英文小说翻译过程总结
英译汉翻译心得体会共4篇

英译汉翻译心得体会共4篇英译汉翻译心得体会共4篇英译汉翻译心得体会一:英译汉翻译心得我从正式开始学习翻译到现在,不过两年时间。
作为一个年轻的翻译爱好者,我对翻译这门让人时而绝望时而又充满希望的艺术,有着自己最真实的经历与感悟。
在此想借本文与所有翻译新手共勉。
关于英汉互译的研究著作可谓汗牛充栋,各种派别观点层出不穷,让后来者眼花缭乱,却又无从选择。
其实从英译汉的角度来说,究其本质,过程无非就两个步骤:1、准确理解英文原文;2、用地道的中文表达原文的含义。
如何准确理解英文原文我们先来谈谈第一个步骤,如何准确理解英文原文——这一点说白了就是考验译者的阅读理解能力。
如果说在阅读中遇到不认识的单词或词组,译者尚且能够通过查阅字典的方式解决的话,那么英语中繁复多样的句式往往就不是一本字典可以打发的了。
尤其在阅读文学性较强的英语作品时,作者行云流水般的笔触通常都是借助丰富多变的句型来表现的。
这些英语作品与我们日常教科书本中选取的文章相比,往往来得更为艰深难懂。
怎么办?惟一的办法就是从头做起:1、确保自己在学校中或是培训班上接触到的一切阅读材料都能够完全透彻地理解。
千万不要小瞧学校老师为你选择的阅读教材,或许它们所触及的话题不是非常新鲜前卫,或许它们涵盖的内容与你的兴趣爱好相悖。
但是,它们却能在不经意间为你打下阅读基础的坚实栋梁。
2、在学有余力的基础上,可以选择一些英语课外读物来扩充自己的阅读量。
对具体英语读物的选择其实还是有些讲究的。
比如,有些学生对文学类作品很感兴趣,但并不意味着他们在一开始就该选择那些厚得像砖块一样的原版名著来阅读,因为这样做无异于“自杀”。
究其原因,仅其中的生词就足以使阅读者信心全无。
那么,那些有中英文对照的版本是否能称为上佳之选呢?答案依然为否。
因为这极易激发读者的惰性,尤其对阅读量有限的读者来说更是如此。
对此我的建议是,选择那些名著的缩写本,并且是配有详细注释的版本。
在阅读过程中,读者往往很难定位陌生的词组或表达。
小说节选英文带翻译一千字

小说节选英文带翻译一千字Although Xiang Ling is xue Fu bought the girl, but she does not look down on herself because of her low status. As the saying goes, "Water flows downwards; man struggles upwards." When she saw that all the young ladies in the grand View garden could paint and write poems, she envied her and wanted to learn poetry.When Baochai wanted to take her to the grand View Garden for his company, Xiang Ling laughed and said, "Good girl, take this opportunity to teach me how to write poetry." Baochai laughed at her as a "longwangshu", but this also shows that Xiang Ling is eager to learn poetry.In the Grand View Garden, Xiang Ling was taught by three young poets. The first is Baochai, but Baochai in addition to sarcasm xiangling, did not teach her anything. Baochai thought: I can take you into the grand View garden to give you enough face, but also teach you what poetry! Sometimes Xiang Ling would show Baochai his work, but Baochai would only laugh and say, "This is not good, this is not the way to do it." But she had never taught xiang Linghow to do it.Xiang Ling's second teacher was the young poet Daiyu. Daiyu said, "If you want to write a poem, you will worship me as your teacher. I can teach you in general, though I don't know." Thanks to Daiyu in accordance with their aptitude to teach, coaxing, teaching tireless. Under The patient guidance of Daiyu, Xiang Ling finally wrote a poem in his dream: "An anvil beats thousands of miles of white, and half a round of chickens sing the five more remnants."Xiang Ling's third teacher was the young poet Xiang Yun. When xiang Yun talked with Xiang Ling about poetry, she was full of what she was talking about: the melancholy of Du Department of Works, the elegant of Wei Suzhou, the easiness of Wen Badu and the seclusion of Li Yishan. Baochai was ridiculed as "stay xiangling heart bitter, crazy Xiang cloud words." It's true.It should be