California (1910), his greatest success remains The Birth of a Nation (1915), a three-hour epic of the Civil Warand its aftermath. The movie remains controversial: movie historians acknowledge its pioneering approach to visual storytelling as well as its technical achievements, but criticize the explicit racist depiction of blacks and the glorification of the Ku Klux Klan.Among the earliest movie stars we find the impersonation of innocence or ‘America’s Sweetheart,’ Mary Pickford, also Gloria Swanson, and Douglas Fairbanks, whose most popular films were The Mask of Zorro (1920) and Robin Hood (1922). In the 1920s more and more people went to the nickelodeons (the early movie theaters where the admission fee was a nickel) to watch such epics as, for example, Cecil B. DeMille’s The Ten Commandments (1923).The mild climate and the year-round sunshine drew more and more filmmakers to Southern California, where the center of American film industry gradually emerged. SamuelGoldwyn, Louis B. Mayer, the Hungarian-born Adolph Zukor and William Fox, and the four Warner brothers dominated the production side of the business and established their own movie studios. The studio system was to rule the film market in the following three decades. The five major studios, or the Big Five as they were called at the time, were Warner Bros., 20th CenturyFox, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Paramount,and RKO, while among the then smaller studios we count Columbia, Universal, and United Artists. In the 1920s a new genre, the slapstick comedy started to gain ground in film production with such names as Fatty Arbuckle or British-born Charlie Chaplin who eventually became his own star, director, and producer. He developed the character of the Tramp, a comic but also pathetic figure in overlarge gentle man’s clothes, bowler hat and grotesquely big shoes, and made several movies in this role: TheKid (1921), The Gold Rush (1925), etc. Chaplin kept making basically silent movies in the sound era as well, e.g. Modern Times (1936), but his talkie The Great Dictator (1940) with its caricature of Adolf Hitler was also a popular success. Chaplin’s greatest rival was the stony-faced Buster Keaton who always played the perfect scapegoat and was famous for never smiling on screen. His best film is considered to be Steamboat Bill (1928).Besides slapstick comedies, the major genres were swashbucklers, historical films and melodramas, although filmmakers were experimenting with all kinds of genres throughout the decade.The premiere of The Jazz Singer in 1927 launched a new technological breakthrough, the talking picture, or talkie, with the result that the silent film had practically disappeared by the 1930s. The careers of many actors were broken as they couldnot live up to the demands of this new way of moviemaking. Among those who survived we find Greta Garbo, Joan Crawford, or Gloria Swanson. Also in 1927, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) was founded and the first Academy Awards (popularly known as Oscars, after the nickname of the statuette given to the winners) were presented in February 1929.The Golden Age of American Cinema: the 1930s to the 1940sThe 1930sWith the appearance of the ‘talkie’ a new era of filmmaking began in Hollywood. The most popular genres of the time were the western, slapstick comedy, musical, animated cartoon, biopic (biographical picture), etc.As opposed to today’s practice producers, directors, actors, technicians, etc. were kept on salaries at the different studios, each studio having its own personnel. The studios also owned hundreds of theaters in cities and towns where they were able to show their own films. Big business went hand in hand with infamous relationships and scandals, and by the beginning of the 1930s Hollywood came to be known as the most sinful city. As a countermeasure General Will Hays introduced the Production Code (not enforced until 1934) to set the guidelines for films concerning sex, violence, and religion.In the 1930s also new genres appeared such as the adventure or fantasy movies. This was the time of Johnny Weissmuller’s first film, Tarzan the Ape Man (1932), which was followed by Tarzan and His Mate (1934) and several others. David O. Selznick, one of the most famous producers of the period, introduced the first classic monster in movie