微型机器人

微型机器人

A newly-built machine uses extremely small instruments to perform eye operations.

The machine is reported to make fewer mistakes than doctors.

Robots are already used to perform some relatively simple operations like a hysterectomy, when a doctor removes a woman's uterus. But operating on the eye is more difficult than those kinds of surgeries.

A cataract is a condition that many people develop as they get older. It makes the lens of the eye appear cloudy, making it more difficult for the patient to see. Doctors can remove cataracts through surgery.

One of the difficult parts of that surgery is getting close to the lens. The doctor has to work very carefully next to the capsule of the lens, without breaking it.

That is where Axsis technology comes in.

Axsis is one of the smallest robots for surgical use. It is the size of a soft drink can. The robot is equipped with instruments measuring only 1.8 millimeters in length.

A company called Cambridge Consultants developed the Axsis system. Chris Wagner is its head of advanced surgical systems. He says Axsis could help patients in need of corrective eye surgery. Wagner says the company's robotics product can help with this "extremely sensitive part of the operation" of getting close to the lens without breaking it. He says with robotics, and guidance and imaging during the operation, one can see where the robot is, and see where the lens is, along with other important body parts.

All of the machine's operating parts are inside the device, he says. This is different from traditional surgical robots that operate on a long straight instrument.

Wagner says the joints have been moved inside, "so no arm is swinging around... and no arm motion has to conflict with another robot arm."

Critics say cataract surgery is not very difficult, and the new machine may not be needed. But Wagner believes it shows that such small robotic devices could be used in many other ways.

"I think the fact that it's a 1.8 millimeter diameter robot that's operating on the size scale of the eye is exciting. This just opens the door to a number of different types of procedures that you can do that previously weren't possible."

That means the device could be used for treatments that require more attention to detail than human hands can provide.

I'm Anne Ball.

1.hysterectomy n.子宫

The ratio of abdominal to vaginal hysterectomy is approximately 3:1.

经腹与经阴道子宫切除术比率为3:1.

2.cataract n.白内障

The way is blocked by the tall cataract.

高悬的大瀑布挡住了去路.

3.lens n.晶状体

The lens of the eye accommodate to distance.

眼球晶状体能根据距离进行调节。

4.swing vt.摇摆，挥动

He accidentally found that the desk clock did not swing its pendulum.

他无意中发现座钟不摇摆了。

1.It is the size of a soft drink can. The robot is equipped with instruments measuring only 1.8 millimeters in length.

be equipped with 配有……，装有……

Our yacht was well equipped with two double cabins fore and aft.

我们的游艇设施完备，首尾有两个双人舱。

You can also tour the site on modern coaches equipped with videos.

您也可以乘坐配有视频设备的现代化长途汽车游览那处遗址。

2.That means the device could be used for treatments that require more attention to detail than human hands can provide.

be used for 用于……

These optical fibres may be used for new sorts of telephony.

这些光缆可以用于新型电话通讯系统。

The money saved could be used for more deserving causes.

省下来的钱可以用于更有意义的事业。

种新式机器人可以使用微型仪器进行眼部手术。

据报道，这种机器人的错误率比医生还要低。

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一些相对简单的手术早已采用了机器人进行操作，比如子宫切除手术（医生切除女性的子宫）。不过，眼部手术的难度要高于这些类型的外科手术。

随着年龄的增长，很多人会患上白内障。这种疾病会使人眼球的晶状体越发模糊，让病人越来越难看清。医生可以通过外科手术来移除白内障。

白内障手术难度较大的一个部分就是切近晶状体。医生必须极为小心，在不伤害晶状体囊的情况下，尽可能接近晶状体囊。

艾西斯技术因此应运而生。

艾西斯是执行外科手术中最小的一款机器人。它只有一瓶软性饮料那么大，但其身上所携带的仪器只有1.8毫米长。

艾西斯系统是剑桥顾问公司研发的。克里斯瓦格纳是艾西斯高级外科系统的负责人。克里斯表示，艾西斯为病患做眼部矫正手术。

克里斯还说，其公司的机器人产品能够助力这项“极为敏感手术”中迫近晶状体囊而不对其造成损坏的要求。克里斯表示，手术期间，有了机器人技术、指导和成像，就能看到机器人

所处的位置、晶状体的位置以及其他重要身体部位。

克里斯说，艾西斯的所有操作部位都位于内部。这与那些在又长又直的仪器上进行手术的传统手术机器人不同。

克里斯表示，所有关节都被挪到了机器人身体内部，“这样就不会存在手臂到处挥舞的问题……也不会在挥动手臂时碰到另一个机器人的手臂。”

