高中的英语的句子结构及类型大全

高中的英语的句子结构及类型大全
高中的英语的句子结构及类型大全

中学英语句子大全

英语学习的四原则:全(记得要全)、熟(熟练)、精(总结精华)、活(活学活用)

什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。

【附着在表面上,单独存在没有意义】

一个完整的英语句子,至少由两部分组成(祁使句除外)——主语和谓语。主语是一个句子叙述的主体,表明这句话描述的是什么,谓语则用以说明主语的情况,它在人称和单复数形式上应与主语保持一致。

除了主语和谓语,句子有时还需要其他的成分,如用在系动词后表明主语性质,特征,状态或身份的表语,用在及物动后,表示行为对象或结果的宾语,修饰或限定名词或代词的定语,修饰动词形容词副词介词短语或全句的状语以及对一个名词或代词作进一步解释的同位语等。

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下:

一:SV(主+谓)

二:SVP(主+系+表)

三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

基本句型一:SV(主+谓)

主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,名词化的形容词,动词不定式,动名词或从句。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!

谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.

此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,不能再接对象(即宾语),这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。

S│V(不及物动词)

1. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。

2. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。

3. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

4. Who │cares? 管它呢?

5. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。

6. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。

7. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。

基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表)

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语性质,特征,状态或身份的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。

系动词分四类:1)be动词表示人或事物的身份特征或状态

2)感官系动词和表像系动词,翻译“。。。起来”look, seem, appear, feel , smell, sound, taste。(感,看,听,闻,尝)例如look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻,taste good/尝起来不错;2)表示状态的变化:become, come, fall, go, get , grow, turn, prove等;例如become cold/变冷,go grey/变灰白, (dreams) come true/(梦想)实现;3)表示某种状态的延续或持续:continue,remain, stay, keep 等。例如keep silent/保持沉默,stay fine/仍然很好。

扩充:

经典例句:

S│V(系动词)│P

1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。(n.)

2. The dinner │smells │good. (adj.) 午餐的气味很好。

3. He │fell │in love. (介词短语) 他堕入了情网。

4. Everything │looks │different. (adj.)一切看来都不同了。

5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮

6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。(句子,表语从句)

7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。

8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。

9.I am not quite myself today.我今天身体不太好。(pron.)

10.The war was over. 战争结束了。(adv.)

11. He seemed to know the truth.他似乎知道真相。(动词不定式)

12. He is out of condition. 他身体情况不太好。(介词短语)

13. Time is pressing. 时间紧迫。(现在分词)

14. Who was the first? 谁第一?(数词)

There be 结构:There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’

试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。

基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等

S│V(及物动词)│O

1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案?

2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。

3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。

4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。

5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。

6. He │said │"Good morning." 他说:"早上好!"

7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。

8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。

基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。宾语包括直接宾语(动作的承受者或结果,一般指物)和间接宾语(表示动作是谁做的,或为谁做的,一般指认)。

e.g. They offered me the job.他们把那份工作给了我。

S│V(及物)│o(多指人)│O(多指物)

1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。

2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。

3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。

4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。

5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片

6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。

7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。

8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。

间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为:动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea, please.

注意:间接宾语在下列情况下常可以改为一个由to或for引起的短语。

1)当直接宾语是一个人称代词时

Give it to me. 把它给我。(试比较:Give me the book.)

I’ll order it for you. 我给你点菜。(试比较:I ordered us three dishes.)2)需对间接宾语加以强调时

I've bought this book for you, not for myself

常用的接双宾语的动词有1)介词用to的: give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, lend, hand, tell, return, write, pay, throw, allow, wish, teach, fetch等; 2) 介词用for的: make, do, spare, order, cook, sing, buy, find, get等。

基本句型五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。

宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。能作宾补的有:名词,形容词,介词短语,不定式短语,分词短语,副词等。例如:

1)名词/代词宾格+ 名词

The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.

2)名词/代词宾格+ 形容词

New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.

3)名词/代词宾格+ 介词短语

I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.

4)名词/代词宾格+ 动词不定式

The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.

5)名词/代词宾格+ 分词

I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.

6)名词/代词宾格+副词Please keep the dog out.

S│V(及物)│O(宾语)│C(宾补)

Please keep the dog out.

S│V(及物)│O(宾语)│C(宾补)

1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。

2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色

3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。

4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。

5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想?

