2014职称英语阅读理解译文排版(理工C)

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2014职称英语真题及答案(各类最全)

2014年职称英语考试真题(综合类C级)第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

1.The AIDS convention will be held in Glasgow.A.partyB.celebrationC.unionD.conference2.He made a number of rude remarks about the food.mentsB.signsC.mannersD.noises3.The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by10%.A.returnB.realizeC.increaseD.doubleck of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.A.receivesB.preventsC.deservesD.accepts5.Take some spare clothes in case you get wet,A.extraB.fineC.winterD.outdoor6.The book raised a storm of controversy.A.damageB.voiceC.argumentD.doubt7.His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her.A.jumpB.hopeC.silenceD.life8.I'm sure I'll able to amuse myself for a few hours.A.treatB.entertainC.holdD.keep9.Some comments are just inviting trouble.A.keeping out ofB.getting intoC.asking forD.suffering from10.My principal concern is to get the job done fast.A.seriousB.deepC.particularD.main11.Several windows had been smashed.A.cleanedB.brokenC.replacedD.fixed12.His knowledge of French is fair.A.quite goodB.very usefulC.very limitedD.rather special13.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A.discoverB.proveC.considerD.imagine14.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A.partsB.aspectsC.painsD.results15.Afterwards there was just a feeling of letdown.A.excitementB.disappointmentC.angerD.calm第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读理解文章及译文(4)

2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读理解文章及译文（4）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。

小编为您整理职称英语教材中，阅读理解部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。

Motoring Technology1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.Travelling at speed has always been dangerous. One advanced area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants. They can ensure you don’t miss important road signs or fall asleep. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology "sees through" big vehicles blocking your view.And improvements to seat belts, pedal(脚踏)controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape.But whatever is in the fuel tank, you don’t want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations(创新).Satellite tracking and remote communications can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help.Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road. Such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyons’s personal chauffeur(司机),but their latest efforts suggest that won’t be soon.1.To reduce car crash rate,many scientists are working hard toA.design fully automatic cars.B.develop faster electric vehicles.C.analyze road deaths occurring worldwide each year.D.improve the safety of cars and develop new fuels.2.According to the second paragraph,most road accidents happen due toA.heavy traffic.B.human mistakes.C.engine failure.D.bad weather.3.Which of the following safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.B.Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog.C.Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles.D.Improvements in seat belts,pedal controls and tyres.4.Satellite tracking and remote communication systems cna be used toA.reduce oil consumption.B.remove the obstacles on the road.C.call for help when one’s car crashes.D.help drivers get out of a traffic jam.5.Which of the following statements is true of robotic drivers?A.It will take some time before robotic drivers are available.B.Robotic drivers are not allowed to driveon busy roads.C.Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers.D.Robotic drivers are too expensive to use.答案与题解：1.C 文章第一段的意思是：在世界范围内，每年发生120万起交通死亡事故，加上5000万起伤残事故，因此正在进行的许多研究的重点是安全问题和新燃料问题，尽管一些电动车和生物燃料的研究旨在达到更快的速度。

