高二7、8班第15周周末练习(生态学部分)

高二7、8班第15周周末练习(生态学部分)
高二7、8班第15周周末练习(生态学部分)

高二7、8班第15周周末练习(生态学部分)

1.下列哪项是不能在生物之间循环的?

A.矿物质 B.碳 C.能量 D.水分

2.原生演替和次生演替的主要区别是

A.影响因素不同 B.起始条件不同 C.产生的植物种群不同 D.产生的生物数量不同3.下图为生态系统中能量流动图解部分示意图,①②③④⑤各代表一定的能量值,下列各项中正确的是

A.第三营养级流向第四营养级的能量传递效率为((③+④)/②)×100%

B.图中④包含了次级消费者粪便中的能量

C.食物链的中各营养级获得能量的方式及能量的用途完全相同

D.在人工饲养的高产鱼塘中初级消费者获得的总能量往往大于⑤

4.要想比较经济的利用生产者固定的太阳能,应选择下列哪项作为食物的来源A.蔬菜和小麦B.小麦和猪肉C.猪肉和草鱼D.牛肉和鸡蛋

5.在分析种群年龄特点时,可将种群分为生殖前期(甲)、生殖期(乙)及生殖后期(丙)三个年龄层,比较这三个年龄层成员数量在种群中所占的比例,可推测该种群未来的成长情形。下列哪一选项最可能是濒危物种的种群

A.甲>乙>丙 B.甲<乙<丙 C.甲=乙=丙 D.甲>乙=丙

6.某海滩黄泥螺种群现存量约3000吨,正常状况下,每年该种群最多可增加300吨,为充分利用黄泥螺资源,又不影响可持续发展,理论上每年最多捕捞黄泥螺的量为

A.不超过300吨 B.1650吨 C.1500吨 D.3000吨

7.2008年12月23日,大陆赠送的大熊猫团团和圆圆顺利到达台湾。下列关于大熊猫的说法正确的是A.大熊猫数量少是因为它处于第四营养级以上,获得的能量少

B.如果把团团和圆圆引入东北长白山自然保护区,大熊猫的数量会呈指数增长

C.如果大熊猫灭绝,人类就会失去这个物种的基因库

D.大熊猫的人工受精成功,说明了大熊猫自然保护区没有存在的必要了

8.在生态系统中,连接生物和无机环境的两个重要组成成分及主要生理过程分别是:

A.生产者、非生物的物质和能量;光合作用、呼吸作用

B.消费者、有机物质;呼吸作用、光合作用

C.生产者、消费者;光合作用、呼吸作用

D.生产者、分解者;光合作用、呼吸作用

9.为缓解人口增长带来的世界性粮食紧张状况,人类可以适当改变膳食结构。若将(草食)动物性与植物性食物的比例由1:1调整为1:3,地球可供养的人口数量是原来的倍。(能量传递效率按

10%计算,结果精确到小数点后两位数字)

A.1.49 B.1.69 C.1.96 D.3.00

10.如下图表示某生态系统中4种成分之间的关系。

以下相关叙述中,正确的是

A.1和2包含着所有种群构成的群落

B.3代表的一定是原核生物

C.①代表光合作用,②代表呼吸作用

D.4可以表示大气中的CO

2

11.在某池塘中,第一次捕获鲫鱼106条,做上标记后放回,第二次捕获鲫鱼91条,其中有标记的25条。请估算这个池塘中共有鲫鱼多少条?

A .386条

B .286条

C .186条

D .86条

12.图甲是生态系统中碳循环示意图,图中“→”表示碳元素的流动方向。

(1)在图甲表示的生态系统中,分解者是 (字母),C →A 表示的生理过程是___ _。 (2)碳元素在生物群落和无机环境之间的循环主要是以____ ____形式进行的。

(3)用图乙表示该生态系统的能量金字塔,请将碳循环示意图中相应字母填在对应的营养级中。 (4)若该生态系统能量流动传递效率为10%,下列对此理解正确的是 。

A .上一营养级约有10%的个体被下一营养级吃掉

B .上一营养级约有10%的能量流到下一营养级

C .每一营养级通过呼吸作用消耗的能量为90%

D .分解者能量约占生产者能量的10%

13.农田施肥不仅可以对农作物的生长发育产生影响,同时也能影响农田杂草群落的多样性,进而影响杂

草种子库的多样性。下表为长期不同处理下土壤杂草种子库的主要组成,请分析回答:

注: “0”表示杂草种子在处理区没有出现,不考虑不同种子萌发率的差异。

(1)从表中数据分析可知:

① 不同处理区的杂草物种组成是不同的,但优势种是相同的,即是 。

在 处理区(即不同施肥组合)的物种丰富度最大。

② 在各处理区 种子数量无显著差异,表明上述处理对该物种没有明显的选择作用。 (2)通过以上数据分析可以得出 和 影响杂草种子库的多样性。

(3)此农田生态系统若没有人工管理将会出现 现象。在自然情况下,这一变化发展的趋势是

物种越来越 、结构越来越 、功能越来越完善,直至达到 。 参考答案:1——11 C B D A B A C D B D A

12.(1)B 光合作用 (2)CO 2(3) 见右图 (4)B 13.(1)①碎米莎草 N 、P 、K ②水虱草 (2)是否施肥 不同施肥组合

(3)群落演替 多样 复杂 顶极群落(稳态)

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