Position Paper on Topic 4 from Russian Federation
中国代表团团长卞志刚在联合国外空委科技小组委员会第48届会议上的一般性发言
中国代表团团长卞志刚在联合国外空委科技小组委员会第48届会议上的一般性发言Statement by Mr. BIAN Zhigang, Head of the Chinese Delegation, at the 48th Session of the Scientific and T echnical Subcommittee of COPUOS尊敬的主席先生:Chairperson,我首先祝贺您担任本届会议主席,并预祝会议在您的主持下取得圆满成功。
First of all, congratulations on your election as chairman of the STSC and wish the session every success under your guidance.中国一贯坚定不移的走和平发展道路,主张外层空间是全人类的共同财富,支持和平利用外层空间的各种活动,积极探索和利用外层空间。
China steadfastly pursues peaceful development, views outer space as the province of humanity, supports activities in the peaceful use of outer space, and actively explores and uses outer space.2010年,中国在空间技术、空间应用、空间科学方面取得了可喜的进展,并在航天领域开展了广泛而深入的国际合作。
下面,我向全会报告2010年中国航天活动所取得的进展。
In 2010, we in China have made gratifying progress in space technology, applications and science, and carried out extensive and in-depth international cooperation in the space area. Now I'd like to inform the STSC of progress made in China's space activities in 2010.一、空间技术I.space technology2010年,中国长征系列运载火箭进行了15次发射,发射了包括“风云三号”极轨气象卫星、北斗系列导航定位卫星、通信广播卫星、实践系列空间环境探测卫星以及“嫦娥二号”月球探测卫星在内的20颗卫星。
俄罗斯立场文件
School: Wulian Experimental SchoolCountry: Russian FederationCommittee: The Economic and Social CouncilIssue: Increasing Access to Information
Delegates: Hanyu Zheng fei Yi
With the development of information technologyin human life, society's demands for communicationare increasing rapidly. The 21st century is aninformation age. Today it has become the essentialway to achieve information. There are many channelsto get information, but how to increase the channelsof information, which needs further consideration. Access to Information is that communicate withpeople or look up books, listen to the radio orwatch TV, use the Internet through a variety ofinformation or notice information. Nearly a hundredyear, the Earth information change quickly, fromsmoke signals, IP Messenger, and now the Internet,smart phone, watch that can call. We gradually realize the importance ofinformation. So we consider the future developmentof information and define the objective of theefforts. It is the only way to make our lives moreand more progress, make science and technology moreand more developed, make more and more prosperousmarket. Network communication has become aconvenient way for our country. In 2008, the United Nation and Yahoo joinhands to carry out an innovative cooperation inorder to promote the development of informationtechnology for Increasing access to AIDSinformation. This partnership not only to deal withthe problem of AIDS, but also to gain a wealth ofexperience and technology. So that more people knowAIDS information. The partnership strengthenspeople's awareness of AIDS, but also help people toincrease access to information. Let more people knowabout AIDS and attention that. In the same year, the United Nations AIDSProgramme (UNAIDS) released global AIDS epidemicsituation report on July 29th 2008 shows that theworld has made important progress in the field ofAIDS prevention and treatment. According to the report in some countries whichare badly affected by HIV/AIDS, such as Rwanda andZimbabwe in Africa, thenumber of newly infections isfalling. From 2005 to 2007, the proportion of HIVinfected pregnant women receiving medical treatmentto prevent the spread of the virus to the baby inthe body rose from 14% to 33 %.(Part from baidu) These two data show that the spread of HIV/AIDShas aroused the attention of the people. The UnitedNations effort was not in vain. With the power ofscience, people around the world now understand thatAIDS is a threat to us in a fastest speed. And alsolet more people pay a lot attention to it.Science and technology have saved the lives of tensof thousands of people! UNAIDS executive director Peter Piot said thatthis year's report of the global AIDS epidemicsituation is the best one from the beginning when itis released. Russia is a vast and developed country. Thedevelopment of more information is theresponsibility and obligation of the Russiangovernment. The global status of information technologyindustry in Russia has risen gradually. In nearly adecade, Russia's information technology industry hasincreased more than ten times. In 2012, the scale ofRussia’s IT market reached a record high levelof 716000000 ruble (716000000 Russian ruble =74851551.3925 RMB yuan). The contribution rate of IT market to GDP is11%.This data broke the record. It is the pride ofRussia, and also the pride of the world. Wehope thatall countries work together, to broaden the channelsof information, let the future of informationtechnology step into a higher level! Hope othercountries will help Russia, and point outit’s insufficient. Strive for IT technology spreadto every household and aid difficult countries.We hope that other countries and us can jointogether to increase access to information. To planinformation technology, to improve the current levelof scientific and technical information, as well asassistance to other countries in need. At the sametime, we also hope that Russia's informationtechnology will lead the world toward a new market.Russia believes that, with the support of theinternational community, with the active cooperationof the world, we can well find out the developmentof information channels. So that we can helpundeveloped countries in difficulty, but also topromote friendly with other countries.We express our heart-full thanks to The Economicand Social Council and other States. With yoursupport, Russia believe that the world will becomemore peaceful because of science and technology.
