2004考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

2004 Text 1

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1、Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redman stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. 去年年末，甘特〃雷德曼律师在找工作时偶然在网上发现职业资料库“职业建筑师”。

1.1 stumble英/'st?mb(?)l/ 美/'st?mbl/n. 绊倒；蹒跚而行vi. 踌躇，蹒跚；失足；犯错vt. 使…困惑；使…绊倒stumble across=come across=encounter 偶然遇到，偶然发现

1.2 database英/'de?t?be?s/ 美/'det?bes/n. 数据库，资料库

1.3 hunt for a job=search a job求职，找工作hunt捕猎hunter猎人hint暗示、线索clue线索，情节grip 抓牢，紧握

2、He searched it with no success but was attract ed by the site`s “personal search agent”. 他找来找去并没有找到什么工作，但被这个网址上的“个人搜索代理”所吸引。

2.1 attract英/?'tr?kt/ 美/?'tr?kt/vt. 吸引；引起vi. 吸引；有吸引力

2.2 website=site网站/网址Website英/'websait/ 美/'websait/ n. 网站（全球资讯网的主机站）

2.3 agency英/'e?d?(?)ns?/ 美/'ed??nsi/n. 代理，中介；代理处，经销处

2.4 CIA中央情报局（Central Intelligence Agency）the Xinhua News Agency新华社

3、It`s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redman chose the keywords legal, intellectual property and Washington, D.C. 它的特点是互动，允许访问者自定求职要求诸如工作地点、职位和薪水，当资料库里出现与个人要求相匹配的工作岗位时它就会通过电子邮件通知求职者。雷德曼选择关键词“法律”、“知识产权”和“华盛顿特区”。

3.1 interactive英/?nt?r'?kt?v/ 美/,?nt?'?kt?v/adj. 交互式的；相互作用的

3.2 criteria英/kra?'t??r??/ 美/kra?'t?r??/n. 标准，条件（criterion的复数）

3.3 criterion英/kra?'t??r??n/ 美/kra??t?ri?n/n. （批评判断的）标准；准则；规范；准据

3.4 salary英/'s?l?r?/ 美/'s?l?ri/n. 薪水vt. 给...加薪；给...薪水

3.5 intellectual英/,?nt?'lekt???l; -tj??l/ 美/,?nt?'l?kt?u?l/n. 知识分子；凭理智做事者adj. 智力的；聪明的；理智的It is……that……强调interact 交往,互动interact with sb 与某人交往/互动

3.6 property英/'pr?p?t?/ 美/'prɑp?ti/n. 性质，性能；财产；所有权

4、Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redman, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. 过了三个星期，雷德曼接到第一份有职位空缺的通知。他说：“我掘到了金子。”他把个人简历用电子邮件寄给了雇主，接着就得到了一份驻公司顾问的职务。

4.1 notification英/,n??t?f?'ke??n/ 美/'not?f?'ke??n/n. 通知；通告；[法] 告示

4.2 opening英/'??p(?)n??/ 美/'op?n??/n. 开始；机会；通路；空缺的职位v. 开放（open的ing形式）；打开；公开adj. 开始的

4.3 resume英/r??zju?m; ?r?zj?me?/ 美/rezju:'mei, ri'zju:m; -'zu:m/n. 摘要；[管理] 履历，简历vi. 重新开始，继续vt. 重新开始，继续；恢复，重新占用

4.4 counsel英/'ka?ns(?)l/ 美/'ka?nsl/n. 法律顾问；忠告；商议；讨论；决策vt. 建议；劝告vi. 商讨；提出忠告

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1、With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. 因特网上与求职相关的网址数以千计，寻找可能的职业空缺费时效率又低。

1.1promising英/'pr?m?s??/ 美/'prɑm?s??/v. 许诺，答应（promise的现在分词形式）adj. 有希望的，有前途的

1.2 inefficient英/?n?'f??(?)nt/ 美/,?n?'f??nt/adj. 无效率的，效率低的；无能的

2、Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. 有了搜索代理，就没那么多必要反复访问资料库了。

3、But although a search agent worked for Redman, career experts see drawbacks. 不过，虽然有一个搜索代理成功地为雷德曼找到了工作，就业专家却还是认为搜索代理并不如人意。

3.1 drawback英/'dr??b?k/ 美/'dr?b?k/n. 缺点，不利条件；退税

4、Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility,” says one expert.比如缩小你的要求条件就有可能对你不利。一位专家说：“你每回答一次问题你就丧失一次机会。”

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1、For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do—then broaden it. 寻找任何职业，你都要从一个狭窄的概念开始，即你想干什么工作，然后再加以扩展。

1.1 broaden英/'br??d(?)n/ 美/'br?dn/vt. 使扩大；使变宽vi. 扩大，变阔；变宽，加宽

2、“None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There`s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” 有一位专家说：“任何这些程序中都没有那种扩展功能。”“所有这一切都不包含职业咨询。”

