直接引语和间接引语语法知识

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高一英语直接引语和间接引语,被动语态,虚拟语气,定语从句语法知识总结和练习

高一英语直接引语和间接引语,被动语态,虚拟语气,定语从句语法知识总结和练习

一.直接引语和间接引语(一)直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语。

间接引语一般构成宾语从句。

直接引语必须放在引号内,间接引语则不用引号。

直接引语改为间接引语时,除将引语部分变成宾语从句外,还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。

1.时态的变化:直接引语变为间接引语时,通常受转述动词said, asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态,即把原来的时态向过去推,也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时,等等。

例如:Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.2.人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化:根据意义进行相应的变化,例如:She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”→She asked Jack where he had been.He said,“These books are mine.”→He said that those books were his.(二)直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用陈述语序,但是因为原句的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。

直接引语如果是一般疑问句,用连接词whether或if;如果是特殊疑问句,则用疑问词引导间接引语。

转述的动词一般用asked,可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。

如:She said,“Is your father at home?”→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.直接引语如果是祈使句,改为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气(即请求或命令)加上ask, tell, order 等动词,如果祈使句为否定式,则在不定式前加not。

英语直接引语和间接引语

英语直接引语和间接引语

英语直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语(Direct Speech and indirect Speech) 1直接引语:直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语。

间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。

间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。

直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号。

例如:Mr Black said, “I'm busy” XXX先生说:“我很忙”(直接引语)Mr Black said that he was XXX.XXX先生说他很忙。

(间接引语)1、直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略),从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。

在这一方面,汉语和英语有许多相似之处,因此,在做直接引语和间接引语转换练时,要特别注意句子的意义。

1)人称的变化a)He said, “I like it very much.”他说:“我非常喜欢它。

”He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。

b) He saidto me, “I've left my book in your room.” 他对我说:“我把书放在你的房间里了。

”He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间里了。

2)时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。

如主句的谓语动词是现在时,从句的时态则无需变化。

时态的变化例句直接引语间接引语一般现在时→一般过去时He said, “I'm afraid I XXX work.”He said that he was XXX.现在进行时→过去进行时He said, “I'm using XXX.”He said that he was using the knife.现在完成时→过去完成时She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”She said that she had not heard from him since May.一般曩昔时→曩昔完成He said, “I came to help you.”He said that he had come to help me.过去完成时不变He said, “I had XXX”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化:变革例句直接引语间接引语this-that这个-那个She said, “Iwill come this morning."She said that she would go that morning.these-those这些=那些He said, "XXX."He said that those books were his.now-then现在-那时He said, "It is nine 0'clock now."He said that it was nine 0'clock then.today-that day本日-那天He said, "I haven't seen her today."XXX.XXX-the day before今天-前一天she said, "I went there XXX."She said that she had gone there the day before.tomorrow-the next(following) day明天-第二天she said, "I'll go there tomorrow."She said that she would go there the next (following) day.here-there这里-那里come-go来-去注:(1)直接引语如果是客观谬误,变成直接引语时,时态稳定。