said that xiang Ling's three teachers are all talented young poets in the Grand View Garden, and they are the ones who led xiang Ling to the poetry circle of the Grand View Garden. In today's poetry world, there are many teachers like Baochai, but few such as Daiyu and Xiang Yun. What other poets are really tutoringyoung literary scholars like Xiang Ling to learn poetry?One day, Xiang Ling borrowed the Complete Works of Wang Mojie from Daiyu. Back to heng Wu yuan, ignore all matters, only to the lamp read a song. Daiyu never spared anyone who was circled in red. Baochai urged her to sleep several times, but she did not sleep. Baochai saw her so painstakingly, had to let her go.Xiang Ling not only read all the poems requested by Daiyu, but also understood them carefully. She reported to Daiyu: "As far as I can see, the benefits of poetry can not be expressed in words, but they are true to life when I want to express them. Those that seem unreasonable are justified in wanting to go." She also to Wang Mojie's "desert smoke straight, long river falls yen" as an example, said this "straight" word unreasonable, "round" word seems too vulgar. When I close my book, IT's like I saw this. If I asked for two more words for these two, I could not find two more words.On reading the predecessors' famous works, Xiang Ling made full efforts; In the creation, she also actively practice. Daiyu asked Xiang Ling to compose a poem with 14 cold rhymes on the theme of "The Moon". In order to write this poem, Xiangling tea and riceare careless, sitting and lying uneasily. Baochai said: "you were a fool, add this, even more make a fool."After reading Xiang Ling's first novel, Daiyu thought the wording was inelegant and asked her to throw it away and write another one. Hearing this, Xiang Ling came back in silence and did not even enter the house. Instead, he just sat beside the pool under a tree, or sat in a trance on a rock, or squatted on the ground to dig up the soil, to the surprise of people who came and went. Hearing this, Li Wan, Bao Chai, Tanchun and Bao Yu all stood on the hillside from a distance to look at her. Once she frowned, once she smiled to herself. Baochai laughed, "This man must be crazy!"This time, however, Daiyu was still not satisfied. She said, "This one is too rough. We'll have to write another one." So Xiang Ling dug his heart out and searched for courage. One day Tanchun smiled through the window and said, "Miss Ling, do you have something to do?" Xiang Ling replied, "The word 'xian' is deleted at 15. You have the wrong rhyme." Hearing this, the crowd burst out laughing. Baochai way: "can be really poem magic."They scattered, xiang Ling full heart or want to poetry. In theevening, I was preoccupied with the lamp for a while, and went to bed