2.1 implicit英/?m'pl?s?t/ 美/?m'pl?s?t/adj. 含蓄的；暗示的；盲从的

3、Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. 相反，最佳的策略是把代理当作一种提示服务来及时跟踪某一资料库里的工作岗位信息。当你收到电子邮件时，你就把它当作一种提醒再去查一查资料库。

3.1 strategy英/?str?t?d??/ 美/'str?t?d?i/n. 战略，策略

3.2 abreast英/?'brest/ 美/?'br?st/adj. 并排的；肩并肩的adv. 并肩地；并列

4、“I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide. 一位职业搜索指南的作者说：“我不会依赖代理在数据库增加的每一项内容里去逐一寻找可能令我感兴趣的东西。”

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1、Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. 一些网络谋划让代理诱惑寻职者成为回头客。

2、When CareerSite`s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs—those it considers the best matches. 比如，当求职网代理向注册服务的用户发送信息时，它只提供三个它认为最可能匹配的岗位。

2.1 potential英/p??ten?l/ 美/p?'t?n?l/n. 潜能；可能性；[电] 电势adj. 潜在的；可能的；势的

3、There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them—and they do. 可能，在资料库里还有更多的匹配项；求职者于是只好再次访问这个网址来寻找—求职者的确会一而再、再而三地来上网寻找。

4、“On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite. 求职网销售副总裁塞思〃皮茨说：“我们发送这些信息的当天访问量就急剧增长。”

4.1 vice英/va?s/ 美/va?s/prep. 代替n. 恶习；缺点；[机] 老虎钳；卖淫adj. 副的；代替的vt. 钳住Paragraph 5

1、Even those who aren`t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. 即使非求职的人士也会发现搜索代理值得一览。

2、Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. 有些人利用搜索代理密切观察对于本行业的需求或搜集有关加薪的信息以备增薪谈判时胸有成竹。

2.1 compensation英/k?mpen'se??(?)n/ 美/,kɑmp?n'se??n/n. 补偿；报酬；赔偿金

3、Although happily employed, Redman maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. 雷德曼虽然已愉快就职，但他与“职业建筑师”网代理的联系依旧保持着。

3.1

4、“You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.他说：“你要永远睁大眼睛。”使用个人搜索代理等于多一双眼睛替你在观察。

2004 Text 2

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1、Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal在过去的一个世纪里各种各样的不公和歧视遭到了谴责或定为非法。

1.1 over＋时间：多长时间以来被动语态翻译尽量不要有被字

1.2 discrimination歧视discriminate against 歧视、排斥short cut 捷径trap陷阱，圈套be made illegal被定义为非法make ……illegal 规定某事非法make ……a crime定义某事为犯罪

1.3 make discrimination against women a crime定义歧视女性为犯罪

1.4 criticize 批评condemn谴责

2、But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism但是有一种隐蔽的形式还在蔓延：按字母表顺序排名。

2.1 insidious英/?n's?d??s/ 美/?n's?d??s/adj. 阴险的；隐伏的；暗中为害的；狡猾的

2.2 explicit英/?k'spl?s?t; ek-/ 美/?k'spl?s?t/adj. 明确的；清楚的；直率的；详述的explicit permission明确的许可alphabetism 字母排序歧视

2.3 thrive英/θra?v/ 美/θra?v/vi. 繁荣，兴旺；茁壮成长, 有river的地方才能thrive

2.4 artificial intellectual 人工智能

3、This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surname s begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.对于尚未意识到其危害的人来说，它指的是对那些姓氏起始字母位于字母表后半部的人的歧视。

3.1 those who are from China那些来自中国的人those who graduated from average university从普通大学毕业的学生those who/whose 搭配那些……的人

3.2 surname 英/'s??ne?m/ 美/'s?'nem/n. 姓，姓氏；绰号，别名vt. 给…起别名；给…姓氏

3.3 be aware of 意识到be unaware of 没有意识到disadvantage劣势, advantage优势

3.4 This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to…对于那些还没有意识到这种劣势的人来说，这指的是……as yet到目前为止,至今仍

3.5 the lower half of 后半部分the first half part前半部分

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1、It has long been known that a taxi firm ( which is )called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories人们早已知道在客户翻阅电话簿时，名叫AAAA的出租汽车公司要比Zodiac出租汽车公司有很大的优越性。

1.1 It has long been known that人们早已知道Less well known is the advantage that不太为人所知的是

1.2 thumb英/θ?m/ 美/θ?m/n. 拇指vt. 翻阅；以拇指拨弄；作搭车手势；笨拙地摆弄vi. 用拇指翻书页；竖起拇指要求搭车thumb through翻阅,查看refer to参考；涉及；指的是；适用于

1.3 directory英/d?'rekt(?)r?; da?-/ 美/d??r?kt?ri; (also) da??r?kt?ri/n. [计] 目录；工商名录；姓名地址录adj. 指导的；咨询的dictionary 字典directory通讯录inventory库存单

2、Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zysman至于在生活方面Adam Abbott 较之Zysman的优越性就不那么为人所知了。

