International Trade(2010-2)
InternationalTradePPT教学课件
• Subsidiary company • Cargo insurance • Means of payment • Container • Agent • Home industry • Settlement • Barter • Currency • sterling
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1. What is Adam Smith’s view on smuggling? 2. What’s the main cause of nation’s prosperity? 3. What’s the subject of the first book of The
Wealth of Nations? 4. What does mercantilist believe? 5. What is the primary advantage of the
international trade according to Adam? 6. What role does government play in economic
life according to Adam?
2020/12/09
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PPT精品课件
谢谢观看
Thank You For Watching
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• To persuade argumentative writing/argumentation
– Get readers to do something; buy something – Believe something
2020/12/09
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Key Words
• 资本 • 汇票 • 银行承兑票据 • 关税 • 配额 • 进口税
• To entertain novel/fiction
国际贸易International Trade
Table 1.1 U.S. Merchandise Trade by Industry, 2019, Shares of Total Trade and Production or Use (percentages)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
activities at home.
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Outsourcing on the value-chain
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Another measurement: imported intermediate goods
63% of current GDP in 2019 • The third largest one in the world • Current Export is $969 billion and import is $ 792 billion. • So trade surplus is $177 billion in 2019.
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Table 1.3 Percentage Distributiog Groups, 1985-2019
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
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How to Explain Growing Trade?
1979.
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China’s Trade
• China has increased its penetration into rich countries’ market.
international trade国际贸易
Warming-up Task 1 Work in pairs. Discuss with your partner and match slogans A-H with pictures 1-8. ( ) A. Shift the future. ( ) B. Think Different. ( ) C. Just do it. ( ) D. Ideas for life！ ( ) E. Good to the last drop! ( ) F. Let’s make things better. ( ) G. Enjoy myself on my zone. ( ) H. Fresh-up with Seven-up！
Task 2 Work in pairs. Please tell where you have seen or heard the above slogans. Discuss with your partner and list three places. International Trade Every time we walk into a store, restaurant, theater or any other place of business to buy something, we trade. Basically, international trade does not differ from trade with other people in our country. The key to understanding trade is to remember why it takes place. The reason people trade, regardless of where they live, is that they believe they will be better off by trading. When we consider the alternative—each of us producing everything for ourselves—trade simply makes more sense. The process of importing and exporting creates a greater variety of goods and services because it permits countries to specialize in what they do best. By specializing in the goods it can produce most efficiently, a country can increase production and have the opportunity to make more sales and profits. Profits can turn into increased wages for the work force and additional investment in plants and equipment. The process also provides consumers with more goods at lower prices. The benefits of trade can be explained using the economic principles of absolute and comparative advantage. For example, suppose there are a lawyer and a legal assistant. If it takes the lawyer less time to prepare briefs or to type letters than it does the assistant, in economic language, the lawyer has an “absolute advantage” both in preparing legal briefs and in typing letters. If we stopped here, we might be inclined to say that the lawyer should produce both, because the lawyer is better at both. According to comparative advantage, the lawyer should specialize in his or her strongest skill—the law, and the legal assistant—typing letters. If they do, they actually will produce more than if each of them had tried to do both tasks alone. Specializing in what they do best and then trading their products for the other things they need will make both parties better off.
第二章 国际贸易法律和惯例
2.1 Laws and Practices for International Trade
As we all know, an international Sales Contract is made between parties whose places of business are in different States. To ensure the fulfillment of the contract and to protect the respective rights and obligations of both parties, the regulation of the business by laws or international trade practice applicable are absolutely necessary. They are of the following three kinds:
（5）集装箱码头操作费问题
2010Incterms分类
第一类：适用于任何运输方式： EXW，FCA, CPT, CIP，DAT, DAP，DDP
第二类：仅适用于水上运输（海运和内河运输）
FAS, FOB ，CFR, CIF
按出口方责任由小到大排列
Group E: EXW Group F: FCA, FAS, FOB Group C: CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP Group D: DAT, DAP, DDP
2.2 International Trade Terms
《国际贸易术语解释通则》是当前在国际贸易中使用最广的、影 响力最大的有关国际贸易术语解释通则。究竟什么是国际贸易术语 呢？为什么要使用国际贸易术语？
