高中英语语法名词专题复习
名词
预习案（学生思考）
1. 什么是名词？（Noun)
2.名词有哪几类？
3.画出下列词中的名词，并指出他们属于名词的哪一类？
Diana; Beijing; Americans;wood success ream apples family advice soil
我对名词的困惑：________________________________________________________
【考纲解读】
关于名词,高考主要考查:
1.名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。名词词义辨析包括同义词辨析、近义词辨析、同形词辨析和不同词义的名词在语境中的辨析。另外,高考还考查容易混淆的名词的辨形、辨义以及名词的惯用法等。这些问题主要出现在完形填空中。
2.名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。这些问题常出现在短文改错或语法填空中。
3.名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象,主要以隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形填空试题中。
【预习导学】探究案
一、探究一: 名词的单复数
(一) 可数名词的规则变化(口诀）
名词单数变复数，直接加-s 占多数；s, x, z, ch, sh 来结尾，直接加上-es；
词尾是f 或fe，加-s 之前先变ve；辅母+ y 在词尾，把y 变i 再加-es；
词尾字母若是o，要加-es 请记好，黑人，英雄爱吃西红柿和马铃薯
Task1: 根据以上口诀用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：。
1>There are so many (wolf)in the forest.
2>There are three (chair) in the classroom.
3>These (tomato) are red.
4> (hero) are great. 5>My brother looks after two (baby)
6>I have a lot of (toy) in my bedroom.
7>I help my mother wash (dish) in the kitchen.
Task2. 请写出下列口诀中划线词并写出其复数形式。
1．单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则
(1)以-o结尾的名词变为复数时: 黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿，即＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
但下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es，也可以加-s，它们是：＿＿＿零，＿＿＿＿蚊子，＿＿＿火山。
(2)以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时: 妻子拿刀去宰狼，小偷吓得着了慌，躲进架子保己命，半片树叶遮目光. 即＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
但下列以-f或-fe结尾的名词直接加-s，它们是：屋顶上的首领信仰保险箱，即＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
而下列以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves，也可以直接加-s，它们是：＿＿＿手帕，＿＿＿＿围巾。
(3)合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如：＿＿＿＿女婿；＿＿＿＿过路人；_________讲故事的人；________ 家庭主妇。
a woman teacher two 2.)a girl student two
(二) 可数名词的不规则变化
1．常见单复数同形的名词
一个中国人和一个日本人骑着一只羊和鹿去吃水煮鱼。
________ 系列；________ 方式；________ 工厂；______ 鱼；_______ 水果；__________ 十字路口；____________ 马力；________ 斤等。其中fish, fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes, fruits。
2.中日不变，英法变，其余-s添后面Chinese Japanese German---
(三）不可数名词
Task 1. 单句改错,并总结不可数名词的考点。
1.What a lot of works I have to finish today! 总结：______________.
2 He has got many good news from here.总结：__________________.
3.Will you please make a room for the lady outside?总结：____________.
4.Yesterday afternoon, I paid visit to Mr Johnson .总结：______.
5.During her visit,she drank 12cup of tea.总结：__________________.
6.The party last night was success.总结：__________________.
Task 2. 请列举短文改错中经常出现的不可数名词：
（四）以复数形式出现的名词
根据汉语意思写出下列单词。
1.She wears a pair of new (裤子) today.
2.She looks pretty when wearing (眼镜)
3.The (环境) in our neighborhood is very beautiful.
4.I don’t know how to show my (感谢)to you.
(五）集体名词
His family not a big family. His familywatching TV now.
总结：1.（人民people；警察police复数）; 家庭family 班级class 队team
2.集体名词作主语时，表示整体---谓语用单数；代表成员---谓语用复数
(六）有些词即可是可数,也可以是不可数，意思不一样
Task:请写出下列单词。
可数不可数可数不可数
light 灯灯光，exercise 练习
fish 鱼类 work 作品
glass 玻璃杯 life 生命
chicken 小鸡 orange 橘子
paper 报纸，试卷 time 次数
Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人
German德国人 room房间
（七）有些可数名词的复数形式有特殊的含义
rains雨季waters 水域sands沙滩woods 树林，森林
fruits各种水果glasses 眼镜looks外貌manners 礼貌
探究二：名词所有格
名词所有格的表达（True or False)
1.妇女节离现在还有两周
Women ’Day is in two week’s time .（）Women ’s Day is in two weeks’time .（）
总结：一般单数名词的词尾加;以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，在词尾加；不以-s结尾的复数名词的
所有格，在词尾加.