3、English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K英语的姓名虽然在字母表的前后两半部分的分布相当平均，但顶级人物的姓名的首字母在A与K之间的却多得可疑。

3.1 evenly英/'i:v?nl?/ 美/'ivnli/adv. 均匀地；平衡地；平坦地；平等地

3.2 top people 顶尖的人alphabet英/'?lf?bet/ 美/'?lf?'b?t/n. 字母表，字母系统；入门，初步

3.3 suspiciously英/s?'spi??sli/ 美/s?'sp???sli/adv. 怀疑地；猜疑地

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1、Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush`s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. 如此这般，美国的总统和副总统的姓氏分别是以B和C字母起头。乔治〃布什的前任有二十六位（包括其父）的姓氏均在字母表的前半部，而姓氏在字母表后半部的却仅有十六位。

1.1 vice-president英/,vais'prezid?nt/ 美/,vais'prezid?nt/n. 副总裁；副总统；副校长

1.2 respectively英/r?'spekt?vl?/ 美/r?'sp?kt?vli/adv. 分别地；各自地，独自地

1.3 predecessor英/'pri?d?ses?/ 美/'pr?d?s?s?/n. 前任，前辈

2、Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). 更加令人瞩目的是七大富裕强国政府的首脑中有六位在其姓氏按字母表顺序排名时靠前（Berlusconi，Blair，Bush，Chirac，Chrétien，Koizumi）。

2.1 striking英/'stra?k??/ 美/'stra?k??/v. 打（strike的ing形式）adj. 显著的，突出的，惊人的；打击的；罢工的

3、The world`s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world`s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).世界三大中央银行行长（Greenspan，Duisenberg，Hayami）全都接近字母表的上端，三人之中有一人即使用日文也是如此。世界上最富有的前五位情况也是如此（Gates，Buffett，Allen，Ellison，Albrecht）。

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1、Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early这仅仅是巧合吗？按字母表顺序排名靠后的人在享受闲暇时光时凭空想出一种理论，认为这种倒霉事老早就开始了。

1.1 merely英/'m??l?/ 美/'m?rli/adv. 仅仅，只不过；只是

1.2 coincidence英/k??'?ns?d(?)ns/ 美/ko'?ns?d?ns/n. 巧合；一致；同时发生

2、At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names在幼儿学校第一年之始，老师为了较为容易记住学生的名字，就按字母表顺序由前往后给学生排座位。

2.1 infant school幼儿园

3、So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers因此近视的小Zysman就被插在了后排，这样一来，粗心的教师提出的有助于提高的问题就很少会问到他。

3.1 get stuck in被困在insensitive英/?n'sens?t?v/ 美/?n's?ns?t?v/adj. 感觉迟钝的，对…没有感觉的

4、At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape.这时，按字母表顺序排名靠后的学生还认为他们能逃避老师的问题很幸运。

5、Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.然而，结果可能就是成绩欠佳，因为这种学生得到的个人关注较少，同时当众讲话时的信心也不足。

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1、The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. 这种委屈继续着。在大学的毕业典礼上，姓名首字母是ABC的学生骄傲的首先领到奖品；等轮到Zysmans们领奖品的时候，大多数人简直都在鼾声大作了。

1.1 humiliation英/,hju?m?l?'e??n/ 美/hj?,m?l?'e??n/n. 丢脸，耻辱；蒙羞；谦卑

1.2 literally英/'l?t(?)r?l?/ 美/'l?t?r?li/adv. 照字面地；逐字地；不夸张地；正确地；简直

2、Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them. 求职面试、选举投票、会议发言或参加会议等诸多名单，也是按字母表顺序排序，当人们费劲地向下查看时，兴趣随之索然.

2.1 ballot英/'b?l?t/ 美/'b?l?t/n. 投票；投票用纸；投票总数vt. 使投票表决；拉选票vi. 投票；抽签决定recipient英/r?'s?p??nt/ 美/r?'s?p??nt/n. 容器，接受者；容纳者adj. 容易接受的，感受性强的

2.2 plough through乘风破浪，破浪前进；吃力地钻研；费力地阅读；费力地通过

2.3 plough英/pla?/ 美/pla?/n. 犁；耕地（等于plow）vi. 用犁耕田；开路vt. 犁；耕

2004 Text 3

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1、When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn`t biting her nails just yet.（经济发展速度开始减慢时, 艾伦〃斯佩罗还不至于不知所措）

1.1 When it comes to名词（组）, 主谓When it comes to全文主旨`

1.1.1阅读翻译：当提及……时, 当谈到……时

1.1.2写作：When it comes to＋题目, opinions vary. Some tend to claim that……, whereas others may contend that……,I am strongly convinced that (我坚信) . convenience便利；厕所；便利的事物

1.1.3重要补充：①be convinced that (相信)…….例1 The scientists have been convinced that(科学家一直相信)…….例2 They are convinced that(他们相信)…….

