英汉语篇翻译讲析
英汉语篇对比与翻译
英汉语篇对比与翻译一、本文概述《英汉语篇对比与翻译》是一篇旨在深入探讨英汉语篇结构、语义理解和翻译策略的学术论文。
本文将对英汉语篇的主要特点进行对比分析，揭示两者在篇章组织、信息排布、逻辑关系等方面的差异，并在此基础上探讨相应的翻译策略和方法。
通过本文的论述，我们期望能够帮助读者更好地理解英汉语篇的本质特征，提高英汉互译的质量和准确性。
文章将首先概述英汉语篇对比的重要性和现实意义，然后介绍本文的研究方法、数据来源和分析框架，最后总结本文的主要观点和结论，以期为英汉翻译实践提供有益的参考和指导。
二、英汉语篇的基本特征对比英语和汉语，作为两种截然不同的语言系统，在语篇构建上也展现出各自独特的特征。
这些特征不仅体现在语言的结构和表达方式上，还深深植根于两种文化的思维模式和价值观中。
英语语篇通常呈现出一种直线型思维模式，即开篇直接点明主题，然后围绕这一主题展开论述，逐步深入，最终得出结论。
这种思维模式在英语学术论文、新闻报道等文体中尤为明显。
英语语篇往往重视逻辑性和形式化，通过丰富的连词和语法结构来体现句子之间的逻辑关系，使整个篇章结构紧凑、层次分明。
相比之下，汉语语篇则更多地采用螺旋型思维模式。
在汉语表达中，作者往往先从外围入手，通过描绘背景、渲染气氛等方式逐渐引出主题。
这种思维模式在汉语文学作品、日常会话中尤为常见。
同时，汉语语篇更注重意合性，即通过语境和语义的关联来实现句子之间的衔接和连贯，而非依赖明显的连词或语法结构。
造成这种差异的原因在于英汉两种文化的不同。
英语文化强调逻辑性和客观性，注重分析和推理，因此英语语篇也呈现出一种客观、直接的风格。
而汉语文化则更注重整体性和和谐性，强调综合和感悟，因此汉语语篇更倾向于采用一种委婉、含蓄的表达方式。
了解英汉语篇的这些基本特征差异，对于提高英汉互译的质量具有重要意义。
在翻译过程中，译者需要充分考虑到两种语言在语篇构建上的不同特点，灵活运用各种翻译技巧和方法，以实现原文与译文在语义、风格和文化内涵上的对等。
Unit 18 英汉篇章翻译(三).
Unit 18 英汉篇章翻译（三）教学目的要求：了解如何使用各种技巧进行篇章的翻译。
初步了解语篇翻译的难点及其处理；通过对本文的翻译，了解翻译的艰辛，同时通过对主人公事迹的学习，加强学生的德育教育，寓德育教育于课堂教育中。
教学重点：把握在语篇翻译中使用各种翻译技巧，了解语篇翻译的难点及其处理。
教学难点：长句的翻译。
教学内容：Three Days to SeeBy Helen Keller摘自：许明龙译，选自《英语名作佳译赏析》，世界图书出版公司，1999。
转引自：南开大学外国语学院英语系《英语翻译教程》，天津：南开大学出版社，2004。
作者简介：Helen Keller, 美国女作家及教育家，一岁半时，由于生病失聪、失明。
她通过刻苦努力，取得了甚至常人都无法取得的成就。
她勤奋写作，并到世界各地演讲，她的事迹感动和激励了一代代的青年。
她的主要著作有《我的一生〉，《海伦·凯勒日记〉，《给我三天光明〉。
Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life. We should live each day with a gentleness, a vigour, and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days of months and years to come. There are those, of course, who would adopt the epicurean motto of “eat, drink and be merry,” but most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death.有时我想，把每一天都当做生命的最后一天来过，也许是一种极好的生活准则。
英汉语篇对比与翻译
这是一篇报刊文章，译文风格不宜太口语化， 还要掌握政治用语的分寸，使译文尽量符合汉 语的习惯。同时，原文中划底线语句的译文也 要 根据上文语境和大语篇的提示 准确理解后 才能译出来
狭义语篇语境 ( 即上下文 ) 明确了原文中 “ it ” 、 “ these & men ” 的实际所指： “ guarantee Ronald Reagan's resounding
more healthy.(虚拟条件)
英语的意合
C.形式词被简约后构成的意合句 I don’t know exactly (that) he is a professor. How many students (whom) do you think will
succeed in this test? There is no breeze (which) came through the
译例
It should have been easy . These were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ones to the Republican Party, men who understood presidential polities as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable , with lots of good news to work with : America was at peace , and the nation's economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Further more, the campaign itself was lavishly finaced , with plenty of money for a topflight staff , travel , and television commercials . And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills . Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America ---a nation of renewed military strength , individual initiative , and smaller federal government.