车臣战争(英文版本)
The 1st War of Chechnya
In 1994,the Russia troops march into the Republic of Ingushetla to against Georigia.while thinking about Russia might strike themvirtually,the Republic of Chechnya started to attacked Russia troops.
The 2nd War of Chechnya
In 1998,the troops of Chechnya invaded into the Republic of Dagestan.
Chechnya
Dagestan
The 2nd War of Chechnya
Date: Battle phase:Augest,1999——May,2000; Insurgency phase:June,2000——April,2009 Location: Chechnya
The 1st War of Chechnya
Date:December 1994——Augest 1996 Location:Chechnya and part of Ingushetia,Russia Troops:70500(Russia);16500(Chechnya) Results:Cease fire Khasav-Yurt Accord Chechnya got victory politically. Withdrawal of Russian federal troops from Chechnya Continuation of Chechnya's independence, Remaining a part of the Russiannce
外事笔译
• 外事翻译的定义 外事翻译就是外事话语（discourse of foreign affairs)的翻译。具体而言，就是把一种语言在 某一外事话语中表达的意义用另一种语言中符 合外事活动话语规范的语言表达出来，使译文 能够在听者或读者中产生与源语外事话语在源 语听者或读者中产生的相同效果。
• 外事翻译的特点 外事翻译的内容主要是在各种外交、外事场合上口头和书 面的讲话和文件。在外事场合，口、笔译往往同时使用。 比如建交谈判、关于国际公约的谈判，都要求译员既能 口译，又能将所谈的内容和结果落实到文字上，成为公 报、公约、条约、备录、协议等。有时是先口译，然后 产生文件。有时则在讲话、演讲前将稿件译好，再到现 场作口译。
• 联合公报：是政党之间、国家之间或政府之间就某些重 大事项或问题经过会谈、协商取得一致意见或达成谅解 后，双方联合签署发布的文件。 • 新闻公报：是以新闻的形式将重大事件向国内外公布的 文件。与新闻相似，新闻公报在语义组织上遵循新闻写 作中的“首重原则”，即将最主要的信息在文本的开头 就呈现出来，然后按信息的重要程度依次组织文本。 • 联合新闻公报：既具有联合公报的正式性和信息性，也 具有新闻公报的时效性和新闻性。
• 第三，就翻译处理方式而言，外事翻译可分为全译、节 译、摘译、编译和译述等类别。
•
本课程以外事笔译为主体教学内容，主要包括各类外事文书。外事文书分类如下：
外交文书：国家间、政府间、外交部和驻外外交代表机关在外交活动 中形成的书面文件。（公报、声明、宣言、白皮书等）
对外文书：国家机关、地方政府、军队、人民团体及其领导人和官员 在外事活动中形成的书面文件。（外事活动中的领导人发言稿、涉 外合同等） 对外交往文书：对外交往中为处理一系列事务性和日常性工作而制作 和使用的文书。（照会、备忘录、邀请信和请柬、对外函件外事访 问日程表、涉外名片等） 涉外礼仪文书：以信函和电子邮件方式传递信息、互通情况及交流感 情的涉外文书。（祝贺函电、感谢函电、慰问函电、吊唁函电等） 涉外旅行文书：涉外旅行管理机构和出国人员在办理出入世界各国过 境手续过程中制作和使用的一系列专用文书。（护照、签证与签证 申请表、黄皮书、入境表与出境表、海关申报表等）
俄罗斯的英文单词
俄罗斯的英文单词俄罗斯联邦(俄语：Российская Федерация，英语：The Russian Federation)，通称俄罗斯或俄国(Russia)，是由22个自治共和国、46个州、9个边疆区、4个自治区、1个自治州、3个联邦直辖市组成的联邦共和立宪制国家。
那么，你知道俄罗斯的英语单词怎么说吗?俄罗斯的英文释义：Russia俄罗斯的英文例句：俄罗斯是被包藏在一个闷胡芦里面的神秘物体之中的谜。
Russia is a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma.俄罗斯周四加入五个西方主要国家的行列，同声呼吁南斯拉夫尊重民主规范，并警告贝尔格勒当局不要在塞尔维亚及蒙地内哥罗境内进行政治迫害。
Russia joined five leading Western powers on Thursday in calling on Yugoslavia to respect democratic norms and warning Belgrade to refrain from political violence in Serbia or against Montenegro.中国、俄罗斯和美国都知道它们在世界事务中所起的作用。
China, Russia and the United States are aware of the role they play in world affairs.俄罗斯说，它认为这一系统会妨碍俄罗斯的核威慑力量。
Russia says it believes the system could blunt its own nucleardeterrent.俄罗斯的英文单词有关方面已邀请俄罗斯参与，但俄罗斯尚未涉入这一项目。
Russia has been invited to join the project but has yet to do so.普金最不看重的格鲁吉亚已被迫接受了俄罗斯天然气的价格，这个价格要比给白俄罗斯的最新价格高出2倍多。
英语专业写作王星主编unit4expository_essays作文解析
• Argumentation: to convince; try to make the readers agree on its point of view and support it. And they usually emphasize their opinion using such expression as “believe”, “should” etc.
Topics of expository writing
• 2012年专四作文真题：The Dragon Boat Festival • 2008年专四作文真题：The Benefits of Volunteering • 2003年专四作文真题：The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood • 2002年专四作文真题：The Best Way to Stay Healthy
3. Comparison and Contrast ★ A comparison explains how things are similar, and a contrast, how they are different. ★ Only items of the same general class can be compared / contrasted. eg. There is no sense in comparing a computer with an apple. It is reasonable to compare computer with human brain. ★ A comparison/contrast essay usually follows one of the two patterns: subject-by-subject pattern or point-by-point pattern. In subject-by-subject pattern, the writer discusses the various points of one subject before going on to the other. In point-by-point pattern, the writer discussed both subjects under each of the various points.
俄语作文万能句式专四模板
俄语作文万能句式专四模板英文回答：1. Introductory sentence。
In the present work, we will explore the issue of... This essay will examine the multifaceted nature of... The topic of this investigation is...2. Stating the thesis statement。