②hold/ claim/ assert /argue /contend 主张, 认为写作例句：While many might hold that , others seem to assert that .注：While 句子1 , 句子2 .（两个句子, 对比相反）

③seem to /tend to /may/might等情态动词, 专用于主谓之间, 制造抽象感觉.注：主语和谓语动词之间插入有4种（主+插入＋谓）：1）从句2）—ed…—ing…to…adj…prep…3）tend to seem to may/might can/could 等4）双逗号或双破折号

④some people省略为some many people省略为many few people省略为few 省略名词

……lest（以免）……（should）＋动词原形decision 判决distinction 区别, 不同

1.2 slowing/falling/fading /declining

1.2.1阅读：①slowing economy 减速的经济, 放缓的经济slowdown 经济的减速acceleration 加速

②falling日益下跌, 越来越低（fall 下跌, 下降rise 上涨, 上升）falling costs 日益下跌的支出（花费）falling communication and transportation costs 日益下跌的通讯和交通支出.

③fading (fade逐渐消失, 褪色dye 染色) the fading competitiveness of Japanese auto industry.日本汽车业逐渐消失的竞争力.fading distinction between socialism and capitalism.社会主义和资本主义逐渐消失的区别

④declining (decline 婉拒, 衰退, 走下坡路on the decline走下坡路) MIT(麻省理工学院Massachusetts Institute of Technology）is on the decline, whereas BIT(北京理工大学Beijing Institute of Technology) is now on the rise.declining adj.走下坡路的auto industry(汽车业) textile industry（纺织业）banking industry（银行业）a declining industry(一个走下坡路的行业)

1.2.2写作：①This is an explosive situation for any society, particularly a developing one.对任何一个国家的社会, 这是一种危机的局面, 尤其是一个发展中国家.explosive situation 严峻的现状, 危机的局面

1.2.3重要补充：〃rising growing soaring increasing

①rising living costs 日益上涨的生活支出falling transportation costs 日益下跌的交通支出

rising concern 越来越关注写作例句：幸运的是, 今天人们越来越关注这种令人痛心的现象.Rising concern, fortunately, has been given today to such an upsetting phenomenon.、

②growing ~competitiveness of emerging economies新兴经济与日俱增的竞争力emerge v.出现emerging countries 新兴国家fading competiveness of US economy.美国经济逐渐消失的竞争力growing threat of global warming全球变暖与日俱增的威胁.growing threat of haze and smog 雾霾与日俱增的威胁

③s oaring adj.激增的（soar v.剧增, 激增）soaring health budget 激增的医疗预算.health=healthcare=care（医疗, 卫生）soaring home prices 激增的房价holding steady（保持稳定）

④an increasing number of people=people in mounting numbers越来越多的人youngster in mounting numbers 越来越多的年轻人Chinese in mounting numbers

1.3 bite one`s nails=scratch(挠) one`s nails不知所措, 束手无策

1.3.1 When it comes to 不好的事, Sb. isn`t biting one`s nails just yet.

1.3.2重要补充have a ZZZ=noisily doze off呼噜地睡着了doze off 瞌睡, 入睡

put computers in the classroom 多媒体教学例句：The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is far-reaching.作者认为当前的多媒体教学热是意义深远的.present adj./ n.当前的, 现在的in the past at present in the future rush 狂热, 热the rush to learn English 学英语热

put pen to paper=write （P58-3-3）When you put pen to paper during a test, try to seek an elevated tone(有高度的语言).tone 语言mother tone=native language 母语

1.4 not ……just yet尚未, 还没有……Many have not come to realize(=realized)the severity of such a grim (upsetting) trend(糟糕的趋势) just yet.

as yet到目前为止（专门用于含否定词的句子中）Writing had not been invented as yet.书写体系当时还没有创造出来

2、But the 47-year-old manicurist isn`t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she`d like to, either.( 但是, 这位四十七岁的指甲修饰师修剪、锉磨、上油的指甲数量却难遂其愿了.)

indulgence n.放纵, 纵容indulgent permissive adj.放纵的permit v.允许doze off 瞌睡

file （把...归档, 提出[申请等], 锉, 琢磨）a file of newspapers 报纸的合订本a deep file 老奸巨猾的家伙nail file 指甲锉manicurist指甲修饰师

middle-brow （中等文化素养的, 平庸之辈[尤作贬义]）Mozart is pleasing to highbrows, middlebrows and lowbrows alike.莫扎特的作品雅俗共赏

2.1 超纲单词当超纲单词为名词时, 上下文推理: ①该名词前面往往有the/this/these/such等, 前面提到的人或者物②这个超纲单词前后往往有同义词或近义词.

2.2 并列结构用and或or并列, 会一个即可.考研前7篇化复杂为简单, 后两篇化简单为复杂.

