学考语法复习--专题九

- 1 - 专题九: 连词和状语从句 【用法概述】 在句子中作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句包括地点状语从句、方式状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、时间状语从句和让步状语从句。 一、地点状语从句 通常由where, wherever引导。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 二、方式状语从句 通常由as, (just)as. . . so. . . , as if, as though引导。 1. as引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句之后, 但在(just)as. . . so. . . 结构中, as引导的从句位于句首, 这时as从句带有比喻的含义, 意为“正如……, 就像……”, 多用于正式文体。 When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。 As water is to fish, so air is to man. 人离不开空气, 犹如鱼儿离不开水。 2. as if/as though 两者的意义和用法相同, 它们引导的状语从句的谓语多用虚拟语气, 表示与事实相反, 有时也用陈述语气, 表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。常译作“仿佛……似的, 好像……似的”。 He looks as if he had been hit by lightning. - 2 -

他那样子就像被闪电击了似的。 三、原因状语从句 通常由because, since, as, now that和for引导。 1. because语势最强, 用来说明主要的直接的原因, 回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知时, 就用as, now that或since。 I couldn’t call you because I didn’t have your number. 我没有你的号码所以不能给你打电话。 Since there’s no more business, we can all go home. 既然没有事情做, 我们都能回家了。 2. for引导的从句不能直接说明某一特定动作发生的原因, 而只能提供一些起解释作用的附加说明。 The days were short, for it was now December. (白)天短了, 现在已是12月了。 He took the food eagerly, for he had eaten nothing since dawn. 他狼吞虎咽地吃了起来, 因为他从天亮就没吃过东西。 四、目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的词或短语有that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case。 I am saving money in order that I can buy a house. 我正在攒钱, 以便我能买一所房子。 The thief carries a gun in case he is attacked. 小偷带着一把枪以防被攻击。 - 3 -

五、结果状语从句 常由so. . . that或such. . . that引导, 掌握这两个句型, 首先要了解so和such与其后的词的搭配规律。so+adj. /adv. ; such+ a/an +adj. + n. ; such +adj. +复数名词或不可数名词。 It was such an extraordinary story that no one believed a word of it. =It was so extraordinary a story that no one believed a word of it. 这个故事很不寻常所以没有人相信。 六、条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的连接词主要有if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that等。 if引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。在真实条件句中常用一般现在时表示将来。例如: I’ll pay you double if you get the work finished by Friday. 如果你在星期五之前完成这项工作我会给你双倍的工资。 七、时间状语从句 引导词常有when, while, as, since, before, after, until, till, as soon as, the moment, every time等。 1. when和while when引导的从句中谓语动词可以是短暂性的也可以是延续性的, while引导的从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的。 I read the news while(=when)you were drying your hair. 在你弄干头发时我读了这些新闻。 - 4 -

When he saw her, he waved. 他一看见她就摆了摆手。 2. since和before since表示“自从”, 其所在的主句常用现在完成时; before表示“在……之前, ……才/就……, 还未来得及……就……”。 How long is it since we visited your mother? 自从我们看望你母亲以来(到现在)有多长时间了? It will be a long time before we finish this dictionary. 我们需要很长的时间才能把这部词典编译完。 You’d better go away before I lose my temper. 趁我还没有发脾气你最好离开。 八、让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的词有though, although, while, as, even if/even though, no matter+疑问词, whoever, whatever, whichever, however, whenever, wherever等。 Although it’s raining, (yet)they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨, 但他们仍在地里干活。 注意: (1)当有though, although时, 后面的从句不能有but, 但though/although和yet可连用。 (2)as和though引导的让步状语从句可以用倒装, 其语序是: 表语/状语/谓语的一部分+as/though+主语+谓语。例如: Hard as/though he tried, he failed. 尽管他努力了, 但失败了。 - 5 -

(3)“no matter+疑问词”引导的让步状语从句可以与相应的whoever, whatever, whichever, however, whenever, wherever互换。 No matter where(=Wherever)you go, I will remember you. 无论你去哪儿, 我都会记着你。 【典例精析】 1. (2013·湖南学业水平考试真题)We try to get as close as possible to the animals, we can take some good pictures. A. even if B. so that C. as if D. in case 【解析】选B。考查状语从句。句意: 我们竭力地靠近动物以便能拍些好照片。so that以便于, 引导目的状语从句; even if即使; as if似乎, 好像; in case万一。 2. (2012·湖南学业水平考试真题)Wear a life jacket you fall into the water. A. in case B. as if C. even if D. so that 【解析】选A。考查连词。句意: 穿上救生衣, 以免掉进水里。in case“以免, 万一”符合句意; as if好像; even if即使; so that以便于, 均不符合句意。 3. (2011·湖南学业水平考试真题)You mustn’t drive you have drunk. A. although B. if C. before D. unless 【解析】选B。考查连词。句意: 如果你喝酒了, 千万别开车。if“如果”引导条件状语从句, 符合句意。although虽然; before在……之前; unless除非。 4. He tried his best to solve the problem, difficult it was. A. however B. no matter what C. what D. although - 6 -

【解析】选A。考查连词。句意: 无论这个问题多么难, 他都会尽最大努力去解决。however表示无论怎样, 常用于“however +adj. /adv. +主语+谓语”的结构中, 此时however相当于no matter how。 【规律方法】however的用法 (1)however意为“无论如何”“不管怎样”, 用来修饰形容词或副词, 其词序为: however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语, 用以引导让步状语从句。此时, however与no matter how大致同义。 (2)表示转折, 其意为“可是”“仍然”等。可放在句首、句中或句末, 通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。例如: My father, however, did not agree. 但是, 我父亲不同意。 【语法专练】 1. How long do you think it will be the Chinese astronaut land on the moon? A. before B. since C. until D. that 2. the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As 3. The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months, he could not find one. A. and B. but C. or D. until 4. I think you will regret some day you leave school now. A. although B. if C. before D. unless 5. I was reading attentively in my own room suddenly he knocked at the door. A. when B. while C. then D. as