英汉语篇翻译
As regards health, I have nothing useful to say since I have little experience of illness. I eat and drink whatever I like, and sleep when I cannot keep awake. I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome. 谈到健康问题，我没什么可说，因为我没怎么生过病。 谈到健康问题 ， 我没什么可说 ， 因为我没怎么生过病 。 我 想吃就吃，想喝就喝，想睡就睡，从不为健康而做什么， 想吃就吃 ， 想喝就喝 ， 想睡就睡 ， 从不为健康而做什么 ， 然而实际上我喜欢做的事大都有益于健康。 然而实际上我喜欢做的事大都有益于健康。
要克服对死亡的恐惧最好的办法至少在我看来如此就是逐渐扩大自己的兴趣范围多关心一些个人以外的事情慢慢地自我的壁垒就会一点一点消退个人的生命就渐渐地融入到整个世界中了
How to Grow Old
怎样才能活到老/ 怎样才能活到老/怎样才可以不老1
这篇文章是英国哲学家罗素的名篇。 这篇文章是英国哲学家罗素的名篇。 作者从身体健康、心理健康、 作者从身体健康、心理健康、对死亡的态度等方面分别阐述了自己对老 年生活的看法，逻辑层次清晰，语言生动精炼。 年生活的看法，逻辑层次清晰，语言生动精炼。 全篇的结构层次： 全篇的结构层次： 段一健康问题；段二段三心理上的两种错误倾向； 段一健康问题；段二段三心理上的两种错误倾向；段四老年对个人以外 的事情怀有强烈的兴趣和如何对待子女；段五对死亡的正确态度。 的事情怀有强烈的兴趣和如何对待子女；段五对死亡的正确态度。 In spite of the title, this article will really be on how not to grow old, which at my time of life, is much more important subject.
第七章 英汉语篇的衔接与翻译二
First of all, I would like to apologize for your order not being delivered on the date we agreed in our contract and also for the difficulties you have had in trying to reach me. As you may have heard in the news, we have experienced a major industrial dispute. The dispute involved all employees and as a result, all production came to a complete standstill. Secretarial and administrative staff were also involved; this is why it has been so difficult for you to reach me.
The seller shall pay all the custom duties and tariffs for export of the equipment. 卖方必须支付出口设备的所有关税 关税。 卖方必须支付出口设备的所有关税。 Any Crown Servant…solicits or accepts any advantages shall be guilty of an offense. 王国政府的公务员如果索取或者收受贿赂 王国政府的公务员如果索取或者收受贿赂 索取或者收受 必须服罪判刑。 必须服罪判刑。
Henry Ford did not invent the automobile, but he was the first man to mass-produce it, and this made it available to the ordinary man. Many automobiles were being built by hand at the turn of the century and were much too expensive for all but the wealthy. 亨利·福特没有发明汽车 福特没有发明汽车， 亨利 福特没有发明汽车，但他却是使用机 器大量生产汽车的第一人，从而使普通人 器大量生产汽车的第一人，从而使普通人 也能拥有汽车。 世纪初 世纪初， 也能拥有汽车。20世纪初，许多汽车是手 工制造的，对于普通人来说价格昂贵， 普通人来说价格昂贵 工制造的，对于普通人来说价格昂贵，只 有少数富人能够享用得起。 有少数富人能够享用得起。
第七章 英汉语篇的衔接与翻译
英语中的人称照应、指示照应在汉语语篇 中经常为词汇衔接 Credit cards enable their holders to obtain goods and services on credits. They are issued by retail stores, banks, credit card companies to approved clients. The bank or credit card company settles the client’s bill, invoicing him monthly and charging interest on any outstanding debts. Their profit comes from the high rate of interest charged, the card-holder’s subscriptions, and the fees paid by some organizations that accept cards.
Most of those who have watched enviously from the sidelines sense that gravity will assert itself sooner of later. Many of the online gamblers who have earned a fortune in paper profits betting their savings on shares in Yahoo. Amazon and the rest will never get their money out. For the very features that have led to a near-vertical climb of internet share prices also favor its precipitous collapse.