高中英语语法直接引语和间接引语含练习题

高中英语语法直接引语和间接引语含练习题

高中英语语法直接引语和间接引语含练习题直接引语与间接引语一.基本概念1、直接引语:一字不改地引述别人的话He said,“I am a student.”(带引号)2.间接引语:用说话人自己的话转述别人的话 He said he was a student.二.直接引语变间接引语(一)(人称变换规则同下)1.如果直接引语所在的句中的谓语动词是现在时或将来时态,改为间接引语时,时态不变.Eg.He says “I didn’t go to school today.”He says that he didn’t go to school that day .2.如果直接引语讲述的是客观真理现象,改为间接引语时,其一般现在时不变. Eg.The teacher said ,“The earth is round .”The teacher said that the earth is round .三.直接引语变间接引语(二)1.如果说话时间与引述时间不同,即引述某人过去说过的话,则动词时态要作相应的变化即动词时态一律向过去推移一步.(主句为过去式时)2.变换规则(指的是间接引语中的从句部分)(1)人称的变化 ------ 一随主,二随宾,三不变(2)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化1〉指示代词的变化this---- that these----those2〉时间状语的变化now---- then,ago---- before,today----that day,yesterday----the daybefore,tomorrow----the next day,the day before yesterday----two daysbefore,the day after tomorrow----two days later,nextweek/month,etc.---- the next week/month,/doc/2a17542514.html,stweek/month,etc.---- the week/month before3〉地点状语的变化here----there4〉动词的变化come----go(3)时态的变化1〉一般现在时-------一般过去时2〉现在进行时-------过去进行时3〉现在完成时-------过去完成时4〉一般过去时-------过去完成时5〉过去完成时-------过去完成时6〉一般将来时-------过去将来时四.变换类型1.直接引语为陈述句直接引语为陈述句,用that引导(口语中可以省略).e.g.直接引语:The teacher told the students,“I will give you a surprise.”间接引语:The teacher told the students that she would give them asurprise.2.直接引语为疑问句(1)直接引语为一般疑问句时,由whether或if引导,用陈述句的语序e.g.直接引语:He said to us,“Are you going away today?”间接引语:He asked us whether/if we were going away that day.直接引语为疑问句(2)直接引语为特殊疑问句时,其关联词用相应的疑问代词或疑问副词,其后用陈述语序e.g.直接引语:She asked,“Who will help me finish the job?”间接引语:She asked who would help her finish the job.e.g.直接引语:He asked,“What have you done?”间接引语:He asked what I had done.直接引语为疑问句(3)直接引语为选择疑问句,变为间接引语时应用whether…or…e.g.直接引语:“Do you like tea or coffee?” she asked me.间接引语:She asked me whether I liked tea or coffee.3.直接引语为祈使句直接引语为祈使句,变为间接引语时将祈使句的动词原形变为带to 的不定式.它的否定是在to前加not.它没有时态的变化.其他的变化和直接引语是陈述句的情况相同.e.g.直接引语:I said to her,“Please give me a glass of wa ter.”间接引语:I asked her to give me a glass of water.直接引语:He said,“Don’t make so much noise,boys.”间接引语:He told the boys not to make so much noise.4.直接引语为感叹句直接引语若是感叹句,变为间接引语时多采用宾语从句结构,即可用what或how 引导,也可用that引导e.g.直接引语:“What a clever boy you are!”,my teacher said to him.间接引语:My teacher told him what a clever boy he was.My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy.英语小题集练——直接引语和间接引语1、— Could you tell me ______?—Yes. It’s next to the supermarket.A.where the post office isB.where was the post officeC.where is the post officeD.where the post office was2、My brother said, “I’m watching TV now.”My brother said watching TV .A.he, was, now B.I, was, thenC.I, am, that day D.he, was, then3、—Do you know____________?—It’s about ten minutes’ walk.A.how many minutes do you walk to the nearest hospital B.which is the way to the nearest hospitalC.how long did you reach the nearest hospitalD.how far it is to the nearest hospital from here4、-- Do you know ________ the new computer yesterday? -- Sorry, I have no idea.A.how much did she pay for B.how much will she pay for C.how much she paid for D.how much she will pay for5、Jenny is on holiday now. I wonder ________.A.when she will come back B.when she came backC.when will she come back D.when did she come back6、Would you please tell me ______ this book?A.where you bought B.where did you buyC.where you buy D.where do you buy7、— Could you tell me_____ ?— About half an hour.A.how long it takes to walk to the Science and Technology Museum from schoolB.how long it took to walk to the Science and Technology Museum from schoolC.how far was it to walk to the Science and TechnologyMuseum from schoolD.how far it was to walk to the Science and Technology Museum from school.8、I ______ that he’s a hardw orking teacherA.never doubt B.always doubt C.seldom ask D.often wonder答案1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、直接引语和间接引语专项练习一、把下列的句子变成间接引语:1. “I’m leaving for London next week.” My sister said to me.2. John said, “Mr. Smith has come here.”3. She said, “Do you want me to help you?”4. “Does the man in the shop find his wallet at last?” She said.5. Mum said to the newcomer, “Can you speak English?”6. “How many people are there in your family?” He asked the boy.7. He said to me, “I have left my book in your room.”8. Kitty said “I’ll call again after supper this evening.”9. S he said, “I will come here again tonight.”10. He said, “I arrived yesterday morning.”11. She said , “My sister will be back tomorrow morning.”12. “Who lives next door?” she asked.13. He said , “I have lost my umbrella.”14. Paul said, “I’m trying to get a taxi.”15. “Frank, I came to return you the book,” Henry said.16. He asked me, “Are you a teacher or a student?”二、把下列句子变成直接引语:23. Father asked me who had broken the window.24. She asked me which one I liked the best.25. He asked whether I had watched TV the night before.26. Jim asked me if I was busy that day.27. Pick said that he would take Mary there the next time.三、扩展练习:宾语从句。