2014年职称英语考试用书理工类教材 word版完整清晰版

2014年职称英语等级考试用书（理工类）第二部分阅读判断第一篇Inventor of LED第二篇E1 Nino第三篇Smoking第四篇Engineering Ethics 第五篇Recue Platform第六篇Microchip Research Center Created第七篇ModerateEarthquake StrikesEngland第八篇What isdream第九篇Dangers AwaitBabies withAltitude第十篇Thy biologyof music第四部阅读理解第一篇Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict第三篇 Citizen Scientists第四篇 Motoring Technology第五篇 Late-Night Drinking第六篇 Making Light of Sleep第七篇 Sugar Power for Cell Phones第八篇 Eiffel Is an Eyeful第九篇 Egypt Felled by Famine 第十篇 Young FemaleChimps Outlearn TheirBrothers第十二篇 Florida Hit byCold Air Mass第十三篇 InvisibilityRing第十四篇 Japanese CarKeeps Watch for DrunkDrivers第十五篇 Winged RobotLearns to Fly第十六篇 JapaneseDrilling into Core ofEarth*第十七篇 A Sunshade forthe Planet*第十八篇 Thirst for Oil*第十九篇Musical RobotCompanion EnhancesListener Experience*第二十篇 Explorer ofthe Extreme Deep*第二十一篇 Plant Gas*第二十二篇 Snowflakes*第二十三篇 Powering aCity? It's a Breeze.*第二十四篇 UndergroundCoal Fires -- a LoomingCatastrophe*第二十五篇 Eat to Live*第二十六篇 Male andFemale Pilots CauseAccidents Differently*第二十七篇 Driven toDistraction*第二十八篇 Sleep LetsBrain File Memories*第二十九篇 I will BeBach*第三十篇 Digital Realm*第三十一篇 HurricaneKatrina*第三十二篇Mind-reading Machine*第三十三篇 Experts Callfor Local and RegionalControl of Sites forRadioactive第五部分补全短文第二篇 The BilingualBrain第三篇 How deafinessMakes It Easierto Hear第六部分完型填空第一篇 Captain CookArrow Legend第二篇 Avalanche andIts Safety第四篇 Animal's"Sixth Sense"第五篇 Singing AlarmsCould Save the Blind* 第六篇 Car ThievesCould Be Stopped Remotely* 第七篇 AnIntelligent Car* 第九篇 Wonder Webs* 第十篇Chicken Soupfor the Soul：ComfortFood Fights Loneliness1第一篇Inventor of LED1. Holonyak’s colleagues thou ght he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned2. Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson- MIT Prizesooner or later.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4.Holonyak believed that LEDs would become very popular in the future.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. Edith Flanigen is the onlyco-inventor of LEDs.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. The Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 years.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 第二篇 El Nino1. The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict El Nino a few months in advance. A RightB WrongC No mentioned2. The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past EI Nino occurrences and sea-surface temperatures.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. The Columbia University researchers are the first to usesea-surface temperatures to match the past El Nino occurrences.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. Weare’s contribution in predicting El Nino, was highly praised by other meteorologists.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by El Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned6. It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned7. A special institute has bee n set up in America to study El Nino.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned第三篇Smoking1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous. A Right B WrongC Not mentioned2. Smoking reduces one’s life expectancy. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned3. Smoking may induce lung cancer.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. There is evidence that smoking isresponsible for breast cancer.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. Male smokers have a lower deathrate from heart disease than femalesmokers. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned6. Nicotine is poisonous.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. Filters and low tar tobacco makesmoking safe.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第四篇 Engineering Ethics1. Engineering ethics is a compulsorysubject in every institute of scienceand technology in the United States. ARight B Wrong C Not mentioned2. The number of students wishing totake the course of engineering ethicsis declining at Texas A&M University.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. The National Science Foundationinvolves itself directly in writing upmaterial about ethical issues. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned4. It seems that medical ethics andbusiness ethics are more mature thanengineering ethics. A Right B Wrong CNot mentioned5. Several engineering professors havequit from teaching to protest againstthe creation of a new course inengineering ethics. A Right B Wrong CNot mentioned6. Many engineering professors maynot have time to prepare material forclass discussion on professional ethics.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. It is likely that following thisintroductory passage, the author willprovide the necessary material relatedto the topic of engineering ethics. ARight B Wrong C Not mentioned第五篇Rescue Platform1. A rescue platform called the Eagle iscapable of moving vertically but notsideways.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2. The four propellers are fittedhorizontally to the Eagle.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. With the help of jet engines, theEagle can fly at a speed of 100 milesan hour.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. In the third paragraph, the wordhelicopter refers to the Eagle.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. The mare jet engines are fitted tothe propellers, the more people theplatform can carry.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. In the wake of September 11, Mr.Metreveli has secured enough fundingto build up a small-scale model of theEagle to test his idea.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. Mr. Metreveli is designing for Israela more advanced form of rescueplatform than the Eagle or the Eaglet.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第六篇Microchip ResearchCenter Created1. The country says that theinvestment of US $14 million is bigenough for dev eloping that country’schip industry.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2. That country gives top priorities todeveloping chips for military purposes.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. Although the licensing fees are notvery high, that Far Eastern countrycannot afford to pay.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned.4. Many western countries ban theexporting of the most advancedchip-making technologies to thatcountry to prevent them from beingused for military purposes.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. Currently, almost all the flagshipchipmakers in that country are ownedby American investors.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. Mainstream chip productiontechnology develop rapidly. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned7. More than 10 chip plants being builtin that country are an example ofself-reliance.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第七篇Moderate EarthquakeStrikes England1. During the April 28 earthquake, thewhole England was left without power.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2. The Channel Tunnel was closed for10 hours after the earthquakeoccurred.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. It was reported that one lady hadgot her head and neck injured, but notseriously.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. France and several other Europeancountries sent their medical teams towork side by side with the Britishdoctors.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned25. The country’s strongest earthquake took place in London in 1580.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. Musson predicted that another earthquake would occur in southeast England sooner or later. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 7. It can be inferred from the passage that England is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned.第八篇What Is a Dream?1．Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 2．According to Freud, people dream about things that they cannot talk about.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 3．Jung believed that dreams did not help one to understand oneself.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 4．In the past, people believed that dreams involved emotions.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 5．According to Domhoff, babies do not have the same ability to dream as adults do.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 6．Men and women dream about different things.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 7．Scientists agree that dreams predict the future.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned 第九篇Dangers Await Babies with Altitude1. According to the passage，one of the reasons why newborns in mountain communities are underweight is that their mothers are under-nourished.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2. Giussani’s team members are all British researchers and professors from Cambridge University.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. Giussani did not expect to find that the weight of a baby had little to do with the financial conditions of the family he was born into.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. The weight of a newborn has to do with the supply of oxygen even when he was still in his mother’s womb.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. High-altitude babies have heads that are larger than their bodies. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6. High-altitude babies have longer but thinner limbs than average.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned 7. Giussani has arrived at theconclusion that babies in high-altituderegions are more likely to have hearttrouble when they grow up. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned*第十篇The Biology of Music1．Humans, but not animals, can sing.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned2．People can use music tocommunicate their emotions.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned3．We use the same part of the brainfor music and language.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned4．Geoffery Miler has done researchon music and emotions.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned5．It’s hard for humans to composemusic.A RightB WrongC Not- mentioned6．Memory is not an important part insinging in tune.A RightB WrongC Not-mentioned 7．Scientists does notknow all the answers about theeffects of music on humans. ARight B Wrong C Not-mentioned第五部分补全短文第一篇Mobile PhonesMobile phones should carry a label ifthey proved1to be a dangerous sourceof radiation, according to Robert Bell,a scientist. And no more mobile phonetransmitter towers should be builtuntil the long-term health effects ofthe electromagnetic radiation theyemit are scientifically evaluated, hesaid. “Nobody’s going to drop deadovernight2but we should be asking formore scientific information,” RobertBell said at a conference on the healtheffects of low-level radiation. 1 “Ifmobile phones are found to bedangerous, they should carry awarning label until proper shields canbe devised,” he said.A report widelycirculated among the public says thatup to now scientists do not really knowenough to guarantee there are noill-effets on humans fromelectromagnetic radiation. Accordingto Robert Bell, there are 3.3 millionmobile phones in Australia alone andthey are increasing by 2,000 a day3. 2By the year 20004 it is estimated thatAustralia will have 8 million mobilephones: nearly one for every twopeople.As well, there are 2,000 transmittertowers around Austrnlia, many in highdensity residential areas5. 3 E Forexample, Telstra, Optus andVodaphone build their towers where itis geographically suitable to them anddisregard the need of the community.The electromagnetic radiation emittedfrom these towers may have alreadyproduced some harmful effects on thehealth of the residents nearby. RobertBell suggests that until more researchis completed the Government shouldban construction of phone towers fromwithin a 500 metre radius of schoolgrounds, child care centres, hospitals,sports playing fields and residentialareas with a high percentage ofchildren. 4 A He says there is emergingevidence that children absorblow-level radiation at a rate more thanthree times that of adults6.He addsthat there is also evidence that ifcancer sufferers are subjected toelectromagnetic waves the growth rateof the disease accelerates. 5 D Thenwho finances the research? Accordingto Robert Bell, it is reasonable for themajor telephone companies to fund it.Besides, he also urges theGovernment to set up a wide-ranginginquiry into possible health effects.第二篇The World’s LongestBridgeRumor has it that1a legendarysix-headed monster lurks in thedeep waters of the Tyrrhenian Seabetween Italy and the island ofSicily. 1 If true, one day youmight spy the beast while zipping(呼啸而过) across the MessinaStrait Bridge. When completed in2010, the world’s longest bridgewill weigh nearly 300,000 tonsequivalent to the iceberg thatsank the Titanic — and stretch 5kilomerers long. “that’s nearly 50percent longer than any otherbridge ever built,” saysstructural engineer Shane Rixon.2 What do the world’s longestbridges have in common? They’resuspension bridges, massivestructures built to span vastwater channels or gorges. Asuspension bridge needs just twotowers to shoulder the structure’smammoth weight, thanks to heftysupporting cables slung betweenthe towers and anchored firmly indeep pools of cement at each endof the bridge. The Messina StraitBridge will have two 54,00-ton34towers, which will support most of the bridge ’s load. The beefy cables of the bridge, each 1.2 meter in diameter, will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built. When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005, the first job will be to erect two 370 meter-tall steel towers. 3 The second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait, each set being a bundle of 44,352individual steel wires. Gettingthese cables up will be something 2. It ’s not just their length — totally 5.3 kilometers — but their weight. 4 They will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons — more than-half the bridge’s total mass. After lowering vertical “suspender ” cables from the main cables, builders will erect a 60meter-wide 54,630-ton steel roadway, or deck — wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic. The deck ’s weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70,500 tons. In return, the cables yank up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 139,000 tons — equivalent to the weight of about 100,000 cars. Those anchors are essential. 5 They ’re what will keep the bridge from going anywhere.第三篇 Reinventing the Table An earth scientist has rejigged theperiodic table 1to make chemistry simpler to teach to students. 1 There have been many attempts to redesign the periodic table since Dmitri Mendeleev drew it up in 1871.But Bruce Railsback from the University ofGeorgia 3says he is the first to create a table that breaks with tradition and shows the ions of each element rather than just the elements themselves. “I got tired of breaking my arms trying to explain the periodic table to earth students,”he says, criss-crossing his hands in the air and pointing to different bits of a traditional table. 