history, King Kong, in 1933. Another greatadventure hit came when Charles Laughton came to Hollywood after the success of The Private Life of Henry VIII (1933) and played in the Mutiny on the Bounty (1935).Another new development of the decade was the horror film. In 1931 the Hungarian Bela Lugosi appeared as a vampire in Dracula and Boris Karloff as the monster in Frankenstein, laying the foundation of a long tradition. The 1930s also saw the unfolding of the gangster movie genre with Howard Hawks’ Scarface (1932), and the Hungarian-born director Michael Curtiz’s Angels With Dirty Faces (1938).New movie comedians also surfaced beside Chaplin: such figures appeared as the group named the Three Stooges in Woman Haters (1934), and they went on producing slapstick comedies until 1959. The best film of thepopular pair of comedians Laurel and Hardy, Sons of the Desert, also came out in 1933. After World War I numerous European artists came to Hollywood: Ernst Lubitsch, Alfred Hitchcock, Fritz Lang and Josef von Sternberg among the directors as well as for example Marlene Dietrich among the actors. Dietrich and von Sternberg made seven films together in Hollywood out of which Morocco (1930) and Shanghai Express (1932) are the most memorable.The greatest year in the 1930s was probably 1939 when such movies appeared as The Wizard of Oz, Gone With the Wind (winning eight Oscars that year with British actress Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable in the leading roles), Stagecoach (directed by John Ford, one of the finest directors of the time), or Mr. Smith Goes to Washington. The 1930s also marked the beginning of the famous feature-length animationfilm production of the Disney Company with the classic Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). Other famous cartoons of the company were soon to follow: Cinderella (1950), Sleeping Beauty (1959), and One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961).This was also the decade when the first great stars as we know them appeared: Clark Gable, Vivien Leigh, Katharine Hepburn, Bette Davis, just to name a few, while others, for example Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers were best known for their dancing talents.1940s and the Film noirAs noted above, Alfred Hitchcock came to Hollywood to direct his first American film, Rebecca (1940) under David O. Selznick. Among his later thrillers that became classics of American film history, Notorious (1946), RearWindow (1954), Vertigo (1958), North by Northwest (1959), Psycho (1960), and The Birds (1963) are considered the best by critics and fans.1941, the year in which the US entered World War II, meant shortages, blackouts, and other wartime restrictions which harshly affected the film industry. Yet, by 1946 the attendance in theaters reached the highest percentage up to that point. Many directors and producers (John Ford, William Wyler and Frank Capra among them) set out to make documentaries and training films to aid the war. The most famous, partly propaganda film of the time was Michael Curtiz’s Casablanca (1942) starring Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Bergman, and Peter Lorre. This dark romantic story illustrates the struggles of Rick Blain, a bar keeper in Casablanca who has the means to save his former lover’s husband by giving him false documents, while this way he would lose the woman he loves. Anothersuccessful film with patriotic flair was Mrs. Miniver (1942) by William Wyler about the citizens of a British village struggling to survive the war. In 1941 the twenty-three-year-old Orson Welles made his début in his own masterpiece Citizen Kane. The film shows the life of Charles Foster Kane, who begins to fight for power within the publishing industry and turns out to be a ruthless tyrant whose actions ruin all around him. The story is mediated through a reporter whose job is to find out what Kane’s last word, ‘rosebud’ could have meant. The movie was allegedly based on the life of the contemporary newspaper magnate, William Randolph Hearst, w ho tried to hinder the film’s appearance by all means. The film, nonetheless, became one of the greatest classics of American film history. Welles’ Macbeth (1948) was less successful and after its release the director left for Europe where he starred in Carol Reed’s film noir, The Third Man (1949).Film noir as a genre had its bloom in the 1940s. It expressed the dark and skeptical mood of the general public through its dark black-and-white pictures where lights and shadows stand in great contrast to each other, and disillusioned or corrupt characters. The first film noir to appear in the US was The Maltese Falcon (1941) which brought a turning point in Humphrey Bogart’s career. Other films followed, such as Mildred Pierce (1945), The Big Sleep (1946), or The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946) and the genre lived on all the way into the 1960s.In the 1940s, John Ford started to produce his most famous war movies and westerns (e.g. Fort Apache (1948), Rio Grande (1950)), besides the movie adaptation of such literary classics as The Grapes of Wrath (1940).In the late 1940s, early 1950s a paranoid fear of Communism developed in Hollywood when producers, directors and actors were expected totestify on Communist activities within the industry. Many artists were accused and put on the blacklist (the existence of which has always been denied officially) and banned from working in Hollywood. The career of many stars was broken or endangered, among them Orson Welles, Gregory Peck, Katharine Hepburn, Joseph Losey, Frank Sinatra, or Charlie Chaplin, just to name the most well-known.The end of the 40s also brought the end of the studio system, which was marked by the federal antitrust action separating the production of films from their exhibition. This meant that the studios had to give up their theater networks and had to depend solely on production.The 1950sIn the 1950s television became cinema’s greatest rival. In order to keep their audiences, studiosstarted to produce big-scale spectacular widescreen films that could only be shown in movie theaters. At the same time, as the novelty of television declined, audiences realized that it was the cinema that provided the sort of quality entertainment they were looking for, and the number of viewers began to rise again. Also, the 1950s and 60s marked the end of the Production Code thus more challenging topics, such as sexuality and violence, were also allowed to be filmed.Ever since the 1950s American films are divided more and more into two categories: blockbusters and independent films. Studios tend to make expensive, star oriented, spectacular films whereas independent filmmakers are regarded to be more innovative and quality driven, as they do not depend on the studios’ money.In the decade of the 1950s, new, rebellious heroes emerged: James Dean, Paul Newman, and MarlonBrando along with their female colleagues Kim Novak and Marilyn Monroe. Brando’s first famous appearance was in A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) for which he also received an Oscar nomination. Dean played his most remembered role in Rebel Without a Cause (1955). Monroe became one of the most enduring sex symbols of the century with the help of such performances as in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953) or Some Like it Hot (1959).The age of rock and roll created a new kind of music film, starting with Rock Around the Clock (1956). Elvis Presley’s first appearance in a film came in 1956 with Love Me Tender, and continued with Jailhouse Rock (1957) and other films all the way into the late 60s. Among the most successful musicals of the decade we find An American in Paris (1951), Singin’ in the Rain (1952, depicting the difficulties silent film actors had to face when talkies came to be popular) with Gene Kelly in the leading role, The King and I (1956)and Porgy and Bess (1959). Besides musicals, spectacular epics also had a bloom in the 50s beginning with The Robe (1953), The Ten Commandments (1956), Ben Hur (1959) starring Charlton Heston and winning eleven Oscars out of twelve nominations, and Spartacus (1960) with Kirk Douglas in the leading role.The 1950s also saw the adaptation of the major contemporary dramas, such as Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Managerie (1950), A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958), or Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman (1951).1960sTo continue the epic tradition of the 1950s, 20th Century Fox decided to make Cleopatra in 1963, with Elizabeth Taylor as Cleopatraand Richard Burton as Marc Antony. While the epic turned out to be a flop, the