2.3比较结果not……as many ……as ……manicurist 美甲师barber 美发师

2.4 cut file polish cut v.见, 切file v.磨, n.文件夹, 锉polish v.抹油, 磨光, 打蜡, 上油

3、Most of her clients spend ＄12 to ＄50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers（常客）suddenly stopped showing up.（她的大多数顾客每周花费十二至五十美元, 可上周两位长期客户突然不来了）

3.1 对立对比关系①句子1 , but句子2.〃but=while=whereas

②while（=whereas=though=although）句子1, 句子2

3.2 client customer shopper buyer patron顾客, 客户patronize v.光临, 惠顾

☆3.3 多变化：用词, 句式, 标点

①用词多变化, 例漫画：cartoon drawing image picture illustration

②句式多变化, 基本句式：主+谓长难句：3大类14种

Ⅰ主+插入语+谓……1）从句2）-ed…-ing…to …adj…prep…从句省略做后臵定语

3）tend to seem to may/might等情态动词4）双逗号结构, 双破折号结构however Ⅱ主+谓+补充1）从句2）-ed…-ing…to …adj…prep…（限制性定语从句）

主+谓, 补充1）从句2）-ed…-ing…to …adj…prep…（非限制性定语从句, 状语）

3）独立主格结构4）名词（组）（同位语）

Ⅲ引导, 主谓……1）从句2）-ed…-ing…To …adj…prep…（做状语）

3）独立主格结构4）副词Indeed, Moreover, Meanwhile,

即主谓之间插入, 主谓后补充, 主谓前引导

特殊句型：倒装句, 强调句, 祈使句, it形式主语, 特殊用法（省略）

3.3 show up 出现emerge emerging countries 新兴国家

4、Spero blames the softening economy.（斯派罗把原因归咎于疲软的经济）

4.1 blame owe…to…(NO.46 , 24D P60, 22D) attribute…to 把原因归为…的原因是…

nutrition n.营养nurture v./n.培养feedback反馈high achievers 成就高的人According to the author, the department store (=supermarket) in the 19th century owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.作者认为19

世纪百货商店出现的原因是消费文化.consume v.消费consumption n.消费impact v.影响have (no) significant impact on 对…(没)有重大影响

4.2 the softening economy=the slowing economy=the economy is cooling=the slowdown 疲软/减速/降温的经济

5、"I`m a good economic indicator, " she says."I provide a service that people can do without when they`re concerned about saving some dollars."( 她说：“我是个准确的经济晴雨表.我提供的服务在当人们想攒钱时就变成可有可无.”) ☆5.1 引号的用法

5.1.1阅读：除非有明确的记号, 引号里面的内容不读.

5.1.1 写作: 要用到引号“”, notes Dr. Wang, a 47-year-old sociology professor at Peking University

6、So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard`s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus.(因此Spero正在降低消费档次, 同时在她郊区家附近的一个中型的叫Dillard的百货商店购物, 而不再去内曼〃玛科斯..) scale n.规模downscale v.缩小规模suburb n.郊区

6.1 句子, -ing…当一个主语做了两个或两个以上动作时, 一个动作用-ing形式, 而另一个做谓语.She got up early this morning, going to the airport hurriedly. Getting up early this morning, she went to the airport hurriedly.

7、"I don`t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too" she says.（她说“我不知道其他顾客会不会也不再光顾我.”）

Paragraph 2

1、Even before Alan Greenspan`s admission that America`s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks(=people) had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves.即使在艾伦〃格林斯潘（美国联邦储备委员会前主席）还未承认美国过热的经济正在冷却的时候, 许许多多的劳动者已经看出经济渐缓的迹象.

1.1 even before , 主谓……引导（该句子没用）, 主谓……(重点)

1）从句2）-ed…-ing…To …adj…prep…（做状语）

3）独立主格结构4）副词Indeed, Moreover, Meanwhile,

1.2 sign(完型中考) n.迹象兆头signal n.信号message n.信息短消息signs of recovery复苏的迹象signs of

the slowdown 经济减速的迹象

1.3 admission n.允许进入Free admission 免费入场No admission 禁止入场承认（admission）否认（denial）admit v.承认, 允许进入deny v.否认big potato 大人物the former chairman 前主席

1.4 美国联邦储备系统（The U.S. Federal Reserve System）, 简称为美联储（Federal Reserve）

1.5 The economy is red-hot 经济过热the economy is cooling/softening/slowing.经济放缓/减速

2、From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending.（从汽车经销商到Gap商店, 因为顾客减少了开支, 数月以来销量一直不好.）

2.1 引导成分+主谓

2.2 sales销量lag v./n.拖后腿leg 腿

2.3 现在完成进行时have been doing 一直……Recently, people in mounting numbers have been surfing the internet all day long.

2.4 as, since, for, because 因为, 由于

2.5 temper减轻, 环节temper one`s spending temper one`s ideal outlet商店

2.6汽车经销商car dealerships Audi/Porsche/Toyota dealership 奥迪/保时捷/丰田经销商

3、For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time.（去年在感恩节和圣诞节之间零售商的销售收入是全年的百分之二十四.对于他们来讲, 在关键时期该谨慎行事了.）

3.1 retail n/v.零售retail sales 零售销量retailer 零售商

3.2 For sb.对某人来说……For me, English is pretty difficult.

3.3 revenue 收入budget=cost=spending 支出

3.4 cautious 小心翼翼的approach方法the scientific/crude/intensive approach 科学的/粗糙的/深入细致的方法caution : slippery crucial 关键的

※……is coming at a crucial time.……来的真（不）是时候.