6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去

7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。

8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。

注意:主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语:

1.He was last seen playing near the river. 有人最后一次看见他在河边玩。

(Someone last saw him playing near the river. (宾补))

2.He was considered to have stolen the money. 有人认为他偷了钱。

3.The door was pushed open.门被推开了

4.He was caught cheating in the exam. 他被当场抓住考试作弊。

5.He was made monitor. 他被选为班长。

基本句子结构--

主谓宾结构:

主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!

谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.

宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等

例:The boy needs a pen.主语the boy,谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式),宾语a pen. >> 主系表结构:

主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。

联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如:become 成为,turn变成,go变。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。

表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻

例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy >> There be 结构:

There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。

此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’

试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。

补语是对主语或宾语进行补充说明的make our country beautiful中beautiful是对country进行补充说明的。叫补语。

状语是对句子或谓语进行修饰的。It was badly damaged. 句中的badly是修饰谓语动词damage的,叫状语。

(一)按使用目的,句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

1)陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。例如:The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)Light travels faster than sound.光比声传播速度快。(说明事实)

2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。有以下四种:

a. 一般疑问句(General Questions):Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗?

b. 特殊疑问句(Wh-Questions):Where do you live?你住那儿?

c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions):Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡?

d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她,对不对?3)祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令。例如:Don't be nervous!别紧张!

4)感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。例如:What good news it is!多好的消息啊!

(二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:

1)简单句(Simple Sentences):只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。例如:She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。

2)并列句(Compound Sentences):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如:

The food was good, but he had little appetite. 食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。

3)复合句(Complex Sentences):包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导。例如:

The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。(三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:

1)主+ 动(SV)例如:I work.我工作。

2)主+ 动+ 表(SVP)例如:John is busy.约翰忙。

3)主+ 动+ 宾(SVO)例如:She studies English.她学英语。

4)主+ 动+ 宾+ 补(SVOC)例如:Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。5)主+ 动+ 间宾+ 直宾(SVOiOd)例如:My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。

祈使句结构祈使句用以表达命令,要求,请求,劝告等。

1)祈使句有两种类型,一种是以动词原形开头,在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。例如:

Take this seat.坐这儿.Do be careful. 务必小心。否定结构:Don't move. 不准动。Don't be late. 不要迟到。

2)第二种祈使句以let开头。Let 的反意疑问句:

a. Let's 包括说话者。例如:Let's have another try, shall we / shan't we? = Shall we have another try? 我们再试一次,如何?

b. Let us 不包括说话者。例如:Let us have another try,will you / won't you? = Will you please let us have another try? 你让我们再试一次,好吗?

否定结构:例如:Let's not talk of that matter. 不要谈这件事。Let us not talk of that matter.

你不要让我们谈这件事。

感叹句结构

感叹句通常有what, how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种:掌握它的搭配,即掌握了感叹句的重点。

How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。例如:How clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子!How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如:How lovely the baby is! 小毛头真可爱!

What +名词+陈述语序。例如:What noise they are making! 他们真吵!

What +a+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如:What a clever boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子!What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例如:What wonderful ideas (we have)! 我们的主意真棒!

What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。例如:What cold weather it is! 多冷的天!

What a clever boy he is!的省略形式为:What a clever boy!

典型例题1)___ food you've cooked! A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice

答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词,副词;what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词,因此A,B 排除。C的How + adj. 后面不能再加名词,因此只有D正确,其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)。

2)___terrible weather we've been having these days! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a

答案A. weather为不可数名词,B,D排除。C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A,符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。

3)--- _____ I had! --- You really suffered a lot.

A. What a time

B. What time

C. How a time

D. how time

答案A.感叹句分两类:

1:What + n.+主谓部分

2:How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种,但省略了bad,相对于What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。

强调句结构常用的强调句结构是it 引导的句子,结构为It is(was)+ 被强调部分+ that (who)+ 句子的其余部分。此结构强调的成分限于主语,宾语和状语。例如:It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 我们是从太阳那儿获取光和热。It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs. 知道读了你的信,我才知道实际情形。

典型例题

1)It was last night ___ I see the comet. A.the time B.when C.that D.which

答案C. 强调句的结构是:It +be +强调部分+ that (who))+ 主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个,that和who。当强调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才用"who",其余用that。再如:原句:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

强调主语:It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

强调宾语:It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.