It is argued that...This paper seeks to demonstrate that...The main thesis of this essay is that...3. Supporting claims。
One of the key arguments supporting this thesis is that...Furthermore, it is important to consider that...In addition, research has shown that...4. Counterarguments and rebuttals。
While it is acknowledged that some may argue that..., it is important to note that...Although this argument may have some validity, it fails to take into account...One potential objection to this claim is that... However, this objection can be refuted by...5. Transition phrases。
Moving on to the next point, it is important tohighlight...In contrast, it is worth considering...Building upon this, we can further explore...6. Conclusion。
乌克兰代表发言稿英文
乌克兰代表发言稿英文Distinguished delegates,It is an honor for me to stand before you today as the representative of Ukraine. I would like to extend my gratitude to the United Nations for providing us with this platform to address the pressing issues that face our nation and the international community at large.Ukraine has been at the center of global attention in recent years, due to the ongoing conflict in the east of our nation. The situation in Donbass has caused immense suffering for our people, leading to a humanitarian crisis and significant loss of life. It is important to note that this crisis is not an internal matter confined to Ukraine; it has serious implications for regional and international stability.The conflict in Donbass is a direct result of the illegal annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014, which violated international law and the rights of the Ukrainian people. Since then, Ukraine has been subjected to a sustained campaign of aggression, with Russian-backed separatists receiving military support from Moscow. This has resulted in thousands of deaths, the displacement of millions, and the destruction of critical infrastructure.The Ukrainian government has consistently shown its commitment to a peaceful resolution of the conflict and has been engaged in diplomatic negotiations through the Normandy Format and the Minsk agreements. However, the implementation of these agreements has been slow and fraught with challenges. Russia must be held accountable for its actions and must fulfill its obligations under international law and the Minsk agreements.There are three fundamental principles that guide Ukraine's position on the conflict in Donbass. First and foremost, we demand the full restoration of Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity. This includes the withdrawal of all foreign forces from Ukrainian territory and the complete disarmament of illegal armed groups. The presence of foreign troops and armed groups in our country is a clear violation of our sovereignty and a threat to regional security.Secondly, we call for the respect of human rights and the protection of civilians in the conflict-affected areas. The indiscriminate shelling of civilian areas, the targeting of critical infrastructure, and the restriction of humanitarian assistance must end immediately. Ukraine is committed to providing humanitarian aid to those in need, but we need the support and cooperation of the international community to do so effectively.Lastly, we emphasize the importance of accountability for crimes committed during the conflict. Ukraine supports the establishment of an international tribunal to investigate and prosecute those responsible for war crimes and human rights abuses. The impunity enjoyed by perpetrators of these crimes undermines the prospects for a lasting peace and fosters a culture of violence and lawlessness.In addition to the conflict in Donbass, Ukraine faces significant challenges in the areas of democracy, governance, and economic development. The fight against corruption