一些批评家表示，白内障手术并不难，所以并不需要这种新型机器人。然而克里斯却认为，有事实表明这样的微型机器人可以用很多其他的用途。

“我觉得，一个直径只有1.8毫米的机器人做眼部手术这件事，想想就让人兴奋。这简直为很多以前认为不可思议的事情敞开了大门。”

这意味着微型机器人装置可以用于一些细节要求高于人类手部所能达到的治疗中。

安妮鲍尔为您播报。

Some of the most successful technology business owners in Silicon Valley are immigrants. Silicon Valley is an area of northern California that is home to major technology companies like Apple, Google and Facebook.

For some immigrants, just living in the United States is the goal. But others have bigger dreams, like Qasar Younis.

Younis is the chief operating officer of Y Combinator. Y Combinator is an investment company. It gives money to new technology businesses in return for part ownership.

If the company is sold or offers its shares for sale to the public, Y Combinator can make a lot of money.

Younis is from the Punjab area of Pakistan. He says he was just a normal child. But, he says he believed from an early age that he could be successful in the U.S.

Another Pakistani immigrant, Dilawar Syed, owns the software company Freshdesk. It provides customer support services.

Syed said the people who live in Silicon Valley create big opportunities for themselves and each other.

"The idea of making an impossible, possible is the way we operate."

And, he thinks Silicon Valley is unlike https://www.360docs.net/doc/c36372993.html,any other place.

"I think the valley is unique. In that ecosystem, there is an interesting mix of enabling factors that allow people to develop themselves, to push themselves, to take risks, fail often and then succeed quite often in a spectacular fashion."

Many entrepreneurs around the world dream of coming to California and starting a business. But how do they do it?

There are organizations that can help.

Mohammad Ibrahim's Leaders is one such group. It invites leaders of start-ups from the Palestinian territories to attend a one-month program in Silicon Valley. Silicon V alley experts provide training and advice to the visitors.

They learn how to market and grow their businesses. They find ways to increase sales. And Ibrahim says Leaders can connect the start-ups that need money with investors.

Google has a similar program called Launchpad Accelerator. It offers problem-solving for people who started businesses in parts of Latin America and Asia. Those who come to the program spend two weeks at Google's headquarters and then get access to Google experts for six months. Another way people get their start is through internships. Internships are mostly unpaid training positions at companies. Interns can gain valuable connections as well.

The tech company Mozilla, known for their web browser, offers three-month paid internships. Some Silicon Valley interns earn as much as $5,000 per month.

Nichole Gibson finds interns for Mozilla.

"So here at Mozilla we are looking for the best and the brightest, but we also focus on diversity and inclusion. So, we have a wide range of interns that we actually hire. Since we are an international company, we can hire interns from all over the world, which is great. We hire into non- technical and technical roles so we have a wide range of positions that they can apply for."

I'm Dan Friedell.

1.chief operating officer（COO）n.首席运营官

The school is unable to get money out of China, says Henrietta Royle, chief operating officer.

该校首席运营官亨利埃塔?罗伊尔(HenriettaRoyle)表示, 卡斯商学院无法从中国赚钱.

2.enabling adj.授权的，促成的

Some protection for victims must be written into the enabling legislation.

对受害者的一些保护必须写进权力授予法。

3.start-up n.新成立的公司，创业公司

Thousands and thousands of start-up firms have poured into the computer market.

成千上万家新成立的公司已涌进了计算机市场。

4.browser n.浏览器

Press the "reload" button on your web browser to refresh the site and get the most current version. 点击网页浏览器上的“刷新”按钮来刷新页面，显示最新的版本。

5.inclusion n.包容性，包含，列入

His name was put forward for inclusion in the Honours List.

有人提议把他的名字列入光荣榜.

6.connections（复数形式）n.关系

Some claim that she still has connections to the criminal underworld.

