第七节虚拟语气

第 1 页 共 11 页 第七节:虚 拟 语 气 一、虚拟语气的概念： 用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式 表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 二、虚拟语气的分类： （一）. 提前一个时态：过去完成← 过去 ← 现在（if形式） If条件句(只有在非真实条件句中才有虚拟语气)

假设情况的时间 假设句谓语 推断句谓语 现在 过去（Be都用were） Would/could/should/might+do (原形是：will/could/shall/may+do） 将来

过去 Were to do（按计划） Should+do（表建议） 过去 过去完成 Would/could/should/might+have+done 第 2 页 共 11 页

举例：If I were you,I would refuse the work.（现在） If I had enough money,I would buy a computer.（现在） If I should meet her again,what would I say. （将来） If I had taken your advice,I should have passed the exam. =had I taken your advice,I should have passed the exam.(过去) 注：若假设句中有should/had/were可以把它们提到主语前并省略if. 经典例题讲解： 例题一： What would have happened,__________as far as the river bank?

A.Bob had walked farther B.if Bob should walk farther C.had Bob walked fartherD.if Bob walked farther 例题二： Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy_____ . A．would have been saved B．had been saved C．will be saved D．was saved 例题三： If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken 例题四： If he ______ my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job. 第 3 页 共 11 页

A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow 虚拟条件句中的特例： 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整． 举例：If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 2. 与现在相反：过去时 wish 引导的宾语从句： 与过去相反：过去完成 与将来相反：would, might, could＋动词原形 3. 与现在相反：过去时 if only 引导的感叹句（要是．．．该有多好啊) ( ) 与过去相反：过去完成 经典例题讲解： 例题一： Look at the trouble I am in!If only I____________your advice. A.followed B.would follow C.had followed D.should follow 例题二： How I wish every family_______a large house with a beautiful garden! A.has B.had C.will have D.had had

例题三： George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture. 第 4 页 共 11 页

A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused （二）if条件句的变体 一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句（if…）, 其后的句子与虚拟条件主句用法一致。 but for (要不是), without, otherwise(否则)=or else，but(但是) 举例： But for your help, we (make) such rapid progress. = （用if改写） Without air, there _________ (be) no living things. = Thanks to the brave young man, otherwise, the boy ______________(die) = I______（come）sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. =

经典例题讲解： 例题一： I ___ you some money, but I hadn’t got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent 例题二： But for the help of my English teacher, I _____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 例题三： I____ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended 例题四： He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,otherwise he ___a goal. A.had scored B.scored C.would score D.would have scored 第 5 页 共 11 页

（三）从句用（should）+ do 表示虚拟 （1.）Lest(以防，以免)/in case/for fear that(恐怕) （2.）名词性从句用should do 表虚拟 但必须是表示建议，命令，要求，愿望,决定等词后的名词性从句。 一坚持，二命令，三要求，四建议。此外还有desire decide等词 (insist) (demand order) (require request command) (suggest advise propose recommand) （3.）It is 感情色彩浓烈的形容词 that （should） do 这类形容词有：important necessary strange odd a pity …. （4.）It is (high) time that … 过去式/should do 该是干…的时候了 经典例题讲解： 例题一：

—Don’t you think it necessary that he____________to Miami but to New York? —I agree,but the problem is______he has refused to. A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what 例题二： It is strange that the little boy _____ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would 例题三： He gave orders that the experiment ____ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B.will finish C. must be finished 例题四： The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set 第 6 页 共 11 页

练习： 1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we ______ all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 2. ______ more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 3. If he ______ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able 4. If you asked your father you ______ permission. A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get 5. ______ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were 7.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ______all practical value by the time they were finished. A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost 8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he______ our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be 9. If you ______Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange. A. shouldn’t contact B. didn’t contact C. weren’t to contact D. hadn’t contacted 10. _____ he English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ______ your advice A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed 12. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ______ our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. hadn’t contacted