2010新版国际贸易术语解释通则(中文版)
目录目录 (1)国际贸易术语解释通则（2010） (2)前言 (2)如何运用Incoterms®2010规则 (2)2010年国际贸易术语解释通则(以下简称Incoterms2010)的主要特点 (3)本前言的功能地位 (6)《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》中术语的使用解释 (6)EXW——工厂交货（......指定地点） (7)FCA——货交承运人（......指定地点）. (9)CPT——运费付至（......指定目的港） .. (12)CIP——运费和保险费付至（......指定目的地） .. (15)DAT——终点站交货（......指定目的港或目的地） (18)DAP——目的地交货（......指定目的地）. (21)DDP——完税后交货（......指定目的地）. (23)FAS——船边交货（......指定装运港） (25)FOB——船上交货（......指定装运港）.. (28)CFR——成本加运费付至（......指定目的港）.. (31)CIF——成本，保险加运费付至（......指定目的港） (33)国际贸易术语解释通则（2010）全球化经济赋予商业以空前宽广途径通往世界各地市场。
货物得以在更多的国家、大量且种类愈繁地销售。
然而随着全球贸易数额的增加与贸易复杂性的提升，因销售合同不恰当起草引致误解与高代价争端可能性也提高了。
国际贸易术语解释通则这一用于国内与国际贸易事项的国际商会规则使得全球贸易行为更便捷。
在销售合同中参引国际贸易术语解释通则2010可清晰界定各方义务并降低法律纠纷的风险。
自1936年国际商会创制国际贸易术语以来，这项在全球范围内普遍被接受的合同标准经常更新，以保持与国际贸易发展步调一致。
国际贸易术语解释通则2010版考虑到了全球范围内免税区的扩展，商业交往中电子通讯运用的增多，货物运输中安保问题关注度的提高以及运输实践中的许多变化。
国际贸易术语解释通则2010更新并加强了“交货规则”——规则的总数从13降到11，并为每一规则提供了更为简洁和清晰的解释。
27. International Trade - Trade 国际贸易-贸易
27 International Trade - Trade 国际贸易－贸易balance of trade贸易余额The balance of trade showed a surplus after 1999.贸易余额自一九九九年后呈现顺差。
barriern. 障碍The World Bank works all over the world to lower international trade barriers. 世界银行努力降低世界各地的贸易障碍。
bilateraladj. 双边的The two countries signed an bilateral trade agreement on Tuesday.两国于周二签署了一项双边贸易协议。
boycottv. 抵制The union called on its members to boycott the country's products.该协会呼吁会员抵制该国产品。
dumpingn. 倾销Hynix has often been accused by its rivals of dumping.海力士经常被对手指控倾销。
free trade自由贸易Taiwan is seeking to make free trade agreements with its trading partners.台湾正寻求与贸易伙伴签署自由贸易协议。
Normal Trade Relations正常贸易关系Nearly all US trading partners have Normal Trade Relations status.几乎所有美国的贸易伙伴都拥有「正常贸易关系」待遇。
protectionismn. 保护主义Many citizens support protectionism.许多国民支持保护主义。
trade agreement贸易协议The trade agreement cemented the friendship between the two countries. 这项贸易协议巩固了两国之间的友谊。
第二讲国际贸易分类与统计指标
2、按商品流向划分
出口贸易（Export Trade）：将本国生产或加工的商品运往他国市场销售。一国出口 收入的全部金额为出口总额。
进口贸易（Import Trade）：将外国商品输入本国市场销售。一国进口所支出的全部金 额为进口总额。
2.通讯服务。主要包括：邮电服务；信使服务；电信服务，其中包含 、电报、数据传输、电传、 ；视听服 务，包括收音机及电视广播服务；其他电信服务。
3.建筑服务。主要指工程建筑从设计、选址到施工的整个服务过程。
4.销售服务。指产品销售过程中的服务交换。主要包括：商业销售，主要指批发业务；零售服务；与销售有关的代理 费用及佣金等；特许经营服务；其他销售服务。
形贸易则指发生于国家之间的符合于严格劳务定义的交易活动，即服务贸易。
（1）按商品形态划分-有形商品贸易
初级产品 制成品
根据1974年联合国制定的国际贸易分类标准（Standard International Trade Classification，简称SITC），把有形贸易的商品分为10大类、
63章、233组、786个分组、1942个基本项目。10大类商品为： （0）食品及主要供食用的活动物； （1）饮料及烟类； （2）燃料以外的非食用粗原料；
随着两岸经贸关系的发展，间接贸易方式也不断发生变化。至今已基本实现直接贸易。
转口:早期，货物运输 须在第三地港口重新换
船,再装运对岸
转运:90年代以后,进出口货 物的船只经第三地港口停靠，
不须重新装卸与换船
转单:后来，部分货物船只在 第三地港口办理过境手续，而 不经湾靠直接航行对岸，成 为一种变相的“准直接贸 易”。
1 What Is International Trade
What Is International Trade?International trade is the exchange of goods and services across international borders. In most countries, it represents a significant share of GDP. While international trade has been present throughout much of history, its economic, social, and political importance have been on the rise in recent centuries, mainly because of industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing. In fact, it is probably the increasing prevalence of international trade that is usually meant by the term “globalization”.Traditionally international trade was regulated through bilateral treaties between two nations. For centuries under the belief in Mercantilism most nations had high tariffs and many restrictions on international trade. In the nineteenth century, especially in Britain, a belief in free trade became paramount and this view has dominated thinking among western nations for most of the time since then. In the years since the Second World War multilateral treaties like the GATT and World Trade Organization have attempted to create a globally regulated trade structure.Communist and socialist nations often believe in autarchy, a complete lack of international trade. Fascist and other authoritarian governments have also placed great emphasis on self-sufficiency. No nation can meet all of its people’s needs, however, and every state engages in at least some sort of international trade.Free trade is usually most strongly supported by the most economically powerful nation in the world. The Netherlands and the United Kingdom were both strong advocates of free trade when they were on top; today the United States, the European Union and Japan are its greatest proponents. However, many other countries —including several rapidly developing nations such as India, China and Russia — are also becoming advocates of free trade.Traditionally agricultural interests are usually in favor of free trade while manufacturing sectors often support protectionism. This has changed somewhat in recent years, however. In fact, agricultural lobbies, particularly in the United States, Europe and Japan, are chiefly responsible for particular rules in the majorinternational trade treaties which allow for more protectionist measures in agriculture than for most other goods and services.During recessions there is often strong domestic pressure to increase tariffs to protect domestic industries. This occurred around the world