高中英语教学文档
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Unit 1 Festivals around the worldFESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONSFestivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At thattime people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.Festivals of the deadSome festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebratethe Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones”on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children ’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.Festivals to Honour PeopleFestivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus inthe New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.Harvest FestivalsHarvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together tohave meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China andJapan have mid-autumn festivals when people admire the moon and in China enjoy moon-cakes.Spring FestivalsThe most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of al kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.A SAD LOVE STORYLI Fang was heart-broken. It was Valentine ’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. But she didn’tturn up. She could be with her friends right now laughing at him. She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word. He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool. Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would drown his sadness in coffee.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave - he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV - just what Li Fang needed! A sad Chinese story about lost love.The granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth. Her name was Zhin ü,the weaving girl. While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. (“Just like me and Hu Jin,” thought Li Fang.) They got married secretly, and they were very happy. (“We could be like that,”thought Li Fang.) When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven. Niu Lang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milky Way, stopped him. Finding that Zhin wasüheart-broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year. Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. People in China hope that the weatherwill be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that Zhin is weeping and the couple won’tbe able to meet.The announcer said, “This is the story of Qiqiao Festival. When foreigners hear about the story, they call it a Chinese Valentine ’s story. It’s a fine day today, so I hope you can call all meet the one you love”.As Li Fang set off for home, he thought, “Iguess Hu Jin doesn’tlove me. I’ll just throw these flowers and chocolates away. I don’twant them to remind me of her.”So he did.As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he heard a voice calling him. There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling, “Why are you so late? I’ve been waiting for you for a long time! And I have a gift for you!”What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine gifts! She would never forgive him. This would not be a happy Valentine’s Day!Unit 2 Healthy eatingCOME AND EAT HERE (I)Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. It had bee n a very strange morning. Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of barbecued mutton kebabs, roast pork, stir-fried vegetables and fried ric e. Then by lunchtime they would all be sold. By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. But not today! Why was that? What could have happened? He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon cooked in the hottest, fi nest oil. His cola was sugary and cold, and his ice cream was made of mil k, cream and delicious fruit. “Nothing could be better,” he thought. Su ddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by. “Hello, Lao Li, ” he cal led. “Your usual?” But Li Chang seemed not to hear. What was the ma tter? Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming toeat in his restaurant as he always did.Wang Peng followed Li Chang into a new small restaurant. He saw a sig n at the door.Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight?Come inside Yong Hui's slimming restaurant.Only slimming foods served here.Make yourself thin again!Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside. It was full of people. The hostess, a very thin lady, came forward. “Welcome,” she said.“My name is Yo ng Hui.I ’ll help you lose weight and be fit in two weeks if you eat here e very day.” Then she gave a menu to Wang Peng. There were few choice s of food and drink on it: just rice, raw vegetables served in vinegar, fruit and water. Wang Peng was amazed at this and especially at the prices. It cost more than a good meal in his restaurant! He could not believe his ey es. He threw down the menu and hurried outside. On his way home he th ought about his own menu. Did it make people fat? Perhaps he should go to the library and find out. He could not have Yong Hui getting away wit h telling people lies! He had better do some research!At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui’s far too little. Even though her customer s might get thin after eating Yong Hui’s food, they were not eating enoug h energy-giving food to keep them fit. They would become tired very qui ckly. Wang Peng felt more hopeful as he drove back home. Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back. So he wrote: Want to feel fit and energetic?Come and eat here! Discounts today! Our food gives you energy all day !The competition between the two restaurants was on!COME AND EAT HERE (II)A week later, Wang Peng’s restaurant was nearly full and he felt happi er. Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to cl ose his restaurant. He did not look forward to being in debt because his r estaurant was no longer popular. He smiled as he welcomed some custom ers warmly at the door but the smile left his face when he saw Yong Hui walking in. She did not look happy but glared at him. “May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant the other day? I thought you were a new customer and now I know that you only came to spy on me and my men u,” she shouted.“Please excuse me,” he calmly explained, “I wanted to know where all my customers had gone last week. I followed one of them and found them in your restaurant. I don’twant to upset you, but I f ound your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertisin g the benefits of my food. Why don’tyou sit down and try a meal?”Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying dumplings a nd breast of chicken cooked with garlic. When they were served the icec ream, Yong Hui began to look ill. “ I feel sick with all this fat and heavy food,” she said,“I miss my vegetables and fruit”. Wang Peng was enj oying a second plate of dumplings so he sighed“.Yes,” he added,“an d I would miss my dumplings and fatty pork. Don,t you get tired quickly ?” “Well, I do have to rest a lot,” admitted Yong Hui. “But don’tyo u think it would be better if you were a bit thinner? I’m sure you’d feel m uch healthier.”They began to talk about menus and balanced diets“. According to my research, neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet,” expla ined Wang Peng.“I don’toffer enough fibre and you don’toffer enough body-building and energy-giving food. Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full of energy and fibre”. So that is what they did. They served raw vegetables with the hamburger s and boiled the potatoes rather than fried them. They served fresh fruit w ith the ice cream. In this way they cut down the fat and increased thefibre in the meal. Their balanced diets became such a success that before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight. After so me time the two found that their business cooperation had turned into a p ersonal one. Finally they got married and live happily ever after.Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank NoteTHE MILLION POUND BANK NOTEAct I, Scene 3NARRATOR: It is the summer of 1903. Two old and wealthy brothers, Roderick and Oliver, have made a bet. Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London. His brother Roderick doubts it. At this moment, they see a penniless young man wandering on the pavement outside their house. It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.RODERICK:Young man, would you step inside a moment, please? HENRY:Who? Me, sir?RODERICK:Yes, you.OLIVER:Through the front door on your left.HENRY: (a servant opens a door)Thanks.SERVANT:Good morning, sir. Would you please come in? Permit me to lead the way, sir.OLIVER:(Henry enters) Thank you, James. That will be all. RODERICK:How do you do, Mr ⋯ er ⋯?HENRY:Adams. Henry Adams.OLIVER:Come and sit down, Mr Adams.HENRY:Thank you.RODERICK:Your are an American?HENRY:That’s right, from San Francisco.RODERICK:How well do you know London?HENRY:Not at all. It’s my first trip here.RODERICK:I wonder, Mr Adams, if you mind us asking a fewquestions?HENRY:Not at all. Go right ahead.RODERICK:May we ask what you ’re doing in this country and what your plans are?HENRY:Well, I can’tsay that I have any plans. I’m hoping to find work. As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident.RODERICK:How is that possible?HENRY:Well, you see, back home I have my own boat. About a month ago, I was sailing out of the bay⋯ (his eyesstare at what is left of the brothers’dinner on the table) OLIVER:Well, go on.HENRY:Oh, yes. Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.It was all my fault. I didn’tknow whether I could survive until morning. The next morning I ’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.OLIVER:And it was the ship that brought you to England. HENRY:Yes. The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance. I went tothe American embassy to seek help, but⋯(the brotherssmile at each other)RODERICK:Well, you mustn’tworry about that. It’s an advantage. HENRY:I’m afraid I don’tquite follow you, sir.RODERICK:Tell us, Mr Adams, what sort of work did you do in America?HENRY:I worked for a mining company. Could you offer me some kind of work here?RODERICK:Patience, Mr Adams. If you don’tmind, may I ask how much money you have?HENRY:Well, to be honest, I have none.RODERICK:(happily) What luck! Brother, what luck! (claps his hands together)HENRY:Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me! On the contrary, in fact. If this is your idea of some kind of joke,I don’tthink it ’s very funny. (Henry stands up to leave)Now if you ’ll excuse me, I think I’ll be on my way. RODERICK:Please don’tgo Mr Adams. You mustn’tthink we don’t care about you. Oliver, give him the letter.OLIVER:Yes, the letter. (gets it from a desk and gives it to Henry like a gift) The letter.HENRY:(taking it carefully) For me?RODERICK:For you. (Henry starts to open it) Oh, no, you mustn’t open it. Not yet. You can’t open it until two o’clock. HENRY:Oh, this is silly.RODERICK:Not silly. There’s money in it. (calls to the servant) James?HENRY:Oh, no. I don’twant your charity. I just want an honest job.RODERICK:We know you’re hard-working. That’s why we have given you the letter. James,show Mr Adams out.OLIVER:Good luck, Mr Adams.HENRY:Well, why don’tyou explain what this is all about? RODERICK:You’ll soon know. (looks at the clock) In exactly an hour and a half.SERVANT: RODERICK: HENRY:Act I, Scene 4This way, sir.Mr Adams, not until 2 o’clock. Promise? Promise. Goodbye.(Outside a restaurant Henry looks at the envelope without opening it and decide to go in. He sits down at a table next to the front window.) OWNER: (seeing Henry’s poor appearance) That one’s reserved. This way, please. (to the waiter) Take this gentleman’s order, Horace. HENRY:(after sitting down and putting the letter on the table) I ’d like some ham and eggs and a nice big steak. Make it extra thick.’dI also like a cup of coffee and a pineapple dessert.WAITER:Right, sir. I’m afraid it’ll cost a large amount of money. HENRY:I understand. And i’ll have a large glass of beer. WAITER: OK. (The waiter leaves and soon returns with all the food.) HOSTESS: My goodness! Why, look at him. He eats like a wolf. OWNER: We’ll see if he’s clever as a wolf, eh?HENRY: (having just finished every bit of food) Ah, waiter. (the waiter returns) Same thing again, please. Oh, and another beer. WAITER: Again? Everything?HENRY: Yes, that’s right. (sees the look on the waiter’s face) Anything wrong?WAITER: No, not at all. (to the owner) He’s asked for more of the same.OWNER: Well, it is well-known that Americans like to eat a lot. Well, we’ll have to take a chance. Go ahead and let him have it.WAITER: (reading the bill after the meal) All right. That ’s two orders of ham and eggs, two extra thick steaks, two large glasses of beer, two cups of coffee and two desserts.HENRY: (looking at the clock on the wall) Would you mind waiting just a few minutes?WAITER: (in a rude manner) What’s there to wait for?OWNER: All right, Horace. I ’ll take care of this.HENRY: (to the owner) That was a wonderful meal. It ’s amazing how much pleasure you get out of the simple things in life, especially if you can’thave them for a while.OWNER: Yes, very interesting. Now perhaps, sir, if you pay your billI can help the other customers.HENRY: (looking at the clock on the wall again) Well, I see it’s two o’clock. (he opens the envelope and holds a million pound bank note in his hands. Henry is surprised but the owner and the waiter are shocked) I ’m very sorry. But ⋯ I ⋯ I don’thave anything smaller.OWNER: (still shocked and nervous) Well, ⋯ er ⋯ just one moment. Maggie, look! (the hostess screams, the other customers look at her and she puts a hand to her mouth)Do you think it ’s genuine? HOSTESS: Oh, dear, I don’tknow. I simply don’tknow.OWNER: Well, I did hear that the Bank of England had issued two notes in this amount ⋯ Anyway, I don ’tthink it ’s a fake. People would pay too much attention to a bank note of this amount. No thief would want that to happen.HOSTESS: But he’s in rags!OWNER: Perhaps he’s a very strange, rich man. (as if he has discovered something for the first time) Why, yes! That must be it! HOSTESS: (hits her husband’sarm) And you put him in the back ofthe restaurant! Go and see him at once.OWNER: (to Henry) I ’m so sorry, sir, so sorry, but I cannot change this bank note.HENRY: But it ’s all I have on me.OWNER: Oh, please, don’tworry, sir. Doesn’tmatter at all. We’re so very glad that you even entered our little eating place. Indeed, sir, I hope you’ll come here whenever you like.HENRY: Well, that’s very kind of you.OWNER: Kind, sir? No, it ’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour! As for the bill, sir, please forget it.HENRY: Forget it? Well ⋯ thank you very much. That’s very nice of you.OWNER: Oh, it ’s for us to thank you, sir and I do, sir, from the bottomof my heart. (The owner, the hostess and the waiter all bow as Henry leaves.)Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsHOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTHNo one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe beganwith a “Big Bang ”that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produceda chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by laying eggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, nowwith hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.A VISIT TO THE MOONLast month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. We visited the moon in our spaceship!Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful. Then we were off. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth ’s gravity. It was so hard that we could not say anythingto each other. Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him. “Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground. ”I asked. “We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull,”he explained, “so we feel as if no gravity at all. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, butit will not be as strong a pull as the earth ’s.”I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately. “Come on,”I said. “If you are right, my weight will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely. I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough. I shall certainly weigh less!”I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship. But when I tried to step forward. I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. “Oh dear,”I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.Leaving the moon’s gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth ’s. But returning to the earth was very frightening. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased. Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came backto land. “That was very exhausting but very exciting too, ”I said. “Now I know much more about gravity! Do you think we could visit some stars next time?”“Of course,”he smiled, “which star would you like to go to?”Unit 5 CANADA-“THE TRUE NORTH”A TRIP ON “THE TRUE NORTH”Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then takethe train from west to east across Canada. The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport. He was going to take them and their baggage to catch“The True North”, the cross-Canadatrain. On the way to the station, he chatted about their trip.“You’re going to see some great scenery. Going eastward, you’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. Here in Vancouver, you’re in Canada’s warmest part. People say it is Canada’s most popular cities to live in. Its population is increasing rapidly. The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres”.That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats. Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. Their next stop was Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede. Cowboys from all over the world come to compete in the Stampede. Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.After two days ’travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty. At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and Canada’s population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country. They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres. After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes. The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes. Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world. In fact, it has one-thirdof the world’s total fresh water, and much of it is in the Great Lakes.That night as they slept, the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto.“THE TRUE NORTH”FROM TORONTO TO MONTREALThe next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows werered, gold and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the biggest and most wealthy city in Canada. They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city. They went up the tall CN Tower and looked across the lake. In the distance, they could see the misty cloud thatrose from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. The water flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea.They saw the covered stadium, home of several famous basketball teams. As they walked north from the harbour area, Li Daiyu said, “Lin Fei, one of my mother ’s old schoolmates, lives here. I should phone her from a telephone booth”.They met Lin Fei around dusk in downtown Chinatown, one of the three in Toronto. Over dinner at a restaurant called The Pink Pearl, the cousins chatted with Lin Fei, who had moved to Canada many years earlier. “We can get good Cantonese food here,”Lin Fei told them, “because most of the Chinese people here come from South China, especially Hong Kong. It ’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa, Canada’s capital. It’s approximately four hundred kilometres northeastof Toronto, so it would take too long.”The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal at dawn the next morning. At the station, people everywhere were speaking French. There were signs and ads in French, but some of them had English words in smaller letters. “We don’tleave until this evening,”said Liu Qian. “Let’s go downtown. Old Montreal is close to the water.”They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workplaces beside the water. As they sat in a buffet restaurant looking over the broad St Lawrence River, a young man sat down with them.“Hello, my name is Henri. I’m a student at the university nearby,”he said, “and I was wondering where you are from.”The girls told him they were on a train trip across Canada and that they had only one day in Montreal. “That’s too bad,”he said. “Montreal is a city with wonderful restaurants and clubs. Most of us speak both English and French, but the。
学习风格分析与高中英语教学精品文档4页
学习风格分析与高中英语教学现代教育学和心理学把人的个性差异分为三部分：智力和已有知识；成就动机及其相应的个性特征；学习风格。
这三者中学习风格对学习过程所起的作用更为直接。
英语教师如果了解学习者不同认知方式的结构模型分类，针对不同的学习任务、不同的学习环境，注意发挥学生特长，并相应地对学生的学习策略和学习风格加以引导，将对学习者的英语学习起到积极的促进作用。
一、学习风格的分类学习风格是学生与学习环境相互作用时表现出来的一种经常的、稳定的行为，不同的学习目的和任务、不同的学习环境需要不同的学习风格和学习策略。
Reid从学生的感知和认知等方面出发，把学习风格分为以下几种类型。
1.视觉型：这种学习者通过视觉的渠道来感知新信息、新内容，他们倾向于通过阅读，看图片、看录像、记笔记等进行学习，而对谈话、口头解说等没有视像辅助的学习内容感到模糊不清，难以理解。
2.听觉型：这种学习者喜欢通过听讲座、听录音，以及与人交谈来进行学习。
课堂上的交流活动、角色扮演等能引起他们极大的兴趣，他们通过谈话的方式学习时，效果最佳，在朗读和歌唱上表现出众，然而对书面的东西有时却很吃力。
3.场依赖型和场独立型：场依赖型的学习者倾向于从宏观上考虑问题，有一个整体的认知方式，社会敏感性强，好交易，易合群，易受群体观念的影响，有移情的特点。
而场独立型的学习者则以自我为参照系统，在学习中善于排除干扰，具有独立性，倾向于分析，社会交往能力较弱。
4.审慎型和冲动型：审慎型的学习者在回答问题或作出决定前，往往进行全面周密的考虑，仔细估量每一种的可能性，犯错误少，但形成要领的速度慢。
冲动性的学习者回答老师的问题时，往往连续说出几个答案，希望答对一个，或是急于听到老师给出的答案，不耐烦作出更多的思考，他们形成概念的速度快，犯的错误也多。
5.内向型和外向型：一般认为性格外向者，由于敢于冒险，乐于做大量的口语练习，能积极参加语言活动并寻求更多的学习机会，由此更有利于语言学习；而性格内向者由于自我约束太多，不能参加语言学习活动，从而失去许多机会，因此不利于语言学习。
人教版高中英语必修三课文电子文档
Unit 1 Festivals around the worldFESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONSFestivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.Festivals of the deadSome festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones”on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.Festivals to Honour PeopleFestivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.Harvest FestivalsHarvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together tohave meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals when people admire the moon and in China enjoy moon-cakes.Spring FestivalsThe most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of al kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.A SAD LOVE STORYLI Fang was heart-broken. It was Valentine’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. But she didn’t turn up. She could be with her friends right now laughing at him. She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word. He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool. Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would drown his sadness in coffee.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave - he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV - just what Li Fang needed! A sad Chinese story about lost love.The granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth. Her name was Zhinü, the weaving girl. While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. (“Just like me and Hu Jin,”thought Li Fang.) They got married secretly, and they were very happy. (“We could be like that,” thought Li Fang.) When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven. Niu Lang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milky Way, stopped him. Finding that Zhinü was heart-broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year. Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. People in China hope that the weather will be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that Zhinü is weeping and the couple won’t be able to meet.The announcer said, “This is the story of Qiqiao Festival. When foreigners hear about the story, they call it a Chinese Valentine’s story. It’s a fine day today, so I hope you can call all meet the one you love.”As Li Fang set off for home, he thought, “I guess Hu Jin doesn’t love me. I’ll just throw these flowers and chocolates away. I don’t want them to remind me of her.” So he did.As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he heard a voice calling him. There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling, “Why are you so late? I’ve been waiting for you for a long time! And I have a gift for you!”What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine gifts! She would never forgive him. This would not be a happy Valentine’s Day!Unit 2 Healthy eatingCOME AND EAT HERE (I)Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. It had bee n a very strange morning. Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of barbecued mutton kebabs, roast pork, stir-fried vegetables and fried ric e. Then by lunchtime they would all be sold. By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. But not today! Why was that? What could have happened? He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon cooked in the hottest, fi nest oil. His cola was sugary and cold, and his ice cream was made of mil k, cream and delicious fruit. “Nothing could be better,” he thought. Su ddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by. “Hello, Lao Li,” he cal led. “Your usual?” But Li Chang seemed not to hear. What was the ma tter? Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.Wang Peng followed Li Chang into a new small restaurant. He saw a sig n at the door.Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight?Come inside Yong Hui's slimming restaurant.Only slimming foods served here.Make yourself thin again!Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside. It was full of people. The hostess, a very thin lady, came forward. “Welcome,” she said. “My name is Yo ng Hui. I’ll help you lose weight and be fit in two weeks if you eat here e very day.” Then she gave a menu to Wang Peng. There were few choice s of food and drink on it: just rice, raw vegetables served in vinegar, fruit and water. Wang Peng was amazed at this and especially at the prices. It cost more than a good meal in his restaurant! He could not believe his ey es. He threw down the menu and hurried outside. On his way home he th ought about his own menu. Did it make people fat? Perhaps he should go to the library and find out. He could not have Yong Hui getting away wit h telling people lies! He had better do some research!At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui’s far too little. Even though her customer s might get thin after eating Yong Hui’s food, they were not eating enoug h energy-giving food to keep them fit. They would become tired very qui ckly. Wang Peng felt more hopeful as he drove back home. Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back. So he wrote: Want to feel fit and energetic?Come and eat here! Discounts today! Our food gives you energy all day ! The competition between the two restaurants was on!COME AND EAT HERE (II)A week later, Wang Peng’s restaurant was nearly full and he felt happi er. Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to cl ose his restaurant. He did not look forward to being in debt because his r estaurant was no longer popular. He smiled as he welcomed some custom ers warmly at the door but the smile left his face when he saw Yong Hui walking in. She did not look happy but glared at him. “May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant the other day? I thought you were a new customer and now I know that you only came to spy on me and my men u,” she shouted. “Please excuse me,” he calmly explained, “I wante d to know where all my customers had gone last week. I followed one of them and found them in your restaurant. I don’t want to upset you, but I f ound your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertisin g the benefits of my food. Why don’t you sit down and try a meal?”Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying dumplings a nd breast of chicken cooked with garlic. When they were served the ice c ream, Yong Hui began to look ill. “I feel sick with all this fat and heavy food,” she said, “I miss my vegetables and fruit.” Wang Peng was enj oying a second plate of dumplings so he sighed. “Yes,” he added, “an d I would miss my dumplings and fatty pork. Don,t you get tired quickly ?”“Well, I do have to rest a lot,” admitted Yong Hui. “But don’t yo u think it would be better if you were a bit thinner? I’m sure you’d feel m uch healthier.”They began to talk about menus and balanced diets. “According to my research, neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet,” expla ined Wang Peng. “I don’t offer enough fibre and you don’t offer enough body-building and energy-giving food. Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full of energy and fibre.”So that is what they did. They served raw vegetables with the hamburger s and boiled the potatoes rather than fried them. They served fresh fruit w ith the ice cream. In this way they cut down the fat and increased thefibre in the meal. Their balanced diets became such a success that before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight. After so me time the two found that their business cooperation had turned into a p ersonal one. Finally they got married and live happily ever after.Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank NoteTHE MILLION POUND BANK NOTEAct I, Scene 3NARRATOR: It is the summer of 1903. Two old and wealthy brothers, Roderick and Oliver, have made a bet. Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London. His brother Roderick doubts it. At this moment, they see a penniless young man wandering on the pavement outside their house. It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.RODERICK: Young man, would you step inside a moment, please? HENRY: Who? Me, sir?RODERICK: Yes, you.OLIVER: Through the front door on your left.HENRY: (a servant opens a door) Thanks.SERV ANT: Good morning, sir. Would you please come in? Permit me to lead the way, sir.OLIVER: (Henry enters) Thank you, James. That will be all. RODERICK: How do you do, Mr …er …?HENRY: Adams. Henry Adams.OLIVER: Come and sit down, Mr Adams.HENRY: Thank you.RODERICK: Your are an American?HENRY: That’s right, from San Francisco.RODERICK: How well do you know London?HENRY: Not at all. It’s my first trip here.RODERICK: I wonder, Mr Adams, if you mind us asking a few questions?HENRY: Not at all. Go right ahead.RODERICK: May we ask what you’re doing in this country and what your plans are?HENRY: Well, I can’t say that I have any plans. I’m hoping to find work. As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident.RODERICK: How is that possible?HENRY: Well, you see, back home I have my own boat. About a month ago, I was sailing out of the bay…(his eyes stare atwhat is left of the brothers’ dinner on the table)OLIVER: Well, go on.HENRY: Oh, yes. Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind. It was all my fault. I didn’t knowwhether I could survive until morning. The next morning I’djust about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by aship.OLIVER: And it was the ship that brought you to England. HENRY: Yes. The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance. I went tothe American embassy to seek help, but …(the brotherssmile at each other)RODERICK: Well, you mustn’t worry about that. It’s an advantage. HENRY: I’m afraid I don’t quite follow you, sir.RODERICK: Tell us, Mr Adams, what sort of work did you do in America?HENRY: I worked for a mining company. Could you offer me some kind of work here?RODERICK: Patience, Mr Adams. If you don’t mind, may I ask how much money you have?HENRY: Well, to be honest, I have none.RODERICK: (happily) What luck! Brother, what luck! (claps his hands together)HENRY: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me! On the contrary, in fact. If this is your idea of some kind of joke, Idon’t think it’s very funny. (Henry stands up to leave)Nowif you’ll excuse me, I think I’ll be on my way. RODERICK: Please don’t go Mr Adams. You mustn’t think we don’t care about you. Oliver, give him the letter.OLIVER: Yes, the letter. (gets it from a desk and gives it to Henry like a gift) The letter.HENRY: (taking it carefully) For me?RODERICK: For you. (Henry starts to open it)Oh, no, you mustn’t open it. Not yet. You can’t open it until two o’clock. HENRY: Oh, this is silly.RODERICK: Not silly. There’s money in it. (calls to the servant) James?HENRY: Oh, no. I don’t want your charity. I just want an honest job.RODERICK: We know you’re hard-working. That’s why we have given you the letter. James, show Mr Adams out.OLIVER: Good luck, Mr Adams.HENRY: Well, why don’t you explain what this is all about? RODERICK: You’ll soon know. (looks at the clock) In exactly an hour and a half.SERV ANT: This way, sir.RODERICK: Mr Adams, not until 2 o’clock. Promise?HENRY: Promise. Goodbye.Act I, Scene 4(Outside a restaurant Henry looks at the envelope without opening it and decide to go in. He sits down at a table next to the front window.) OWNER: (seeing Henry’s poor appearance) That one’s reserved. This way, please. (to the waiter) Take this gentleman’s order, Horace. HENRY: (after sitting down and putting the letter on the table) I’d like some ham and eggs and a nice big steak. Make it extra thick. I’d also like a cup of coffee and a pineapple dessert.W AITER: Right, sir. I’m afraid it’ll cost a large amount of money. HENRY: I understand. And i’ll have a large glass of beer.W AITER: OK. (The waiter leaves and soon returns with all the food.) HOSTESS: My goodness! Why, look at him. He eats like a wolf. OWNER: We’ll see if he’s clever as a wolf, eh?HENRY: (having just finished every bit of food) Ah, waiter. (the waiter returns) Same thing again, please. Oh, and another beer.W AITER: Again? Everything?HENRY: Yes, that’s right. (sees the look on the waiter’s face) Anything wrong?W AITER: No, not at all. (to the owner) He’s asked for more of the same. OWNER: Well, it is well-known that Americans like to eat a lot. Well, we’ll have to take a chance. Go ahead and let him have it.W AITER: (reading the bill after the meal) All right. That’s two orders of ham and eggs, two extra thick steaks, two large glasses of beer, two cups of coffee and two desserts.HENRY: (looking at the clock on the wall) Would you mind waiting just a few minutes?W AITER: (in a rude manner) What’s there to wait for?OWNER: All right, Horace. I’ll take care of this.HENRY: (to the owner)That was a wonderful meal. It’s amazing how much pleasure you get out of the simple things in life, especially if you can’t have them for a while.OWNER: Yes, very interesting. Now perhaps, sir, if you pay your bill I can help the other customers.HENRY: (looking at the clock on the wall again)Well, I see it’s two o’clock. (he opens the envelope and holds a million pound bank note in his hands. Henry is surprised but the owner and the waiter are shocked) I’m very sorry. But …I …I don’t have anything smaller. OWNER: (still shocked and nervous) Well, …er …just one moment. Maggie, look! (the hostess screams, the other customers look at her and she puts a hand to her mouth) Do you think it’s genuine?HOSTESS: Oh, dear, I don’t know. I simply don’t know.OWNER: Well, I did hear that the Bank of England had issued two notes in this amount …Anyway, I don’t think it’s a fake. People would pay too much attention to a bank note of this amount. No thief would want that to happen.HOSTESS: But he’s in rags!OWNER: Perhaps he’s a very strange, rich man. (as if he has discovered something for the first time) Why, yes! That must be it!HOSTESS: (hits her husband’s arm)And you put him in the back of the restaurant! Go and see him at once.OWNER: (to Henry) I’m so sorry, sir, so sorry, but I cannot change this bank note.HENRY: But it’s all I have on me.OWNER: Oh, please, don’t worry, sir. Doesn’t matter at all. We’re so very glad that you even entered our little eating place. Indeed, sir, I hope you’ll come here whenever you like.HENRY: Well, that’s very kind of you.OWNER: Kind, sir? No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour! As for the bill, sir, please forget it.HENRY: Forget it? Well …thank you very much. That’s very nice of you.OWNER: Oh, it’s for us to thank you, sir and I do, sir, from the bottom of my heart. (The owner, the hostess and the waiter all bow as Henry leaves.)Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsHOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTHNo one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produceda chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by laying eggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.A VISIT TO THE MOONLast month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. We visited the moon in our spaceship!Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful. Then we were off. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity. It was so hard that we could not say anythingto each other. Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him. “Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.” I asked. “We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull,” he explained, “so we feel as if no gravity at all. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s.” I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately. “Come on,”I said. “If you are right, my weight will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely. I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough. I shall certainly weigh less!”I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship. But when I tried to step forward. I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. “Oh dear,” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.Leaving the moon’s gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth’s. But returning to the earth was very frightening. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased. Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came back to land. “That was very exhausting but very exciting too,” I said. “Now I know much more about gravity! Do you think we could visit some stars next time?”“Of course,”he smiled, “which star would you like to go to?”Unit 5 CANADA- “THE TRUE NORTH”A TRIP ON “THE TRUE NORTH”Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada. The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport. He was going to take them and their baggage to catch “The True North”, the cross-Canadatrain. On the way to the station, he chatted about their trip. “You’re going to see some great scenery. Going eastward, you’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. Here in Vancouver, you’re in Canada’s warmest part. People say it is Canada’s most popular cities to live in. Its population is increasing rapidly. The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.”That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats. Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. Their next stop was Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede. Cowboys from all over the world come to compete in the Stampede. Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.After two days’ travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty. At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and Canada’s population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country. They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres. After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes. The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes. Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world. In fact, it has one-third of the world’s total fresh water, and much of it is in the Great Lakes. That night as they slept, the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto.“THE TRUE NORTH” FROM TORONTO TO MONTREALThe next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows werered, gold and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the biggest and most wealthy city in Canada. They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city. They went up the tall CN Tower and looked across the lake. In the distance, they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. The water flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea.They saw the covered stadium, home of several famous basketball teams. As they walked north from the harbour area, Li Daiyu said, “Lin Fei, one of my mother’s old schoolmates, lives here. I should phone her from a telephone booth.”They met Lin Fei around dusk in downtown Chinatown, one of the three in Toronto. Over dinner at a restaurant called The Pink Pearl, the cousins chatted with Lin Fei, who had moved to Canada many years earlier. “We can get good Cantonese food here,”Lin Fei told them, “because most of the Chinese people here come from South China, especially Hong Kong. It’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa, Canada’s capital. It’s approximately four hundred kilometres northeast of Toronto, so it would take too long.”The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal at dawn the next morning. At the station, people everywhere were speaking French. There were signs and ads in French, but some of them had English words in smaller letters. “We don’t leave until this evening,” said Liu Qian. “Let’s go downtown. Old Montreal is close to the water.”They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workplaces beside the water. As they sat in a buffet restaurant looking over the broad St Lawrence River, a young man sat down with them.“Hello, my name is Henri. I’m a student at the university nearby,” he said, “and I was wondering where you are from.” The girls told him they were on a train trip across Canada and that they had only one day in Montreal. “That’s too bad,” he said. “Montreal is a city with wonderful restaurants and clubs. Most of us speak both English and French, but the。