直接引语和间接引语用法讲解_句子成分 英语语法.doc

直接引语和间接引语用法讲解_句子成分 英语语法.doc

直接引语和间接引语用法讲解_句子成分一、概述引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法:直接引述别人的原话,这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。

用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语(indirect speech)。

一般地讲,直接引语前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号,而用宾语从句来表达。

Mr. Black said, I’m busy.布菜克先生说:我很忙。

(直接引语)Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。

(宾语从句是间接引语)从上例看来,直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外,还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化,如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。

现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下:二、直接引语是陈述句时直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that 在口语中常省去),that从句之前用say、tell等动词,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。

1、人称的变化直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化,把直接引语中的第一人称(如:I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。

把直接引语中的第二人称(you,your,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。

直接引语中的第三人称(he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their,theirs,them)变为间接引语时,人称不变。

He said , I like it very much. 他说:我非常喜欢它。

He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。

(I改为he, it 不变)He said, You told me this story.他说:你给我讲过这个故事。

初中英语语法大全:直接引语和间接引语

初中英语语法大全:直接引语和间接引语

初中英语语法大全:直接引语和间接引语1定义:直接引语和间接引语:在陈述句中,直接引用说话人原来的语句,称为直接引语。

在书写时,直接引语用引号。

用自己的词语来转述表达原来说话人说的内容,称为间接引语。

2、直接引语改变为间接引语:直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时应注意以下各点:①不用引号,而用连接词that,但有时可省略。

②人称作相应变化;如:She said, “I went to see Mr. Liu yesterday.”她说:“我昨天去看过刘老师了。

”She said that she had gone to see Mr. Liu the day before. 她说那天她去看过刘老师了。

③时态的变化列表如下:但是,要注意下面的情况:直接引语说的是科学真理、格言时,无论主句用何时态,间接引语仍用一般时。

如:The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”老师说:“太阳在东方升起,在西边落下。

”The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.3、直接引语变为间接引语时,指示代词以及表示时间和地点的词或词组应作相应变化记忆方法:直接引语祈使句,变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是:去掉引号要加to;ask order 须记住,直接引语是否定式,not加在to前部。

对于人称变化,要求学生们记住的“顺口溜”是:第一人称看主语,第二人称看宾语,宾语若是不存在,活用代词I, me, my直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是:直接去引号,陈述莫忘掉,小心助动词,丢它最重要。

直接引语为一般疑问句,变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是:去掉引号加if,陈述语序要记住,时态人称和状语,小心变化别马虎。

直接引语为陈述句,变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是:去掉引号加that。

直接引语和间接引语语法讲解

直接引语和间接引语语法讲解

直接引语和间接引语Name ____________ No._________一、直接引语:直接引用别人的原话。

具有以下特点:①直接引语通常置于引号内,不作任何改动。

②没有时态呼应的问题。

③引用原话前可以用逗号“,”,也可以用冒号“:”。

④第二个引号前,亦即用重述的话之末,按其类别放一个句号(.)或问号(?)等。

二、间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的意思,或引用自己说过的话。

间接引语多数用宾语从句来表达。

间接引语具有以下特点:①不要逗号,冒号,引号。

②要考虑人称的变化(人称的变化与汉语是一样的)。

③要考虑时态的变化。

④要考虑时间状语的变化,地点状语的变化和指示代词的变化。

三、直接引语与间接引语的转换。

㈠转述陈述句或感叹句,去冒号和引号连词用that (that,无词意,不作成分,口语中可省))接宾语从句,,从句中要作人称、时态等相应的变化(时态为“主现从实,主过从相过”;人称/物主/反身等代词:引号内的第一人称改为与主句的主语相同的人称;第二人称改为第一人称;第三人称不变。