2 Railsback has still ordered the elements according to the number of protons they have. But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which. “Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of what’s going on with the elements,” says Albert Galyfrom the University of Cambridge 4. 3“I imagine this would be good for undergraduates.” 4 Railsback has listed some elements more than once. He explains that sulphur, for example, shows up in three different spots — one for sulphide, which is found in minerals, one for sulphite, and one for sulphate, which is found in sea salt, for instance. He has also included symbols to show which ions arc nutrients, and which are common in soil or water. 5 And the size of element’s symbol reflects how much of it is found in the Earth’s crust.第四篇 The Bilingual BrainWhen Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea’s a teenager, he had a hard time learning English. Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.1 As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York. 1Their work led to an important discovery. They found evidence that children and adults don’t use the same parts of the brain when they learn a second language. The researchers used an instrument called an MRI2 (magnetic resonance imaging) scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people. 2One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children. The other consisted of people who ， like Kim ，learned their second language later in life. People from both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner. This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of the brain were getting more blood and were more active. They asked people from both groups to think about what they had done the day before, first in one language and then the other. They couldn’t speak out loud because any movement would disrupt the scanning. Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain - Broca's area3, which is believed to control speech production, and Wernicke’s area3, which is thought to process meaning. Kim and Hirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language they were speaking. 3 But their use of Broca ’s area was different. People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca’s area for both their first and second languages. People who learned asecond language later in life used a dif ferent part of Broca’s area for their second language. 4 How does Hirsch explain this difference? Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children, their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area. Once that programming is complete, the processing of a new language must be taken over by a different part of the brain. A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do as adults. Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch, sound, and sight. 5 And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.第五篇 The Magic of Sound Music is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic expressions ever invented. In movies and plays, music has an added function 1: it not only moves people but also can shock people. Is it true that an ordinarymusical instrument can be so powerful? Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels. Once sound exceeds this limit 2, even beautifulmusic will become car-splitting noise 3and harm health. A strong blast of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet. 1 High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat. The noise from a plane’s engine is over 140 decibels. However, the sound of a flute is at most a few decibels. 2 Therefore, the sound of ordinary musical instruments cannot harm your health. It has been proven that people who have worked in an environment with a high sound intensity for a long time suffer varying degrees of heart disease or altered brain waves. In movies, sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people can ’t hear and only those who have the same ability can feel. In nature, there is actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics, the sound that exceeds 20,000 Hz is called ultrasonic. 3 Dolphins, whales and bats can make suchhigh-frequency sound.It does no harm to health. Sound less than 20 Hz is called infrasonic waves. When we move, the air will vibrate. 4 The vibration of air can produce5infrasonic waves. As thefrequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of people ’s internalorgans 4, infrasonic wave may cause resonance in human bodies. As a result, people ’s vision may weaken and internal organs may rupture. However, whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapondepends on its intensity 5. If its intensity is very low, it won ’t damage internal organs or a person ’s health. 5 If the intensity of infrasonic wave exceeds 160 decibels, it is extremely harmful. When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over thesea 6, it will produce infrasonic waves of several decibels. Only typhoons can produce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present, scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerful electric power.第六篇 Dung to Death 1Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant“superbugs ”.2The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm slurry. 1 His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have bannedantibiotics as growth promoters in animal fee .Some 20,000 tons of antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. 2 But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people. Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating contaminatedmeat.3But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science andTechnology in Dubendorf. 3 And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says. With millions of tons of animals manure spread onto fields of crops such as wheat and barley each year, thispathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance,4he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten. 4 They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. 5 They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water. His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a highpercentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs. This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria.5But vets are nottreating the issue seriously. There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, includingantibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excretedunchanged and are not broken down by conventional sewage treatment. 第七篇 Time in the Animal World Rhythm controls everything in Nature. 1 It controls, for example, the flapping of birds’ wings, the beating of the heart and the rising and setting of the sun.The sun provides a basic time rhythm for all living creatures including humans. Nearly all animals are influenced by sun cycles and have developed a biological clock in their bodies following these cycles. The moon also exerts its force and influence on the sea. Its gravitational attraction causes the rising of the tide. 2 The tide goes out when the moon moves away and its attraction is weaker. When the moon is behind the Earth, centrifugal force causes the second tide of the day. Animals living in tidal areas must have the instinct of predicting these changes, to avoid being stranded and dying of dehydration. Since the time of the dinosaurs, the king crab has been laying eggs 1at the seaside in a set way 2. To avoid predator fish 3, the eggsare always far from seawater and protected by sand. In the following two months, the eggs undergo dramatic changes related to the cycles of the moon 4. When the second spring tide comes, the young king crabs have matured. 3 The second spring tide takes them back to the sea. Most of the mammals, either the giant elephant or the small shrew, have the same average total number of heart beats in their lifetime. Shrews live only for two and a half years, and spend their life at a high speed and high tempo. Animals like shrews with a pulse rate of 600 per minute have an average total of eight hundred million heartbeats 5throughout their life. The African elephant has a pulse rate of 25 beats per minute, and a life span 6of 60 years. The size of the body determines the speed of life. 4 The larger the animal is, the longer its life span is and the slower its life tempo is.As we get older, our sense of time is being influenced by the physiological changes of our body. The elderly spend more time resting, and do few sports. 5 For an adult, time goes fast year by year. For a child, a week is seen as a long time.第八篇 Watching Microcurrents FlowWe can now watch electricity as it flows through even the tiniest circuits. By scanning the magnetic field generated as electric currents flow through objects, physicists have managed 1 to picture the progress of the currents. The technology will allow manufacturers to scan microchips for faults, as well as revealing microscopic defects in anything from aircraft to banknotes. Gang Xiao and Ben Schrag at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, visualize the current by measuring subtle changes in the magnetic field of an object and 2 converting the information into a color picture showing the density of current at each point .Their sensor is adapted 1from an existing piece of technology that is used to measure large magneticfields in computer hard drives.2“We redesigned the magnetic sensor to make it capable of measuring very weak changes in magnetic fields,” says Xiao. The resulting device is capable of detecting a current as weak as 10 microamperes , even when the wireis buried deep within a chip, and it shows up features as small as 40 nanometers across. At present, engineers looking for defects in a chip have to peel off the layers and examine the circuits visually; this is one of the obstacles 3 to making chips any smaller. But the new magnetic microscope is sensitive enough to look inside chips and reveal faults such as short circuits, nicks in the wires or electro migration — where a dense area of current picks up surrounding atoms and move them along. “It is like watching a river flow,”explains Xiao. As well as scanning tiny circuits, the microscope can be used to reveal the internal structure of any object capable of conductingelectricity.3For example, itcould look directly at microscopic cracks in an aeroplane’s fuselage, 4 faults in the metal strip of a forged banknote or bacteria in a water sample.The technique cannot yet pick up electrical activity in the human brain because the current there is too small, but Xiaodoesn’t rule it out 4in the future.“I can never say never,” he says. Although the researchers have only just made the technical details of the microscope public,it is already on sale,5fromelectronics company Micro Magnetics in Fall River, Massachusetts. It is currently the size of a refrigerator and takes several minute to scan a circuit, but Xiao and Schrag arc working 5 to shrink it to the size of a desktop computer and cut the scanning time to 30 seconds .第九篇Heat Is KillerExtremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can cause serious medical problems —even death. Floods, storms, volcano eruptions and other natural disasters kill thousands of people every year.１So does extreme heat.Experts say heat may be nat ure’s deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing more than one hundred people in India. It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. ２Several hot days are considered a heatwave. Experts say heat waves oftenbecome dangerous when thenighttime temperature does not dropmuch from the highest daytimetemperature. This causes great stresson the human body.３Doctors say people can do manythings to protect themselves fromthe dangers of extreme heat. outof the sun, if possible. Drinklots of cool water. Wear lightcolored clothing made of naturalmaterials; avoid wearingsynthetic clothing. Make sure theclothing is loose, permittingfreedom of movement1. And learnthe danger signs of the medicalproblems, such as headache andvomiting that are linked to heat.Most people suffer only musclepain as a result of heat stress.４Most people suffer only musclepain as a result of heatstress.pain is a warning that thebody is becoming too hot2. Doctorssay those suffering headache ormuscle pain should stop allactivity3and rest in a cool placeand drink cool liquids. Do notreturn to physical activity for afew hours because more seriousconditions could develop: Doctorssay some people face an increaseddanger from heat stress.５Suchpersons have a weak or damagedheart, high blood pressure, orother problems of the bloodsystem.Hot weather also increasesdangers for people who must takemedicine for high blood pressure4,poor blood flow, nervousness ordepression.第十篇How Deafness Makes ItEasier to HearMost people think of Beethoven’shearing loss as an obstacle tocomposing music. However, heproduced his most powerful works inthe last decade of his life when he wascompletely deaf.This is one of the most glorious casesof the triumph of will over adversity1,but his biographer, Maynard Solomon,takes a different view. 1_ Solomonargues that Beethoven’s deafness“heightened”his achievement as acomposer. In his deaf worldBeethoven could experiment, freefrom the sounds of the outside world,free to create new forms andharmonies.Hearing loss does not seemto affect the musical ability ofmusicians who become deaf. Theycontinue to “hear” music with asmuch, or greater, accuracy than if theywere actually hearing it being played.2Michael Eagar, who died in2003,became deaf at the age of 21. Hedescribed a fascinating phenomenonthat happened within three months:“my former musical experiencesbegan to play back to me. I couldn’tdifferentiate between what I heardand real hearing.2 After many years, itis still rewarding to listen to these playbacks, to ‘ hear’ music which is new tome and to find many quietaccompaniments for all of mymoods. ”How is it that the world wesee，touch，hear，and smell is both“out there”and at the same timewithin us? There is no better exampleof this connection between externalstimulus and internal perception thanthe cochlear implant3. 3 Noman-made device could replace theability to hear. However, it might bepossible to use the brain’s remarkablepower to make sense of the electricalsignals the implant produces.WhenMichael Edgar first “switched on” hiscochlear implant, the sounds he heardwere not at all clear. Gradually, withmuch hard work, he began to identifyeveryday sounds. For example, “Theinsistent ringing of the telephonebecame clear almost at once.”Theprimary purpose of the implant is toallow communication with others.When people spoke to Eagar, he heardtheir voices “coming through like along-distance telephone call on a poorconnection.” But when it came to hisbeloved music, the implant was of nohelp.4 _ When he wanted toappreciate music, Eagar played thepiano . He said, “I play the piano as Iused to and hear it in my head at thesame time. The movement of myfingers and the feel of the keys giveadded ‘ clarity’ to hearing in myhead.5”Cochlear implants allow thedeaf to hear again in a way that is notperfect，but which can change theirlives. 5 Still, as Michael Eagardiscovered, when it comes to musicalharmonies, hearing is irrelevant. Eventhe most amazing cochlear implantswould have been useless toBeethoven as he composed his NinthSymphony at the end of his life.6。

