宾语从句难点讲解与练习题

宾语从句难点讲解与练习题
宾语从句难点讲解与练习题

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?在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

?语序

◆无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主

句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。根据连接词在从

句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四种:

?连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有: who,what,

which等。如:

◆Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告诉我谁

知道答案吗?

◆The small children don't know what is in their stockings.这

些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西?

?连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有:

whose,what,which,how many,how much等。如:

◆He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我

们班上谁的书法最好。

◆The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老

师问我们房间里有多少人。

?连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接

词有:who(m),what,which,how many,how much, when,why,how,where,if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等。如:

◆He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他还没决定

是否去无锡旅行。

◆Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉

我我如何处理这笔钱吗?

?连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见

的连接词有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如:

◆Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪个班吗?

◆She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是

谁的钢笔。

?连接词

?当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正

式文体中常省略。如:

◆He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他

会在晚饭前完成工作。

?当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。

如:

◆I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many

years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

◆但在下列情况下只能用whether:

◆①在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用

时,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:

◆Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know

whether or not he will come)让我知道他是否能来。

◆I don't know whether /if he does any washing or not.(=I don't

know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗

衣服。

◆I wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我们是去还

是留。

◆②在介词之后用whether。如:

◆I'm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否

喜欢英语。

◆We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我

们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。

◆I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她

的感情。

◆③在不定式前用whether。如:

◆He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是

否拜访那位老人。

◆I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。

◆He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决

定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。

◆④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。如:

◆Whether this is true or not,I can't say.这是否真的我说不上

来。

◆⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如:

◆Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来

还是个问题。

◆The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否

赶上公共汽车。

◆⑥若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。如:

◆Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为:

◆Please let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是否

喜欢这本书。

◆If you like the book,please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书,

请告诉我。

?如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如:

◆Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this

morning?你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗?

?时态

◆含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点

内容:

?如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相

应的任何时态。如:

◆I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。

◆He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他

姐姐昨天回来了。

?如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用

过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种

形式。如:

◆①The children didn't know who he was.孩子们不知道他是谁。

◆②He asked his father how it happened.他问他父亲这件事是如

何发生的。

?如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,

不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。如:

◆The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地

球绕着太阳转。

?注意:

◆if和when既可以引导宾语从句,也可以引导状语从句,应注意它们

在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时,分

别意为“是否”和“何时”,其时态应和主句时态相呼应;它们引导

状语从句时,意思分别为“如果,假如”和“当……时候”,当主句

时态是一般将来时时,其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语

从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如:

◆—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天

什么时候回来吗?

◆—Sorry,I don't know.When he comes back,I'll tell you.对

不起,不知道。当他回来了,我将告诉你。

◆—I don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否会来。

◆—He will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨,他会来的。

◆简化宾语从句常用六法

◆同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句,使其与原句

意思相同(或相近)的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的

方法:

●方法一:当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose,

agree, promise等,且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,宾语

从句可简化为不定式结构。例如:

●Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to

be back very soon.

●We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.

●方法二:当主句谓语动词是know, learn, remember, forget,

tell等动词,且主句主语与从句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为

“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如:

●She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has

forgotten how to open the window.

●注:当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词,且

后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑

问词+不定式”结构。例如:

●Could you tell me how I can get to the station?→Could you

tell me how to get to the station?

●方法三:当主句的谓语动词是order(命令),require(需要)

等时,如果主句和从句的主语不一致,宾语从句可简化为“名词

(代词)+不定式”结构。例如:

●The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The

headmaster ordered us to start at once.

●方法四:某些动词后的宾语从句,可以用介词加动名词(短语)

等其他形式简化。例如:

●He insisted that he should g o with us. →He insisted on going

with us.

●The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. →The

poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

●方法五:某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式(作

宾语补足语)”结构。例如:

●Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.

→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

●方法六:动词seem后的宾语从句,也可以用不定式(短语)来简

化,但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如:

●It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed

to win.

●除上述方法外,还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如:

●I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I

found it difficult to learn English well.

◆Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon

we found the ground covered with thick snow.

◆They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box

very heavy

◆初中英语宾语从句语法专项精选试题

◆习题(一)

◆ 1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.

●took B. take C. takes D. will take

◆ 2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.

?has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been

◆ 3 The students want to know whether they___ dictation today.

?had B. has . C. will have D. are

◆ 4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.

?could she B. she could C. she can D. she may

◆ 5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.

?travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled

◆答案:1-5 A D C B C

◆习题(二)

◆ 1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty

?who B. what C. when D. that

◆ 2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.

?what B. if C. when D. where

◆ 3 I hardly understand. ___ he has told me.

?that B. what C. which D. who

◆ 4 She didn't know___ back soon.

?whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be

◆ 5. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.

?whether B where C. what D. when

◆ 6. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening

?what B when C why D how

◆7. He asked me _____told me the accident.

◆ A whom B which C who D whose

◆答案:1-7 C B B A A A C

◆习题(三)

?They don't know their parents are.

◆ A that B what C why D which

?Please tell me ______what last year.

?where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your

sister works D where your sister worked

?She asked me if I knew ______.

?whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen

was it

?You must remember ________.

?what your mother said B. what did your mother say

?your mother said what D. what has your mother said

◆ 5 Did you know ____

?who he was looking after B. who was he looking for

?who he is looking for D. who he is looking after

◆ 6 Could you tell me ___

?when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing

?when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing

◆答案:1-6 B D B A A C

◆习题(四)

?In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My

Cheese was an interesting book. (北京市东城区)

?that B. how C. whatD. if

?—I don't know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us.

◆—He will help us with our English. (杭州市)

?why B. when C. how D. where

?—We never know _____ the old m an is.

◆—They say he is a teacher. (鄂州市)

?what B. who C. which D. where

?I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with

computers. (重庆市)

?that how B. how that C. when that D. that when

?—Do you know _____ I'm going to see him.

◆—Sorry, I don't know. (北京市海淀区)

?where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live

?where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived

?—W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer

◆—Sorry, I have no idea. (南京市)

?/; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy

?I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _____ this morning. (重庆市)

?what the matter is B. what is wrong

?what the matter was D. what wrong was

?—Where is Jack

初中英

语宾

语从

句专

项语

法讲解◆—He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou

or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _____ . (南昌市)

?that B. which C. where D. there

◆答案:1—4 D A A D 5—8 C A C C

?

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Tell him which class you are in . Do you know what he likes? 3)主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however 等。 He didn ' t tell me when we should meet aga他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。 注:宾语从句通常跟在名词或代词后面。 宾语从句--动宾从句 大多数都可以带宾语从句。 部分“ +结构也可以带宾语从句。 动词短语也可以带宾语从句,常见的这些词有: make sure(确保)、make up one ' s min下决心)、keep in mi nd (牢记)可运用it代替的宾语从句 ①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候, 则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。 ②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it ()这主要有: hate,take,owe,have,see.to.award,le nd.ha nd,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,sho w,teach,tell 宾语从句--介宾从句 用whether之类的介词宾语从句。 用that,if引导的宾语从句,有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句。 宾语从句--形容词+宾从句 有些形容词具有动词的含义,所以也可以带一个宾语从句;

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宾语从句(Object Clause) 定义 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句. 时态: 1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。 2.主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。 3.主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时。 一、宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. He told me that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试. 连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗 I don’t know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你该依靠谁. The book will show you what the best CEOs know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗 连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you read the new panel 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗 None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到. 二、动词的宾语从句

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