高中英语教学中的学法指导-精品文档
高中英语教学中的学法指导一、在高中英语教学中开展学法指导的重要性目前，全国中小学正在积极开展教育改革，努力探索和实施素质教育。
学会学习是素质教育的重要目标之一，也是顺应时代发展的需要。
今天的学生在走出校门之后要适应社会、适应时代，就必须不断学习，不断进行知识的补充和更新，终身学习已成为时代的需要。
对今天的学生来说，最重要的学习是学会学习，让学生学会学习已成为学校教育的一项重要目标。
陶行知先生曾指出：“先生的责任不在教，而在教学，而在教学生学。
”因此教师不仅要教给学生一定的学科知识，还应把“教会学生学”作为已任，通过学法指导，使学生学会学习，让他们掌握一把开启知识宝库的金钥匙。
二、如何在高中英语教学中进行学法指导（一）培养学生良好的学习习惯要使学法指导进行有效，必须培养学生良好的学习习惯。
良好的学习习惯是学生掌握有效学习方法的前提条件和必要保证。
培养学生良好学习习惯可从以下几方面做起：1.制定计划要学习好，首先要制定一个切实可行的学习计划。
因为有计划就可以合理安排时间，恰当分配精力。
有计划就有了学习目标。
教师要指导学生制定一个“跳一跳，才能够得着”的长远目标，还要让学生学会根据不同课型确定每节课或每一个单元认知小目标，让学生不断受到目标的激励，积极主动地学习，提高学习效率。
2.课前自学课前自学是学生学好新课，取得高效率的学习成果的基础。
课前自学可以发现疑难引起思考，减少听课的盲目性，增强听课效果。
我们要求学生自己查词典，自己记例句，自己用新词造句，自己找漂亮的句型、典型的表达法进行模仿，自己找句子进行诠解，自己找出课文中的难点，并进行有目的的指导。
3.专心上课上课是学生理解和掌握基础知识，发展认识能力的一个关键环节，要求学生集中注意力，积极思维，尽量做到心到、眼到、耳到、口到、手到，积极培养有意注意。
在课内有意识地识记该课生词、短语、句型、重点句子，力争在课内就把这节课最重要的学习内容记住，当堂消化。
(完整word版)人教版高中英语必修三课文电子文档
Unit 1 Festivals around the worldFESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONSFestivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.Festivals of the deadSome festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones”on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.Festivals to Honour PeopleFestivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus inthe New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.Harvest FestivalsHarvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to。
新课程标准下高中英语阅读教学中的文本解读教学分析-教育文档
新课程标准下⾼中英语阅读教学中的⽂本解读教学分析-教育⽂档新课程标准下⾼中英语阅读教学中的⽂本解读教学分析《普通⾼中英语新课程标准》指出：普通⾼中英语课程要在义务教育英语课程的基础上，帮助学⽣打好语⾔基础，为他们今后升学、就业和终⾝学习创造条件，并使他们具备作为21世纪公民所应有的基本英语素养。
⾼中英语课程应根据⾼中学⽣认知特点和学习发展需要，在进⼀步发展学⽣基本语⾔运⽤能⼒的同时，着重提⾼学⽣⽤英语获取信息、处理信息、分析和解决问题的能⼒；逐步培养学⽣⽤英语进⾏思维和表达的能⼒；为学⽣进⼀步学习和发展创造必要的条件。
所以，随着教育领域的改⾰不断深化，传统的⾼中英语阅读灌输式教学⽅法已经难以满⾜⾼中新课程标准的要求，⽽是要对英语阅读教学中的⽂章进⾏深层次的挖掘，真正提⾼学⽣的阅读能⼒，让学⽣有独⽴分析思考的能⼒。
为了培养学⽣的英语阅读能⼒，本⽂针对如何应⽤好⽂本解读教学法进⾏分析探究。
1. 什么是⽂本解读？英语中的text⼀词，源于拉丁⽂的texere，本意是波动，联结，交织，编织，并因此衍⽣了构建，构成，建造或制造等意义。
根据Longman Contemporary English Dictionary上的定义：A text is a book or other piece of writing that is connected with learning or intended for study. ⽽Collins Co-buildAdvanced Learners’ Dictionary 释义为：A text is a book or other piece of writing， especially one connected with science or learning.因此，我们所说得⽂本就是⽤来进⾏英语教学的⽂章或段落。
什么是解读？新出版的《现代汉语规范词典》对“解读”的释义为“通过分析来理解”。
(完整版)人教版高中英语必修三课文电子文档.docx
Unit 1 Festivals around the worldFESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONSFestivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At thattime people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.Festivals of the deadSome festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebratethe Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones”on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children ’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.Festivals to Honour PeopleFestivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus inthe New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.Harvest FestivalsHarvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together tohave meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China andJapan have mid-autumn festivals when people admire the moon and in China enjoy moon-cakes.Spring FestivalsThe most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of al kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.A SAD LOVE STORYLI Fang was heart-broken. It was Valentine ’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. But she didn’tturn up. She could be with her friends right now laughing at him. She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word. He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool. Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would drown his sadness in coffee.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave - he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV - just what Li Fang needed! A sad Chinese story about lost love.The granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth. Her name was Zhin ü,the weaving girl. While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. (“Just like me and Hu Jin,” thought Li Fang.) They got married secretly, and they were very happy. (“We could be like that,”thought Li Fang.) When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven. Niu Lang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milky Way, stopped him. Finding that Zhin wasüheart-broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year. Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. People in China hope that the weatherwill be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that Zhin is weeping and the couple won’tbe able to meet.The announcer said, “This is the story of Qiqiao Festival. When foreigners hear about the story, they call it a Chinese Valentine ’s story. It’s a fine day today, so I hope you can call all meet the one you love”.As Li Fang set off for home, he thought, “Iguess Hu Jin doesn’tlove me. I’ll just throw these flowers and chocolates away. I don’twant them to remind me of her.”So he did.As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he heard a voice calling him. There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling, “Why are you so late? I’ve been waiting for you for a long time! And I have a gift for you!”What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine gifts! She would never forgive him. This would not be a happy Valentine’s Day!Unit 2 Healthy eatingCOME AND EAT HERE (I)Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. It had bee n a very strange morning. Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of barbecued mutton kebabs, roast pork, stir-fried vegetables and fried ric e. Then by lunchtime they would all be sold. By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. But not today! Why was that? What could have happened? He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon cooked in the hottest, fi nest oil. His cola was sugary and cold, and his ice cream was made of mil k, cream and delicious fruit. “Nothing could be better,” he thought. Su ddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by. “Hello, Lao Li, ” he cal led. “Your usual?” But Li Chang seemed not to hear. What was the ma tter? Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming toeat in his restaurant as he always did.Wang Peng followed Li Chang into a new small restaurant. He saw a sig n at the door.Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight?Come inside Yong Hui's slimming restaurant.Only slimming foods served here.Make yourself thin again!Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside. It was full of people. The hostess, a very thin lady, came forward. “Welcome,” she said.“My name is Yo ng Hui.I ’ll help you lose weight and be fit in two weeks if you eat here e very day.” Then she gave a menu to Wang Peng. There were few choice s of food and drink on it: just rice, raw vegetables served in vinegar, fruit and water. Wang Peng was amazed at this and especially at the prices. It cost more than a good meal in his restaurant! He could not believe his ey es. He threw down the menu and hurried outside. On his way home he th ought about his own menu. Did it make people fat? Perhaps he should go to the library and find out. He could not have Yong Hui getting away wit h telling people lies! He had better do some research!At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui’s far too little. Even though her customer s might get thin after eating Yong Hui’s food, they were not eating enoug h energy-giving food to keep them fit. They would become tired very qui ckly. Wang Peng felt more hopeful as he drove back home. Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back. So he wrote: Want to feel fit and energetic?Come and eat here! Discounts today! Our food gives you energy all day !The competition between the two restaurants was on!COME AND EAT HERE (II)A week later, Wang Peng’s restaurant was nearly full and he felt happi er. Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to cl ose his restaurant. He did not look forward to being in debt because his r estaurant was no longer popular. He smiled as he welcomed some custom ers warmly at the door but the smile left his face when he saw Yong Hui walking in. She did not look happy but glared at him. “May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant the other day? I thought you were a new customer and now I know that you only came to spy on me and my men u,” she shouted.“Please excuse me,” he calmly explained, “I wanted to know where all my customers had gone last week. I followed one of them and found them in your restaurant. I don’twant to upset you, but I f ound your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertisin g the benefits of my food. Why don’tyou sit down and try a meal?”Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying dumplings a nd breast of chicken cooked with garlic. When they were served the icec ream, Yong Hui began to look ill. “ I feel sick with all this fat and heavy food,” she said,“I miss my vegetables and fruit”. Wang Peng was enj oying a second plate of dumplings so he sighed“.Yes,” he added,“an d I would miss my dumplings and fatty pork. Don,t you get tired quickly ?” “Well, I do have to rest a lot,” admitted Yong Hui. “But don’tyo u think it would be better if you were a bit thinner? I’m sure you’d feel m uch healthier.”They began to talk about menus and balanced diets“. According to my research, neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet,” expla ined Wang Peng.“I don’toffer enough fibre and you don’toffer enough body-building and energy-giving food. Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full of energy and fibre”. So that is what they did. They served raw vegetables with the hamburger s and boiled the potatoes rather than fried them. They served fresh fruit w ith the ice cream. In this way they cut down the fat and increased thefibre in the meal. Their balanced diets became such a success that before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight. After so me time the two found that their business cooperation had turned into a p ersonal one. Finally they got married and live happily ever after.Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank NoteTHE MILLION POUND BANK NOTEAct I, Scene 3NARRATOR: It is the summer of 1903. Two old and wealthy brothers, Roderick and Oliver, have made a bet. Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London. His brother Roderick doubts it. At this moment, they see a penniless young man wandering on the pavement outside their house. It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.RODERICK:Young man, would you step inside a moment, please? HENRY:Who? Me, sir?RODERICK:Yes, you.OLIVER:Through the front door on your left.HENRY: (a servant opens a door)Thanks.SERVANT:Good morning, sir. Would you please come in? Permit me to lead the way, sir.OLIVER:(Henry enters) Thank you, James. That will be all. RODERICK:How do you do, Mr ⋯ er ⋯?HENRY:Adams. Henry Adams.OLIVER:Come and sit down, Mr Adams.HENRY:Thank you.RODERICK:Your are an American?HENRY:That’s right, from San Francisco.RODERICK:How well do you know London?HENRY:Not at all. It’s my first trip here.RODERICK:I wonder, Mr Adams, if you mind us asking a fewquestions?HENRY:Not at all. Go right ahead.RODERICK:May we ask what you ’re doing in this country and what your plans are?HENRY:Well, I can’tsay that I have any plans. I’m hoping to find work. As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident.RODERICK:How is that possible?HENRY:Well, you see, back home I have my own boat. About a month ago, I was sailing out of the bay⋯ (his eyesstare at what is left of the brothers’dinner on the table) OLIVER:Well, go on.HENRY:Oh, yes. Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.It was all my fault. I didn’tknow whether I could survive until morning. The next morning I ’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.OLIVER:And it was the ship that brought you to England. HENRY:Yes. The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance. I went tothe American embassy to seek help, but⋯(the brotherssmile at each other)RODERICK:Well, you mustn’tworry about that. It’s an advantage. HENRY:I’m afraid I don’tquite follow you, sir.RODERICK:Tell us, Mr Adams, what sort of work did you do in America?HENRY:I worked for a mining company. Could you offer me some kind of work here?RODERICK:Patience, Mr Adams. If you don’tmind, may I ask how much money you have?HENRY:Well, to be honest, I have none.RODERICK:(happily) What luck! Brother, what luck! (claps his hands together)HENRY:Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me! On the contrary, in fact. If this is your idea of some kind of joke,I don’tthink it ’s very funny. (Henry stands up to leave)Now if you ’ll excuse me, I think I’ll be on my way. RODERICK:Please don’tgo Mr Adams. You mustn’tthink we don’t care about you. Oliver, give him the letter.OLIVER:Yes, the letter. (gets it from a desk and gives it to Henry like a gift) The letter.HENRY:(taking it carefully) For me?RODERICK:For you. (Henry starts to open it) Oh, no, you mustn’t open it. Not yet. You can’t open it until two o’clock. HENRY:Oh, this is silly.RODERICK:Not silly. There’s money in it. (calls to the servant) James?HENRY:Oh, no. I don’twant your charity. I just want an honest job.RODERICK:We know you’re hard-working. That’s why we have given you the letter. James,show Mr Adams out.OLIVER:Good luck, Mr Adams.HENRY:Well, why don’tyou explain what this is all about? RODERICK:You’ll soon know. (looks at the clock) In exactly an hour and a half.SERVANT: RODERICK: HENRY:Act I, Scene 4This way, sir.Mr Adams, not until 2 o’clock. Promise? Promise. Goodbye.