2014职称英语C级完形填空及译文

2014职称英语教材-卫生类C级5篇完形填空及参考译文（红色为书中选项答案）1 Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is FoundThe World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.Current treatments take at least six months. People have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The World Health Organization reductions the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.2 A Biological Clock(新增)Every living thing has what sicentists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the folwers should open, It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away, and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, skeep and wake.Events outside the plant and animal affect the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example,that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur because of the number of hours of daylight, In the short days of winter, its fur becomes white,The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight in summer.Inner signals control other biological clocks. German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration flight twice each year. Birdsprevented from flyin become restless when it is time for the trip, but they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.Scientists say they are beginning to learn which parts of the brain contain biological clocks.An American researcher,Martin Moorhead,said a small group of cells near the front of the brain seems to control the timing of some of our actions, These cells tell a oerson when to awaken,when to sleep and when to seek food, Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities.Dr.Moorhead is studying how our biological clocks affect the way we do our work. For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours.It Can take many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours Dr.Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers ,He said such understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factory`s production.3 One Good Reason to Let Smallpox LiveIt’s now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it—one in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?in reality, of course, it was naive to imagine that everyone would let go of such a potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have a few much vials. And the last “official” stocks of lice virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia, for no obvious gain.Now American researchers have found an animal model of the human disease, opening the way for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So one again there’s a good reason to keep the virus —just in case t he disease puts in a reappearance.How do we_deal with the mistrust of the US and Russia? Simple Keep the virus under international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that’s open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesn’t mean the idea is wrong. If the virus is useful, then let’s make it the servant of all humanity—not just a part of it.4 Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of CancersDiet is second only to tobacco as a leading cause of cancer and, along with alcohol, is responsible for nearly one third of cases of the disease in developed countries, a leading researcher said on Tuesday.Dr. Tim Key, of the University of Oxford, told a cancer conference that scientists are still discovering how certain foods contribute to cancer,but they know that diet, alcohol and obesity . play a major role.“Five percent of cancers could be avoided if nobody was obese,” he said.While tobacco is blinked to about 30 percent of cancer cases, diet is involved in an estimated 25 percent and alcohol in about six percent.Obesity raises the risk of breast, womb, bowel and kidney cancer, while alcohol is known to cause cancers of the mouth, throat and liver, Its dangerous impact is increased when combined with smoking.Key told the meeting of the charity Cancer Research UK that other elements of diet linked to cancer are still unknown but scientists are hoping that the EPIC study, which is comparing the diets of 500,000 people in 10 countries and their risk of cancer, will provide some answers.Early results of the study have revealed that Norway, Sweden and Denmark have the lowest consumption of fruit and vegetables among European countries while Italy and Spain have the highest. Eating at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day is recommended to reduce the risk of cancer.Key, principal scientist on the EPIC study, said it is looking at dietary links to some of the most common cancers including colorectal, breast and prostate.5 Men Too May Suffer from Domestic ViolenceNearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner during their lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to look at domestic violence and health among men."Many men actually do experience domestic violence, although we don't hear about it often," Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the study's authors, told Reuters Health. "They often don't tell __ and__ we don't ask. We want to get the message out to men who do experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources available to them "The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical abuse , such as threats that made them fear for their safety, controlling behavior (for example, being told who they could associate with and where they could go), and constant name-calling.Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner __violence in the past five years, while 6. 1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year.Rates were lower for men 55 and older ,with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months.Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been victims of domestic violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violence the men experienced was physical.However, the physical violence men reported wasn't as harsh as that suffered by women in a previous study; 20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compared to 61 percent ofwomenMen who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental health problems than those who had not, especially older men, the researchers found.译文1.找到速效治疗剂可以更好控制结核病世界卫生组织估计全球有大约三分之一的人感染了导致结核病的病菌。