2.史密斯先生是我爸爸和妈妈的朋友。
Mr Smith is my father and mother`s friend.（）Mr Smith is my father’s and mother`s friend.（）
3.露西的房间比汤姆和莉莉的都大。
Lucy`s room is bigger than Tom`s and Lily`s.（）Lucy`s room is bigger than Tom and Lily`s.（）
总结：表示几个人共有一物，只在用所有格形式；如表示各自拥有时，
则都要用所有格形式。.
4.The village is far away from here indeed. It`s ＿＿＿walk.
A. a four hour
B.a four hour’s
C. a four-hours
D. a four hours’
5.Her father returned home after five years’absence.（）
Her father returned home after five year’s absence.（）
总结：表示时间、距离等无生命的名词的所有格是在后面直接加或.
6.他是我们学校的一名学生。
Their school’s students went for a picnic yesterday.（）
The students of their school went for a picnic yesterday.（）
总结：表示无生命的名词一般用短语表示所有关系.
7.这是我妈妈的一张照片
This is a photo of my mother’s.（）This is a photo of my mother.（）
总结：Of 所有格用名词普通格或人称代词宾格，双重所有格中of后用或物主代词。而picture,photo,portrait等词用of所有格侧重同位关系，用双重所有格侧重所有与部分关系。.我妻子的一个朋友我的一个朋友
[知识积累]
名词常见后缀集锦
1
2
【考点突破】
考点1名词词义辨析，包括同缀、形近、意近和无关联词
1.There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some______and then let me know.
A.thought
B.support
C.protection
D.authority
2.One of the most effective ways to reduce ________ is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
A.production
B.stress
C.energy
D.power
3.Some schools will have to make ________ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A.judgments
B.adjustments
https://www.360docs.net/doc/c64654580.html,ments
D.achievements
4.—Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.
—I’d like to，but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ________.
A．requests B．excusesC．apologies D．regrets
5.When he was running after his brother，the boy lost his ________ and had a bad fall.
A．balance B．chanceC．memory D．place
6.He gave himself a new name to hide his ________ when he went to carry out the secret task. A．emotion B．talentC．identity D．treasure
7.When Richard said，“You are much more agreeable and prettier now，” Joan’s face turned red at the unexpected ________.
A．command B．comparisonC．compliment D．contribution
8.Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ________ of power.
A．source B．senseC．result D．root
考点归纳
名词词义辨析是高考的热点，主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力，因而在记忆单词时，一定要结合语境体会其意义。近几年考查的名词词义辨析主要有以下几种形式：
1．“同缀”词的词义辨析，即相同词缀的名词辨析。近几年高考中常出现的有：
①expression (表情) attention (注意)satisfaction (满意) impression (印象)
②accommodation (住宿) occupation (职业)adaptation (适应，改编) appreciation (欣赏)
③equipment (设备) arrangement (安排)assessment (评估，估算) entertainment (娱乐)
④consequence(后果) independence (独立)competence(能力，权限) intelligence (智力) 2．“形近”词的词义辨析，近几年高考中常出现的形近词有：
①command (命令) comparison (比较)compliment (赞美) contribution (贡献)
②commitm ent (承诺，保证) competition (竞争)ambition (野心) accompany (陪伴)
3．“意近”词的词义辨析，近几年高考中常出现的意近词有：
①advice；question；offer；idea②anger；rudeness；regret；panic(惊慌)
4．“无关联”词的词义辨析，近几年高考中出现的有：
①symbol (象征) portrait (肖像)identity (身份) statue (雕像)
②difference(差异) comparison(比较)connection(连接) barrier(屏障，障碍)
③luck(运气) value(价值)time(时间) fact(事实)
考点2名词的一词多义与熟词新义
1.—Can you tell us your ________ for happiness and a long life?
—Living every day to the full，definitely.
A．recipe B．recordC．range D．receipt
2.The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight ________ of rain later tonight.
A．effect B．senseC．change D．chance
3.The failure was a big ________ to him，but he wasn’t discouraged and so on got as enthusiastic as ever.A.blow B.issue C.excuse D.factor
4.—Could you tell me the ________ of making such tasty cakes?
—Well，I just follow the directions in the cookbook.
A．feature B．planC．cost D．trick
考点归纳
名词的一词多义与熟词新义是考查的重点和难点。掌握熟词新义重在多阅读、多积累。
Those who suffer from headache will find they get relief from this medicine.
