Carl Sandburg Fog
英美文学
美国文学Part 1. Colonial AmericaThomas Paine托马斯·潘恩1737-1809The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殡葬地Jonathan EdwardsThe Freedom of the Will The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended The Nature of True Virtue.Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传Part 2. American RomanticismWashington Irving华盛顿·欧文1783-1859A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-1851The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者; The Deerslayer杀鹿者Part 3.New England TranscendentalismRalf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生1803-1882Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhodo杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日子-首开自由诗之先河Henry David Threau亨利·大卫·梭罗1817-1862Wadden,or Life in the Woods华腾湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack RiversHenry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗1807-1882 The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;Voices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn路边客栈的故事---诗集：An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life人生礼物/Paul Revere’s Ride保罗·里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚----叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery奴役篇---反蓄奴组诗Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑1804-1864Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼·布朗;The Scarlet Letter红字;The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子--------心理若们罗曼史;The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像Herman Melville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔1819-1891Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比·迪克/白鲸；Typee泰比;Omoo奥穆;Mardi玛地;Redburn 雷得本;White Jacket白外衣;Pierre皮尔埃;Piazza广场故事;Billy Budd比利·巴德Walt Whitman沃尔特·惠特曼1819-1892Leaves of Grass草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom’d小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself自我之歌Emily Dickinson埃米莉·迪金森1830-1886The Poems of Emily Dichenson埃米莉·迪金森诗集-----“Tell all the truth and tell it slant”迂回曲折的，玄学的Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡1809-1849（以诗为诗；永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝）Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事集;Tales故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia莱琪儿;Annabel Lee安娜贝尔·李-----歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木儿和其他诗;Al Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems艾尔·阿拉夫，帖木儿和其他诗;The Raven and Other Poems乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven乌鸦;The City in the Sea海城;Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔;To Hellen致海伦Harriet Beecher Stowe哈丽特·比彻·斯托1811-1896Uncle Tom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋;A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp德雷德阴暗大沼地的故事片;The Minister’s Wooing牧师的求婚;The Pearl of Orr’s Island奥尔岛的珍珠;Oldtown Folks老城的人们Part 4. The age of RealismWilliam Dean Howells 威廉·狄恩·豪威尔斯1837-1920The Rise of Silas Lapham赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹;A Modern Instance现代婚姻; A Hazard of Now Fortunes时来运转;A Traveller from Altruia从利他国来的旅客;Through the Eye of the Needle透过针眼----乌托邦小说;Criticism and Fiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading小说创作与小说阅读23、Henry James享利·詹姆斯1843-1916小说：Daisy Miller苔瑟·米乐；The Portrait of a Lady贵妇人画像；The Bostonians波士顿人；The Real Thing and Other Tales真货色及其他故事；The Wings of the Dove鸽翼；The Ambassadors大使；The Golden Bowl金碗评论集：French Poets and Novelists法国诗人和小说家;Hawthorne霍桑;Partial Portraits不完全的画像;Notes and Reviews札记与评论;Art of Fiction and Other Essays小说艺术Part 5. Local ColorismMark Twain马克·吐温（Samuel Longhorne Clemens）---美国文学的一大里程碑The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocent’s Abroad傻瓜出国记;The Gilded Age镀金时代;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆·索耶历险记;The Prince and the Pauper王子与贫儿;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利·费恩历险记;A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson傻瓜威尔逊;Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉·达克;The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的人How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事---对美国早期幽默文学的总结Part 6. American NaturalismStephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩1871-1900Magic:A Girl of the Streets街头女郎梅姬（美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运）；The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章；The Open Boat小划子;The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky新娘来到黄天镇Frank Norris弗兰克·诺里斯1870-1902Moran of the Lady Letty茱蒂夫人号上的莫兰（romantic）;Mc-Teague麦克提格（naturalistic）;The Epic of the Wheat(realistic)小麦诗史(The Octopus章鱼,The Pit小麦交易所);A Deal in Wheat and Other Stories of the Old and New West小麦交易所及其他新老西部故事Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871-1945Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹;Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘;Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲(Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The