(Outside a restaurant Henry looks at the envelope without opening it and decide to go in. He sits down at a table next to the front window.) OWNER: (seeing Henry’s poor appearance) That one’s reserved. This way, please. (to the waiter) Take this gentleman’s order, Horace. HENRY:(after sitting down and putting the letter on the table) I ’d like some ham and eggs and a nice big steak. Make it extra thick.’dI also like a cup of coffee and a pineapple dessert.WAITER:Right, sir. I’m afraid it’ll cost a large amount of money. HENRY:I understand. And i’ll have a large glass of beer. WAITER: OK. (The waiter leaves and soon returns with all the food.) HOSTESS: My goodness! Why, look at him. He eats like a wolf. OWNER: We’ll see if he’s clever as a wolf, eh?HENRY: (having just finished every bit of food) Ah, waiter. (the waiter returns) Same thing again, please. Oh, and another beer. WAITER: Again? Everything?HENRY: Yes, that’s right. (sees the look on the waiter’s face) Anything wrong?WAITER: No, not at all. (to the owner) He’s asked for more of the same.OWNER: Well, it is well-known that Americans like to eat a lot. Well, we’ll have to take a chance. Go ahead and let him have it.WAITER: (reading the bill after the meal) All right. That ’s two orders of ham and eggs, two extra thick steaks, two large glasses of beer, two cups of coffee and two desserts.HENRY: (looking at the clock on the wall) Would you mind waiting just a few minutes?WAITER: (in a rude manner) What’s there to wait for?OWNER: All right, Horace. I ’ll take care of this.HENRY: (to the owner) That was a wonderful meal. It ’s amazing how much pleasure you get out of the simple things in life, especially if you can’thave them for a while.OWNER: Yes, very interesting. Now perhaps, sir, if you pay your billI can help the other customers.HENRY: (looking at the clock on the wall again) Well, I see it’s two o’clock. (he opens the envelope and holds a million pound bank note in his hands. Henry is surprised but the owner and the waiter are shocked) I ’m very sorry. But ⋯ I ⋯ I don’thave anything smaller.OWNER: (still shocked and nervous) Well, ⋯ er ⋯ just one moment. Maggie, look! (the hostess screams, the other customers look at her and she puts a hand to her mouth)Do you think it ’s genuine? HOSTESS: Oh, dear, I don’tknow. I simply don’tknow.OWNER: Well, I did hear that the Bank of England had issued two notes in this amount ⋯ Anyway, I don ’tthink it ’s a fake. People would pay too much attention to a bank note of this amount. No thief would want that to happen.HOSTESS: But he’s in rags!OWNER: Perhaps he’s a very strange, rich man. (as if he has discovered something for the first time) Why, yes! That must be it! HOSTESS: (hits her husband’sarm) And you put him in the back ofthe restaurant! Go and see him at once.OWNER: (to Henry) I ’m so sorry, sir, so sorry, but I cannot change this bank note.HENRY: But it ’s all I have on me.OWNER: Oh, please, don’tworry, sir. Doesn’tmatter at all. We’re so very glad that you even entered our little eating place. Indeed, sir, I hope you’ll come here whenever you like.HENRY: Well, that’s very kind of you.OWNER: Kind, sir? No, it ’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour! As for the bill, sir, please forget it.HENRY: Forget it? Well ⋯ thank you very much. That’s very nice of you.OWNER: Oh, it ’s for us to thank you, sir and I do, sir, from the bottomof my heart. (The owner, the hostess and the waiter all bow as Henry leaves.)Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsHOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTHNo one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe beganwith a “Big Bang ”that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produceda chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by laying eggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, nowwith hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.A VISIT TO THE MOONLast month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. We visited the moon in our spaceship!Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful. Then we were off. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth ’s gravity. It was so hard that we could not say anythingto each other. Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him. “Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground. ”I asked. “We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull,”he explained, “so we feel as if no gravity at all. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, butit will not be as strong a pull as the earth ’s.”I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately. “Come on,”I said. “If you are right, my weight will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely. I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough. I shall certainly weigh less!”I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship. But when I tried to step forward. I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. “Oh dear,”I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.Leaving the moon’s gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth ’s. But returning to the earth was very frightening. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased. Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came backto land. “That was very exhausting but very exciting too, ”I said. “Now I know much more about gravity! Do you think we could visit some stars next time?”“Of course,”he smiled, “which star would you like to go to?”Unit 5 CANADA-“THE TRUE NORTH”A TRIP ON “THE TRUE NORTH”Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then takethe train from west to east across Canada. The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport. He was going to take them and their baggage to catch“The True North”, the cross-Canadatrain. On the way to the station, he chatted about their trip.“You’re going to see some great scenery. Going eastward, you’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. Here in Vancouver, you’re in Canada’s warmest part. People say it is Canada’s most popular cities to live in. Its population is increasing rapidly. The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres”.That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats. Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. Their next stop was Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede. Cowboys from all over the world come to compete in the Stampede. Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.After two days ’travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty. At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and Canada’s population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country. They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres. After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes. The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes. Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world. In fact, it has one-thirdof the world’s total fresh water, and much of it is in the Great Lakes.That night as they slept, the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto.“THE TRUE NORTH”FROM TORONTO TO MONTREALThe next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows werered, gold and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the biggest and most wealthy city in Canada. They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city. They went up the tall CN Tower and looked across the lake. In the distance, they could see the misty cloud thatrose from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. The water flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea.They saw the covered stadium, home of several famous basketball teams. As they walked north from the harbour area, Li Daiyu said, “Lin Fei, one of my mother ’s old schoolmates, lives here. I should phone her from a telephone booth”.They met Lin Fei around dusk in downtown Chinatown, one of the three in Toronto. Over dinner at a restaurant called The Pink Pearl, the cousins chatted with Lin Fei, who had moved to Canada many years earlier. “We can get good Cantonese food here,”Lin Fei told them, “because most of the Chinese people here come from South China, especially Hong Kong. It ’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa, Canada’s capital. It’s approximately four hundred kilometres northeastof Toronto, so it would take too long.”The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal at dawn the next morning. At the station, people everywhere were speaking French. There were signs and ads in French, but some of them had English words in smaller letters. “We don’tleave until this evening,”said Liu Qian. “Let’s go downtown. Old Montreal is close to the water.”They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workplaces beside the water. As they sat in a buffet restaurant looking over the broad St Lawrence River, a young man sat down with them.“Hello, my name is Henri. I’m a student at the university nearby,”he said, “and I was wondering where you are from.”The girls told him they were on a train trip across Canada and that they had only one day in Montreal. “That’s too bad,”he said. “Montreal is a city with wonderful restaurants and clubs. Most of us speak both English and French, but the。
演示文档外研版高中英语必修四课文文本.docx
Module 1 ReadingThe City of the FutureWhat will the city of the future look like? No one knowsfor sure, and making predictions is a risky business. But onething is certain—they are going to get bigger before they getsmaller. In the future, care for the environment will becomevery important as earth's natural resources run out. We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminium, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources. We will also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power. All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain.To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50,000 people in the year 2025. Here are some of the ideasthey had:Garbage ships To get rid of garbage problems, the city willload huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towardsthe sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems.Batman Nets Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.Forget smoking No smoking will be allowed within a future city's limits. Smoking will be possible only outside cities, and outdoors.Forget the malls In the future all shopping will be done online, and catalogues will have voice commands to place orders.Telephones for life Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.Recreation All forms of recreation, such as cinemas, bowling, softball, concerts and others, will be provided free of charge by the city.Cars All cars will be powered by electricity, solar energy or wind, and it will be possible to change the colour of cars at the flick of a switch.Telesurgery Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.Holidays at home Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using high-tech cameras attached to their head.Space travel Travelling in space by ordinary citizens will be common. Each city will have its own spaceport.Cultural CornerFamous Last WordsNot all predictions come true. Many of them are wrong, and some are very wrong. Here are just a few of the bad predictions people made in the twentieth century about the twenty-first century:AIRPLANES"No flying machine will ever fly from New York to Paris."Orville Wright, 1908. COMPUTERS"I think there is a world market for maybe five computers."Thomas Waston, chairman of IBM, 1943. CLOTHES"Thirty years from now people will be wearing clothes made of paper which they will be able to throw away after wearing them two or three times."Changing Times Magazine, 1957. MEN ON THE MOON"With the first moon colonies predicted for the 1970's, work is now in progress on the types of building required for men to stay in when they're on the moon."Arnold B. Barach in The Changes to Come, 1962. THE BEATLES"We don't like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out."Decca Recording Co. rejecting the Beatles, 1962. ROBOTS IN THE HOUSE"By the year 2000, housewives will probably have a robot shaped like a box with one large eye on the top, several arms and hands, and long narrow pads on the side for moving about."New York Times, 1966.KEYS"By the mid-1980's no one will ever need to hide a key under the doormat again, because there won't be any keys."Computer scientist Christopher Evans,The Micro Millennium, 1979.Module 2 ReadingGetting Around in BeijingTaxisTaxis are on the streets 24 hours a day. Simply raise yourhand, and a taxi appears in no time. They are usually red, andthey display the price per kilometre on the window. Youshould check the cab has a business permit, and make sure you ask for a receipt.Buses and trolleybusesPublic transport provides a cheap way to get around in Beijing. There are 20,000 buses and trolleybuses in Beijing, but they can get very crowded. It's a good idea to avoid public transport during the rush hour (6:30 a.m.–8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.