患头疼的人会发现通过使用这种药，他们的头疼会得到缓解。
relief的常见含义为“安慰，宽慰”，此处表示“缓解”。
考点3抽象名词具体化
抽象名词具体化通常可分为以下四类：
词。常用短语、句型如下：
have a wonderful supper；have a bright future；have a good time；have a population of；have a good knowledge/understanding of；have an income of；receive a good education；receive a warm welcome；cover an area of；reach a height of；It’s a waste of time/money；It’s a great help to me.；It’s a pity that...
三、表示具体动作意义的抽象名词，加a/an与某些动词(have，take，make，give)等词连用时，表示某一次短暂的动作。
have a swim/rest/look/trip/discussion/smoke/wash/sleep；take a walk/
bath；give/take a try；make an advance/an early start/an apology；take/have a great interest；go out for
a walk
四、接同源宾语的短语，通常名词表示具体化意义。
die a heroic death；live/lead a happy/simple/hard/poor/bitter life；dream a strange dream
【方法总结】
名词解题方法
方法1利用固定搭配和习惯表达
It is said that dogs will keep you ________ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.
A. safety
https://www.360docs.net/doc/c64654580.html,pany
C.house
D.friend
方法2利用句子的平衡、对比等结构
To make members of a team perform better，the trainer first of all has to know their ________ and weaknesses.
A．strengths B．benefitsC．techniques D．values
方法3充分把握具体的语境
Always read the ________ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. A．explanations B．instructionsC．descriptions D．introductions
【扩展交流】
①(2015·四川高考)As I told you last
time, I made three new friend here. ②____________(1)可数名词单复数的错用
①可数名词前有数词、数量词、
②(2015·陕西高考)Mum taught me some basic step of baking.I insisted on doing most of the baking myself. some或one of ...等修饰，则该名词应用复数形式；
②在指示代词this, that后用单数名词；在these, those后用复数名词。
①(2014·辽宁高考)We’ve called several time about Cleo’s early
morning barking.
②(2016·长春市质检)Looking back on the progresses that I have made so far, I really appre ciate your support. ①____________
②____________
(2)混淆名词的可数与不可数
①有些词既可作可数名词又可作不
可数名词，例如time表示“次数”为
可数名词，表示“时间”为不可数名
词；experience表示“经历”时为可数
名词，表示“经验”时为不可数名词；
②误把不可数名词当作可数名词，
例如纯抽象名词：progress,
luggage/baggage, advice, weather,
information, equipment, furniture等
都只能用作不可数名词。
(2016·济宁市一模)I’ve learned
English for so long that I can communicate with native speakers of English without difficult. _______________
______________
(3)词性错用
误把动词、形容词等当作名词。
[典题精选] [我来改正] [常设误点] ①(2014·陕西高考)That day I didn’t
learn much about animals, insects
or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!
②(2016·邢台市高三摸底考试)But he had only an 100-yuan note.
③(2016·嘉峪关市一中三模)He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted. ①___________
②____________
_
③_________
(1)不定冠词a和an的错用
①在元音音素前应用不定冠词an；
②在辅音音素前应用不定冠词a；
③有些单词以元音字母开头但却是
以辅音音素开头，前面应用冠词a
而不用an；还有一些单词以辅音字
母开头但却是以元音音素开头，前
面应用冠词an而不用a。
①(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)One day, little Tony went to a shopping center
with his parents ... A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.
②(2016·郑州二模)Most of us feel nervous whenever we’re taking the important exam. ①____________
_
②__________
(2)不定冠词a(n)和定冠词the的错用
①表示特指时用定冠词the；
②表示泛指时用不定冠词a(n)。
①(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)This custom soon became another meal of day.
②(2016·江西九校联考)Forrest Gump was born in small village. ①____________
_
②____________
_
(3)单数可数名词前冠词的缺失
一般情况下，单数可数名词前应有
适当的冠词a(n)或the。a(n)表示类
指或泛指，the 表示特指。
①(2013·浙江高考)Tomorrow is first day of school. ①____________
_
(4)定冠词the的缺失
①在序数词前常用定冠词the；
②(2016·衡水一中模拟)In order to realize his dream, Bill Gates, richest man in the world, gave up studying in Harvard University. ②____________
_
②在形容词最高级前也常用定冠词
the。
①(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)There
are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.