4、Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year`s pace.（专家说, 假日销售额比去年同期下降了百分之7）

5、But don`t sound any alarms just yet.（但是尚未听见任何警报）（事情并不是特别严重）

Consumers seem mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy`s

long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.（消费者看起来略显忧虑, 并没有惊慌失措.许多人虽然稍微勒紧腰带, 但他们说对于经济的长期前景还是乐观的.）

5.1 not……just yet 尚未, 还没有sound 声音、听起来、sound like听起来像adj.（在某个方面）好的intellectually sound 有学识的人environmentally good physically sound but intellectual poor 四肢发达, 头脑简单-ly sound 在某方面好的cognitively sound/poor 在认知方面好/差recognize v.认出

5.2 mild 温和的wild 猛烈的, 野生的wild animals 野生动物liberal mind 开明的想法

5.3 concern 担忧、关切Rising concern, fortunately, has been given today to the issue of haze and smog. Panic 恐慌feel panicked 感到恐慌feel concerned 感到关切.Many seem to assert（认为）that……, while others tend to argue that…….认为、主张：assert , argue , claim , contend , hold , insist , maintain

remain optimistic 保持乐观.long-term prospect/effect/development长期前景/效果/发展

5.4 even as即使当……时tighten the control over the press加紧对新闻媒体的控制

5.5 modest 谦虚, 中等的, 适度的the educated 受教育的人the highly/modestly/poorly educated受教育程度高/中/低的人higher education 高等教育high school 高中secondary school初中primary school小学

5.6 diligent勤奋的hit a plateau 达到高潮slacken off 放慢plateau（高原）

当一个国家的economy （slowing , softening , cooling , slowdown）时, 人们往往（temper one`s spending , downscale , do some modest belt-tightening , the cautious approach）, 可是人们的态度（Not panicked, not bite one`s nails, not in despair, seem mildly concerned, remain optimistic about the long-term prospects）

Paragraph 3

1、Consumers say they`re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good.（尽管媒体报道很可怕, 消费者说他们没有绝望, 他们依旧对自己的财产状况感觉相当良好）

1.1 In spite of /Given/Despite（＋名词或民词组）……, 主谓……

1.2 tighten the control over the press 控制媒体mass media 大众媒体the headlines （引申为）媒体headline 新闻标题dreadful 可怕的signs of recovery 恢复的信号signs of breakdown 崩溃的信号desperate 绝望的despair绝望live in despair 在绝望中, 处在绝望中inspire 激励~sb. to do sth.

spirit 精气神

1.3 fortune 财富, 财产fame and fortune 名和利pretty=fairly=rather=quite=very相当的

2、Home prices are holding steady in most regions.（房价在大部分地区保持稳定.）

remain optimistic 保持乐观hold steady保持稳定

3、In Manhattan, "there`s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses, " says broker Barbara Corcoran.（在麦哈顿, 这一次新的狂热发生在4百万到1千万范围内, 主要由华尔街的股票红利提供.）

3.1 broker 经纪人, 中介real estate broker 房产中介gold rush 淘金热, 狂热idiom成语

the good rush to 对……的狂热range from……to……predominantly=primarily=chiefly=mainly主要地

3.2 feed by 由……提供stock 股票~price, ~exchange, ~market swings股市波动NO investing, no harvesting.没有投资就没有收获.No effort, no comfort.

3.3 Wall Street bonuses 华尔街的股票红利.bonus 红利, 分红, 股息

4、In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets.（在旧金山, 即使当出价过高的房价偃旗息鼓, 房价依旧在上升）

4.1 even as=even when 即使当……时, quiet 安静的, 安静先来bid 出价, 竞标overbid 出价过高frenzied=crazy

5、"Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three, " says john Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker.（旧金山海湾地区房地产经纪人约翰说：你现在不是得到20-30份报价, 而是2-3个）

5.1 instead of……不是……而是Bay Area 旧金山湾区bay 海湾

6、And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.（并且许多人依旧对自己的找工作并保住工作的能力感到很自信.）

6.1 feel pretty comfortable about one`s ability to do sth.

