翻译技巧(1)词义的选择与引申
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a. Select word meanings according to parts of speeches.
1. Microprocessors monitor tyre wear and brake power on cars. (v.) 微机检测汽车轮胎的耐用性和制动力。
2. The patient was connected to a television wave monitor. (n.) 病人情况通过波形监视器监视。
of atoms. (conj.) • 一切物质，例如铁、水、空气等，都是由原子构成的。 8. Like enough, the ship will arrive in port. (ad.) • 这艘船很可能明天进港。
III. Selection of word meaning
b. Select word meanings according to the context.
working, as though about to take off. 他工作时总是坐在椅子边上，好象随时都会跳起来的样子。
11. Every material takes up space. • 一切物质都占有空间。 12. The electronic computers are taking over some of the tasks
Selection and Extension
Teaching Procedures
I. Review II. Introduction to the techniques of translation III. Selection of word meaning IV. Extension of word meaning V. Summary VI. Assignments VII. References for further reading
• 死译：交流电不知道直流电的这种缺点。 • 引伸：交流电不存在直流电的这种缺点。
7. If iron is kept moist, rusting is rapid, which might lead us to think that water was the influence causing the corrosion. 死译：如果保持潮湿，生锈就快，这可能使我们以为水是引 起腐独的影响。
structures, 4.long sentence translation, 5. paragraph and passage translation, 6.translation of articles of different kinds of styles, etc.
III. Selection of word meaning
能自动测量多种误差的仪器， 以及把信息反馈给机器控制 机构的方法已经研制出来了。 6. He is the last man to come. 他是最后来的。 7. He is the last man to do it. 他决不会干这种事。 8. He is the last person for such a job. 他最不配干这工作。 9. He should be the last (man) to blame. 怎么也不该怪他。 10. He is the last man to consult. 根本不宜与他商量。 11. This is the last place where I expected to meet you. • 我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。
引伸：如果保持潮湿，生锈就快，这可能使我们以为水是引 起腐独的原因。
IV. Extension of word meaning
8. A creative person will almost never follow a set pattern in developing an idea. To do so would tend to structure his thinking and might limit the creation of possible solutions. 死译：一个有创造性的人在形成一种想法时，决不会 按照一种固定不变的方式行事。这样就会构选于限制 创造出可能的解决方案。
3. He likes making chemical experiments. (v.) 他喜欢做化学实验。
III. Selection of word meaning
4. Like charges repel each other, unlike charges attract. (adj.) 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。
that were once accomplished by our own brains, but they are not replacing us. 计算机正在接替原来由人脑进行的某些工作，但是它们不 能代替人。
IV. Extension of word meaning
一、抽象词语具体化
• 1. Public opinion demands that something should be done to end the strike.
III. Selection of word meaning
d. Select word meanings according to collocation. • 1. high beam 远距离光束 • 2. high brass 优质黄铜 • 3. high current 强电流 • 4. high explosive 烈性炸药 • 5. high gear 高速齿轮 • 6. high seas 公海 • 7. high summer 盛夏 • 8. high steel 硬钢
Introduction to the techniques of translation
• Experience • skills in translation: 1. selection of word meaning, 2.extension of word meaning, 3.conversion of parts of speeches and sentence
III. Selection of word meaning
9. To take off her boots or to put them on was an agony to her, but it had been an agony for years.
脱鞋或穿鞋对她是一种痛苦， 但这已是多年以来的痛苦了。 10. He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is
I. Review
• Translation and equivalence • Translation method • Translation process and principles • Translation factors and treason • Translation theory and techniques
• 尽管中国是核大国， 但中国决不会首先使用核武器。 • 3. 16 is the four power of 2. (27 is the third power of 3.) • 16是2的4次方。 （27是3的3次幂。） • 4. What is the power of the engine? • 这台电机的功率是多少？
casting. • 死译：原材料与成品之间最短的距离是铸造。
引伸译：铸造是原材料加工成成品的最简便方法。
IV. Extension of word meaning
6. The alternating current does not know such a disadvantage as the direct current does.
• 帝国主义者的性格即残暴，又狡猾。 • 2. Everyone has rain and sunshine (roses and thorns)
in their life. • 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。
IV. Extension of word meaning
三、改换说法
1. During the first part of his life, Lincoln was a storekeeper and postmaster.
III. Selection of word meaning
c. Select word meanings according to speciality.