②(2016·南昌市一模)I think it’s a great fun and I can make more friends. ①____________
_
②____________
_
(5)冠词的多余
可数名词复数或不可数名词表示泛
指时不用冠词。
①(2015·浙江高考)I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry
in the morning.
②(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)As result, the plants are growing everywhere. ①_________
②__________
(6)常见固定搭配中冠词的缺失与多
余
在固定搭配中，有的用不定冠词
a(n)，有的用定冠词the，而有的不
带任何冠词，如：in a hurry, on the
right, in fact, as a result等。
【当堂达标】
1.(2016·高考全国乙卷语法填空)The nursery team switches him every few _____(day) with his sister ... 2．(2016·高考全国甲卷语法填空)Recent _______(study) show that we are far more productive at work ... 3．(2016·高考全国甲卷短文改错)If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books._____________________________
4．(2016·高考全国丙卷短文改错)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. 5．(2016·高考全国乙卷语法填空)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed，__________ other is with mum—she never suspects.
6．(2016·高考全国甲卷语法填空)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ___________ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.
7．(2016·高考全国乙卷短文改错)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time. ________________________________
8．(2016·高考全国甲卷短文改错)But in that case，we will learn little about world.
9．(2016·高考全国丙卷短文改错)At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. ___________________________________
10．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _______________ (painting)．
11．(2014·高考辽宁卷语法填空)Unbelievable！Oh...，if you don't mind，I'll stop and take a deep ．12．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 13．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. 14．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day. ______________________
15．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _________ most modern of architects and engineers.
高中英语语法易错题专题复习练习
高中英语语法易错题专题复习练习 1. My uncle bought me ___ MP4 as my birthday present yesterday. A. an B. a C. the D. / 【答案】A 【解析】此题题意为“叔叔昨天给我买了一个MP4 作为生日礼物”，故答案在A 和B 中选择，MP4 的首字母M 发音为元音，和首字母M 是辅音没有关系，故答案为A。 2. We decided to buy the flat because there was ____ underground station within walking distance and we could both take ___ underground to work. A. a, an B. an, an C. the, \ D. an, the 【答案】D 【解析】此题第一个空根据句意判断有一个地铁站，又根据underground 的发音 判断首字母发元音，故答案为an；第二个空考查乘地铁的两种说法by underground & take an underground，但是此处考查的是特指乘公寓附近的这个地铁去上班， 故要填the，综合两空答案为D 3. Gold is similar __ color ___ brass（黄铜）.
A. in, with B. in, to C. of, with D. of, to 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查similar 的搭配， A be similar to B ，相似于 A be the same with B，有一定混淆性，另外表达在某方面相似，搭配介词in，故答案为B。 4. What a dangerous scene! A car has missed the boy playing on the roadside __ only an inch. A. within B. for C. by D. at 【答案】C 【解析】本题题意为“一辆车差一点撞到那个在路边玩耍的男孩”，容易误导学生错选 A ，表示在一英寸以内，而真实意思是差一英尺，在英语中表示增长、降低、或者差距的正确表达是by+数字，故答案为C。 5. The girl has some balloons in her hand. One is red, ___ are yellow. A. others B. another C. the other D. the rest 【答案】D 【解析】此题题意为“那个女孩手上有一些气球，一个是红色的，其余的是黄色
高中英语语法总结大全-形容词和副词
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什么是语法？ +表语 +宾语 +间接宾语+直接宾语 +宾语+宾语补足语 to/-ing s not
一般现在时vs.一般过去时
一般将来时 将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的 动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经 常或者重复发生的动作，常与表示 将来的时间副词连用，例如：soon, next week, this afternoon, tomorrow We will graduate next year. 我们明年毕业。
进行时(1) (V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing)?
进行时(2)
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B. Tom’s and Sam C. Tom and Sam’s D. Tom’s and Sam’s 3. —Do you know how many ___a horse has and how many _____ a bee has? —Of course I know. A. teeth; feet B. tooth; foot C. foot; teeth D. teeth; foot 4. __________ woman in a purple skirt is Betty’s mother. A. The B. A C. An D. / 5. Now telephones are very popular and they are much ______ than before.
A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheaper 6. —Hi, Tom. Is your brother as active as you? —No, he’s a quiet boy. He is _________. A. less outgoing than me B. not so calm as C. more active than I D. as outgoing as I 7. English ____ in many countries, but Chinese ____ their own language.
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