musical and comedy genres proved to be more successful among the audiences by this time. One of the greatest and sweetest actresses in these genres was Audrey Hepburn who won the Best Actress Award for Roman Holiday (1953) in which Gregory Peck acted as her well-suited partner. Her career was also notable in the 1960s when she shot Breakfast at Tiffany’s (1961) and the musical My Fair Lady (1964) with Rex Harrison at her side. Other notable music films of the decade were the adaptation of Doctor Dolittle (1967) also with Harrison, the partly animated Disney classic, Mary Poppins (1964) and the by now classic The Sound of Music in 1965 both starring Julie Andrews, and West Side Story (1961), a modern version of Romeo and Juliet in a contemporary New York setting.It was in the 1960s that Stanley Kubrick established his position as one of themost famous auteurs of the century. If his war drama Paths of Glory (1957) was considered controversial, then his films Lolita (1962), the scandalous story of an adult man’s ped ophile passion for an underage girl, or Dr. Strangelove (1964), a dark satire about the outbreak of the nuclear Third World War, aroused even more heated criticism but also a lot of critical acclaim. His greatest masterpiece is considered to be 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) which is widely hailed as the greatest science-fiction film ever made. In the late 1960s Kubrick moved to England and worked there most of the time until his death in 1999.One of the decade’s masterpieces was Arthur Penn’s Bonnie and Clyde (1967) which already showed the weakening of the Production Code: despite its graphic violence and sympathetic gangsters the film was not banned. Similarly Dustin Hoffman’s first film The Graduate (1967), depicting an ambiguous sexualrelationship between a young man and an older married woman as well as rebellion against boring suburban life, turned out to be a popular success. The code was further undermined in the 1970s. War movies were also popular in the decade and films like Judgment at Nuremberg (1961), The Longest Day (1962) and The Dirty Dozen (1967), an impossible mission in World War II with John Cassavetes, Telly Savalas, Donald Sutherland and Charles Bronson in the leading roles, ran with enormous success.1970sThe period between 1967 and roughly 1980, is called New Hollywood or post-classical Hollywood, which was marked by the appearance of a new group of filmmakers, such as Francis Ford Coppola, Steven Spielberg, George Lucas, and Martin Scorsese, also called the ‘movie brats’.This was the time when several new, bold, innovative but also successful films were made by the young generation. Co ppola’s The Godfather (1972) about the Corleone gangster family ruling in Brooklyn was a milestone in film history, providing numerous memorable quotes and scenes with Marlon Brando as the Don. The film was followed by The Godfather, Part II in 1974 (both the first part and its sequel received an Oscar for Best Picture). At the end of the decade Coppola directed one of the most powerful Vietnam War movies based on the loose adaptation of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness under the title Apocalypse Now (1979). Two of the most influential horror-thrillers of the decade are William Friedkin’s The Exorcist (1973), and Spielberg’s Jaws (1975). George Lucas’ Star Wars (1977), a science fantasy combining elements of science fiction stories with traditional fairy-tale motifs, has become one of the biggest box-office successes of all time, and created a newstandard for the industry by its high-quality convincing special effects. Star Wars later developed into a trilogy with the release of The Empire Strikes Back (1980) and The Return of the Jedi (1983). Three more prequels –the so-called Episodes I, II and III –were added between 1999–2005. Lucas went on to produce other blockbusters such as Spielberg’s Indiana Jones series beginning with Raiders of the Lost Ark in 1981.Scorsese’s Taxi Driver (1976) was the decade’s most shocking film with its new extremes of violence, showing how a cab driver (Robert DeNiro) tries to save a 13-year-old hooker (Jodie Foster) after not being able to find success with ‘normal’ women. The film’s realism and graphic violence, its depiction of child prostitution and the underworld was without precedent.Besides new