2014年职称英语理工阅读理解字典版典版理工类50篇

46. Ants have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"17．A Sunshade for the Planet（地球防晒霜）34．Batteries built by viruses（病毒电池）3. Citizen Scientists（公民科学家）39. Clone Farm（克隆农场）50. Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities(手机增加交通行人死) 27．Driven to Distraction（分散注意力驾驶）30.Digital Realm（数码王国）37."Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning （不要再就餐时间以外饮酒有了新含义）44. Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed（捍卫进化论仍有必要）8. Eiffel Is an Eyeful（引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔）9.Egypt Felled by Famine（埃及饱受饥荒折磨）20．Explorer of the Extreme Deep（深海探索器）25. Eat to Live（为生存而食）33. Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste（专家呼吁局部和区域控制放射性废物地点）1. Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles（福特放弃电动汽车）43.Forecasting Methods（天气预报的方法）31.Hurricane Katrina（卡特里娜飓风）29.I ll be bach13．Invisibility Ring（隐形环）14．Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers（日本用来监视醉酒司机的新型概念车）16. Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth（日本人的地心旅行）5. Late-night Drinking（在深夜饮咖啡）36. Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning听觉仪器提供早期山崩预警）38. Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan47.Listening to Birdsong（倾听鸟鸣）6. Making Light of Sleep4. Motoring Technology（汽车技术）26．Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently（男女飞行员引起飞行事故的差异）32.Mind-reading Machine19. Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience12. Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass（弗罗里达遭受冷气团袭击）21.Plant Gas（植物，沼气的又一来源）23. Powering a City? It's a Breeze（风力发电？轻而易举）35.Putting Plants to work（植物效能）48. Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright 42.Renewable Energy Sources（可再生能源）45. Small But Wise7．Sugar Power for Cell Phones（用糖为手机发电）22. Snowflakes（雪花）28.Sleep Lets Brain File Memories（睡眠促使记忆归档储存）40. Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety（教数学，教焦虑）（2012新增）18．Thirst for Oil（石油匮乏）41.Too Little for Global Warming（全球变暖缺油）24. Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe（地下煤着火-即将来临的灾难）49.U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars（美国科学家确认火星上有水）11. When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach2. World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict （世界石油产量可能提前十年达到峰值）15. Winged Robot Learns to Fly（肋生双翅机器人学飞行）10. Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers（年轻雌猩猩学习优于他们的弟兄）（一）Ford abandons electric vehicles（福特放弃电动汽车）1.What have the Ford motor company, General Motor's and Honda done concerning electric cars?C They have given up producing electric cars.2. According to Tim Holmes of Ford Europe, battery-powered carsB will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future.3.Which' auto `manufacturers are still producing electric vehicles?A Toyota and Nissan.4.According to the eighth paragraph, hybrid carsC run more miles than petrol driven cars.5.Which of the following is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to the last paragraph?D The legislation will allow morelow-emission to be produced.（二）World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict （世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值）1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “Sparked” Appearing in paragraph 2?”B stimulated2.The term “a bell shaped curve” appearing in paragraph 2 indicates that global oil productionwillD start to decline after global oil production peaks.3.Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model?D It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production.4.What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in the last paragraph?A It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014.5.Who develop the new version of the Hubbert model?B Kuwaiti scientists.（三）Citizen scientists（公民科学家）1. Ecologists turn to non-scientist citizens for help because they need themC to collect data of the life cycle of living things.2.What are citizen scientists asked to do?B To send their research observations to a professional database.3.In “All that's needed to become one ... (paragraph2)” , what does the word “one” stands forB a citizen scientist.4.What is NOT true of Project BudBurst?A Only experts can participate in it.5 .What is the final purpose of Project BudBurst?D To investigate how plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.（四）Motoring technology（汽车技术）1.What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate?C They focus their research on safety and new fuels.2.According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happenB because drivers make mistakes.3.Which of the safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage?D Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.4.What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use satellite tracking and remote communications?C To call for help when the car gets jammed in the traffic.5.What is true of robotic drivers?A It will take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practical use.（五）Late-night drinking（在深夜饮咖啡）1.The author mentions "pick-me-up" to indicate that C coffee is a stimulant.2.Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?C Caffeine halves the body's levels of sleep hormone.3.What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?A Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.4.What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove?D Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.5.The author of this passage probably agrees thatB we should not drink coffee after supper. （六）Making Light of Sleep（不要太在意睡眠）2012新增1 .The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock becauseB it has a cycle of 24 hours.2. What is implied in the second paragraph?C Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.3. In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader thatB staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers' ability to think and learn.4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?C Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.5. According to the last two paragraphs，what did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system?B The human eye had one light-sensing system.（七）Sugar power for cell phones（用糖为手机发电）1. According to the first paragraph, when can we share our sweet drinks with our cell phones?C When the technology of a new type of fuel cell is suitable for mass production.2.What trouble did Minteer and Klotzbach have in their research?A They had trouble keeping enzymes in fuel cells active.3. According to Paragraph 5, electrons are releasedC when the enzyme oxidizes the glucose froma sugary liquid that goes through a pocket.4.What is exciting about the new fuel cells?B Their limited power generation capacity is a good beginning.5.According to the last paragraph, what isNOT true of the new fuel cells?D It will take some time before the new fuel cells can be used in popular products.（八）Eiffel is an eyeful（引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔）1. Why does the author think the Eiffel Tower is transformed into symbol' of a world on the move?B Tourists of all nationalities come- to, scribble on the cold iron of the tower.2.What seems strange to the author?A Visitors prefer wasting time scribbling to enjoying the view.3.Which statement is NOT true of Hugues Richard?C He climbed 747 steps up ,the tower in 19 minutes and 4 seconds4.What did the builder use the Eiffel Tower for?B Conducting research in various fields.5.Which of the following is neatest in meaning to " (The Eiffel Tower is like) a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will" ?C Visitors can imagine freely what the tower represents.（九）Egypt felled by famine（埃及饱受饥荒折磨）1.Why does the author mention "pyramid builders"?D Because even they were unable to rescue their civilisation.2.Which of the following factors was ultimately responsible for the fall of the civilisation of ancient Egypt?A Change of climate.3.Which of the following statements is true?D The White Nile and the Blue Nile are branches of the River Nile.4.According to Krom, Egypt's Old Kingdom fellA immediately after a period of drought.5.The word “devastating” in the last paragraph could be best replaced byB“damaging”.（十）Young female chimps outlearn their brothers（年轻雌猩猩学习优于她们的弟兄）1.Why do young female chimps learn faster than young male chimps at -fishing for termites?B Because young female chimps begin to study their mothers earlier.2.What are the tools with which chimps fish, for termites?B Vegetation.3.Which of the following is .true about chimps fishing for termites according to paragraph 6? C Females could get out more termites with every dip.4.How did the researchers explain the fact that boy chimps spent more time on playingD It will make them good fighters and hunters' in the future.5.According to the last paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?A Adult chimps hunt monkeys while young chimps fish for termites.（十一）第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach1. What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph 1 find?C Hungry people are more sensitive tofood-related words than stomach-full people.2. Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment?B Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testees, hungry and non-hungry.3. What does the writer want to tell us?C Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs.4. What did the results of the experiment indicate?A 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceive.5. What can we infer from the passage?D Humans can perceive what they need without involving high-level thinking processes.（十二）Florida hit by cold air mass（佛罗里达遭受冷气团袭击）1.Which of the following statements is not meant in the first two paragraphs?B The temperature in the United States except the South dropped below the freezing mark. 2. According to the second paragraph, in which area( s) did.the temperature fall below zero?B Parts of interior South Florida.3.King's statement that "We brought shorts,T-shirt, and 1 had to go out and buy another coat.''shows thatA he was caught by the sudden cold.ernor Jeb issue the emergency order because heC wanted to encourage trucks to transport as much fruit to market as possible.5.Which statement is NOT true according to the last paragraph?D Florida Citrus Mutual sprayed trees with sprinklers for citrus growers..（十三）Invisibility ring（隐形环）1.Harry Potter is mentioned in the passage, because scientistsC try to invent a device similar in idea to theinvisible cloak he uses.2.What is true of microwaves?B Their wavelengths are longer than those of visible light.3.What is NOT true of the invisibility device?B Microwaves bounce off it when' they, strike it.''4.What does the word "coaster" mean in the passage?A disk or plate placed under a drinking glass to protect a table top.5.Harry Potter's invisibility cloak doesn't have any real competition yet, becauseC the cloaking device works only for, microwaves.（十四）Japanese car keeps match for drunk drivers（日本用来监视醉酒司机的新型概念车）1.Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Japanese concepts car?C It has sensors locked up in the ignition system.2.What has V olvo developed?B A breathalyzer attached to a car's seat belt.3.What is the. function of .the. camera. mentioned in Paragraph 4?A It monitors the driver's eyes-to see ,if he needs a rest.4.According to Doi,D Nissan aims to improve the detection technology to reduce the fatality rate.5.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 6?B The car will automatically keep to its lane. （十五）Winged robot learns to fly（肋生双翅机器人学飞行）1.Which of the following is NOT true of what is mentioned about the winged robot in the second paragraph?C The two professors of CUT programmed the data on' how the robot flapped its wings.2.How did the robot behave at the beginning of the test?B It twitched but gradually gained height.3.Which of the following is nearest to Peter, Bentley’s view on the winged robot?A The winged robot- could never really fly4.What measured how much lift the robot produced?B A movement detector.5.What does “the process” appearing in the last paragraph refer to?D All the above.（十六）Japanese drilling into core of earth （日本人的地心旅行）1.According to the passage, Mount Unzen B erupted in 1991.2.According to the passage, the study of the Mount Unzen volcano may benefit Japan in all the following aspects EXCEPTD predicting volcano eruptions.3.Why is- this research project so important to Japan?A Because Japan has many living volcanos.4.The drilling site on Mount Unzen isC about half way up the mountain.5.The title of this passage Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth actually means that' theyA drill a hole into the core of a volcano.（十七）A sunshade for the planet（地球防晒霜）1.According to the first two paragraphs, the author thinks thatC despite the difficulty, scientists have some options to prevent global warming.2.Scientists resist talking about their options because they don't want people toC think the problem has been solved.3.What does Stephen Schneider say about a heroin addict and methadone?A Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict.4.What is Stephen Schneider's idea of preventing global warming?C To apply sunscreen to the Earth:5.What is NOT true of the effectiveness of "sunscreen" , according to the last paragraph?D It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.（十八）Thirst for oil（石油匮乏）1.”…will need to cure our addiction to oil.” Why does the author say so?D Oil supply is decreasing.2.Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the author, according to the second paragraph?C Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next-to oil.3.Which country is the biggest consumer of petroleum?A The United States4.What do 'experts say about: the earth's fuel reserves?B There will soon be an energy crisis.5.What is NOT, the result of consuming fossil fuels according to the' last paragraph?D The sea level will go up.