有人称她仍与黑社会犯罪势力有来往。

1.If the company is sold or offers its shares for sale to the public, Y Combinator can make a lot of money.

for sale 出售

The beans are then ground and packaged for sale as ground coffee.

然后那些咖啡豆被磨碎，包装好作为咖啡粉出售。

There are many boats, new and used, for sale.

有很多新旧不一的船待售。

2.We hire into non- technical and technical roles so we have a wide range of positions that they can apply for."

apply for 申请

Investors can apply for a package of shares at a set price.

投资者可以申购固定价格的股票组合。

She graduated with high enough marks to apply for university.

她的毕业成绩足以申请上大学。硅谷最成功的技术企业创始人中有一部分是移民。硅谷位于北卡罗来纳州，是包括苹果、谷脸熟等一些主要技术类公司的所在地。

对一些移民来说，单是能居住在美国，目标就完成了。但还有一些移民有更大的梦想，比如哈撒尔尤尼斯。

尤尼斯是Y Combinator公司的首席运营官。Y Combinator是一家投资公司。该公司向新技术企业提供资金，以换取部分股权。

如果有一天其所投资的公司被卖出，或是将其股份对外出售，那么Y Combinator就能赚得盆满钵满。

尤尼斯来自巴基斯坦旁遮普地区。他说自己只是一个普通人。但他从很小的时候就坚信自己会在美国成功。

还有一位名叫迪拉瓦尔赛义德的巴基斯坦移民，他有一家名为Freshdesk的软件公司。该公司的业务是提供客户支持性服务。

赛义德说，生活在硅谷的人既能为自己也能为他人创造巨大机会。

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“我们做事方法是让不可能变为可能。”

此外，他还认为硅谷不同于其他地方。

“我觉得硅谷很特别。硅谷这个生态系统是各种促成因素的有趣混合体，这里能让人们施展那自我，推动自我，去冒险，在经历了不断的跌倒后，往往最终成为万众瞩目的成功者。”全世界有很多企业家梦想着能去加州创业。但他们是怎么做的呢？

有很多机构能够助他们一臂之力。

穆罕默德易卜拉欣创办的Leaders就是这样一个机构。该机构邀请巴勒斯坦的创业领袖前来硅谷参加一个月的项目。硅谷的多名专家会为这些访客提供培训和建议。

他们学会了如何营销并壮大自己的企业。他们找到了增加销售额的方法。易卜拉欣说，Leaders这个机构能将需要投资的创业公司与投资方结识。

谷歌也有一个类似的项目，名为创业加速器。该平台为拉美和亚洲部分地区的创业者提供了解决问题的对策。参加该项目的人可在谷歌总部呆两周，并与谷歌的专家进行长达6个月的接触。

还有一种初创方式是实习。大多数实习岗位是无薪酬的培训岗位。但实习生能获得宝贵的人脉资源。

著名的浏览器技术公司摩斯拉(Mozilla)提供3个月长的带薪实习。还有一些硅谷公司的实习工资可达每月5000美元。

尼克尔吉普森为摩斯拉寻找实习生。

“摩斯拉想要寻找的实习生应该是既优秀又聪明的，但我们也看重多样性和包容性。因此，我们实际上录用了很多实习生。由于我们是国际化公司，所以录用的实习生也是来自全球各地的，这一点很棒。我们既需要非技术岗位，也需要技术岗位，因为感兴趣的人有很多岗位可以申请。”

Dan Friedell为您播报VOA新闻。

A new study from Harvard University shows that female doctors are slightly better than their male colleagues, but get paid less. Researchers looked at more than three million medical records. Around half of these (1.5 million) were hospitalizations, and the other half were for readmissions (people who had to stay in hospital a second time). The percentage of hospital patients who had to return to hospital, or who died, was lower if the doctor was female. Mortality rates (the number of people who died) were 15.02 per cent and readmission rates were 11.07 per cent for female doctors, compared with 15.57 per cent mortality and 11.49 per cent readmission rates for patients of male doctors.