directors also a new type of actors established themselves in the era, forexample Jack Nicholson, Robert DeNiro, or Dennis Hopper. Also during this decade the VHS video market developed, creating a new boom in movie making as many films were now produced that were not intended for the big screen but already for the new medium.Woody Allen emerged in the 1970s as an original comic genius who usually wrote, directed and played in his own movies. His directorial début came in 1969 with his film Take the Money and Run and continued with the success of Play it Again Sam (1972) and Sleeper (1973). His major breakthrough came with Annie Hall (1977), a partly biographical love comedy, which won four Oscars in 1978, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Actress in a Leading Role for Diane Keaton. Allen has continued to produce a seemingly endless series of films ever since, and although few of them became major box office hits –exceptions are Manhattan (1979), The Purple Rose of Cairo (1985) and Hannah and HerSisters (1986) – he developed an international cult following, particularly in Europe, where his ironic, intellectual, self-doubting brand of humor is more strongly appreciated. The other outstanding comedy series of the era was the Pink Panther series with brilliant British comedian Peter Sellers as bumbling French Inspector Clouseau. The first movie was The Pink Panther (1963) followed by three sequels in the 1970s until the death of Sellers.Just like each decade, the 1970s also had its successful musical films, but light-hearted traditional musicals gave way to more dramatic and darker stories like the persecution of Eastern European Jews in Fiddler on the Roof (1971) or the rise of Nazism in Germany of the 1920s in Cabaret (1972). The music of these films was also changing, showing an increasing influence of contemporary rock and pop in Jesus Christ Superstar (1973), The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975), Grease (1978), and Hair (1979). Thehorror and adventure genres also continued with British director Ridley Scott’s Alien (1979, followed by sequels in 1986, 1992, and 1997) and the beginning of the Superman sequence (1978, 1980, 1983).1980sIn the 1980s it is difficult to discover any new trends in the film industry as filmmakers tended to depend on the success plan developed in the previous decade, making spectacular disaster epics, action and adventure stories, or buddy movies. This was also the time of MTV that created a new generation of moviegoers. The first producer to exploit this trend was Don Simpson who made Flashdance in 1983. The film tells the story of Alexandra Owen (Jennifer Beals) who works at a construction site during the day and dances at a bar at night, but she really dreams of being a ballet dancer. Flashdance was not the onlymovie about women transforming on the dance floor, as the audience could also witness Baby in Dirty Dancing (1987) turning into a ballroom dancer by the help of Johnny (Patrick Swayze) against the will of her parents.Simpson also started a new kind of film genre, the buddy movies, by releasing Beverly Hills Cop in 1984. The film starred Eddie Murphy whose other buddy action comedies, 48 Hrs. (1982) and Another 48 Hrs. (1990) were also great favorites of the time. Lethal Weapon (1987), the first of a 4-part sequence about a bold and sometimes suicidal widower police officer (Mel Gibson) and his aging partner (Danny Glover) also became one of the most popular action comedies of the 80s and 90s. Although in the Die Hard sequel(1988-1995) we only find one, lonesome hero, a New York police detective (Bruce Willis) who saves the citizens of Los Angeles, Washington, and New York, this series is also considered a buddy movie.Beside action comedies, many significant Vietnam war movies were also released. Among them we find the first part of the Rambo series, starring Sylvester Stallone. The first movie shows the difficulties and persecution of a former Vietnam soldier who finds it hard to settle back into society after the war. Unfortunately, the sequels degenerated into a Cold War action thriller, with Rambo fighting against the Communists in Vietnam and Afghanistan. Other films of the decade that deal with a similar topic are Stanley Kubrick’s Full Metal Jacket (1987), Oliver Stone’s Platoon (1986) and Born on the Fourth of