after midnight, my eyes widowed, until the fifth watch before I fell asleep. At dawn, Baochai woke up. After listening, she fell asleep peacefully. She thought to herself, "She has been tossing and turning all night. She is tired, and do not call her." While thinking of this, Xiang Ling laughed and said, "But I have it. Isn't this one good?" Baochai, sighing and laughing, woke her up and asked, "What have you got? You've got the spirit in you. If you can't learn poetry, you'll get sick." Xiang Ling's diligence in learning poetry has reached the point of meng Jiao's "endless night learning xiao, bitter singing ghosts and gods sorrow".Bao Chai said to Bao Yu, "If you could be as diligent as xiang Ling, you can learn nothing."翻译:香菱虽然是薛府买来的丫头,但她并不因自己地位低下而看轻了自己。
《天才少女》英文内容简介心100字带翻译

《天才少女》英文内容简介心100字带翻译【原创版】目录1.引言:介绍《天才少女》的英文版简介及其重要性2.内容简介:概括《天才少女》的主要内容3.翻译:《天才少女》英文版简介的翻译4.结论:总结《天才少女》英文版简介的价值和意义正文【引言】《天才少女》是一部备受关注的小说,它的英文版简介为读者提供了了解该作品的窗口。
在这个简介中,我们可以看到作品的主题、故事背景和主要角色等关键信息。
这对于那些想阅读或研究这部作品的人来说,是非常有帮助的。
【内容简介】《天才少女》讲述了一个名叫林晓的女孩的故事。
她是一个极具天赋的数学家,被认为是世界上最聪明的人之一。
然而,她的成功并非易事,她必须克服种种困难,包括家庭压力、社会期望和对手挑战等。
在这个过程中,林晓逐渐发现自己的潜力,并最终成为一位真正的天才。
【翻译】"The Gifted" is a novel that has attracted widespread attention.The English synopsis provides readers with a window into understanding the work.In this synopsis, we can see key information such as the theme, background, and main characters of the novel.This is very helpful for those who want to read or study the work."The Gifted" tells the story of a girl named Lin Xiao.She isa highly talented mathematician and is considered one of the smartest people in the world.However, her success is not easy.She must overcome various difficulties, including family pressure, social expectations, and challenges from opponents.In this process, Lin Xiao gradually discovers her potential and ultimately becomes a true genius.【结论】总的来说,《天才少女》英文版简介为读者提供了关于这部作品的丰富信息,使他们能够更好地了解和欣赏这部作品。
(完整版)英语翻译技巧英译汉步骤

英语翻译技巧英译汉步骤英语翻译技巧:英译汉步骤英译汉是运用汉语把英语所表达的思想准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动.而英译汉的过程则是正确理解英语原文和创造性地用汉语再现英语原文的过程,在英译汉的过程中,有两点值得我们特别地注意:(1)汉语所要表达的是英语原文的内容, 即句子或文章的意义, 而不是句子结构;(2)在翻译过程中,英语原文的内容要准确而完整地重新表达出来,而不是将两种语言结构进行简单的转换.英译汉的过程包括理解,分析句架表达和校核三个阶段,理解是表达的前提, 若不能正确地理解原文就谈不上确切的表达, 但理解与表达通常是互相联系, 往返反复的过程, 在进行汉语表达的时候,又可以进一步加深对原文的理解,因此, 在英译汉的过程中,往往需要考生从英语到汉语,再从汉语到英语反复的推敲。
一、理解理解阶段的目的在于读懂英语原文,弄清原文的意思。
(1) 通读全文。
通读全文的目的在于从整体上把握整篇文章的内容,理解划线的部分与文章其他部分之间的语法与逻辑关系.一篇好的文章, 其前后的意思都互相关联,具有很强的逻辑性,一个单词或句子只有在具体的上下文中才能体现出确切的含义来, 这就是为什么我们有时看完一本书或一篇文章之后才对上文中的某个难以理解的地方“恍然大悟”.因此,上下文能帮助我们正确的理解划线的部分,通读全文是很重要的。
(2) 分析句子结构.中国的英语学习者往往具有非常好的英语语法知识,在做翻译试题时也应充分发挥和利用这一优势。
在分句子结构时,我们要注意首先把句子的主语、谓语和宾语找出来,这样句子的骨干结构也就清楚了,在分析句子的骨干结构时还应该注意分析句子中成分是否有省略的地方,主句和从句之间的关系是否明确等等。
(3) 理解句子含义。
理解句子的依据除了句子本身之外,还有该句子所处的具体的语言环境。
在此阶段应清楚下列问题: A。
句子中是否含有代词和其他具有指代意义的词,如果有,应根据上下文确定它们指代的内容是什么; B。