remains a top priority for our government, as we recognize that corruption undermines the rule of law, erodes public trust, and hinders economic growth. We are committed to implementing comprehensive reforms that promote transparency, accountability, and the rule of law. Furthermore, Ukraine is actively working towards European integration and strengthening ties with our Western partners. We believe that closer cooperation with the European Union and NATO will contribute to Ukraine's security, stability, and economic development. We are committed to implementing the necessary reforms to meet the standards and requirements of these institutions.In conclusion, Ukraine remains committed to finding a peaceful and lasting solution to the conflict in Donbass. We call on the international community to stand with us in our pursuit of justice, peace, and stability. We urge the United Nations and its member states to support our efforts to restore Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity, to protect the rights of our citizens, and to hold accountable those responsible for the crimes committed during the conflict. Together, we can build a better future for Ukraine and promote peace and security in the region.Thank you.。
关于加强北极国际科学合作的协议（中英文）
关于加强北极国际科学合作的协议（中英⽂）AGREEMENT ON ENHANCING INTERNATIONAL ARCTIC SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION编者简介：2017年5⽉11⽇，在阿拉斯加费尔班克斯举办的第⼗届北极理事会部长级会议上，美国、加拿⼤、丹麦、芬兰、冰岛、挪威和俄罗斯签署了《加强北极国际科学合作协定》，⽬标是打破科学研究和探索的障碍，积极促进北极科学合作。
该协定是北极理事会加强科学合作⼯作组三年来的⼯作成果。
May 11, 2017, United States, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, United States, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Russia signed the Agreement on Strengthening International Scientific Cooperation in the Arctic, with the aim of breaking down barriers to scientific research and exploration in addition to actively promoting scientific cooperation in the Arctic. The agreement is the result of three years of work by the Arctic Council working Group on strengthening Scientific The Government of Canada, the Government of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Government of the Republic of Finland, the Government of Iceland, the Government of the Kingdom of Norway, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Kingdom of Sweden, and the Government of the United States of America (hereinafter referred to as the “Parties”),加拿⼤政府，丹麦王国政府，芬兰共和国政府，冰岛政府，挪威王国政府，俄罗斯联邦政府，瑞典王国政府和美利坚合众国政府（以下简称“缔约⽅”），Recognizing the importance of maintaining peace, stability, and constructive cooperation in the Arctic;认识到在北极维持和平，稳定和建设性合作的重要性;Recognizing the importance of the sustainable use of resources, economic development, human health, and environmental protection;认识到可持续利⽤资源，经济发展，⼈类健康和环境保护的重要性;Reiterating the urgent need for increased actions to mitigate and adapt to climate change;重申迫切需要采取更多⾏动来减缓和适应⽓候变化;Emphasizing the importance of using the best available knowledge for decision-making;强调利⽤现有最佳知识进⾏决策的重要性;Noting the importance of international scientific cooperation in that regard;注意到国际科学合作在这⽅⾯的重要性;Fully taking into account the relevant provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, in particular the provisions in Part XIII on marine scientific research as they relate to promoting and facilitating the development and conduct of marine scientific research for peaceful purposes;充分考虑到1982年“联合国海洋法公约”的有关规定，特别是关于促进和便利为和平⽬的发展和进⾏海洋科学研究的海洋科学研究第⼗三部分的规定;Recalling the Kiruna Declaration on the occasion of the Eighth Ministerial meeting of the Arctic Council held in May 2013 and the Iqaluit Declaration on the occasion of the Ninth Ministerial meeting of the Arctic Council held in April 2015;Recognizing the ongoing development of the International Polar Partnership Initiative as determined by the Executive Council of the World Meteorological Organization;Recognizing the significance of the research priorities as determined by