Unit 5 词语的翻译(一)

Unit 5词语的翻译（一）
课时：
2H
教学目的要求：
在汉译英中掌握如何恰当地翻译形容词。

教学重点：
形容词的转换翻译法。

教学难点：
形容词翻译需要注意的问题。

教学内容：
1.作定语的形容词的译法
译成形容词：大部分可以直接译成英语的形容词
1) 他有着矮小的身材。

He is short and slight in figure.
2) 这是一笔肮脏的政治交易。

It is a dirty political deal.
3) 他有个暴脾气。

He has a hot temper
4) 笨鸟先飞。

Clumsy birds have to start flying early—the slow need to start early.
5) 那里是碧草如茵。

There is a carpet of green grass there.
译为现在分词
1) 这是一个动人的故事。

It is a moving story.
2) 残阳如火。

The setting sun is like a fire.
3) 在旧社会他常在炽热的阳光下干活儿。

In the old society he was always working under the blazing sun.
译为过去分词
1) 这是男尊女卑的陈腐观念。

This is the outworn concept that men are superior to women.
2) 那是个臭鸡蛋。

That is a rotten egg.
3) 他是个残废军人。

He is a disabled army man.
4) 她带着诧异的神色。

She wore a surprised look.
5) 他看到了激动的人群。

He saw the excited crowd.
译为词组
1) 这是个彻底的失败。

It was an out and out failure.
2) 他用冰冷的双手把孩子抱在怀里。

He held the child into his arms with his ice-cold hands.
3) 他有许许多多的钱。

He has a large amount of money.
译为名词
1) 温暖的屋子使她感到昏昏欲睡。

The warmth of the room made her sleepy.
2) 他悲哀的脸色表明他后悔不已。

The sadness on his face showed that he was overcome with regret.
译为介词短语
1) 他看到了一片欣欣向荣的景象。

He saw a picture of prosperity.
2) 她凝视着沉寂的深夜中的明月。

In the still of night, she was staring at the bright moon.
译为副词
1) 众所周知，气体是完全的弹性体。

It is well-known that gases are perfectly elastic.
2) 常温下水银具有很大的稳定性。

At ordinary temperature mercury is greatly stable.
3) 汉语发音跟英语发音有很大的区别。

Chinese differs greatly from English in pronunciation.
4) 这种情景给了我很深的印象。

I was deeply impressed by the sight.
2.作状语或补语的形容词的译法
译成副词
1)他们粗暴地干涉别国的内政。

They wantonly interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.
2)这房子盖得很粗陋。

This is a crudely built house.
3)他走得很慢。

He walked very slowly.
译成介词短语或不定式
1)他劝她把一切都清清楚楚地写出来。

He advised her to put everything down in black and white.
2)他被残酷地杀害了。

He was murdered in cold blood.
3)他把事情安排得对谁都合适。

He so arranged the matter as to suit every one.
译成动词
1) 它被冻死。

It died of frost.
2) 他辛辛苦苦地为写那本书收集资料。

He is taking pains in collecting data for writing that book.
译成形容词
1)他们损失惨重。

They suffered heavy losses.
2)他们粗暴地违反了国际惯例。

They acted in gross violation of international practice. 3)他们的手冻僵了。

Their hands were numb with cold.
3. 作表语、谓语的形容词的译法
译成形容词：
1)他急于去散步。

He is eager to have a walk.
2)我和他谈话很愉快。

I found it pleasant to talk to him.
3)他沉默了一会儿。

He kept silent for a while.
译成名词
1)很遗憾他没有来。

It’s a pity he hasn’t come.
2)是他错了。

It’s his fault.
3)这样做是完全必要的。

To do so is an absolute necessity.
4)我们的办公室很冷，糟透了。

The coldness of our office is terrible.
译成分词
1)他的名声早就臭了。

He has long been discredited.
2)他的心情很沉闷。

He is depressed.
3)听了这个突如其来的消息，我们都十分诧异。

We were all astonished at the unexpected news.
4)你们访问我国，我们感到很荣幸。

We feel much honoured to have you to visit our country.
译成动词、动词短语或动词不定式
1)小心别着凉。

Take care not to catch cold.
2)你放心好了。

Please rest assured about it.
3)别着急，我多一张票。

Don’t worry, I have a ticket to spare.
4)周总理逝世后全国人民都很悲痛。

The whole country grieved over Premier Zhou’s death.
4. 作主语、宾语的形容词的译法
1)勤恳是学习的好的必要条件。

Diligence is one of the requisites in achieving better results in study.
2)虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。

Modesty helps one make progress whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
3)他不喜欢暴风雨前的宁静。

He dislikes the calm before the storm
(After class exercise)
5. 翻译形容词应注意的几个问题
A. 加字
粗活
臭豆腐
交通畅达
我们畅谈了整整一夜。

B. 减字
他笨手笨脚的。

你应丢掉不切实际的幻想。

小说的情节错综复杂，引人入胜。

祖国的前途光辉灿烂。

C. 意译
现在形势大好。

大好时机
大干
大白菜
他给多愁善感的玛丽写了封信。