–6:30 p.m.). Fares are cheap, starting at 1 yuan. Air-conditioned buses cost more.Buses numbered 1 to 100 are limited to travel within the city centre. Higher numbers have destinations in the suburbs. Tourists shouldn't miss the 103 bus which offers one of the most impressive routes, past the Forbidden City and the White Pagoda in Beihai Park. If you get on a double-decker bus, make sure you sit upstairs. You'll have a good view of the rapidly changing city.Most buses run from about 5:00 a.m. to midnight. However, there is also a night bus service, provided by buses with a number in the 200s.MinibusesMinibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport in some areas. They run regular services and follow the same routes as large public buses. And in a minibus you always get a seat even in rush hours. UndergroundThere are four underground lines in Beijing, and several lines are under construction. Trains are fast and convenient, but rush hours can be terrible. A one-way trip costs 3 yuan. Station names are marked in pinyin. The underground is open from 5:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m.PedicabsTourists like these human-pedalled "tricycle taxis", but they can be expensive. You should talk to the driver, and make sure you know the price before you begin the journey, for example, if it is per person, single or return. Tricycles are worth using if you want to explore the narrow alleys (hutong) of old Beijing.Cultural CornerThe London Congestion ChargeBeijing isn't the only city with traffic problems. You can get stuck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world. The worst problems occur in cities which are growing fast, such as Sao Paolo in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria. But even cities in developed countries such as the US suffer. Los Angeles, which was built with the motor car in mind, and is famous for its six-lane highways, is now the USA's most congested city.In Europe most capital cities were planned and builtbefore cars, and city centre traffic jams have been part ofdaily life for a long time. The situation in central London,where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues,became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it. In February 2003 the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, introduced a "congestion charge"—a tax for cars entering the centre of the city.The idea is simple: every car coming into the centre has to pay £5 a day. Drivers can pay the charge at any of 10,000 pay points in the capital before 10 p.m. As the cars come into the centre, video cameras record their registration numbers, and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day. People who do not pay the charge will face a fine of £80.Most Londoners are not happy with the idea. They agree that London has a traffic problem, but the congestion charge is expensive, and limits their freedom ...But does the congestion charge work? A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does. After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced by about 30 percent, and journey times by 15 percent. More people used public transport to get to work, and bicycles were suddenly very popular. What's more, central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.But there are a few people who think the charge should be much higher, for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre and can easily afford it. This would keep even more cars out of central London, and the roads would be nearly empty. However, there are no plans to increase the charge.Module 3 ReadingGreetings Around the WorldIf you say the word "communication", most people thinkof words and sentences. Although these are very important,we communicate with more than just spoken and writtenwords. Indeed, body positions are part of what we call "bodylanguage". We see examples of unconscious body languagevery often, yet there is also "learned" body language, whichvaries from culture to culture.We use "learned" body language when we are introduced to strangers. Like other animals, we are on guard until we know it is safe to relax. So every culture has developed a formal way to greet strangers, to show them we are not aggressive. Traditionally, Europeans and Americans shake hands. They do this with the right hand—the strongest hand for most people. If our right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannot be holding a weapon. So the gesture is saying, "I trust you. Look, I'm not carrying a threatening weapon." If you shake hands with someone, you show you trust them. We shake hands when we make a deal. It means, "We agree and we trust each other."Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person, but they always involve the hands. Traditionally in China, when we greet someone, we put the right hand over the left and bow slightly. Muslims give a "salaam", where they touch their heart, mouth and forehead. Hindus join their hands and bow their heads in respect. In all of these examples, the hands are busy with the greeting and cannot hold a weapon.Even today, when some people have very informal styles of greeting, they still use their hands as a gesture of trust. American youths often greet each other with the expression, "Give me five!" One person then holds up his hand, palm outwards and five fingers spread. The other person raises his hand and slaps the other's open hand above the head in a "high five". Nowadays, it is quite a common greeting.Body language is fascinating for anyone to study. People give away much more by their gestures than by their words. Look at your friends and family and see if you are a mind reader!Cultural CornerClappingWhy do we clap? To show we like something, of course. But we don't clap at the end of a television programme or a book, however good they are. We clap at the end of a live performance, such as a play, or a concert, to say thank you to the performers. First they give, and then we give. Without us—the audience—the performance would not be complete.The custom of clapping has early beginnings. In classical Athens, applause meant judgement and taking part. Plays were often in competition with each other, and prolonged clapping helped a play to win. The theatre was large—it could hold 14,000 people, half the adult male population of the city, which meant that the audience could make a lot of noise.Applause was a sign of being part of the community, andof equality between actors and audience. The important thingwas to make the noise together, to add one's own smallhandclap to others. Clapping is social, like laughter: you don'tvery often clap or laugh out loud alone. It is like laughter inanother way, too: it is infectious, and spreads very quickly. Clapping at concerts and theatres is a universal habit. But some occasions on which people clap change from one country to another. For example, in Britain people clap at a wedding, but in Italy they sometimes clap at a funeral.Module 4 ReadingThe Student Who Asked QuestionsIn a hungry world rice is a staple food and China is theworld's largest producer. Rice is also grown in many otherAsian countries, and in some European countries like Italy. Inthe rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping,is a leading figure.Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China. As a boy he was educated in many schools and was given the nickname, "the student who asks questions".From an early age he was interested in plants. He studied agriculture in college and as a young teacher he began experiments in crop breeding. He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly. He thought there was only one way to do this—by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.First Yuan Longping experimented with different types of rice. The results of his experiments were published in China in 1966. Then he began his search for a special type of rice plant. It had to be male. It had to be sterile. Finally, in 1970 a naturally sterile male rice plant was discovered. This was the breakthrough. Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system. The research was supported by the government.As a result of Yuan Longping's discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990's. There were other advantages too. 50 thousand square kilometres of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops. Followingthis, Yuan Longping's rice was exported to other countries, such as Pakistan and the Philippines.In Pakistan rice is the second most important crop after wheat and will be grown in many parts of the country. The new hybrid rice has been developed by the Yuan Longping Hightech Agricultural Company of China. Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.Cultural CornerRocketsToday rockets are very advanced machines which we can use to send astronauts into space. They are also used in firework displays to celebrate great events, such as the end of the Olympic Games or the beginning of the new millennium in the year 2000.Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2,000 years ago. The Chinese had a form of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to make explosions during festivals. Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire instead of exploding in it. The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air. The idea of the rocket was born.The first military use of rockets was in 1232. The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols. During the battle of Kaifeng, the Song army shot "arrows of flying fire". The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction. Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe. Between the 13th and 15th centuries there were many rocket experiments in England, France and Italy. They were used formilitary purposes. One Italian scientist even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit an enemy ship.But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles. Wan Hu, a Chinese government official, invented a flying chair. He attached two big kites to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites. The rockets were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke. When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared. No one knows what happened. Did Wan Hu die in the explosion? Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world's first astronaut?Module 5 ReadingA Trip Along the Three GorgesIn August 1996, Peter Hessler, a young American teacher of English, arrived in the town of Fuling on the Yangtze River. He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college. They were the only foreigners in the town. The first semester finished at the end of January and they had four weeks off for the Spring Festival. They could go anywhere they wished. They decided to take aboat downstream.We decided to buy tickets for the Jiangyou boat. Our colleagues said, "You shouldn't go on those ships. They are very crowded. They are mainly for goods and people trading along the river. They don't stop at the temples and there won't be any other foreigners." That sounded fine to me. We just had to show our passports and they let us get on the boat.We left the docks on a beautiful afternoon. The sun was shining brightly as we sailed downstream through a hilly region. Men rode bamboo rafts along the river's edge and coal boats went past. As the sun set we docked at Fengdu. We could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda. It was beautiful.We slept through the first gorge, which is called the Qutang Gorge. The gorge narrows to 350 feet as the river rushes through the two-mile-high mountains. "Oh, well," my friend said, "at least we have two more left."At Wushan we made a detour up the Daning River to see some of the smaller gorges. The next day we went through the big gorges on the Yangtze River. It was a lovely morning as we went through the Wu Gorge. We passed the Xiang River, home of Qu Yuan, the 3rd century BC poet. There was so much history along the Yangtze River. Every rock looked like a person or animal, every stream that joined the great river carried its legends, every hill was heavy with the past.As we came out of the third gorge, the Xiling Gorge, we sailed into the construction site of the dam. All the passengers came on deck. We took pictures and pointed at the site, but we weren't allowed to get off the boat. The Chinese flag was blowing in the wind. On a distant mountain was a sign in 20-foot characters. "Build the Three Gorges Dam, Exploit the Yangtze River," it said.Cultural CornerPostcards to MyselfIn 50 years of travelling Colin McCorquodale has visitedevery country in the world, except three. And everywhere hegoes, he sends himself a postcard. He always chooses apostcard with a beautiful view, and sticks on an interestingstamp. Usually he writes just a short message to himself. Hislatest one, from the Malvinas islands, reads Good fishing.On a wall in his home in London there is a large map of the world. There are hundreds of little red pins stuck in it. "It's good to get a pin in the map," says Mr McCorquodale, "but I follow the rules. I'm allowed to stick one in only if I've been in a place for more than 24 hours." Naturally, Mr McCorquodale has his favourite places. New Zealand he describes as "wonderful". In Europe, Italy is a favourite place. "There's a saying in the travel trade that all tourists are ripped off.Well, at least the Italians rip you off with a smile." Of China he says,"This is one country in the world which is completely different. There's no European influence. It's been around for 6,000 years, yet it's a country of the future."Wherever he goes, Mr McCorquodale takes with him aphoto of his wife, a candle, a torch, a shirt with a secretpocket, and a pen for writing his postcards.So why does he do it? For the postcards or the travel? MrMcCorquodale laughs. "I do it for the journey," he says. "Iget a kick out of travelling. And all the planning."Module 6 ReadingThe Monster of Lake TianchiThe "Monster of Lake Tianchi" in the Changbai Mountains in Jilin province, northeast China, is back in the news after several recent sightings. The director of a local tourist office, Meng Fanying, said the monster, which seemed to be black in colour, was ten metres from the edge of the lake during the most recent sighting. "It jumped out of the water like a seal—about 200 people on Changbai's western peak saw it," he said. Although no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature, Xue Junlin, a local photographer, claimed that its headlooked like a horse.In another recent sighting, a group of soldiers claim theysaw an animal moving on the surface of the water. Thesoldiers, who were walking along the side of the lake,watched the creature swimming for about two minutes. "Itwas greenish-black and had a round head with 10-centimetre horns", one of the soldiers said.A third report came from Li Xiaohe, who was