英译汉和汉译英翻译实践报告

目录目录 (i)第一部分英译汉 A Red Sweater翻译实践报告 (1)第二部分英译汉参考文献 (5)第三部分汉译英《华威先生》翻译实践报告 (6)第四部分汉译英参考文献 (9)附录 (10)1、英译汉原文A Red Sweater (10)2、英译汉译文《红毛衣》 (17)3、汉译英原文《华威先生》 (24)4、汉译英译文Mr Hua Wei (29)A Red Sweater翻译实践报告A Report on Translation of A Red Sweater摘要: 在华裔美国文学中,小说家伍慧明的这部《红毛衣》深受众多读者的喜爱,作者通过描写一个家庭中两代人不同的经历,展示了在美国社会中,华人是如何努力争取实现自己的梦想。
作者以独特的角度观察和描写两代人的相同与不同之处,展现美籍华人的心路历程。
该报告基于笔者A Red Sweater的翻译实践,旨在通过提出自己在翻译中遇到的困难及该注意的方面,对其翻译中的问题的处理进行了描述,最后得出一些译文的反思与总结,对原文有了更好的理解的同时进一步地提升自己的译文。
关键词:年轻的一代;年老的一代;美籍华人;美国文化Abstract:In Chinese American literature, A Red Sweater written by the novelist Wu Huimin is popular with readers. The translator shows how Chinese strive to realize their dreams in American society by describing the different experiences of two generations in a family. The translator observes and describes the similarities and differences between the two generations from a unique perspective, and shows the psychological course of Chinese Americans. Based on this translation practice, the report aims to describe the solutions in her translation by proposing the difficulties and she encountered and the aspects she should pay attention to. At last, the translator draws some reflections and summaries of her translation, so as to has a better understanding of the original text and further improve his own translation.Key words: The younger generation, the older generation, Chinese Americans, American culture,1.任务的描述本次翻译的实践内容是一篇英译中的短片小说A Red Sweater《红毛衣》,1一共3860个字符。
英文小说翻译批评赏析作文

英文小说翻译批评赏析作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成,希望大家下载以后,能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改,请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料,如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等,如想了解不同资料格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!I recently read a novel called "The Great Gatsby" and I have to say, it was a real page-turner. The author'swriting style is so engaging and the characters are sowell-developed that I felt like I was right there with them, experiencing everything they were going through.The way the author describes the lavish parties and the opulent lifestyle of the characters is just so vivid and immersive. It's like you can almost feel the champagne bubbles tickling your nose and hear the jazz music floating through the air. And yet, beneath all the glitz and glamour, there's this undercurrent of darkness and tragedy thatreally adds depth to the story.One thing that really struck me about the novel is the way it explores the theme of the American Dream and the pursuit of happiness. It's a theme that's as relevant today as it was when the book was first published. The characters in the novel are all chasing after their own versions ofthe American Dream, whether it's