July (1989).Other characters in movies were fighting against different evils, imaginary monsters. The horror genre was blooming in this period. Among the most important sequels we find A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984-2003), introducing the monstrous Fred Krueger (Robert Englund) withhis dirty green-grey shirt and glove with sharp knifes as fingers, killing those to whom he appears in their dreams, Friday 13th (1980-2003) or Halloween (1978-2005) which begins with a six-year-old boy brutally killing his sister on Halloween night, and fifteen years later, as he escapes from the mental institution, he continues what he started.Seeing the success of the Star Wars sequence, Spielberg set out to direct another sci-fi fantasy, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), about the adorable alien who after being stuck on Earth is found by the ten-year-old Elliot. Eventually Elliot helps E.T. contact his species and he is taken away from Earth while Elliot stays here. After this successful movie, the production of the Back to the Future sequel (1985, 1989, 1990) brought Spielberg even more fame as audiences found traveling back and forth in time a fascinating idea, especially in the comic way it is illustrated in the film. Other popularscience-fiction or cartoon based stories of the time were James Cameron’s The Terminator (1984) and Tim Burton’s Batman (1989) which also turned out to be a sequel all the way into the late 1990s. In all these movies the studios were concentrating on blockbusters with famous stars, simple stories stuffed with more and more special effects that ‘everybody had to see’ regardless of the films’ real quality or meaning.Beside sci-fi and horror films, we can of course find popular films with serious themes, among them Milos Forman’s surprise hit Amadeus (1984), about Mozart the great composer. In 1988 Rain Man won four Oscars, among them the Best Actor in a Leading Role award to Dustin Hoffmann, who provides a fascinating performance in the role of the autistic Raymond. Bruce Beresford’s Driving Miss Daisy (1989) starred the then 81-year-old Jessica Tandy who received an Academy Award for her role as Miss Daisy. The film is set in the South before the civil rightsmovement and tells the story of an old lady and his African American chauffeur in a society full of prejudices. For younger audiences Peter Weir’s Dead Poets Society (1989) was a movie of major significance, showing how an unconventional teacher, John Keating (Robin Williams) teaches his students to stand up for themselves, form their own ideas, and find their own ways no matter what those around them think about it.1990s and after 2000It was in the late 1980s and early 1990s that independent films (or ‘indies’) became more and more successful. The term independent film covers movies that are made by uncompromising directors and writers who make low-budget original films outside the studio system. The new generation of independent filmmakers includes Spike Lee, Steven Soderbergh,and Quentin Tarantino just to name the most significant. Soderbergh proved his talent and independence from mainstream movie making by sex, lies and videotape(1989) and his breakthrough Erin Brockovich (2000, bringing an Oscar to one of the decade’s most famous actresses, Julia Roberts). The film is about an unemployed single mother who gets a job at a lawyers’ office and eventually disco vers how a powerful company poisons the water of the town of Hinkley. Spike Lee concentrated on the Black questions of the last few decades, making such movies as Do the Right Thing (1989) and Malcolm X (1992) set in the 1960s when the renowned black leader (played by Denzel Washington) was assassinated. This was also the time when such shocking films as Se7en (1995) or Fight Club (1999) introduced David Fincher’s alternative thinking to Hollywood. Yet, it was Quentin Tarantino who dominated among these young directors. His film Pulp Fiction (1994), anultra-violent story told in a non-linear, surprisingly unique and absurd way, with renowned stars in the leading roles (John Travolta, Uma Thurman, Bruce Willis, Samuel L. Jackson) established him as one of the best directors of the age. His first commercial success was followed up by Jackie Brown (1997) and Kill Bill (2003, 2004). Besides violence, a new philosophical thinking also