the International Conference on Arctic Research Planning;Recognizing the efforts of the Arctic Council and its subsidiary bodies;回顾2013年5⽉举⾏的北极理事会第⼋次部长级会议上的基律纳宣⾔和2015年4⽉举⾏的北极理事会第九次部长级会议上的伊卡卢伊宣⾔;认识到世界⽓象组织执⾏理事会确定的国际极地伙伴关系倡议的持续发展;认识到国际北极研究规划会议确定的研究重点的重要性;认识到北极理事会及其附属机构的努⼒;Recognizing the significant scientific expertise and invaluable contributions to scientific activities being made by non-Parties and specifically by the Arctic Council Permanent Participants and Arctic Council Observers;Recognizing the substantial benefit gained from the financial and other investments by the Arctic States and other nations in the International Polar Year and its outcomes, including in particular new scientific knowledge, infrastructure and technologies for observation and analysis;认识到⾮缔约⽅，特别是北极理事会常任参与者和北极理事会观察员正在为科学活动提供重要的科学专业知识和宝贵贡献;认识到北极国家和其他国家在国际极地年及其成果⽅⾯的财政和其他投资所带来的实质性利益，特别是新的科学知识，基础设施和观测和分析技术;Recognizing the excellent existing scientific cooperation already under way in many organizations and initiatives, such as the Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks, the International Arctic Science Committee, the University of the Arctic, the Forum of Arctic Research Operators, the International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic, the World Meteorological Organization, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, the Pacific Arctic Group, the Association of Polar Early Career Scientists, indigenous knowledge institutions, the International Arctic Social Sciences Association, and many others; andDesiring to contribute to and build upon existing cooperation and make efforts to develop and expand international Arctic scientific cooperation,认识到许多组织和倡议中已经开展的优秀的现有科学合作，例如北极观测⽹络，国际北极科学委员会，北极⼤学，北极研究运营商论坛，国际陆地研究和监测⽹络在北极，世界⽓象组织，国际海洋考察理事会，太平洋北极群，极地早期职业科学家协会，⼟着知识机构，国际北极社会科学协会等等; 和希望为现有合作作出贡献并加以发展，努⼒发展和扩⼤国际北极科学合作，Have agreed as follows: 同意如下：Article 1 Terms and definitions第1条术语和定义For the purposes of this Agreement: 就本协议⽽⾔：“Facilitate” means pursuing all necessary procedures, including giving timely consideration and making decisions as expeditiously as possible;“Participant” means the Parties’ scientific and technological departments and agencies, research centers, universities and colleges, and contractors, grantees and other partners acting with or on behalf of any Party or Parties, involved in Scientific Activities under this Agreement;“ 促进 ”意味着采取⼀切必要程序，包括尽快及时考虑和作出决定;“参与者” 是指参与本协议下的科学活动的缔约⽅的科技部门和机构，研究中⼼，⼤学和学院，以及代表或代表任何⼀⽅或多⽅⾏事的承包商，受让⼈和其他合作伙伴;“Scientific Activities” means efforts to advance understanding of the Arctic through scientific research, monitoring and assessment. These activities may include, but are not limited to, planning and implementing scientific research projects and programs, expeditions, observations, monitoring initiatives, surveys, modelling, and assessments; training personnel; planning, organizing and executing scientific seminars, symposia, conferences, workshops, and meetings; collecting, processing, analyzing, and sharing scientific data, ideas, results, methods, experiences, and traditional and local knowledge; developing sampling methodologies and protocols; preparing publications; and developing, implementing, and using research support logistics and research infrastructure;“科学活动” 是指通过科学研究，监测和评估促进对北极的了解的努⼒。
欧盟与俄罗斯的能源投资【英文】
Foreign Investments in Russia – Criteria of Federal Importance for Subsoil Parcel
Content of the Presentation
- Russian energy investments regulation - Foreign investments in Russia (landmark events) - EU energy investments regulation (Russian view) - Russian investments in the EU (landmark events)
• located on the land territory of Russia and having extractable reserves of oil of more than 70 million tons or having reserves of natural gas of more than 50 bn cubic meters; • located in the internal waters, territorial sea and continental shelf of Russian Federation; • the use of which is only possible by using the land plots of the so-called “defence-purpose lands”.