during the Great Depression leading to a collapse in world trade that many believe seriously deepened the depression.The regulation of international trade is done through the World Trade Organization at the global level, and through several other regional arrangements such as MERCOSUR in South America, NAFTA between the United States, Canada and Mexico, and the European Union between twenty-seven independent states. There is also the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), which provides common standards for almost all countries in the American continent.Comprehension questions:1. What is international trade?2. How was international trade traditionally regulated and how is it regulated now?3. What is agricultural interests’ attitude toward free trade?4. When is there often strong domestic pressure to increase tariffs?。
国际贸易名词解释英文及简答论述期末考试复习
《国际贸易》英文名词解释International Trade(国际贸易)International trade is the international exchange of goods and services between countries. This type of trade gives rise to a world economy, in which prices, or supply and demand, affect and are affected by global events.Free Trade（自由贸易）The main idea of free trade is that supply and demand factors, operating on a global scale, will ensure that production happens efficiently. Therefore, nothing needs to protect or promote trade and growth because market forces will do so automatically.Protectionism（贸易保护主义）In contrast, protectionism holds that regulation of international trade is important to ensure that markets function properly. Advocates of this theory believe that market inefficiencies may hamper the benefits of international trade and they aim to guide the market accordingly. Production Possibilities Curve /Frontier(生产可能性曲线/边界)A Production Possibilities Frontier is a graph that shows the various combinations of output that the economy can possibly produce, given the available factors of production and the existing technology . Opportunity Cost(机会成本)Opportunity Cost means whatever must be given up to obtain some item. Supply Curve(供给曲线)A Supply Curve is a graph that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity supplied.Demand Curve (需求曲线)A Demand Curve is a graph that describes the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded.Excess Supply Curve（出口供给曲线）Because Excess Supply is a situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded, Excess Supply Curve can be defined as a graph that depicts the relationship between the price and the available quantity for export of a product. Excess Supply Curve can be derived from subtracting a supply curve with a corresponding demand curve. Excess Demand Curve（进口需求曲线）Because Excess Demand is a situation in which quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied, Excess Demand Curve can be defined as a graph that depicts the relationship between the price and the desirable quantity for import of a product. Excess Demand Curve can be derived from subtracting a demand curve with a corresponding supply curve. Consumer Surplus(消费者剩余)Consumer Surplus means a buyer’s willingness to pay minus the amount the buyer actually pays. Consumer surplus measures the benefit to buyersof participating in a market.Producer Surplus (生产者剩余)Producer Surplus is the amount a seller is paid for a good minus the seller’s cost. Producer surplus measures the benefit to sellers of participating in a market.Economies of Scale(规模经济)Economies of Scale means the property whereby the long-run average cost falls as the quantity of output increases.Diseconomies of Scale(规模不经济)Diseconomies of Scale means the property whereby the long-run average cost rises as the quantity of output increases.Constant Returns to Scale(规模报酬不变)Constant Returns to Scale means the property whereby the long-run average cost stays the same as the quantity of output changes. Indifference Curve(无差异曲线)Indifference Curve is a curve that shows consumption bundles that give the consumer the same level of satisfaction.The Gravity Model(引力模型)In its basic form, the gravity model assumes that only size and distance(经济规模和距离) are important for trade in the following way：Tij = A x Yi x Yj /Dij两国之间的贸易规模与经济规模成正比，与两国之间的距离成反比。
国际贸易
Sep. 2010
By Yuan Wei
Int’l trade classification
Invisible trade
Transactions of service can not be observed and recorded by the customs. It requires a greater level of commitment and sophistication than that required by merchandise trade. There has been explosive growth in service trade in recent decades.
Deals might have to be transacted in foreign languages and under foreign laws, customs and regulations. Foreign currency transactions will be necessary. Numerous culture differences have to be taken into account when trading with other nations.
Sep. 2010 By Yuan Wei
Reasons of int’l trade
Yiwu is the world’s largest sock factory. Factories in the small coastal factory town produce two million socks a day, nine billion pairs in a year -- one third of the world’s socks, and enough to provide at least one pair for every person on the planet. Local people call their town “Sock City.”