)。

例如:"You speak English very well." She said.她说,“你英语讲得不错”。

She said that I spoke English very well.她说我英语讲得不错。

㈡转述一般疑问句,去冒号和引号。

连词用if/whether(有词意"是否",不作成分,不可省)接宾语从句,其后改用陈述句语序。

从句中要作人称、时态等相应的变化。

注意:①当助动词为do/does/did时,改为宾语从句时应去掉,而在谓语动词上体现时态,但如为don't/doesn't/didn't时,则不能去掉。

②当连词为if/whether时,其前谓语动词say/says/said →ask/asks/asked,say/says/said to sb→ask/asks/asked sb例如:He said,"do you have a knife?"→He asked if/whether I had a knife.He asked ,"Have you ever been to the Great Wall?"他问,"你去过长城吗?"He asked (me) if /whether I had ever been to the Great Wall?他问我是否去过长城?㈢转述特殊疑问句,去冒号和引号。

英语语法 直接引语与间接引语


特殊疑问句 直接引语变间接引语的结构:
A asked +原句疑问词 She asked when they built that bridge. A asked B +原句疑问词 Mrs. Bill asked him which book he liked best.
祈使句:
改为间接引语后,就成了以不定式短语 形式出现的宾语补足语(动词常是ask/ tell/order/advise/warn /remind等)。 He said to the girl, “Do it at once.” He told the girl to do it at once. Mrs. Hill said, “ please sing at our party, Mary.” Mrs. Hill asked Mary to sing at their party.
英语语法
一字不改地引用或复述别人的 话,被引用或复述的部分就叫直接引语; 直接引语必须都放在引号中,其位置 常在句尾或句首。
用自己的话转述别人的话;被转述的部分 就叫间接引语;间接引语不必用括号,一 般用宾语从句或复合宾语表达法。
原封不动引用别人的原话,原话在引号中。 “Take off your boots,” he said. “I don‟t know where your bike is,” said the Arab.
一般疑问句 直接引语变间接引语的结构:
A asked if/whether He asked if/whether I could hear him. A asked B if whether The teacher asked Bob if/whether he had read that book.

高中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语的变化规则

高中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语的变化规则直接引语(Direct Speech)和间接引语(Indirect Speech)是英语语法中非常重要的知识点。

