2018高考押题作文:知与无知_高中作文

2018高考押题作文:知与无知_高中作文
2018高考押题作文:知与无知_高中作文

2018高考押题作文:知与无知

知与无知,正视才会生出大智慧

一、作文素材

苏格拉底说:“我比别人知道得多的,不过是我知道自己的无知。”

黑格尔说:“无知者是不自由的,因为和他对立的是一个陌生的

世界。”

王朔说:“无知者无畏。”

二、构思点拨

这是一则人物言论型的材料作文,列举了苏格拉底、黑格尔、王

朔三个名人的不同言论,看似表达不同的观点,但每句话都有一个相

同的关键词——“无知”。那么,正确理解并把握“无知”一词的内涵,便是写好本次作文的起点和关键。

“无知”包括知识上的“无知”和认知上的“无知”。前者应该

是一个中性词,指的是知识上的缺乏。面对无限的世界、浩瀚的知识,

人类受到生命、认知水平等局限,没有人是全知全能的。后者更多是

我们生活中常用的意思,含贬义的愚昧无知,表现为自尊自大,或为

一己私欲而违背规律等。

其次,要思考与“无知”相关的各句话的次关键词。

苏格拉底“知道自己的无知”。即使作为历史上公认的大思想家,也不可能是全知之人,因此,只有“知道自己的无知”并能承认自己

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的无知,才会对未知的知识、规律产生探求的欲望,最终从无知达到相对的有知。苏格拉底的话虽是自谦,却揭示了知晓“无知”的可贵——明白自己的无知,才可能从“无知”到“知”。

黑格尔这句话可以这样理解:无知者因为不了解世界真理、未把握规律,因此面对“陌生世界”时往往无从下手,才感到“不自由”。当然,考生也可以反向思考这句话:也正是因为无知者无知于全新领域的规律,反而他们可以自由地驰骋,不会过多地受到常规或惯性思维的约束,并能打破传统、抗拒权威、产生创新。就这个层面上而言,“无知者”又是“自由”的。

王朔说“无知者”“无畏”。虽然这句话看似简单,但要准确理解必须先定义好是哪种类型的无知者。若是知识上的无知并能认识到自己无知的人,在探索的过程中即使遇到困难、压力、窘迫等,但由于内心深处对真理追求的渴望,也能无畏于逆境反而会迎难而上。这是“无知者无畏”的积极方面。但若是认知上的无知者,他们主观上自以为知,并且还无畏地去碰触一些不该碰触的底线的话,这样的“无知者无畏”就是负面的,应该受到批判。

作文立意必须围绕“无知”来展开。可以从正面肯定“无知”能产生追求真知的欲望,打破传统、抗拒权威的勇气,不畏困难的力量等;也可以从反面论述“无知”的局限以及由此产生的不足、带来的危害等;还可以综合正反两面来谈如伺从“无知”到“知”等等。作文如果脱离“无知”,谈“谦虚”“不自由、自由的条件”“勇2 / 3

气”“无畏”等,则视为偏离题意。

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