Paragraph 4

1、Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown.（许多人对于经济减速抱有乐观的希望.）

1.1silver 银gold 金bronze 铜line 线lane 道lining衬里, 内层silver linings一线希望, 不幸中的万幸, 坏事里面的好事.Every could has its silver linings.祸兮, 福所倚.乌云背后总有一线光芒

2、Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates.（潜在的房产购买者会对利率下调欢天喜地.）

2.1 Potential潜在的inflation 通货膨胀birth rate, death rate, survival rate 幸存率crime rate

3、Employers wouldn`t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market.（雇主们对就业市场少了些泡沫也并不在意.）

3.1 bubble 泡沫Tsinghua university, Tsingtao beer, Kuomintang

3.2 a little fewer 比较结构前面（a little, a good deal, a great deal, much, far, a long way, way ）

But the sources of distrust go（are）way（a long way）deeper.但是不信任的根源是更深刻的.A of B（B的A）trust 信任distrust 不信任

4、Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too.（许多消费者似乎一直受股票市场波动的影响, 投资者把这种波动视为持续繁荣的必要因素.就餐者可能也看到了有利的方面.）

4.1 view as=see as 看做ingredient=element=component=part 成分, 组成部分

4.2sustained boom 持久繁荣sustained effort/concentration 持久的努力/专注sustainable development 可持续发展upside 优势, 上面dinner 晚饭lunch 午饭breakfast 早饭Diners吃货positive 积极地negative 消极的

5、Getting a table at Manhattan`s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore.（在曼哈顿新开的火爆的阿兰〃杜卡斯饭店吃上一桌曾经是不可能的, 现在不了.）

5.1 used to =once 在过去, 曾经

6、For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.（这真值得格林斯潘和他的同事们庆祝.）

6.1 Co.（company）公司, 伙伴accompany 陪伴

6.2 toast 干杯cheer 欢呼, 庆祝cure/remedy/therapy/treatment治疗, 疗法

6.3 grow out of =kill off摒弃……（坏习惯）be engaged in 忙于caution 小心, 谨慎cautious 小心的

bubble（泡沫, 起泡；洋溢, 充满）He blows bubbles with soap water.他用肥皂水吹泡泡She was bubbling with confidence.她充满信心

swing （摇摆）let it have its swing 听其自然The ape swung along from branch to branch.那只猿猴从一根树枝荡到另一根树枝.

ingredient[?n`ɡrid??nt]（成分, 因素）Mix all the ingredients together in a large saucepan.把所有的配料放在大平底锅里Mental illness and detachment from society are the ingredient of suicide.精神病和脱离社会是自杀的因素

2004 Text 4

Paragraph 1

1、Americans today don`t place a very high value on intellect. 今天的美国人不很看重才学。

1.1intellect英/'?nt?lekt/ 美/'?nt?l?kt/n. 智力，理解力；知识分子；思维逻辑领悟力；智力高的人

2、Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. 我们的英雄不是学者而是运动员、演艺圈名星和企业家。

2.1 entertainer英/ent?'te?n?/ 美/'?nt?'ten?/n. 演艺人员，表演者

2.2 entrepreneur英/??ntr?pr??n??(r)/ 美/?ɑntr?pr??n?/n. 企业家；承包人；主办者

3、Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. 即使是我们的学校也只是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的地方，而不是让他们为了知识而去追求学问。

3.1 sake英/se?k/ 美/sek/n. 目的；利益；理由；日本米酒

3.2 pursue英/p?'sju?/ 美/p?'s?/vi. 追赶；继续进行vt. 继续；从事；追赶；纠缠

3.3 practical英/'pr?kt?k(?)l/ 美/'pr?kt?kl/adj. 实际的；实用性的

4、Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren`t difficult to find. 学校里不难发现反智主义的普遍表现。

4.1 Symptom 英/'s?m(p)t?m/ 美/'s?mpt?m/n. [临床] 症状；征兆

4.2 pervasive英/p?'ve?s?v/ 美/p?'ves?v/adj. 普遍的；到处渗透的；流行的

Paragraph 2

1、“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. 教育学作家戴安〃莱维西说：“学校始终处于实用重于才学的社会之中。”

2、“Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitch`s latest book. Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. “学校本来可能是一种抵消的力量。”莱维西最新著作《落后：一个世纪的失败学校改革》探索学校里反智主义倾向的根源，书中的结论是：美国学校绝没有抵制美国人对才学追求的厌恶。

2.1 counterbalance英/'ka?nt?,b?l(?)ns/ 美/,ka?nt?'b?l?ns/n. 平衡力；自动抵销vt. 使平衡；抵消

2.2 pursuit英/p?'sju?t/ 美/p?'sut/n. 追赶，追求；职业，工作

Paragraph 3

1、But they could and should be. 但学校是能够并应该做到这一点的。

2、Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. 鼓励孩子们排斥精神生活使得他们极易被利用和控制。

2.1 vulnerable英/?v?ln?r?bl/ 美/'v?ln?r?bl/adj. 易受攻击的，易受伤害的；有弱点的

2.2 exploitation英/ekspl??'te??(?)n/ 美/,?kspl??'te??n/n. 开发，开采；利用；广告推销；剥削

3、Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. 如果不能批判地思考、不能捍卫自己的思想、不能理解他人的思想，他们就不能充分地参与我们的民主。

3.1 critically英/'kr?t?kl?/ 美/'kr?t?kli/adv. 精密地；危急地；严重地；批评性地；用钻研眼光地；很大程度上；极为重要地

3.2 democracy英/d?'m?kr?s?/ 美/d??mɑkr?si/n. 民主，民主主义；民主政治

4、Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”作家厄尔~绍利斯说，沿着这条路线发展下去，“我们将变为二流国家。我们的社会将不再那么文明。”