The researchers did not give a reason why women provided better care to patients than men. However, researcher Dr. Ashish Jha did give a figure for the number of lives that could be saved in the USA if male doctors performed as well as female doctors. Dr Jha said: "We estimate that approximately 32,000 fewer patients would die if male physicians could achieve the same [results] as female physicians every year." He also said that it was wrong that men got paid more than women, especially because women were better at their jobs. Dr Jha added: "We need to understand why these diff erences exist…and figure out how to translate it to the [wider] population of physicians."

1.slightly adv.轻微地，轻轻地

In most languages adjectives have slightly different spellings for masculine and feminine.

在多数语言中，形容词的阳性和阴性的拼法略为不同。

2.hospitalization n.医院收容，住院治疗

Occa-sionally hospitalization is required to combat dehydration.

有时病人必须住院以防脱水。

3.mortality n.死亡数，死亡率

Premature birth is the main cause of perinatal mortality.

早产是临产死亡的主要原因。

4.approximately adv.近似地，大约

Approximately $150 million is to be spent on improvements.

大约1.5亿美元将用于作出改善。

What is the 2016 Word of the Year?

The American dictionary Merriam-Webster has named "surreal" its 2016 Word of the Year.

Merriam-Webster's Learner's Dictionary defines the adjective as "very strange or unusual" or "having the quality of a dream."

The word entered the English language in the 1930s, following the artistic movement known as surrealism.

Merriam-Webster says searches for "surreal" rose after several world events and tragedies in the past year.

Major increases in the number of lookups directly followed the terrorist attacks in Belgium and France, the overthrow attempt in Turkey, the Brexit vote, and the death of American musician Prince.

But, Merriam-Webster reports, the largest increase in searches for "surreal" came just after the United States presidential election last month.

Its meaning comes from the word's two parts. The word "real" comes after the preposition "sur," which means "above" or "over" in the French language.

"Surreal" is often used to describe something https://www.360docs.net/doc/c36372993.html, shocking. People might use the word when they cannot believe -- or do not want to believe -- reality.

"Surreal" can have a negative or positive meaning. For example, the Grand Canyon or a trip to the Moon could be described as surreal.

Other popular words of 2016 include revenant, icon, and bigly, Merriam-Webster says. Revenant means "one that returns after death." It comes from the French verb for "return." The Oscar-winning Hollywood film "The Revenant" drove this word's popularity.

People searched for the word "icon" in high numbers following the death of pop star Prince. It means "a person who is very successful and admired."

"Bigly" became hugely popular after many people thought U.S. President-elect Donald Trump used the word during a presidential debate.

People questioned whether the adjective "big" can be used as an adverb in the English language. But language experts agreed that Trump actually said "big league." This expression describes something very successful or high-level. Trump used it as an adverbial phrase.

Language experts also agreed that "bigly" is a word, although it is not often used.

Other dictionaries have also announced their 2016 words of the year.

The Oxford-English Dictionary chose "post-truth," which describes situations in which "facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief." The phrase became popular during the 2016 U.S. presidential elections.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c36372993.html, named "xenophobia" its Word of the Year. It means "fear or hatred of foreigners."

A huge increase in searches for the word happened on June 24 -- one day after Britain voted to leave the European Union.

I'm Ashley Thompson.

1.artistic movement 艺术运动

This, I believe, will very much benefit the whole literary and artistic movement.

我认为这是对整个文学艺术运动很有益处的。

2.known as 被认为；被称作

She is known as a great beauty.

她是出了名的大美女。

3.look up 仰望；查阅

I looked your address up in the personnel file.

我在人事档案里找到了你的地址。

4.terrorist attack 恐怖袭击

The terrorist attack left many dead and wounded.

恐怖袭击造成多人死伤。

1.which describes situations in which "facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief."

public opinion 民意；公众舆论

He mobilized public opinion all over the world against hydrogen-bomb tests.

他动员全世界的舆论反对氢弹试验。

New public opinion polls show the president's approval rating at its lowest point since he took office.

新的民意调查显示总统的支持率跌到了他就职以来的最低点。

2.Merriam-Webster says searches for "surreal" rose after several world events and tragedies in the past year.

searches for 搜寻；搜索

You can use a directory service to search for people on the Internet.

你可以利用因特网的目录服务搜索人名。

My life has been music, and a constant search for it has been the mainspring of my life

我以音乐为生，对音乐的不懈探索已经成为我生活的动力。