wealth, love, or social status, and yet, they all seem to end up feeling empty and disillusioned in the end.The love story in the novel is also incredibly compelling. The way Gatsby pines after Daisy and the tragic way their relationship unfolds is just so heartbreaking. It really makes you think about the nature of love and whether it's possible to recapture the past.Overall, "The Great Gatsby" is a timeless classic that has so much to offer. It's a beautifully written novel with complex characters and thought-provoking themes that will stay with you long after you've finished reading it. If you haven't read it yet, I highly recommend giving it a try.。
浅析《草房子》英文翻译策略
浅析《草房子》英文翻译策略《草房子》是加拿大文学家马克·连恩的代表作之一,该小说曾被译成多种语言,其中包括英文。
小说讲述了一个中国家庭在20世纪50年代的艰辛生活,承载了丰富的文化内涵和社会意义。
本文将从译者的角度分析《草房子》英文翻译的策略,以探究如何在跨文化交流中准确、生动地传递原著的信息。
一、语言翻译策略1. 直译直译是最常见的翻译策略之一,即将原文按照字面意思翻译成目标语言。
在《草房子》的英文翻译中,直译策略主要应用于一些词汇和短语的翻译,例如“草房子”(Grass House)、“胡同”(Hutong)、“酻酒”(Drunkard)等。
这种翻译方式遵循了最基本的语言规则和语义表达,能够准确地传达原文信息。
2. 意译意译指在语言翻译的过程中,将原文的意思转化成目标语言的表达方式。
在《草房子》的英文翻译中,意译策略常常用于对中国文化、传统和风俗的翻译,以免给西方读者造成理解上的障碍。
例如,“开门大吉”(Open the door in to bring good luck),“老天有眼”(Heaven sees all)等。
这种翻译方式通常通过对目标语言文化的理解和对原文表达意图的敏感度来进行,既保留了原有的文化特色,又不失英语的表达风格。
3. 借译借译是指将某些词汇或短语在翻译时,借助目标语言中已有的词汇或短语来翻译。
这种方式常常用于翻译一些具有中国特色、难以翻译的词汇,而基于文化差异,这些词汇在英语中往往没有相应的表达方式。
在《草房子》英文翻译中,借译策略常常应用于对“大妈”(auntie)、“哇塞”(Wow!)等词汇的翻译。
这种翻译方式可以更好地让英语读者理解原文中所传达的信息和文化背景。
文化翻译策略则是基于文化差异的考虑来进行的翻译策略。
这种方式可以使读者更好地理解和接受原文信息。
在《草房子》英文翻译中,文化翻译策略主要体现在以下三个方面:1. 强调中国文化的独特性由于文化差异的存在,原文中有些独特的语言、词汇或表达方式无法通过翻译直接传递。
小说英文翻译
小说英文翻译There was once a beautiful young girl named Lily who lived in a small village by the woods. She had flowing golden hair, sparkling blue eyes, and a radiant smile that brightened up everyone's day. Lily was known for her kind heart and gentle nature, and she was adored by everyone in the village.One day, as Lily was walking through the woods, she stumbled upon a magical cave hidden behind a waterfall. Curiosity got the best of her, and she decided to venture inside. To her amazement, the cave was filled with shimmering crystals and glowing stones that illuminated the entire cavern.Lily cautiously approached a magnificent crystal embedded deep within the cave. As she touched it, a mysterious voice echoed through the cavern, saying, "Young Lily, I am the guardian of these crystals. Wield their power wisely, for they possess the ability to grant any wish you desire."Lily couldn't believe her ears. She had always dreamed of having the power to change the world and make it a better place. With a determined look in her eyes, she made her wish. "I wish for peace and happiness to fill the hearts of everyone in my village, and for the forest to flourish with life once again."In an instant, the crystals released a bright light, and Lily found