Sergey S. Seliverstov, PhD in Law Advisor to the CLO, Electricity System Operator Associate Professor, MGIMO-University
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Committee: United Nations Security Council
Topic 4: Climate Change as a Security Threat
Country: Russian Federation
School: Beijing Concord College of Sino-Canada
I. Abstract
The Russian Federation has ratified the Kyoto Protocols on November the 18th, 2004, which
means the Russian Federation is complying with the international community on the issue of
climate change. Since nations do not agree well on this certain issue and no worldwide possible
solution has been passed yet, further round of climate dialogues and debates conveys their
necessity and importance. As to some certain countries which has not ratified the Kyoto
Protocols, the international community, in particularly the developing world, should impose
deeper and harsher pressure onto them for their substantial commitments to this issue. To avoid
the catastrophes which might be caused by the global warming, research and experiment
regarding this issue should also be supported through more investments and contributions.
II. Brief Summary of Current Situation and UN Action
The huge increasing of temperature is a unanimous fact reflecting the influence of the human
beings’ activity to the planet Earth. As predicted, devastating catastrophes like the rising of the
sea level, unexpected conflagrations, tsunamis and tornados have been stimulated by the global
warming, which is mainly caused by the industrial activities. Having realized the necessity and the
importance of a moderate temperature on the earth, both the UN and the international
community have concentrated on this issue for decades, however, the main community, the
developed and industrialized world, has been evading the responsibility and the obligations of
itself, but looking to the developing world as scapegoat. On the contrary, the developing
countries, which contributed only a few fraction of the carbon emission, have showed more
honesty and responsibility to the world during the past international debates.
III. Russian Federation position and Proposals for Action
The Russian Federation has been involved into the community which has been always devoted
into the reduction of carbon dioxide to impede the global warming, and thinks the following as
what we may explore during the meeting:
i) The Russian Federation urges the UN and the international community to hold further
round of dialogues and debates regarding the global warming. Besides to discover the
commitments of the reduction of the greenhouse gases, further meetings should also
sort out appropriate measures regarding the implements of the reduction. Also, the UN
should be responsible of the monitoring of the implements, and a new committee might
be established if necessary.
ii) Having realized the fact that the true impediment of the global reduction of the
greenhouse gases is the incompliance of most of the developed countries which are
responsible for most fraction of the emission of the carbon dioxide, more pressures
should be imposed onto those nations for the aims of their commitments of reduction
through multilateral dialogues. And new bilateral or multilateral mechanism may help
the implements through nations.
iii) To reduce the devastating consequences of the catastrophes which could be
caused by the global warming, effective international response mechanism is
necessary. Also, practical research and experiments in the field of geography, biology,
climate and finance should be supported by the international community through
investments and contributions of special skilled personnel. The achievements could be
introduced and exchanged on the further meetings and debates mentioned in the first
proposal.