强调时间:It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)

强调地点:It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.

2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada. A. that B. when C. since D. as

答案C. 考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是,去掉It be…that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉'It is…that',只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to

Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。

用助动词进行强调

句子的强调句还可以用助动词do (did,does)强调谓语。例如:She does like this horse.她的确喜欢这匹马。

Please do take care of yourself. 千万保重。

反意疑问句

1)陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用aren't I。例如:I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I? 我跟你姐一样高,对吗?

2)陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。例如:I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话,行吗?

3)陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。例如:Some plants never blown (开花), do they ? 有些植物从不开花,对吗?

4)含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。

例如:He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he? 他应该知道该做什么,对吗?

5)陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。例如:We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿,是吗?

6)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或usedn't +主语。例如:He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 他以前常在那儿拍照,是吗?

7 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you? 例如:

You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 你最好自己去读,好吗?

8)陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用wouldn't +主语。例如:

He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵,是吗?

9)陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。例如:

You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 你想和我们一块去,对吗?

10)陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。例如:He must be a doctor, isn't he? 他肯定是医生,是吗?

You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you? 你一定读过三年英语,对吗?

He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任务的,是吗?

11)感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语。例如:What colors, aren't they? 多漂亮的颜色,是吗?

12)陈述部分由neither…nor, either…or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。

Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程师,我也不是,对吗?

13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。

例如:Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切就绪,是吗?

14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:

a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。

例如:Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?

史密斯先生曾几次去过北京,按理说他现在应该在中国,是吗?

b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。例如:

He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he? 他说他想去日本看看,他是那样说的吗?

c. 陈述部分主句为第一人称,谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定

语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如:I don't think he is bright, is he? 我认为他并不聪明,是吗?

15)陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。例如:Everyone knows the answer, don't they?(does he?)人人都知道答案,是这样吧?

Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)没人知道这件事,是吧?

16)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用need (dare )+主语。例如:We need not do it again, need we ? 我们不必重做一遍,是吗?He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢这样说,是吗?

当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢独自回家,是吗?

17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。例如:Don't do that again, will you? 别再这样做,好吗?

Go with me, will you / won't you ? 跟我走吧,好吗?

注意:Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you? 例如:Let's go and listen to the music, shall we? 一起去听音乐,好吗?

Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 你让我们在阅览室等你,好吗?

18)陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。例如:There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? 你的表有问题,对不对?

There will not be any trouble, will there? 不会有麻烦吧,是吗?

19)否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例如:It is impossible, isn't it? 这不可能,是吗?

He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 他不会对他同学使坏,是吗?

20)must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。例如:He must be there now, isn't he? 他现在肯定在那儿,是吧?

It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it? 明天肯定要下雨,是吗?

练习题集萃

1. Don't forget to give the baby some food ,______? A. will you? B. shall we C. won't you

D. do you

2. You have met before, _______? A. haven't you B. have you C. do you

D. don't you

3. She has never read the book before, _______? A. has she B. hasn't she C. is she D. isn't she

4. Mike has to finish her work now, _______? A. has he B. hasn't he C. does he D. doesn't he

5. --"Don't smoke in the dining-hall, will you?" -- "_________."

A. Yes, I agree

B. Yes, of course,

C. Yes, I don't think so

D. What's wrong

6.--__did you stay in Urumqi last summer? --For two weeks. A.How often B. How C. How long D. How many times

7. He nearly hurt himself in the accident, _______? A. doesn't he B. didn't he C. did he

D. does he

8. --__ will your aunt be back from work? --In an hour. A. How soon B. How often C. How

long D. What time

9. The mountain was steep few people in our city reached the top .

A. so , as

B. so , that

C. as , as

D. too , to

10. Time passed quickly and three months went by we knew it . A. when B. after C. before D. till

11. —What are you going to do in the future

—I’d like to be a doctor you are . A. so B. as C. what D. when 12. He wait until the rain . A. won’t , will stop B. won’t , stop C. will , stops D. will , will stop

13. Although I the truck for half a year , it still looks new .

A. have bought

B. bought

C. have had

D. had

14.—Is David at school today ?