在日常生活和写作中,我们经常会遇到需要引述他人的话语的情况。

了解直接引语和间接引语的变化规则对于正确引述他人的话语以及理解他人的陈述至关重要。

本文将对高中英语中直接引语和间接引语的变化规则进行归纳总结。

一、直接引语的变化规则1. 动词变化:直接引语中的动词需根据引述的内容进行时态、人称和数量等变化。

a) 一般现在时:直接引语中的一般现在时可以保持不变。

例子:He said, "I like music."(他说:“我喜欢音乐。

”)b) 一般过去时:直接引语中的一般过去时需变为过去完成时。

例子:She said, "I visited my grandparents yesterday."(她说:“昨天我去看望了我的祖父母。

”)c) 现在进行时:直接引语中的现在进行时需变为过去进行时。

例子:They said, "We are studying for the exam."(他们说:“我们正在为考试学习。

”)d) 一般将来时:直接引语中的一般将来时需变为过去将来时。

例子:He said, "I will go to the cinema tomorrow."(他说:“明天我将去电影院。

”)2. 代词变化:直接引语中的人称代词(例如I、you、he、she、they 等)需按照引述者的身份进行变化。

例子:He said, "I am going to the park."(他说:“我要去公园。

”)3. 时间和地点变化:直接引语中的时间和地点词语需根据实际情境进行变化。

例子:She said, "I will meet you at the library tomorrow."(她说:“明天我会在图书馆见你。

初中英语知识归纳直接引语和间接引语的转换规则

初中英语知识归纳直接引语和间接引语的转换规则直接引语和间接引语是初中英语学习中常见的语法知识点。

了解直接引语和间接引语的转换规则对于学生们正确运用这两种引语形式至关重要。

本文将对直接引语和间接引语的转换规则进行归纳总结,以帮助读者更好地理解和掌握这一知识点。

1. 直接引语和间接引语的定义直接引语是将他人的原话直接引述出来,用引号括起来,并配以适当的标点符号。

间接引语是将他人的原话通过间接的方式叙述出来,而非直接引述。

例子:直接引语:He said, "I will go to the park."间接引语:He said that he would go to the park.2. 直接引语和间接引语的转换规则2.1 时态转换规则- 如果直接引语中的动词是一般现在时,转换为间接引语时,动词的时态不变。

- 如果直接引语中的动词是一般过去时,转换为间接引语时,动词的时态需改为过去完成时。

- 如果直接引语中的动词是现在进行时,转换为间接引语时,动词的时态需改为过去进行时。

- 如果直接引语中的动词是一般将来时,转换为间接引语时,动词的时态需改为过去将来时。

例子:直接引语:She said, "I am reading a book."间接引语:She said that she was reading a book.直接引语:He said, "I was busy yesterday."间接引语:He said that he had been busy the day before.2.2 人称转换规则- 如果直接引语中出现第一人称,转换为间接引语时,需按照受话人的身份进行适当的变化。

- 如果直接引语中出现第二人称,转换为间接引语时,需按照受话人的身份进行适当的变化。

- 如果直接引语中出现第三人称,转换为间接引语时,人称不变。

例子:直接引语:John said, "I am a student."间接引语:John said that he was a student.直接引语:Teacher said, "You should study hard."间接引语:Teacher said that we should study hard.3. 注意事项- 直接引语和间接引语的转换规则适用于陈述句。

初中英语中的直接引语和间接引语用法

初中英语中的直接引语和间接引语用法在初中英语学习中,直接引语和间接引语是一个重要的语法知识点。

它们在口语和书面语中都有广泛的应用。

正确使用直接引语和间接引语不仅能够提升语言表达能力,还能够帮助我们更好地理解他人的意思。

下面将详细介绍直接引语和间接引语的用法。

直接引语是将别人的原话直接引用并用引号括起来。

当我们使用直接引语时,需要注意几个要点。

首先,引号的使用是必不可少的,它们用来标识出原话的范围。

其次,直接引语的标点符号需要放在引号内部。

最后,如果直接引语是一个完整的句子,那么首字母需要大写。

例如,当我们想表达“我喜欢看电影”时,可以直接引用别人的话说:“I like watching movies”。

间接引语是将别人的原话转述成自己的话。

与直接引语相比,间接引语需要进行一定的变化和调整。

首先,我们需要使用适当的动词来引导间接引语,如“say”、“tell”、“ask”等。

其次,间接引语通常以陈述句的形式出现,因此需要将原话转换成陈述句的语序。

最后,间接引语中的人称和时态也需要根据实际情况进行变化。

例如,当别人告诉我他喜欢看电影时,我可以转述成:“He told me that he likes watching movies”。

在实际应用中,直接引语和间接引语的使用是灵活多样的。

有时候,我们可以根据需要选择使用直接引语或间接引语。

例如,当我们想强调别人的原话时,可以使用直接引语。

而当我们想简洁地转述别人的原话时,可以使用间接引语。

此外,直接引语和间接引语也可以同时出现在一个句子中。

例如,当我们想告诉别人老师说过“我们需要更加努力学习”的话时,可以说:“The teacher told us, 'We need to study harder'”。

除了基本的用法外,直接引语和间接引语还有一些特殊的情况需要注意。

首先,当直接引语中包含疑问句、感叹句或条件句等特殊句型时,我们需要根据实际情况进行调整。

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