4.1 civil英/'s?v(?)l; -?l/ 美/'s?vl/adj. 公民的；民间的；文职的；有礼貌的；根据民法的Paragraph 4

1、“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. 历史学家兼教授理查德~霍夫斯塔特在《美国生活中的反智主义》中写道：“才学被看作一种权利或特权而遭厌恶。”该书探讨美国政治、宗教和教育中的反智主义的根源，曾获普利策奖。

1.1 resent英/r?'zent/ 美/r?'z?nt/vt. 怨恨；愤恨；厌恶

1.2 privilege英/?pr?v?l?d?/ 美/?pr?v?l?d?/n. 特权；优待vt. 给予…特权；特免

2、From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. 霍夫斯塔特说：自我们的历史之初，我们对民主化和大众化的渴望就驱使我们排斥任何带有精英优越论味道的东西。

2.1 elitism英/e?'li?t?z(?)m; ?-/ 美/e'lit?z?m/n. 精英主义；杰出人物统治论

3、Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.实用性、常识以及与生俱有的智力这些素质一直被视作比可以从书本里学得的任何东西都高贵。 3.1 common sense常识

3.2 noble英/'n??b(?)l/ 美/'nobl/n. 贵族adj. 高尚的；贵族的；惰性的；宏伟的vt. 抓住；逮捕Paragraph 5

1、Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: 拉尔夫〃瓦尔多〃爱默生和其他一些先验主义哲学家认为学校教育和严格的书本学习限制了孩子们的天性。

1.1 transcendentalist英/,tr?nsen'dent?list/ 美/,t r?nsen'dent?list/adj. 超越论者的，先验论者的

1.2 philosopher英/f?'l?s?f?/ 美/f?'lɑs?f?/n. 哲学家；哲人

1.3 rigorous英/'r?g(?)r?s/ 美/'r?ɡ?r?s/adj. 严格的，严厉的；严密的；严酷的

2、“We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”Mark Twain`s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American

anti-intellectualism. “我们被关在中小学和大学的朗诵室里十年或十五年，最后出来满肚子墨水，却啥都不懂。”马克?吐温的小说《哈克贝利?芬》即是美国反智主义的例证。

2.1 recitation英/,res?'te??(?)n/ 美/,r?s?'te??n/n. 背诵；朗诵；详述；背诵的诗

2.2 bellyful英/'bel?f?l; -f(?)l/ 美/'b?l?'f?l/n. 满腹；满肚子；过量

2.3 exemplify英/?g'zempl?fa?; eg-/ 美/?ɡ'z?mpl?fa?/vt. 例证；例示

3、Its hero avoids being civilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his innate goodness.该书的主人公逃避教化——上学和学习读书写字——因此他才得以保住善良的天性。

3.1 hero英/'h??r??/ 美/'h?ro/n. 英雄；男主角，男主人公

3.2 innate英/?'ne?t; '?ne?t/ 美/?'net/adj. 先天的；固有的；与生俱来的

3.3 goodness英/'g?dn?s/ 美/?g?dn?s/n. 善良，优秀；精华，养分int. 天哪

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1、Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. 按照霍夫斯塔特的观点，才学不同于天生的智力，它是一种我们不太情愿去赞赏的品质。

1.1 reluctantly英/r?'l?kt?ntl?/ 美/r?'l?kt?ntli/adv. 不情愿地；嫌恶地

2、Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. 才学是精神世界中的批评、创造和沉思的一面。

2.1 contemplative英/k?n'templ?t?v/ 美/k?n't?mpl?t?v/adj. 沉思的；冥想的；默想的

3、Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines.智力寻求的是理解、运用、整合和调节，而才学是审视、思考、探究、形成理论、批判和想象。

3.1 grasp英/grɑ?sp/ 美/ɡr?sp/n. 抓住；理解；控制vi. 抓vt. 抓住；领会

3.2 manipulate英/m?'n?pj?le?t/ 美/m?'n?pjulet/vt. 操纵；操作；巧妙地处理；篡改

3.3 ponder英/'p?nd?/ 美/'pɑnd?/vt. 仔细考虑；衡量vi. 考虑；沉思

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1、School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted.学校仍然是一个才智受到怀疑的地方。

2、Hofstadter says our country`s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”霍夫斯坦特说我们国家的教育体制掌握在这样一群人的手中，“他们沾沾自喜地、霸气十足地公然宣称他们对才智的敌意，也迫不急待地表示出对那些在才智上没有前途的孩子们的认同。”

2.1 militantly英/'milit?ntli/ 美/'milit?ntli/adv. 好战地；好斗地；强硬地

2.2 proclaim英/pr?'kle?m/ 美/pr?'klem/vt. 宣告，公布；声明；表明；赞扬

2.3 hostility英/h?'st?l?t?/ 美/hɑ'st?l?ti/n. 敌意；战争行动

2.4 eagerness英/'i?g?n?s/ 美/'i:ɡ?nis/n. 渴望；热心