• 1. Power can be transmitted over a long distance. 电力可以远距离输送。
• 2. China will not be the first to use nuclear weapons although considered one of the nuclear powers.
1. The country’s industry has developed quickly in the last decade. • 过去10年我国工业发展迅猛。 2. To develop the instrument, many experts were invited.
为了研制这种仪器请了很多专家。 3. In developing the design, the engineer must apply his knowledge
of engineering and material science. 在进行设计时工程师必须运用工程学和材料学方面的知识。 4. In order to develop our power industry, we must produce more and pore powerful generators. 为了发展我国的电力工业， 我们必须生产越来越多的大功率 发电机
• 众舆论要求采取措施结束罢工。 • 2. The car in front of me suddenly stopped and I
missed the green. • 我前面的那辆车突然停了，我错过了绿灯。
IV. Extension of word meaning
二、具体词语抽象化
• 1. The character of these people is a mixture of the tiger and the ape.
III. Selection of word meaning
5. Instruments capable of measuring most kinds of error automatically and methods of feeding the information back to the machines’ controls have been developed.
5. Like the human brain, a computer also has a memory where it can store vast quantities of information. (prep.) 计算机像人脑一样， 也有一个能储存大量信息的存储器
6. I hope I can operate the machine like you do.( conj.) • 我希望能像你一样操纵机器。 7. All matters such as iron, water, air, and the like are made up
• 林肯早年当过店主和邮政局长。 2. A network of highways was built from coast to coast. • 横跨大陆建筑了一个公路网。 3. He found that the mercuryபைடு நூலகம்column measured the predicted height. • 他发现水银柱达到了预期的高度。 4. Jets are a new development in aviation. • 喷气式飞机是航空事业上的一个新成就。 5. The shortest distance between raw material and a finished part is
1. Microprocessors monitor tyre wear and brake power on cars. (v.) 微机检测汽车轮胎的耐用性和制动力。
2. The patient was connected to a television wave monitor. (n.) 病人情况通过波形监视器监视。
of atoms. (conj.) • 一切物质，例如铁、水、空气等，都是由原子构成的。 8. Like enough, the ship will arrive in port. (ad.) • 这艘船很可能明天进港。
III. Selection of word meaning
b. Select word meanings according to the context.
working, as though about to take off. 他工作时总是坐在椅子边上，好象随时都会跳起来的样子。
11. Every material takes up space. • 一切物质都占有空间。 12. The electronic computers are taking over some of the tasks
Selection and Extension
Teaching Procedures
I. Review II. Introduction to the techniques of translation III. Selection of word meaning IV. Extension of word meaning V. Summary VI. Assignments VII. References for further reading
• 死译：交流电不知道直流电的这种缺点。 • 引伸：交流电不存在直流电的这种缺点。
7. If iron is kept moist, rusting is rapid, which might lead us to think that water was the influence causing the corrosion. 死译：如果保持潮湿，生锈就快，这可能使我们以为水是引 起腐独的影响。
structures, 4.long sentence translation, 5. paragraph and passage translation, 6.translation of articles of different kinds of styles, etc.
III. Selection of word meaning
能自动测量多种误差的仪器， 以及把信息反馈给机器控制 机构的方法已经研制出来了。 6. He is the last man to come. 他是最后来的。 7. He is the last man to do it. 他决不会干这种事。 8. He is the last person for such a job. 他最不配干这工作。 9. He should be the last (man) to blame. 怎么也不该怪他。 10. He is the last man to consult. 根本不宜与他商量。 11. This is the last place where I expected to meet you. • 我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。
引伸：如果保持潮湿，生锈就快，这可能使我们以为水是引 起腐独的原因。
IV. Extension of word meaning
8. A creative person will almost never follow a set pattern in developing an idea. To do so would tend to structure his thinking and might limit the creation of possible solutions. 死译：一个有创造性的人在形成一种想法时，决不会 按照一种固定不变的方式行事。这样就会构选于限制 创造出可能的解决方案。
3. He likes making chemical experiments. (v.) 他喜欢做化学实验。
III. Selection of word meaning
4. Like charges repel each other, unlike charges attract. (adj.) 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。
that were once accomplished by our own brains, but they are not replacing us. 计算机正在接替原来由人脑进行的某些工作，但是它们不 能代替人。
IV. Extension of word meaning
一、抽象词语具体化
• 1. Public opinion demands that something should be done to end the strike.