herself back at the entrance of the cave. Little did she know that her wish had been granted, and her village was transformed overnight. The once desolate forest was now teeming with life, and smiles replaced frowns on every villager's face.As news of Lily's wish spread throughout the village, people began to come to her for advice and help. She became a beacon of hope and positivity, always ready to assist those in need. Whether it was fixing broken fences or comforting someone in despair, Lily was there with her warm heart and kind words.Years passed, and Lily's fame grew far beyond her village. Her story inspired people from all corners of the world to strive for a better tomorrow. Many traveled to the small village to catch a glimpse of the girl who had brought so much joy and happiness to their lives.Despite her newfound fame, Lily remained humble and never let the attention get to her head. She continued to devote herself to helping others and using the power of the crystals to spread love and compassion wherever she went.Lily's story is a reminder to us all that each one of us has the power to make a difference in the world. It is not the size of the act, but the intention behind it that truly matters. So let us all be like Lily and strive to bring peace and happiness to those around us.。
英语翻译实习心得体会
英语翻译实习心得体会英语翻译实习心得体会1此次翻译实习中,我主要负责翻译的是小说Ifonlytonight里面第四章和第五章的四页内容。
通过这次的翻译实习,我领会到了两点,一是融会贯通的重要性,二是合作的重要性。
首先,翻译是一种语言活动,有是该活动的结果,它是融理论、技能、艺术于一体的语言实践活动。
然而翻译是一项非常艰苦和细致的工作,要做好翻译要求个人的素质非常高,作好专业资料的翻译,需要有外语、母语和专业方面的雄厚的功底,还要有缜密的思维习惯,当然,这是我们这些接触翻译不久的同学来说难度挺大的,但是我们仍能从中收获颇丰。
翻译质量有两个基本标准:第一个标准是符合原文的本来意思,就是要忠实原文,既不能随意增加原文中没有的意思,不能添枝加叶,也不能缺斤短两,随意删减,既要透过字面意思揭示出的本意,又要避免东拉西扯,脱离正题。
这也就是我们所说的“信”;第二个标准是符合中文的表达习惯,也就是所谓的“达”,句子要通顺流畅,不能生造词语和句子,也就是所谓的文笔。
应保证任何业内人士都能够看懂,不能象有的人翻出来后连自己都看不懂。
在此次翻译实习中我们也是领悟到了这点的重要性,大家翻译完后集中在一起,大家互相阅读,找出翻译不通顺或有错误的地方,大家再一起研究、讨论,最终完成整片文章的翻译。
一、翻译中遇见的错误1、脱离上下文,理解错误在汉译英的.时候,由于对篇章内容的整体性没有给予足够的重视,脱离上下文,把这些句子孤立成单个部分来看,导致所翻译的句子与原文所表达的意思有很大的差别。
2、逐字翻译翻译时,通过谷歌或者百度在线查阅一些不懂的字词翻译,把汉语对应的英语词汇搬出来,而没有用英语将原文的真意确实、生动地表达出来。
3、受制于原文词序及原文词量,译句呆板由于英汉两种语言在表达上的差异,句子成分以及词序的排列经常是不同的,如果要翻译成比较流畅合乎汉语表达规范的句子,需要把句子在前后次序上加以调整,有些句子则需要增词或减词以符合文章的原意。
救赎翻译英文小说高中作文
救赎翻译英文小说高中作文英文:Redemption is a concept that has been explored in literature for centuries. It is the idea that one can be saved or forgiven for their past mistakes or sins. In literature, this often takes the form of a character who has done something wrong and spends the rest of the story trying to make up for it.One example of redemption in literature is the character of Jean Valjean in Les Misérables. At the beginning of the novel, Valjean is a convict who has just been released from prison. He is bitter and angry at the world, and his past mistakes have left him with a criminal record that makes it impossible