wriggled its way into the market by the help of the Wachowski Brothers. Their film sequence The Matrix (1999, 2003) was not only thought provoking but also unique in its visual style, which was, of course, supported by abundant visual effects. The story evolves around Neo who is called to free humans living in the Matrix, an artificial reality, exploited by sentient machines.Other than the independents, already acknowledged directors were also active in the decade. Among them we need to mention again Steven Spielberg and George Lucas.Spielberg’s Jurassic Park (1993) and The Lost World: Jurrasic Park (1997) about the re-creation of long lost dinosaurs was a great success by the audiences, while his films Schindler’s List (1993), about a German businessman who saved over 1000 Polish Jews from death camps in World War II, and Saving Private Ryan (1998), a shockingly realistic account of the Omaha Beach landing on June 6, 1944, hit a much more serious tone. George Lucas, on the other hand, based his filmmaking on the success of the Star Wars fantasy saga and created the so called prequel trilogy, that provided the beginning of the story filmed in the 1970s and 1980s. The three part of the trilogy are The Phantom Menace, Attack of the Clones, and Revenge of the Sith.Most of the above mentioned films made increasing use of the developing digital technology and special effects; animated films ran along a similar course, utilizing computer-based。
新好莱坞产生的背景及概况
新好莱坞阶段是指从60年代至今的电影时 期，在这个阶段，高成本的“重磅炸弹” 策略使类型片在表达方式上发生改变，社 会意义也走向了多元。新好莱坞是旧好莱 坞的延伸和发展，它是电影艺术内部和社 会文化环境变化的结果。而在本质上，好 莱坞的“梦幻”功能并没有改变。
新好莱坞电影的诞生
• 1967年，Arthur Penn导演的《邦尼 和克莱德》 （Bonnie & Clyde） 标志着新好莱坞电影 的诞生。
中文名称：邦妮和克莱德 英文名称：Bonnie And Clyde 别名：雌雄大盗，我俩没有明天 导 演：阿瑟·潘 主 演：吉恩·哈克曼 Gene Hackman 吉恩·怀尔德 Gene Wilder 沃伦·比蒂 Warren Beatty 费伊·达纳韦 Faye 上 映：1967年08月04日 ( 加拿大 ) 地 区：美国 ( 拍摄地 ) 时 长：111 分钟 类 型：犯罪 剧情 爱情
背景
• • • • • 1、在经历了意大利新现实主义电影、日本等 国的民族电影和法国新浪潮电影的影响之后，好 莱坞开始对类型电影从形式到主题进行了反思； 2、1950s-1960s：麦卡锡主义；美国商业电 影的衰退； 3、电影旧体制与旧观念的危机，也是“新好 莱坞电影”产生的重要背景； 4、电视的冲击； 5、美国社会的动荡与政治的危机：肯尼迪遇 刺，马丁·路德·金被杀，十年越战，民权运动，水 门事件。
“新好莱坞”
• 从1967年一1976年，这样一段时间。好莱 坞电影在经历了意大利新现实主义电影和 民族电影兴起的影响之后；在经历了法国 新浪潮的冲击之后，在经历了自身从50年 代到60年代的商业影片制作的衰退与电视 对电影制作的冲击之后，于60年代后半期 和70年代，开始对近亲繁殖的类型电影从 形式到主题进行了「反思」。而在另一方 面，美国社会的动荡与政治的危机；电影 旧体制与旧观念的危机，都成为这时期电 影革命与演变的主要背景及因素。
美国好莱坞电影ppt课件
《星球大战》系列
总结词
科幻电影的里程碑，讲述了在遥远的银 河系中，善与恶的力量之间的斗争。
VS
详细描述
《星球大战》系列以太空战争和异星文明 为背景，通过丰富的想象力和创新的特效 ，展现了宏大的宇宙世界。该系列电影不 仅在科幻电影领域具有重要地位，还对整 个电影产业产生了深远影响。
《阿甘正传》
总结词
励志电影的代表，讲述了一个智商低下的男子的奋斗历程。
详细描述
《阿甘正传》以阿甘的人生经历为线索，通过展现他坚韧不拔的精神和乐观向上的态度，传递了积极向上的人生 态度。该电影以其感人的故事和出色的表演而备受赞誉。
《泰坦尼克号》
总结词
爱情电影的经典之作，讲述了处于不同阶层的两个人在泰坦尼克号号船上的相遇和爱情 故事。
04
美国好莱坞电影的未来发展
技术创新
虚拟现实与增强现实技术
01
利用先进的技术手段，为观众带来沉浸式的观影体验，如3D、
4D技术等。
高帧率与高分辨率
02
提高电影画面的清晰度和流畅度，为观众提供更加逼真的视觉
效果。
数字特效与CGI技术
03
增强电影的视觉效果和表现力，为观众带来更加震撼的视听体
验。
全球化发展
优秀的创作人才
好莱坞电影的成功离不开优秀的创作人才。这些人才包括编 剧、导演、演员、制片人等，他们拥有丰富的创作经验和才 华，能够创造出优秀的电影作品。
好莱坞电影产业通过各种途径吸引和培养优秀的创作人才， 为他们提供良好的工作环境和发展机会，从而保证了电影作 品的高质量。
先进的制作技术
随着科技的不断进步，好莱坞电影制作技术也不断更新换 代，为电影制作提供了更多的可能性。先进的制作技术使 得电影画面更加逼真、音效更加震撼，给观众带来更加沉 浸式的观影体验。
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好莱坞 HOLLYWOOD
大 片
好莱坞是什么？
好莱坞是：
1908年，为了统一专利和生产，美国各电 影公司联合成立了电影专利公司，使电影更 产生了商业价值。但一些独立制片商为了摆 脱专利公司的垄断控制，纷纷从纽约、芝加 哥等电影集中地移向洛杉矶。这里自然条件 极好，是理想的电影外景地。以后电影专利 公司也陆续搬来，逐渐形成了繁荣的“电影 城”。并命名为“好莱坞”，成为美国的影 都，至20年代，形成了以“好莱坞ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้为基 础的美国电影生产、发行基地。
新好莱坞时期
商业电影艺术化、艺术电影商业化成为这一 时期电影发展的一个趋势，许多欧洲艺术电 影的处理方法被用于好莱坞电影中。《美国 美人》对于镜头、色彩、光线等细节的处理 精彩而独特，颇具作者电影的风采。而影片 中传达出的对于社会的关注也传承了新现实 主义和新浪潮的血液。
制作名单
文字搜集:张艺娜，苏罗娜 图片搜集：奥成愿 幻灯片制作:李海川 讲解：张婷 视频搜集：穆兰
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经典好莱坞时期
经典好莱坞电影基 本成型于上世纪十 年代。当时观众的 欣赏口味偏向于古 典叙事风格，有声 技术的运用也使电 影中复杂的叙事与 流畅的对话成为可 能，这一切促成了 经典好莱坞电影浓 重的戏剧化风格。 通过程式化的情节、类型化的人物， 迅速占据了观众的视野，科幻、歌 舞、犯罪等形式的类型片得以在世 界影院中大行其道。西部片作为最 “美国化”的类型片在经典好莱坞 时期占有重要的地位。西部片颂扬、 推崇那种粗犷的个人主义和适者生 存的精神，体现着善必胜恶的道德 理想，因而在美国影坛上长盛不衰。 弗雷德•金尼曼拍摄于1952年的《正 午》就在很多方面体现了西部片的 特征，或者说是体现了经典好莱坞 时期影片的特征。
简介好莱坞
位于美国西海岸加利福尼亚州洛杉矶郊外的好莱坞，这是 依山傍水，景色宜人的地方。在第一次世界大战之前以及 之后的一段时间内，格里菲斯和卓别林等一些电影大师们 为美国赢得了世界名誉，华尔街的大财团插手电影业，好 莱坞电影城迅速兴起，恰恰适应了美国在这一时期的经济 飞速发展的需要，电影进一步纳入经济机制，成为谋取利 润的一部分，资本的雄厚，影片产量的增多，保证了美国 电影市场在世界上的倾销，洛杉矶郊外的小村庄最终成为 一个庞大的电影城，好莱坞也在无形中成为美国电影的代 名词。
好莱坞的七大电影公司
米高梅、 迪士尼、 20世纪福克斯、 哥伦比亚公司、 索尼公司、 派拉蒙影业公司、 WB（华纳兄弟）
好莱坞的四大天王
汤姆·克鲁斯、《碟中碟》，《壮志凌云》 布拉德·皮特、《史密斯夫妇》《特洛伊》
威尔·史密斯、《全民超人》，《黑衣人》
约翰尼·德普《加勒比海盗》《剪刀手爱德华》
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