—No . He is at home he has a bad cold . A. because B. if C. though D. until

15. We’ll climb Qianling Hills if it next Sunday . A. won’t rain B. rain C. rainy D. doesn’t rain

16. Jim has been in the factory for two years he left school . A. when B. since C. as soon as D. whether

17. The picture has a house and flowers is the one I like best . A. who B. which C. where D. whose

18. This is the man last night . A. whom I saw him B. whom I saw C. which I saw

D. who I saw him

19. Do you know the man spoke just now ? A. which B. what C. who

D. whom

20. The result of the experiment was very good , we hadn’t expected(预料).

A. when

B. that

C. which

D. it

21. A child parents are dead is called an orphan . A. which B. his C. whose

D. with

22. I will never forget the day we spent together last week . A. that B. which C. / D. A, B and C

23. This is the very boy I have been looking for . A. which B. that C. who

D. whom

24. —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .

—Is that the reason you had a few days off ? A. why B. when C. what

D. where

25. She said she would leave the message on the headmaster’s desk .

A. that

B. where

C. which

D. what

26. Could you tell me ? I’m his old friend .

A. where does Jim live

B. when will Jim come back

C. where Jim has gone

D. how is Jim

27. I’m sorry I can’t decide to do . A. what B. how C. when D. where

28. I want to know Mother has put the presents round the Christmas tree .

A. when

B. where

C. whether

D. that

29. He hasn’t decide . A. if he’ll go on a trip to Hainan B. when will he go on a trip to Hainan

C. if he goes on a trip to Hainan

D. when does he go on a trip to Hainan

高中英语句子成分详细归纳

英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.

此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│ V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,

英语常见5种句子结构

英语五种基本句型结构 英语语中的五种基本句型结构 一、句型1:Subject (主语) +Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如: 1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。 2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。 3)Spring is coming. 4) We have lived in the city for ten years. 二、句型2:Subject (主语) +Link. V(系动词) +Predicate(表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类: (1)表示状态。这样的词有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如: 1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。 2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。 (2)表示变化。这类系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。如: 1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。 2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。 三、句型3:Subject(主语) +Verb (谓语) +Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例: 1) He took his bag and left.(名词)他拿着书包离开了。 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。 3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。 4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。 注意:英语中的许多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。 四、句型4:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语) 这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如: 1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。 2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March. 老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为: 1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present. 2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March. 五、句型5:Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语) 这种句型中的“宾语+补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如: 1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词) 2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。 3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

英语句子基本结构成分类型

英语句子基本结构 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: S十V主谓结构 S十V十F主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾 语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾 语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下: 1.S十V句式 在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: He runs quickly.他跑得快。 They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger.他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country.中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out.煤气用完了。 My ink has run out.我的钢笔水用完了。 2.S十V十P句式 在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: He is older than he looks.他比看上去要老。 He seen interested in the book.他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard.书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice.饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nicc.花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before.你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill.他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still.他静静地站看。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up.他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country.他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: He looked me up and down.他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant.他伸出手来摸象。 They are tasting the fish.他们在品尝鱼。 They grow rice in their home town.他们在家乡种水稻。 He's got a chair to sit on.他有椅子坐。

高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语

高中英语语法通霸1.句子结构成分分析 主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语

英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1. 划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划分句子成分的符号 主语在下面画直线 谓语在下面画曲线 宾语在下面画双横线 定语在下面画虚线?(一行点使我们想到一排钉子,“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”)状语下面为短横线(短横线使我们想到短木桩,木桩撞(状)钟) 补语上一短横,下一短横(下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙) 同位语上下双曲线(都有曲折,上下位置基本相同) 考点1. 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构: 1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。 7. 名词化的形容词(如the rich) 在英语中,形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。如果它们在句首时,句子可能是倒装句,真正的主语在后面。 On the desk are some books. (主语是books,所以用are) Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy,所以用jumps ) Gone are the days. (主语是the days,所以用are) 练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面画横线,并说出由什么充当。 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true. 10.There comes the bus. 11.Beyond the village lies a small village. 12.Now comes your turn.

高中英语句子成分划分详解(全)

Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: 讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:

There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before.名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.

高中英语人教版:必修一+句子结构和种类+Word版

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I. 常用作连系动词: ①变成,变得:become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 口诀:好是come,坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn;Get\ become口语化,如果要说就用它. 口诀解读: 如:Dreams come true. 梦想成真。 如:It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly. 今天太热了,菜都馊了。 化的静态形容词。 如:I want to grow old with you. 我想和你一起慢慢变老。 如:Still water runs deep.静水深流。

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