（十九）Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the first three paragraphs?B Shimi is the creator of the musicalcompanion.2. What does Shimi do if the user taps a beat?D It selects a perfectly-matched song and plays it in sync with that beat.3. Which of the following about Shimi is true?D Shimi can be creative and interactive.4. What does the author want to tell us?A The research center is developing a stronger and more versatile Shimi.5. Which of the following is Weinberg’s assertion?B human lives will be filled with more fun if Shimi is going to arrive in homes.（二十）Explorer of the extreme deep（深海探索器）l .What is Alvin?C A submersible.2.Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?A It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters.3.“... a world that is still full of myst eries” refers toC the ocean4.In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar?D Shape.5.In what aspects are he new HOV and Alvin different.D Both A and B.（二十一）Plant gas（植物，沼气的又一来源）1.What was scientists' 'understanding of methane?C It was produced in oxygen-free environments.2.To test whether plants are a source of methane, the scientists createdB an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth has.3.Which statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment?D The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.4.Which of the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage?D Microbes in plants produce methane.5.What is the beneficial point of some microbes lconsuming, plant-produced methane?C Less methane reaches the atmosphere（二十二）Snowflakes（雪花）1.What does Professor Libbrecht believe to be true?A No two snowflakes' are exactly the same in shape. 2.What do the simplest snow crystals look like?D They are six-sided.3.What are the factors that affect the shape and growth rate, of a snow crystal?A Humidity and temperature.4.It can be felt from the description in the 2nd paragraph that the authorA admires the beauty' of the snowflakes.5.Libbrecht is not' able toC create snowflakes that are exactly alike. （二十三）P owering a city? It’s a breeze（风力发电，轻而易举）1.What are the symbols of the Netherlands according to the first paragraph?B Wooden shoes and wooden windmills..2.Which statement best describes the urban turbine mentioned in the second paragraph?B It is a high-tech machine designed to generate energy for urban people.3.The smallest models of an urban turbineC can be' carried up to the rooftop without a crane.herlands leads in the urban turbine technology becauseD the' Netherlands is 'a small country with a large population.5.According to the last paragraph, what are the advantages of wind power technology?D Both A and C.（二十四）Underground coal fires—a looming catastrophe（地下煤着火—即将来临的灾难）l.According to the first paragraph, one of the warnings given by the scientists is thatC poisonous elements released by the underground fires can pollute water sources.2.According to the third paragraph, what will happen when the underground heat does not disappear?A Coal heats up on its own and catches ire and burns.3.What did Stracher analyze in his article published in the International Journal of Coal Ecology?D Coal fires can have an impact on the environment.4.Which of the following statements about Paul Van Dijk is NOT true?B He has detected and monitored underground fires in the Netherlands.5.According to the fifth paragraph, what is the suggested method to control underground fires?D Cutting off the oxygen supply.（二十五）Eat to live（为生存而食）1.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?D We have to begin dieting since childhood.2.Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?B To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice3.What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned' in the passage?D They are more likely to suffer from inflammation4.According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?A The mice that started dieting in old age.5.According to the, last two paragraphs, Spindler believes thatC dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life.（二十六）Male and female pilots cause accidents differently（男女飞行员引起飞行事故的差异）1.What is the research at Johns Hopkins University about?B Gender difference in relation to types of aircraft crashes2.Which of the statements is NOT true according to the second paragraph?D Only mature pilots are studied to determine the gender differences in the reasons for aircraft crash.3.How did the researchers carry out their study?A They studied the findings of several previous research projects.4.What is the most common circumstance of crash with female pilots?B Loss of control on landing or takeoff and stalling.5.In the comparison of female and male pilotsD male pilots are found to make more errors in decision-making.（二十七）Driven to distraction（分散注意力驾驶）1.Which statement is true of the description in the first two paragraphs?C Coyne is not really driving so it is impossible for him to have hit the woman. 2.What do researchers want to find out, according to the third and fourth paragraphs?D All of the above.3.What are the preliminary results given in the fifth paragraph?C In challenging driving situations, drivers do not have any additional mental energy to deal with something else.4.The sixth paragraph mainly state that the researchersD want to determine the best ways of giving navigational information system.5.What kind of directions do men and women prefer?B Men prefer more general directions and women prefer route directions.（二十八）Sleep lets brain file memories（睡眠促使记忆归档存储）1.Which of the following statements-is nearest in meaning to the sentence “To sleep. Perchance to file”?A Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep?2.What is the result' of the experiment with rats and mice carried 'out 'at Rutgers University?C Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation.3.What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a research mentioned in paragraph 4?D The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance.4.In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage?B The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one's memory.5.According to the last paragraph; what is the ultimate reason for going to the gym?D To control glucose levels.（二十九）I’ll Be Bach1. The music composed by David cope is aboutA classical music.2. By developing a computer software, David Cope aimedC to write an opera.3. What did Cope realize about a great composer's brain?D It creates an accurate database.4. Who is Emmy?B a computer software5. We can infer from the passage thatD Emmy did much more work than a composer.（三十）Digital realm（数码王国）1.The techniques of voice recognitionB are in its initial stage of development.2.According to the second paragraph, when we reach the stage of artificial intelligenceA machines can be our agents as they understand our thoughts.3.What's the best description of Gordon Moore's law as mentioned in the third paragraph?A It motivates the development of the digitalworld.4.What can people do in a future scene as described in the fourth paragraph?D All of the above.5.Which of the following statements is true ofa personalized market?C In a personalized market, products are tailored to each consumer.（三十一）Hurricane Katrina（卡特里娜飓风）1. What is the eye of a hurricane?C A calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter.2.Which of the following is NOT the “requirements” mentioned in the second paragraph?A The tropical waters are warm and calm.3.Which of the following is the best explanation of the word “drive” in the third paragraph?C To supply the motive force or power and cause to function.4.What does the warm air mentioned in the fourth paragraph produce when it is rising from the sea surface?B Low pressure5.What is NOT true of Hurricane Katrina according to the last paragraph?D The humanitarian crisis is as serious as that of the great depression（三十二）Mind-reading Machine（读心机）1. What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes?C Neurons in the brain.2.Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?D fMRI helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently.3.“Highlighting the areas of the brain at work”means _____.A “marking the parts of the brain that are processing information”4.What did the researchers experiment on?B Two volunteers.5.Which of the following can be the best replacement of the title?B Your Thoughts can be Scanned（三十三）Experts call for local and regional control of sites for radioactive waste（专家呼吁局部和区域控制放射性废物地点）1.Which of the following words can best substitute the word “withdrawal” in the first paragraph?B Canceling.2.According to Rodney Ewing and Frand von Hippel, where to locate nuclear facilities B should be approved by local people and states.3.What is NOT true about the 1987 decision by Congress concerning siting of nuclear waste disposal?D The decision by Congress was accepted by local communities.4.What does the author of the essay in the fourth paragraph want to say?C Efforts should be made to develop nuclear disposal sites to suit the circumstances of the region.5.What is meant by “regional approach” as mentioned in the last paragraph?A Waste disposal sites are located close to reactors and in places suitable for the regional circumstances.（三十四）Batteries Built by Viruses 1．According to the first paragraph，people try toC．stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases．2．What is Belcher's team doing at present? C．It is making batteries with viruses 3．What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word "shrink" appearing in paragraph 5？D．Expand：4. Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6？D．It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it．5. How tiny is one battery part?A．Its width is one tenth of a hair．（三十五）Putting plants to work（植物效能）1. What does the writer say about plants concerning solar energy?C Plants have been using solar energy for billions of years.2.Why do some scientists study how plants convert sunlight carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches?B Because they want green plants to become a new source of energy.3.According to the fifth paragraph, under what conditions are algae able to use solar energy to make hydrogen?B When there is no oxygen in the air.4.Researchers have met with difficulties when trying to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently. Which one of the following is one such difficulty?D It is too slow for algae to produce hydrogen when the sulfate is removed.5.What is NOT true of algae?C They are cheap to eat.（三十六）Listening device provides landslide early warning（听觉仪器提供早期山崩预警）1.What does “such natural disasters” in the first paragraph refer to?D Landslides2.Which of the following statements is true of landslides?D All of above3.Why do researchers develop a new device to monitor signs of landsides?C Because the common methods can cause false alarms.4.Which of the following statements is NOT true of the device, according to paragraph 4?A It is filled in with gravel.5.According to the context, what does the word “positives” in the fifth paragraph mean?B Evidences.（三十七）“Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning（“不要在就餐时间以外饮酒”有了新含义）1.Researchers have found that the risk of cancer in the mouth and neck is higher with peopleA who drink alcohol outside of meals.2.Which of the following is NOT the conclusion made by the researchers about “drinking with meals”?C It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.3.Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per day?A 3 drinks.4.Which cancer risk is the lowest among all the four kinds of cancer mentioned in the passage?B Laryngeal cancer.5.According to the last paragraph, tissue’s lower exposure to alcoholD reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer.（三十八）2012版教材改为"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan1 .What have scientists found about Saturn?C They have found methane-based life on Titan.2. What do scientists say about Titan? A There are life clues there.3. To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life.(paragraph 5)What does"this form of life" refer to?B Methane-based life.4. What can be inferred from what Allen said?A Scientists have different arguments over whether there is life on Titan.5. Which of the following can replace the title of this passage?. D A different Life Form, a Possibility.（三十九）Clone farm（克隆农场）1.Which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to the first paragraph?C Cloned chickens are bulk-produced every hour.2.Which institution has offered $4.7 million to fund the research?A The US’s National Institute of Science and Technology.3.In the third paragraph, by saying “Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there,” Mike Fitzgerald means that he wishesD chickens’ could grow to the same weight but with less feed.4.Which of the following statements about Origen and Embrex is correct according to the fifth paragraph?C Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines.5.The technology of freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all the following EXCEPT thatA farmers can order certain strains of chicken only.（四十）Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety（教数学，教焦虑）（2012新增）1. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph?D Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2. What is implied in the third paragraph?B A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject. 3. According to the experiment,those teachers were probably anxious about math when they feltC uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.4. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsA prove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' math achievements.5. David Geary thinks thatB the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.第四十一篇Too Little for Global Warming1)What do the authors of the new analysis presented at the University of Uppsala intend to say?。