visiting the lake with his family. He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water. After three or four hundred metres it dived into the water. Ten minutes later the monster appeared again and repeated the action. Mr Li Xiaohe said that he and his family were able to see the monster clearly because the weather was fine and the lake was calm.There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning of the last century, although no one has seen one close up. Some photos have been taken but they are not clear because it was too far away. Many people think the monster may be a distant cousin of the Loch Ness monster in Scotland. They also think that there might be similar creatures in other lakes around the world. Scientists, however, are sceptical. They say that the low-temperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.Lake Tianchi is the highest volcanic lake in the world. It is 2,189 metres high and covers an area of about ten square kilometres. In places it is more than 370 metres deep.Cultural CornerThe Universal DragonDragons can be friendly or fierce, they can bring goodluck or cause death and destruction, but one thing is sure—people talk about them almost everywhere in the world. For acreature that doesn't actually exist, that's quite something.In Chinese culture, dragons are generous and wise, although they can be unpredictable. The dragon was closely connected to the royal family: the emperor'srobes have a symbol of a gold dragon with five claws. Other members of the royal family were allowed to wear dragon symbols, too, but with fewer claws and of a different colour. According to popular belief, if you were born in the year of the dragon, you are intelligent, brave, and a natural leader.But in the west, dragons had a different reputation. The very first text in English, the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf, tells the story of a Scandinavian hero, Beowulf, who fights and kills a dangerous dragon but is himself killed in the fight. However, across the border in Wales, the red dragon which appears on the Welsh flag is a positive symbol, indicating strength and a sense of national identity.Why should the dragon have a different character indifferent parts of the world? Some experts believe it is due tothe animals the myths grew out of. In the west, the idea of thedragon probably came from the snake—an animal which people hated and were afraid of.But in China, the idea of the dragon may have come from the alligator—a shy animal which lives in rivers, but which is usually only seen when there is plenty of water—a good sign for agriculture. So the Chinese dragon was a bringer of good fortune.。
(完整word版)人教版高中英语必修三课文电子文档.doc
Unit 1 Festivals around the worldFESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONSFestivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At thattime people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.Festivals of the deadSome festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebratethe Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones”on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children ’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.Festivals to Honour PeopleFestivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus inthe New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.Harvest FestivalsHarvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together tohave meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China andJapan have mid-autumn festivals when people admire the moon and in China enjoy moon-cakes.Spring FestivalsThe most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of al kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.A SAD LOVE STORYLI Fang was heart-broken. It was Valentine ’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. But she didn’tturn up. She could be with her friends right now laughing at him. She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word. He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool. Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would drown his sadness in coffee.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave - he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV - just what Li Fang needed! A sad Chinese story about lost love.The granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth. Her name was Zhin ü,the weaving girl. While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. (“Just like me and Hu Jin,” thought Li Fang.) They got married secretly, and they were very happy. (“We could be like that,”thought Li Fang.) When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven. Niu Lang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milky Way, stopped him. Finding that Zhin wasüheart-broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year. Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. People in China hope that the weatherwill be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that Zhin is weeping and the couple won’tbe able to meet.The announcer said, “This is the story of Qiqiao Festival. When foreigners hear about the story, they call it a Chinese Valentine ’s story. It’s a fine day today, so I hope you can call all meet the one you love”.As Li Fang set off for home, he thought, “Iguess Hu Jin doesn’tlove me. I’ll just throw these flowers and chocolates away. I don’twant them to remind me of her.”So he did.As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he heard a voice calling him. There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling, “Why are you so late? I’ve been waiting for you for a long time! And I have a gift for you!”What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine gifts! She would never forgive him. This would not be a happy Valentine’s Day!Unit 2 Healthy eatingCOME AND EAT HERE (I)Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. It had bee n a very strange morning. Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of barbecued mutton kebabs, roast pork, stir-fried vegetables and fried ric e. Then by lunchtime they would all be sold. By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. But not today! Why was that? What could have happened? He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon cooked in the hottest, fi nest oil. His cola was sugary and cold, and his ice cream was made of mil k, cream and delicious fruit. “Nothing could be better,” he thought. Su ddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by. “Hello, Lao Li, ” he cal led. “Your usual?” But Li Chang seemed not to hear. What was the ma tter? Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming toeat in his restaurant as he always did.Wang Peng followed Li Chang into a new small restaurant. He saw a sig n at the door.Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight?Come inside Yong Hui's slimming restaurant.Only slimming foods served here.Make yourself thin again!Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside. It was full of people. The hostess, a very thin lady, came forward. “Welcome,” she said.“My name is Yo ng Hui.I ’ll help you lose weight and be fit in two weeks if you eat here e very day.” Then she gave a menu to Wang Peng. There were few choice s of food and drink on it: just rice, raw vegetables served in vinegar, fruit and water. Wang Peng was amazed at this and especially at the prices. It cost more than a good meal in his restaurant! He could not believe his ey es. He threw down the menu and hurried outside. On his way home he th ought about his own menu. Did it make people fat? Perhaps he should go to the library and find out. He could not have Yong Hui getting away wit h telling people lies! He had better do some research!At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui’s far too little. Even though her customer s might get thin after eating Yong Hui’s food, they were not eating enoug h energy-giving food to keep them fit. They would become tired very qui ckly. Wang Peng felt more hopeful as he drove back home. Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back. So he wrote: Want to feel fit and energetic?Come and eat here! Discounts today! Our food gives you energy all day !The competition between the two restaurants was on!COME AND EAT HERE (II)A week later, Wang Peng’s restaurant was nearly full and he felt happi er. Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to cl ose his restaurant. He did not look forward to being in debt because his r estaurant was no longer popular. He smiled as he welcomed some custom ers warmly at the door but the smile left his face when he saw Yong Hui walking in. She did not look happy but glared at him. “May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant the other day? I thought you were a new customer and now I know that you only came to spy on me and my men u,” she shouted.“Please excuse me,” he calmly explained, “I wante d to know where all my customers had gone last week. I followed one of them and found them in your restaurant. I don’twant to upset you, but I f ound your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertisin g the benefits of my food. Why don’tyou sit down and try a meal?”Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying dumplings a nd breast of chicken cooked with garlic. When they were served the icec ream, Yong Hui began to look ill. “ I feel sick with all this fat and heavy food,” she said,“I miss my vegetables and fruit”. Wang Peng was enj oying a second plate of dumplings so he sighed“.Yes,” he added,“an d I would miss my dumplings and fatty pork. Don,t you get tired quickly ?” “Well, I do have to rest a lot,” admitted Yong Hui. “But don’tyo u think it would be better if you were a bit thinner? I’m sure you’d feel m uch healthier.”They began to talk about menus and balanced diets“. According to my research, neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet,” expla ined Wang Peng.“I don’toffer enough fibre and you don’toffer enough body-building and energy-giving food. Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full of energy and fibre”. So that is what they did. They served raw vegetables with the hamburger s and boiled the potatoes rather than fried them. They served fresh fruit w ith the ice cream. In this way they cut down the fat and increased thefibre in the meal. Their balanced diets became such a success that before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight. After so me time the two found that their business cooperation had turned into a p ersonal one. Finally they got married and live happily ever after.Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank NoteTHE MILLION POUND BANK NOTEAct I, Scene 3NARRATOR: It is the summer of 1903. Two old and wealthy brothers, Roderick and Oliver, have made a bet. Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London. His brother Roderick doubts it. At this moment, they see a penniless young man wandering on the pavement outside their house. It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.RODERICK:Young man, would you step inside a moment, please? HENRY: Who? Me, sir?RODERICK: Yes, you.OLIVER: Through the front door on your left.HENRY: (a servant opens a door)Thanks.SERVANT: Good morning, sir. Would you please come in? Permit me to lead the way, sir.OLIVER: (Henry enters) Thank you, James. That will be all. RODERICK: How do you do, Mr ⋯ er ⋯?HENRY: Adams. Henry Adams.OLIVER: Come and sit down, Mr Adams.HENRY: Thank you.RODERICK: Your are an American?HENRY: That’s right, from San Francisco.RODERICK: How well do you know London?HENRY: Not at all. It’s my first trip here.RODERICK: I wonder, Mr Adams, if you mind us asking a fewquestions?HENRY: Not at all. Go right ahead.RODERICK: May we ask what you ’re doing in this country and what your plans are?HENRY: Well, I can’tsay that I have any plans. I’m hoping to find work. As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident.RODERICK: How is that possible?HENRY: Well, you see, back home I have my own boat. About a month ago, I was sailing out of the bay ⋯ (his eyesstare at what is left of the brothers’dinner on the table) OLIVER: Well, go on.HENRY: Oh, yes. Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind. It was all my fault. I didn’tknow whether I could survive until morning. The next morning I ’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.OLIVER: And it was the ship that brought you to England. HENRY: Yes. The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance. I went tothe American embassy to seek help, but⋯(the brotherssmile at each other)RODERICK: Well, you mustn’tworry about that. It’s an advantage. HENRY: I’m afraid I don’tquite follow you, sir.RODERICK: Tell us, Mr Adams, what sort of work did you do in America?HENRY: I worked for a mining company. Could you offer me some kind of work here?RODERICK: Patience, Mr Adams. If you don’tmind, may I ask how much money you have?HENRY: Well, to be honest, I have none.RODERICK: (happily) What luck! Brother, what luck! (claps his hands together)HENRY: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me! On the contrary, in fact. If this is your idea of some kind of joke,I don’tthink it ’s very funny. (Henry stands up to leave)Now if you ’ll excuse me, I think I’ll be on my way. RODERICK: Please don’tgo Mr Adams. You mustn’tthink we don’t care about you. Oliver, give him the letter.OLIVER: Yes, the letter. (gets it from a desk and gives it to Henry like a gift) The letter.HENRY: (taking it carefully) For me?RODERICK: For you. (Henry starts to open it) Oh, no, you mustn ’topen it. Not yet. You can ’t open it until two o ’clock.HENRY: Oh, this is silly.RODERICK: Not silly. There ’s money in it. (calls to the servant)James?HENRY: Oh, no. I don ’twant your charity. I just want an honestjob.RODERICK: We know you ’re hard-working. That ’s why we have givenyou the letter. James, show Mr Adams out. OLIVER:Good luck, Mr Adams. HENRY:Well, why don ’tyou explain what this is all about? RODERICK: You ’ll soon know. (looks at the clock) In exactly an hourand a half.SERVANT:RODERICK:HENRY:Act I, Scene 4This way, sir. Mr Adams, not until 2 o ’clock. Promise? Promise. Goodbye. (Outside a restaurant Henry looks at the envelope without opening it and decide to go in. He sits down at a table next to the front window.)OWNER: (seeing Henry ’s poor appearance) That one ’s reserved. This way, please. (to the waiter) Take this gentleman ’s order, Horace.HENRY: (after sitting down and putting the letter on the table) I ’d like some ham and eggs and a nice big steak. Make it extra thick.’dIalso like a cup of coffee and a pineapple dessert.WAITER:Right, sir. I ’m afraid it ’ll cost a large amount of money.HENRY: I understand. And i ’ll have a large glass of beer.WAITER: OK. (The waiter leaves and soon returns with all the food.)HOSTESS: My goodness! Why, look at him. He eats like a wolf.OWNER: We ’ll see if he ’s clever as a wolf, eh?HENRY: (having just finished every bit of food) Ah, waiter. (the waiter returns) Same thing again, please. Oh, and another beer. WAITER:Again? Everything?HENRY: Yes, that’s right. (sees the look on the waiter’s face) Anything wrong?WAITER: No, not at all. (to the owner) He’s asked for more of the same.OWNER: Well, it is well-known that Americans like to eat a lot. Well, we’ll have to take a chance. Go ahead and let him have it.WAITER: (reading the bill after the meal) All right. That ’s two orders of ham and eggs, two extra thick steaks, two large glasses of beer, two cups of coffee and two desserts.HENRY: (looking at the clock on the wall) Would you mind waiting justa few minutes?WAITER: (in a rude manner) What’s there to wait for?OWNER: All right, Horace. I ’ll take care of this.HENRY: (to the owner) That was a wonderful meal. It ’s amazing how much pleasure you get out of the simple things in life, especially if you can’thave them for a while.OWNER: Yes, very interesting. Now perhaps, sir, if you pay your billI can help the other customers.HENRY: (looking at the clock on the wall again) Well, I see it’s two o’clock. (he opens the envelope and holds a million pound bank note in his hands. Henry is surprised but the owner and the waiter are shocked) I ’m very sorry. But ⋯ I ⋯ I don’thave anything smaller.OWNER: (still shocked and nervous) Well, ⋯ er ⋯ just one moment. Maggie, look! (the hostess screams, the other customers look at her and she puts a hand to her mouth)Do you think it ’s genuine? HOSTESS: Oh, dear, I don’tknow. I simply don’tknow.OWNER: Well, I did hear that the Bank of England had issued two notes in this amount ⋯ Anyway, I don ’tthink it ’s a fake. People would pay too much attention to a bank note of this amount. No thief would want that to happen.HOSTESS: But he’s in rags!OWNER: Perhaps he’s a very strange, rich man. (as if he has discovered something for the first time) Why, yes! That must be it! HOSTESS: (hits her husband’sarm) And you put him in the back ofthe restaurant! Go and see him at once.OWNER: (to Henry) I ’m so sorry, sir, so sorry, but I cannot change this bank note.HENRY: But it ’s all I have on me.OWNER: Oh, please, don’tworry, sir. Doesn’tmatter at all. We’re so very glad that you even entered our little eating place. Indeed, sir, I hope you’ll come here whenever you like.HENRY: Well, that’s very kind of you.OWNER: Kind, sir? No, it ’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour! As for the bill, sir, please forget it.HENRY: Forget it? Well ⋯ thank you very much. That’s very nice of you.OWNER: Oh, it ’s for us to thank you, sir and I do, sir, from the bottomof my heart. (The owner, the hostess and the waiter all bow as Henry leaves.)Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsHOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTHNo one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe beganwith a “Big Bang ”that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produceda chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by laying eggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, nowwith hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.A VISIT TO THE MOONLast month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. We visited the moon in our spaceship!Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful. Then we were off. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth ’s gravity. It was so hard that we could not say anythingto each other. Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him. “Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground. ”I asked. “We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull,”he explained, “so we feel as if no gravity at all. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, butit will not be as strong a pull as the earth ’s.”I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately. “Come on,”I said. “If you are right, my weight will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely. I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough. I shall certainly weigh less!”I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship. But when I tried to step forward. I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. “Oh dear,”I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.Leaving the moon’s gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth ’s. But returning to the earth was very frightening. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased. Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came backto land. “That was very exhausting but very exciting too, ”I said. “Now I know much more about gravity! Do you think we could visit some stars next time?”“Of course,”he smiled, “which star would you like to go to?”Unit 5 CANADA-“THE TRUE NORTH”A TRIP ON “THE TRUE NORTH”Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then takethe train from west to east across Canada. The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport. He was going to take them and their baggage to catch“The True North”, the cross-Canadatrain. On the way to the station, he chatted about their trip.“You’re going to see some great scenery. Going eastward, you’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. Here in Vancouver, you’re in Canada’s warmest part. People say it is Canada’s most popular cities to live in. Its population is increasing rapidly. The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world. It is so wet there that the treesare extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres”.That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats. Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. Their next stop was Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede. Cowboys from all over the world come to compete in the Stampede. Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.After two days ’travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty. At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and Canada’s population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country. They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres. After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes. The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes. Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world. In fact, it has one-thirdof the world’s total fresh water, and much of it is in the Great Lakes.That night as they slept, the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto.“THE TRUE NORTH”FROM TORONTO TO MONTREALThe next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows werered, gold and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the biggest and most wealthy city in Canada. They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city. They went up the tall CN Tower and looked across the lake. In the distance, they could see the misty cloud thatrose from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. The water flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea.They saw the covered stadium, home of several famous basketball teams. As they walked north from the harbour area, Li Daiyu said, “Lin Fei, one of my mother ’s old schoolmates, lives here. I should phone her from a telephone booth”.They met Lin Fei around dusk in downtown Chinatown, one of the three in Toronto. Over dinner at a restaurant called The Pink Pearl, the cousins chatted with Lin Fei, who had moved to Canada many years earlier. “We can get good Cantonese food here,”Lin Fei told them, “because most of the Chinese people here come from South China, especially Hong Kong. It ’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa, Canada’s capital. It’s approximately four hundred kilometres northeastof Toronto, so it would take too long.”The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal at dawn the next morning. At the station, people everywhere were speaking French. There were signs and ads in French, but some of them had English words in smaller letters. “We don’tleave until this evening,”said Liu Qian. “Let’s go downtown. Old Montreal is close to the water.”They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workplaces beside the water. As they sat in a buffet restaurant looking over the broad St Lawrence River, a young man sat down with them.“Hello, my name is Henri. I’m a student at the university nearby,”he said, “and I was wondering where you are from.”The girls told him they were on a train trip across Canada and that they had only one day in Montreal. “That’s too bad,”he said. “Montreal is a city with wonderful restaurants and clubs. Most of us speak both English and French, but the。
人教高中英语语法综合复习全解动词I讲课文档
Conclusion about auxiliary verbs:
助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用：
(1)表示时态 He is singing.
(2)表示语态 He was sent to England. (3)构成疑问句 Do you like college life?
(4)与否定词not合用，构成否定句。
B. serve for
C. serve to
D. serve on
容易误选B,即字对字地翻译汉语的“全心
全意为人民服务”， 将其中的“为”译为
for。
第二十一页，共57页。
考点梳理3:
及物动词，不及物动词
及物动词(vt.)后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾 语），并且可直接跟宾语。 不及物动词(vi.)后面不可直接接宾语，一般 要加介词后再接宾语。
marry 可用作及物动词或不及物动词，用作及 物动词时它的意思“与某人结婚”，而不仅仅
是“结婚”，也就是说，后接宾语时，无需用 介词to，with等，即marry sb。
3. How can I _____ you, Mr.Green?
A. contact
B. contact with
C. contact to
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
He lives in London.
第二十二页，共57页。
举一反三
1. I ______ you yesterday, but you weren’t in.
A. rang
B. rang to
C. rang with
人教高中英语语法综合复习全解课件动词IPPT
第一页，共57页。
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高一英语 课型：语法 主设计人：冷子敬 学习目标：学会认识定语从句构成及用法。 学习重难点：掌握知识的综合运用，以及是否会运用所学的语法项目。 学习活动：事先完成部分学案，并进行适当的归纳整理。 课前预习-----当天必读：一天三次，一次一遍 定语从句：用来修饰名词和代词的从句，被定语从句修饰的名词和代词叫先行词。所以如果看到这个从句的前面是名词或代词，可能这个从句就是定语从句，定语从句的作用就相当于形容词的作用。 例如：He is a famous person 和He is a person who is famous 两个句子中画线的部分在句中的成分都是定语，都是修饰名词person，只不过第一句中为形容词famuos，第二句是从句who is famous（所以第二句叫定语从句，或形容词性从句） 定语从句和其他的从句一样需要有关系代词和关系副词引导，这里我们主要介绍关系代词：that, which , who ,whom, whose, 关系副词：where, when, why。这些词的主要作用有两个： 第一连接主句和从句；第二在从句中可以充当句子成分，关系代词可作主语，宾语和表语，关系副词可作状语。 that which who whom whose where when why 在句中的成分 主；宾；表 语 主；宾；表 语 主语 宾语； 表语 定语 地点 状语 时间 状语 原因 状语 指代 人或物 物 人 人 人或物 地点 时间 原因 可使用的定语从句 限定性定语从句 限定性和非限定性定语从句 限定性和非限定性定语从句 限定性和非限定性定语从句 限定性和非限定性定语从句 限定性和非限定性定语从句 限定性和非限定性定语从句 限定性和非限定性定语从句 新手上路，找找感觉：试着用上面的关系代词或副词天空 1) I met Tom _______said he knew you 2) He came from a family _______ is very rich 3) I know the girl_______attended the party 4) China is a place_______there is a large population 5) It is a time _____there were many great people 注：非限定性定语从句是对现行词的附加说明，若省去也不影响主句的意思。它和主句之间常用逗号隔开且不用that 引导,有时可以指代整个句子。 如：It is the third longest river in the world, which is more than 6,000 kilometers long 课上学习：用括号中的单词把两个分句连成一句 例如：He wrote a book ; Many people have read the book(which) He wrote a book which many pople have read 1) Some people follow the advice; Our teacher gave the advice (which) ____________________________________________________________ 2) Mao zi was a man; He lived an unusual life (who) ____________________________________________________________ 设计时间：2012-5.24 使用时间： 审核人：_______ _______________
3) He came from an area; People were very poor in the area (where)
____________________________________________________________
4) It was a time; I could understand some English in the time(when)
____________________________________________________________
5) He is a talent student; His ideas are different from others (whose)
____________________________________________________________
5) Paper is the invention; Paper made Cailun famous (which)
____________________________________________________________
6) China is the country; Silk was first made in China(where)
____________________________________________________________
课上学习：（再次挑战英语智商极限） 用that ,when , why , where, which填空
1) I want to know the date_______ you were born
2) I have forgotten the date________ you told me
3) Do you know the reason________ he is absent today?
4) That is the reason_________ I want to know
5) This is the factory________ his father works
6) This is the factory________ his father built
衣带渐宽终不悔，高考消得人憔悴
1) As a child, Jack studied in a village school,________ is named after his grandfather
A which B where C what D that
2) That is the new machine________ parts are too small to be seen
A that B which C whose D what
3) The old temple_______ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair
A where B which C its D whose
4) Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet______ life has developed
gradually
A that B where C which D whose
5) Life is like a long race______ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves
A why B what C that D where
6) It’s helpful to put children in a situation_______ they can see themselves differently
A that B when C which D where
7) Some great people said it was their primary school teachers ______they were fond of____ influenced
their whole lives
A which ; that B that ; which C which ; which D that ; that
反思：
To be continue……………