III. Selection of word meaning
d. Select word meanings according to collocation. • 1. high beam 远距离光束 • 2. high brass 优质黄铜 • 3. high current 强电流 • 4. high explosive 烈性炸药 • 5. high gear 高速齿轮 • 6. high seas 公海 • 7. high summer 盛夏 • 8. high steel 硬钢
Introduction to the techniques of translation
• Experience • skills in translation: 1. selection of word meaning, 2.extension of word meaning, 3.conversion of parts of speeches and sentence
III. Selection of word meaning
9. To take off her boots or to put them on was an agony to her, but it had been an agony for years.
脱鞋或穿鞋对她是一种痛苦， 但这已是多年以来的痛苦了。 10. He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is
I. Review
• Translation and equivalence • Translation method • Translation process and principles • Translation factors and treason • Translation theory and techniques
• 尽管中国是核大国， 但中国决不会首先使用核武器。 • 3. 16 is the four power of 2. (27 is the third power of 3.) • 16是2的4次方。 （27是3的3次幂。） • 4. What is the power of the engine? • 这台电机的功率是多少？
casting. • 死译：原材料与成品之间最短的距离是铸造。
引伸译：铸造是原材料加工成成品的最简便方法。
IV. Extension of word meaning
6. The alternating current does not know such a disadvantage as the direct current does.
• 帝国主义者的性格即残暴，又狡猾。 • 2. Everyone has rain and sunshine (roses and thorns)
in their life. • 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。
IV. Extension of word meaning
三、改换说法
1. During the first part of his life, Lincoln was a storekeeper and postmaster.
III. Selection of word meaning
c. Select word meanings according to speciality.
• 1. Power can be transmitted over a long distance. 电力可以远距离输送。
• 2. China will not be the first to use nuclear weapons although considered one of the nuclear powers.
1. The country’s industry has developed quickly in the last decade. • 过去10年我国工业发展迅猛。 2. To develop the instrument, many experts were invited.
为了研制这种仪器请了很多专家。 3. In developing the design, the engineer must apply his knowledge
of engineering and material science. 在进行设计时工程师必须运用工程学和材料学方面的知识。 4. In order to develop our power industry, we must produce more and pore powerful generators. 为了发展我国的电力工业， 我们必须生产越来越多的大功率 发电机
• 众舆论要求采取措施结束罢工。 • 2. The car in front of me suddenly stopped and I
missed the green. • 我前面的那辆车突然停了，我错过了绿灯。
IV. Extension of word meaning
二、具体词语抽象化
• 1. The character of these people is a mixture of the tiger and the ape.
III. Selection of word meaning
5. Instruments capable of measuring most kinds of error automatically and methods of feeding the information back to the machines’ controls have been developed.
5. Like the human brain, a computer also has a memory where it can store vast quantities of information. (prep.) 计算机像人脑一样， 也有一个能储存大量信息的存储器
6. I hope I can operate the machine like you do.( conj.) • 我希望能像你一样操纵机器。 7. All matters such as iron, water, air, and the like are made up
• 林肯早年当过店主和邮政局长。 2. A network of highways was built from coast to coast. • 横跨大陆建筑了一个公路网。 3. He found that the mercuryபைடு நூலகம்column measured the predicted height. • 他发现水银柱达到了预期的高度。 4. Jets are a new development in aviation. • 喷气式飞机是航空事业上的一个新成就。 5. The shortest distance between raw material and a finished part is