2014年理工类职称英语C级考试全真模拟题二(3)

2014年理工类职称英语C级考试全真模拟题二（3）2014年职称英语考试时间为2014年3月29日，考生们在备考的过程中切记要结合模拟题来练习，使自己的复习更加有效。

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上.回答23-31题Intelligent Machines1. Medical scientists are already putting computer chips (芯片) directly into the brain to helppeople who have Parkinson's disease, but in what other ways might computer technology beable to help us? Ray Kurzweil is author of the successful book The Age of IntelligentMachines and is one of the world's best computer research scientists. He is researching thepossibilities.2. Kurzweil gets computers to recognize voices. An example of this is Ramona, the virtual(虚拟的) hostess of Kurzweil's homepage, who is programmed to understand what yousay. Visitors to the site can have their conversations with her, and Ramona also dances andsings.3. Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities. One of his ideas is a"seeing machine". This will be "like a friend that could describe what is going on in thevisible world," he explains. Blind people will use a visual sensor (探测器) which willprobably be built into a pair of sunglasses. This sensor will describe to the person everythingit sees.4. Another idea, which is likely to help deaf people, is the "listening machine". Thisinvention will recognize millions of words and understand any speaker. The listeningmachine will be able to translate into other languages, so even people without hearingproblems are likely to be interested in using it.5. But it is not just about helping people with disabilities. Looking further into the future,Kurzweil sees a time when we will be able to download our entire consciousness onto acomputer. This technology probably won't be ready for at least 50 years, but when itarrives,it means our mind will be able to live forever.23、Paragraph 2_______.A.A new pair of earsputers that can communicateC.Everlasting consciousness on a computerD.Time to break off a friendshipE.An author and researcherF.A new pair of eyes24、Paragraph 3_______.A.A new pair of earsputers that can communicateC.Everlasting consciousness on a computerD.Time to break off a friendshipE.An author and researcherF.A new pair of eyes25、Paragraph 4_______.A.A new pair of earsputers that can communicateC.Everlasting consciousness on a computerD.Time to break off a friendshipE.An author and researcherF.A new pair of eyes26、Paragraph 5_______.A.A new pair of earsputers that can communicateC.Everlasting consciousness on a computerD.Time to break off a friendshipE.An author and researcherF.A new pair of eyes27、Ray Kurzweil works with computers to help people_______.A.what you sayB.a pair of sunglassesC.the listening machineD.a visual sensorE.who have disabilitiesF.living forever in a computer28、Ramona is able to understand_______.A.what you sayB.a pair of sunglassesC.the listening machineD.a visual sensorE.who have disabilitiesF.living forever in a computer29、Blind people will be able to see the world with_______.A.what you sayB.a pair of sunglassesC.the listening machineD.a visual sensorE.who have disabilitiesF.living forever in a computer30、People without hearing problems may also be interested in using _______.A.what you sayB.a pair of sunglassesC.the listening machineD.a visual sensorE.who have disabilitiesF.living forever in a computer。

2014年《全国职称英语等级考试用书》---------第四部分阅读理解及答案翻译1-10篇

第一篇Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles （福特放弃电动汽车）译文：分析人士评论，福特汽车公司放弃电动汽车的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。

通用汽车公司和日本本田汽车公司早于1999年就停止了电池动力汽车的生产，转而开发燃料电池和电池内燃混合机，这对消费者更有吸引力。

福特宣布它现在也要做同样的尝试。

3年前，福特推出名为Think City的双排座汽车和Think或Think Neighbor系列高尔夫车，希望能销售5000辆汽车、10000高尔夫车。

但由于需求不足，截至2002年仅生产了大约1000辆汽车，售出的高尔夫车还不足1700辆。

“关键是我们认为电动车不能代表大众市场环保交通的未来”，福特欧洲区的Time Holmes于周五说，“我们感觉自己对电动车已做了最大努力的尝试。

”Think City系列的运行里程仅53英里，电池充电需要6小时。

通用公司的EVI电力车也仅能运行100英里。

昂贵的电池也意味着电动汽车的造价比汽油动力车高出许多。

日本丰田产的RAV4EV系列电动车在美国的售价达42,000美元，而同系列的汽油动力车仅售17000美元。

丰田和日产汽车公司是现在仅存的两大电动车制造商。

“应该说电池电动车已经获得了充分的机会。

福特现已转向电池内燃混合机开发项目，我们应据此评价他们的发展。

”Roger Higman，英国Friends of the Earth 组织的一位高级交通运输代表这样对《环保新闻》评论说。

日本本田和丰田公司推出的混合机汽车在过去几年取得了良好的销售业绩。

混合动力车比汽油机车运行里程更长，电池又可以自行充电。

福特表示，他们认为这样的机车有助于达到美国新制订的车辆排放规定。

不过，这些规定究竟允许怎样的排放物现在还不十分清楚。

六月份通用和戴姆勒克莱斯勒公司赢得一项法庭裁决，可推迟两年执行一项加州法令，该法令要求汽车生产商在2003年前向该州提供10万辆零排放和其他低排放汽车。

2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读理解文章及译文(6)

2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读理解文章及译文（6）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。

小编为您整理职称英语教材中，阅读理解部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。

Making Light of SleepAll we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock， your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle，called a circadian rhythm，helps control when you wake，when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty，something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward，so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed，your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift4 is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark5. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems，too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud6 when they don't get enough sleep，says Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence，RI7 .It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock，your internal clock can be reset. In fact，it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years，researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock8 were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.注释：1.make light of ：轻视，不在乎。