英汉翻译中的语篇意识
要在译文中明确指代关系： It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions. 把一场工业革命同两次政治革命归作一 类似乎有点奇怪，但事实上这三次革命都 是社会革命。
Or when he was shown over the great Nanjing bridge, built where the ferries used to carry trains across the Changjiang River.? He was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights. 再比如参观南京长江大桥；在修这座桥 以前，要靠渡船在这里运送火车过江。参 观大桥的时候，天快黑了，人家给他一把 椅子，请他坐下等一会。忽然电灯全亮了， 照出了整个大桥的轮廓。
…..不用担心。在帕劳一带壮丽的海底世界里， 鲨鱼也像当地居民一样悠然自得。又有谁 不会这样呢？………. 不会这样呢？
译者应把原文的字词句放在语篇中综合分 析，从而做出正确理解！
From the listless looks of some fellow trotters, I gather I am not alone in my unenthusiam: Bill-paying, it seems, would be about as diverting. Nonetheless, we continue to jog; more, we continue to choose to jog. 从跟我一起跑步的一些人的无精打采的 神情可以断定，缺乏热情的并非只是我一 个人：看来，付账也差不多一样有趣。？ ？ 不过，人们还是坚持跑步；而且，还坚持 非要跑步。
英汉翻译讲义
本门课程要求：1. 期末卷面考试成绩占80%，平时成绩占20%；2. 平时成绩由出勤、作业、课堂测验、课堂表现构成；3. 一学期不定期点名六次，缺课一次期末卷面成绩扣5分（迟到三次相当于缺课一次），累计6次缺课者取消考试资格；4. 一学期可以请假三次（短信或电话），请在上课前十分钟请假，事后请假无效；5. 上考研班、病假、事假均需提供相关证明且需事先经过老师本人同意；上考研班者请提供上课证，病假者请提供医院开具的医疗证明，事假者请提供系部盖有公章的事假条；6. 本课程期末考试不划重点；7. 未经允许拷贝老师带答案课件者、迟到早退缺乏礼貌报告者，酌情扣分。
8. 严格按课程要求执行，谢绝一切说情或求情；9. 对于本课程或本人教学和工作有任何建议或意见，欢迎致电本人或发邮件至rg.peng@。
10. 祝学习、生活愉快。
《英汉双语翻译理论与实践》参考书目（迷你版）：[1]陈宏薇、李亚丹. 新编汉英翻译教程(第二版）上外教, 2010年[2]邓炎昌、刘润清. 语言与文化. 外语教学与研究出版社, 1989.[3]古今明. 英汉翻译基础. 上海外语教育出版社，1997年版[4]华先发、邵毅. 新编大学英译汉教程. 上外教出版社，2004年版[5]柯平. 英汉与汉英翻译教程. 北京大学出版社,1993.[6]李长栓. 非文学翻译理论与实践. 中国对外翻译出版公司, 2004.[7]李运兴. 英汉语篇翻译(第二版). 清华大学出版社, 2003.[8]连淑能. 英汉对比研究. 高等教育出版社, 1993.[9]吕瑞昌等编著. 汉英翻译教程. 陕西人民出版社，1983.[10]邵志洪. 汉英对比翻译导论. 华东理工大学出版社, 2005.[11]孙致礼. 新编英汉翻译教程. 上海外语教育出版社, 2003.[12]叶子南. 高级英汉翻译理论与实践. 清华大学出版社，2001.[13]余光中. 余光中谈翻译. 中国对外翻译出版公司, 2002.[14]张培基. 英汉翻译教程. 上海外语教育出版社, 1983.英汉翻译讲义Instructor: Mr. Peng第一章翻译的性质、标准及过程1.1 “翻译”古今称呼之由来。
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I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities.7 It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive.8 It is no use telling grownup children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education.9 But if you are one of those who are incapable of impersonal interests, you may find that your life will be empty unless you concern yourself with your children and grandchildren. In that case you must realize that while you can still render them material services, such as making them an allowance or knitting them jumpers, you must not expect that they will enjoy your company.
The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigor from its vitality.4 When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one's interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional.5 Animals beco young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult.6
谈到健康问题，我没什么可说，因为我没怎么生过病。我 想吃就吃，想喝就喝，想睡就睡，从不为健康而做什么， 然而实际上我喜欢做的事大都有益于健康。
Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead.2 One's thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; one's own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one's emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one's mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.3
In spite of the title, this article will really be on how not to grow old, which at my time of life, is much more important subject.
As regards health, I have nothing useful to say since I have little experience of illness. I eat and drink whatever I like, and sleep when I cannot keep awake. I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome.
How to Grow Old1 怎样才能活到老/怎样才可以不老1
这篇文章是英国哲学家罗素的名篇。 作者从身体健康、心理健康、对死亡的态度等方面分别阐述了自己对老 年生活的看法，逻辑层次清晰，语言生动精炼。 全篇的结构层次： 段一健康问题；段二段三心理上的两种错误倾向；段四老年对个人以外 的事情怀有强烈的兴趣和如何对待子女；段五对死亡的正确态度。
另一个需要防止的倾向就是老想和孩子呆在一起，希望从他们的活 力中汲取力量。4孩子长大了，就想独立生活，如果你还像他们小 时侯那样对他们大叮咛小嘱咐，你就可能成为他们的累赘，除非他 们特别麻木。我不是说一个人不应当关心孩子，而是说这种关心应 当是多为他着想，可能的话，给他们一些接济，而不是过于情绪化。 5动物在自己的后代一旦能够生活自理后，便听之任之；人不一样， 由于抚养子女的时间长，要父母做到这一点很难。6