for him to find work or lead a normal life. However, after a chance encounter with a bishop who shows him kindness and forgiveness, Valjean decides to turn his life around. He changes his name, becomes a successful businessman, and spends the rest ofthe novel trying to help others and make up for his past mistakes.Another example of redemption in literature is the character of Amir in The Kite Runner. Amir is a young boy growing up in Afghanistan who betrays his best friend and servant, Hassan. As he grows older, Amir is haunted by his past actions and spends the rest of the novel trying to make up for them. He returns to Afghanistan and rescues Hassan's son, Sohrab, from the Taliban, risking his own life to do so.In both of these examples, redemption is achieved through acts of kindness and selflessness. The characters are able to make up for their past mistakes by helping others and putting the needs of others before their own.中文:救赎是一个在文学中被探讨了数百年的概念。
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英文小说翻译过程总结【摘要】本文通过运用所学的关于翻译过程的理论,以及借用阐释哲学的观点,选取了一些典型例子,对选文的翻译过程进行了探讨,包括对各语言单位的处理以及英汉两种语言文化的处理。
【关键词】乡土文学;视域融合;增词;意译这段文章节选自美国乡土女作家萨拉·奥恩·朱厄特的最杰出的小说《尖尖的枞树之乡》的第二十章。
萨拉(1849—1909)生活于19世纪末20世纪初的美国新英格兰地区。
当时美国刚从内战中恢复过来,正忙于向西部扩张,同时也正全力发展其工业,旧的生活方式和生产方式正逐步地被入侵,慢慢地走向消亡。
萨拉由于从小跟随行医的父亲到处行走,逐渐培养起了对大自然的喜爱。
她用女性细腻的笔触描写了美国工业化进程中那些边缘人群的生活,带有浓厚的乡土文学色彩。
时代在不断地变化,但是那些老的人和事却依然让人感动。
本文背景设置在缅因州。
缅因州位于著名风景区新英格兰,南临浩瀚的大西洋,西接新罕布什尔州,向东是加拿大的纽布伦斯维克省,风景优美,作家三毛曾在书中提过,如果要选一个理想家园,她会挑缅因州,因为那里如烟雨江南。
优越的地理环境使得那里现代的捕虾业非常发达。
要翻译这段文章,首先要读懂它,理解作者的思想。
初读这段文章,觉得很难读懂,原因有三,首先,缺乏文章背景知识,文中记述的事情发生在19世纪末的一个渔村码头,时隔一个多世纪,当时当地的环境如何,现在很难想象,而且,对渔民的生活也不清楚,读起来费解,翻译起来也是很难把握;其次,是对于文章结构的费解,由于文章是节选的小说中的一章,人物不熟悉,而且本文没有一般小说的扣人心弦的情节,只有一些描写和对话,感觉很散漫,很难揣作者的写作意图。
最后,本本主要又作者与另一主人公之间的对话组成,但主人公的讲话也很零散,而且方言很严重,思想和语言都很难判断。
因此,要想完成翻译的任务,更是觉得很难。
于是,在网上查阅了作者以及事件发生地点缅因州的相关信息,才对文章背景有一定的了解。
作者是乡土作家,生活在美国工业化蓬勃发展的时代。
缅因州由于靠近大西洋,捕鱼的历史也是由来已久。
这也与本段文章一开始时,作者在海岸边上看到的一幕非常吻合。
从维基百科上了解到作者的写作风格,她认为自己写作小说方面真正看重的不是情节的描写,而是关注人物性格的刻画。
这也让我知道,为什么这篇文章看起来觉得很散漫,没有主线。
其实仔细一想,文章是有主线的,只是隐含起来了,那就是以利亚对自己妻子深深的思念。
也是通过和他的对话,人物的形象更加丰满。
通过作者细腻的笔触,像是自己也融入了作者也以利亚对话的过程。
用心去感受以利亚这个人物,就觉得理解起来不再是那么难了。
在翻译此段文章的过程中,笔者首先把文章通读了一遍,感觉很难懂,后来查阅了资料,对文章的背景还有作者的相关信息有了一定的了解,对文章的理解也加深了一些。
翻译不仅是语言间的转换,它首先需要作者与译者通过原文文本进行地对话,以及两者视域的融合,这是翻译的第一步,即理解。
通过反复地阅读这篇文章,以及查阅相关资料,笔者认为对文章主旨以及作者思想情感都有了一定的把握,在一定程度上达到了“我”与作者间的视域融合,于是开始翻译,后来进行修改,最后定稿。
一、翻译过程技巧探析翻译要想译得精彩,自然要在表达上下工夫。
由于英汉两种语言差异巨大,因此在翻译过程中需要借用各种翻译技巧、方法、策略,如增词,减次,直译,意译,归化,异化等。
按照文章的顺序,我选取了一些典型的例子。
(一)增词技巧采用增词技巧的,我选了下面三个例子。
例一选自作者描述那几个老渔夫亲密伙伴关系描述的那一段。
例一, they helped to clean the fish or to sliver porgies for the trawls。
字面翻译为:他们帮助洗鱼或是为网把棘鬣鱼弄成薄片。
我的译文:互相帮助清洗捕回的鱼或是把棘鬣鱼弄成薄片以作撒网的诱饵如果按照字面翻译,则意思不明确,为了与前文连贯,并将意思表达清楚,我增加了“捕回的”和“以作诱饵”,因为这些都不言自明,增译之后,意思更加清晰明了,也不会显得赘述。