2014年职称英语考试理工C全真模拟试题

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

The Need to RememberSome people say they have no memory at all："I just can' t remember a thing!" But of course we all have a memory．0ur memory tells us who we are．Our memory helps us to make use in the present of what we have learnt in the past.In fact we have different types of memory．For example, our visual memory helps us recall facts and places. Some people have such a strong visual memory, they can remember exactly what they have seen，for example, pages of a book，as a complete picture．Our verbal（言语的）memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written: items of a shopping list, a chemical formula，dates，or a recipe．With our emotional（情感的）memory，we recall situations or places where we had strong feelings, perhaps of happiness or unhappiness．We also have special memories for smell，taste，touch and sound，and for performing physical movements．We have two ways of storing any of these memories：Our short-term memory stores items for up to thirty seconds-enough to remember a telephone number while we dial．Our long-term memory, on the other hand, may store items for a lifetime．Older people in fact have a much better-long-term memory than short-term．They may forget what they have done only a few hours ago, but have the clearest remembrance（记忆）of when they were very young．Psychologists tell us that we only remember few facts about our past, and that we invent the rest．It is as though we remember only the outline of a story. We then make up the details. We often do this in the way we want to remember them, usually so that we appear as the heroes of our own past-or maybe victims needing sympathy（同情）．16 Visual memory helps us recall a place we have been to．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 Visual memory may be used when we read a story．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 Verbal memory helps us read words we have never heard．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 Emotional memory is used when we perform physical movements．27 The ancient Greeks believed that their could be cured by telling their dreams．28 Most scientists believe that dreams have something to do with in our daily life．29 If you dream of driving a large car，it could mean that you want ．30 When people are not allowed to dream during sleep，they become ．A powerB quiet and happyC eventsD experimentsE diseasesF worried and nervous第4部分：阅读理解（第31-45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

2014年职称英语考试综合类C级考试真题及答案

第一部分：词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

1.His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her.A.hopeB.jumpC.silenceD.life2.Several windows had been smashed.A.cleanedB.replacedC.brokenD.fixed3.The AIDS convention will be held in Glasgow.A.partyB.conferenceC.celebrationD.union4.My principal concern is to get the job done fast.A.mainB.seriousC.deepD.particular5.I’m sure I’ll able to amuse myself for a few hours.A.treatB.holdC.entertainD.keep6.Take some spare clothes in case you get wet.A.extraB.fineC.winterD.outdoor7.The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by 10%.A.proveB.considerC.increaseD.double8.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A.proveB.considerC.discoverD.imagine9.He made a number of rude remarks about the food.A.signsB.mannersC.noisesmentsck of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.A.preventsB.receivesC.deserversD.accepts11.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A.partsB.painsC.aspectsD.results12.His knowledge of French is fair.A.quite goodB.very usefulC.very limitedD.rather special13.The book raised a storm of controversy.A.damageB.voiceC.argumentD.doubt14.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.A.excitementB.angerC.calmD.disappointment15.Some comments are just inviting trouble.A.keeping out ofB.getting intoC.asking forD.suffering from第二部分：阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

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(阅读理解)第一篇Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles福特放弃电动汽车 The Ford motor company’s abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology，analysts say．分析人士评论，福特汽车公司放弃电动汽年的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。 General Motors。and Honda’ceased production of battery．powered cars in 1 999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer．Ford has now announced it will do the same．通用汽车公司和日本本田汽车公司早于 1999年就停止了电池动力汽车的生产，转而开发燃料电池和电池内燃混合机，这对消费者更有吸引力。福特宣布它现在也要做同样的尝试。 Three years ago．the company introduced the Think City two—seater car and a golf cart called the THINK, or Think Neighbor．It hoped to sell 5，000 cars each year and 10，000 carts．But a lack of demand means only about l，000 of the cars have been produced，and less than 1。700 carts have been sold so far in 2002．3年前，福特推出名为 Think City的双排座汽车和 Think或 Think Neighbor系列高尔夫车，希望能销售 5000辆汽车、 10000高尔夫车。但由于需求不足，截至 2002年仅生产了大约 1000辆汽车，售出的高尔夫车还不足 1700辆。 “The bottom line is we don’t believe that this is the future of environment transport for the mass market．”Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday．“We feel we have given electric our best shot” “关键是我们认为电动车不能代表大众市场环保交通的未来”，福特欧洲区的 Tim Holmes于周五说，“我们感觉自己对电力车已做了昀好的尝试。” The Think City has a range of only about 53 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time．General Motors’EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range。of about 100 miles．Think City系列的运行里程仅 53英里，电池充电需 6小时。通用公司的 EVI电力车也仅能运行 100英里。 The very expensive batteries also mean electric cars cost much more than petrol-powered alternatives．An electric Toyot~RAV4 EV vehicle costs over$42，000 in the US, compared with just $17，000 for the petrol version．Toyota and Nissan…are now the only major automanufacturers to produce electric vehicles．昂贵的电池也意味着电动汽车的造价比汽油动力车高出许多。日本丰田产的 RAV4EV系列电动车在美国的售价达 42000美元，而同系列的汽油动力车仅售 17000美元。丰田和日产汽车公司是现在仅存的两大电动车制造商。 “There is a feeling that battery electric has been given its chance．Ford now has to move on with its hybrid program“，and that is what we will be judging them on，”Roger Higman，a senior transport campaigner at UK Friends of the Earth，told the Environment News Service．“应该说电池动力车已经获得了充分的机会。福特现已转向电池内燃混合机开发项目，我们应据此评价他们的发展。”Roger Higman，英国 Friends of the Earth组织的一位高级交通运动代表这样对《环保新闻》评论说。 Hybrid cars introduced by Toyota and Honda in the past few years have sold well．Hybrid engines Offer Greater mileage than petrol—only engines , and the batteries recharge themselves. 日本本田和丰田公司推出的混合机汽车在过去几年取得了良好的销售业绩。混合动力车比汽油机车运行里程更长，电池又可自行充电。Ford says it thinks such vehicles will help it meet planned new guidelines “on vehicle emissions” in the U.S. 福特表示，他们认为这样的机车有助于达到美国新制订的车辆排放规定。 However, it is not yet clear exactly what those guidelines will permit．不过，这些规定究竟允许怎样的排放物现在还不十分清楚。In June，General Motors and Daimler Chrysler won a court injunction，delaying by two years Californian legislation requiring car—makers to offer 100，000 zero-emission and other low—emission vehicles in the state by 2003．六月份通用和戴姆勒克莱斯勒公司赢得一项法庭裁决，可推迟两年执行一项加州法令，该法令要求汽车生产商在2003年前向该州提供10万辆零排放和其他低排放汽车。Car manufacturers hope the legislation will be rewritten to allow for more low--emission， rather than zero—emission，vehicles．制造商希望修改此法令，允许他们生产更多低排放而不是零排放的汽车。

1．What have the Ford motor company．General Motor’s and Honda done concerning electric cars? A)They have started to produce electric cars．B)They have done extensive research on electric Cars C They have given up producing electric cars．D)They have produced thousands of electric Cars 2．According to Tim Holmes of Ford Europe，battery-powered cars A)will be the main transportation vehicles in the future B) will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future． C)will be good to the environment in the future D)will replace petrol—powered vehicles in the future． 3. Which auto manufacturers are still producing electric vehicles? A)Toyota and Nissan B)General Motor’s and Honda C)Ford and Toyota D)Honda and Toyota 4．According to the eighth paragraph，hybrid cars A)offer fewer mileage than petrol driven cars B)run faster than petrol driven cars C)run more miles than petrol driven cars D)offer more batteries than petrol driven cars 5．Which of the following is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to the last paragraph? A)Low-emission cars should be banned． B)Only zero-emission cars are allowed to run on motorways． C)The legislation will encourage car makers to produce more electric cars． D)The legislation will allow more 10w．emission to be produced