例二,but their true dwelling places were the sea, and the stony beach that edged its familiar shore, and the fish-houses译文:然而,他们真正的住处却是大海,是熟悉的海岸旁多石的沙滩,是渔船。
在翻译此句时,我在后边并列的宾语前面增加了谓语“是”,形成排比,符合文学语言,也传达了老渔夫们长年累月的打渔生活情景。
(二)长句的处理英语重形合,通常使用连词,从句,动词名词化等手段,使得一个句子表达丰富的意思,因此,英语中有很多长句。
而汉语重意合,短句居多,常使用动词,连词使用不如英语那么频繁。
因此,在做长句的英译汉时,通常要使用几种技巧和策略。
本文也不例外。
例一,one day as i went along the shore beyond the old wharves and the newer, high-stepped fabric of the steamer landing, i saw that all the boats were beached, and the slack water period of the early afternoon prevailed.译文:一天午后,我来到海滨散歩,往远望去,古老的码头和新建的抬高了的轮船码头静静地躺卧在那里,所有的船只都回港了,此时,午后的平潮也到来了。
本句为选文的第一句,作者描述了时间,地点等背景信息。
最初翻译时,拘于字面顺序和意思,感觉很不通顺,于是跳出牢笼,把自己置身于作者当时的情景,将信息进行整合,从本句最后一点知道,当时是午后,所以,将时间定为“一天午后”,把周围的一切事物都当作是作者看到的场景,视野也是在岸上和海上进行转换。
根据汉语叙事的顺序,时间,地点,背景等翻译出来。
(三)直译与意译由于英汉两种语言语法的差异,翻译时通常需要意译,才能清楚表达意思,才能让人不觉得语言拗口难懂。
对于直译与意译方法的使用,我选取了两个例子。
例一是描述老渔夫生命力状况的句子。
例一,when death claimed them it could only be with the aid, not of any slender modern dart, but the good serviceable harpoon of a seventeenth century woodcut.译文:死神来临时,它只需用一把好用的十七世纪的木质鱼叉就能轻易夺去他们的生命,丝毫无需任何现代的细长标枪。
此句采用了意译的手法,首先将死神来夺命委婉化,译为死神来临;同时将介词短语动词化,译为“只需用”;最后,增译了“轻易”,因为很明显此句的意思就是要表达老渔夫生命力的脆弱。
(四)需联系上下文翻译的句子翻译实际上是“译意”,而意义并非单一或是固定不变的,而是存在于具体的语境中的,因此,翻译时要联系上下文的语境进行翻译,脱离语境,则有可能出错误。
例,”no, there ain’t a better hearted woman in the state o’ maine. i’ve known her from a girl. she’s had the best o’ mothers.译文:“是的,缅因州再也没有比她更好心的人了。
我是从一个女孩那里知道她的。
她有母亲应具备的所有优点。
”如按照字面翻译,很可能将“no”译为“不”,因为蒂利先生只是进行一般的提问,”you find almiry todd one o’the best o’women?”,并没有用反义疑问句提问。
但是,联系下文,我们可以明白“i”认为almiry 是属于最好的女人之列的,因为蒂利先生要给她送鱼,可见对她是认可的,所以,此处的“no”应该翻译为“是的”。
(五)文学想象翻译过程是与原作者进行视域融合的过程,译者应当想原作者所想,应当充分发挥自己的想象,将自己置身于作者所处的环境,换位思考。
没有做到这点,翻译就可能偏离作者的原意。
因此,翻译需要想象,文学翻译更是如此。
例如:i could hear the tinkle-tankle of a cow-bell somewhere among the spruces by which the pasture was being walked over and forested from every side;译文:我能够听到云杉中奶牛的铃铛发出叮叮当当的声音,似乎看到了奶牛在牧场中徘徊,牧场的每边都栽上了树。
此句中,“i”是听到“somewhere”传来的奶牛的铃铛声,所以奶牛在草地上行走应该是作者通过声音想象出来的,所以增译了“似乎看到”,将当时的情景描述得更加真切了。
二、修改过程翻译完后,在修改的过程中,发现了很多译得不够通顺的地方以及错误之处,有些是因为翻译时理解不到位引起的,有些是因为翻译时,只专注于本句的翻译,而忽视了上下之间的联系引起的。
另外一种情况是,由于理解不到位,初译过程中有些句子不知如何翻译恰当,在改译时,理解更深入了,所以也就知道如何翻译了。
还有,修改过程中,有的也加上一些语气词,使文章更为连贯,或是去掉一些太生硬的翻译。
因此,修改是继理解和表达后,必不可少的一个过程。
三、需进一步斟酌的地方虽然基本上理解作者的思想,也把文章反复看了多篇,但是还是有些地方不会翻译。
例如:文中对于蒂利妻子最爱的茶具的描写很难翻译。
例一:its conventionalities lacked the simple perfection of the humbler room and failed on the side of poor ambition;译文:布局也不如那个更低一级的房间看起来简洁完美,气势上缺乏那种卑微的抱负;这句话中使用了很多抽象名词,又是描述房间的,难以读懂,勉强翻译的,因此译文可能不对。
四、结语以上是本段选文翻译的整个过程,在此过程中,依照了翻译活动展开的顺序依次进行,理解——表达——修改——校正,运用阐释哲学的视域融合观点意义观,努力达到原作者与译者之间的视域融合,深入沟通理解,这些是为了更加准确地翻译。
虽然尽力去做了,但是还是有些地方不会翻译,或是不尽人意,一方面是由于不明白作者的意思,理解能力有限,另一方面是由于背景知识的缺乏。
可见,翻译对译者的要求很高。
要在平时不断积累,勤于学习理论,多多实践,翻译的能力才能不断提升。
【参考文献】[1]许均.翻译概论[m].北京:外语教育与研究出版社,2010.[2]吕均等.英汉翻译教程[m].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2005.。