Stoic);An American Tragedy美国的悲剧（被称为美国最伟大的小说）;Nigger Jeff黑人杰弗Edwin Arlington Robinson鲁宾逊1869-1935Captain Craig克雷格上尉---诗体小说；The Town Down the River河上的城镇;The Man Against the Sky衬托着天空的人;Avon’s Harvest沃冯的收成;Collected Poems诗集40、Jack London杰克·伦敦1876-1916The Son of the Wolf狼之子,The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤;The Sea-wolf海狼;White Fang白獠牙;The People of the Abyss深渊中的人们;The Iron Heel铁蹄;Marti Eden马丁·伊登;How I become a Socialist我怎样成为社会党人;The War of the Classes阶级之间的战争;What Life Means to Me生命对我意味着什么;Revolution革命;Love of Life热爱生命;The Mexican墨西哥人;Under the Deck Awings在甲板的天蓬下Upton Sinclair厄普顿·辛克莱尔1878-1968Spring and Harvest春天与收获;The Jungle屠场（揭发黑幕运动的代表作家）;King Coal煤炭大王;Oil石油;Boston波士顿;Dragon’s Teeth龙齿Part 7. The 1920sImagism Ezra Pound艾兹拉·庞德1885-1972The Spirit of Romance罗曼司精神;The Anthology Des Imagistes意像派诗选;Cathay华夏（英译中国诗）;Literary Essays文学论;Hugh Swlwyn Mauberley;A Few Don’ts by Imagiste意像派戒条;Personage面具;Polite Essays文雅集;The Cantos of Ezra Pound庞德诗章（109首及8首未完成稿）Thomas Stearns Eliot托马斯·艾略特1888-1965Prufrock and Other Observations普罗夫洛克（荒原意识）;The Waste Land荒原(The Burial of the Dead死者的葬礼;A Game of Chess弈棋;The Fire Sermon火诫;Death by Water水边之死;What the Thunder Said雷电之言);名诗：Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三;Four Quarters四个四重奏诗剧：Murder in the Cathedral大教堂谋杀案;Family Reunion大团圆;Cocktail Party鸡尾酒会Wallace Stevens华莱士·史蒂文斯1879-1955Harmonium风琴;The Man With the Blue Guitar弹蓝吉他的人;Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction关于最高虚构的札记(Peter Quince at the Clavier彼得·昆斯弹风琴;Sunday Morning礼拜天早晨);The Auroras of Autumn秋天的晨曦;Collected Poems诗集William Carlos Williams威廉·卡罗斯·威廉斯1883-1963收入Des Imagistes意像派（意像派的第一部诗选）诗集：Sour Grapes;Spring and All春;The Desert Music;The Journey of Love爱的历程;Collected Poems;Complete Poems;Collected Later Poems;Pictures from Brueghel布留盖尔的肖像;Paterson佩特森（5卷长诗）;Asphodal,That Green Flower常青花日光兰（长诗）名诗：Red Wheelbarrow红色手推车;The Widow’s Lament in Spring寡妇的春怨;The Dead Baby;The Sparrow ,to My Father麻雀—致父亲;Proletarian Portrait无产阶级画像（from An Early Martyr先驱）;The Great American Novels伟大的美国小说;In the American Grain美国性格;Autobiography自传Robert Frest罗伯特·弗罗斯特1874-1963A Boy’s Wish少年心愿；North of Boston波士顿之北(Mending Wall修墙,After Apple-picking 摘苹果之后);Mountain Interval山间（成熟阶段）(The Road Not taken没有选择的道路);West-running Brook西流的溪涧;A Further Range又一片牧场;A Witness Tree一株作证的树Carl Sandburg卡尔·桑德堡1878-1967Always the Young Stranger永远是陌生的年轻人s;In Reckless Ecstasy肆无忌惮的狂热;The Prairie Years草原的年代一、二;The War Years战争的年代（林肯传记）;The American Songbag 美国歌袋;The People,Yes人民，好;Honey and Salt蜜与盐;Corn-huskers辗米机（Fog雾）;Smoke and Steel烟与钢E Cumings肯明斯1894-1962Tulips anddd Chimneys郁金香与烟囱;The Enormous Room大房间;XLI Poems诗41首;Viva万岁;No，Thanks不，谢谢;Collected Poems诗集;Eimi爱米（访苏游记）F Scott Fitzgerald弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德1896-1940(迷惘的一代)The Side of Paradise人间天堂;The Beautiful and the Damned美丽的和倒霉;The Great Gatsby 了不起的盖茨比;Tender in the Night夜色温柔;The Last Tycoon最后的巨头短篇小说：Flappers and Philosophers姑娘们和哲学家们;Tales of the Jazz爵士时代的故事;Taps at Reveille早晨的起床号→The Ice Palace冰宫;May Days五一节;The Diamond as Big as the Ritz像里茨饭店那样大的钻石;Winter Dreams冬天的梦;The Rich Boy富家子弟;Babylon Revisted重访巴比伦敦The Crack-up崩溃（自传体文集）Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特·海明威1899-1961（“迷惘的一代”的代表人物）In Our Time在我们的年代里;The Torrents of Spring春潮;The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms永别了，武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣短篇小说：Men Without Women没有女人的男人;The Winners Take Notheing胜者无所获;The Fifth Column and First Forty-nine Stories第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个短篇政论：To Have and Have Not贫与富回忆录：A Moveable Feast到处逍遥William Faulkner威廉·福克纳1897-1962The Marble Faun云石林神（诗集）;Soldiers’Pay兵饷（小说）短篇小说：Dry September干燥的九月;The Sound and the Fury愤怒与喧嚣;As I lay dying当我垂死的时候;Light in August八月之光;Absalom,Absolam押沙龙，押沙龙（家世小说）Sherwood Anderson舍伍德·安德森1876-1941Windy McPherson’s Son饶舌的麦克斐逊的儿子;Marching Men前进中的人们;Mid-American Chants美国中部之歌;Winesburg,Ohio/The Book of the Grotesque俄亥俄州的温斯堡/畸人志;Poor White穷苦的白人;Many Marriages多种婚姻;Dark Laughter阴沉的笑声The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories鸡蛋的胜利和其他故事;Death in the Woods and Other Stories林中之死及其他故事;I Want to Know Why我想知道为什么Sinclair Lewis辛克莱·刘易斯1885-1951(美国第一个获诺贝尔奖)Villa Sibert Cather维拉·凯塞1873-1947O,Pioneers啊，先驱们;My Antonia我的安东尼亚;The Professor’s House教授之家;Death Comes for the Archibishop大主教之死Thomas Wolfe托马斯·沃尔夫1900-1938Look Homeward,Angel天使，望乡→（续）Of Time and the River时间与河流;The Web and the Rock蛛网与岩石;You Can’t Go Home Again有家归不得;The Hills Beyond远山（未完成）短篇小说：From Death to Morning从死亡到早晨Part 8. The 1930sJohn Dos Passos帕索斯1896-1970The Three Soldiers;Manhattan Transfer;U.S.A(The Forty-second Parallel;1919;The Big Money);District of Columbia哥伦比亚大区(The Adventures of a Young Man一个年轻人的冒险;Number One第一号;The Grand Design伟大的计划);Orient Express东方特别快车（游记）John Steinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克1902-1966Cup of Gold金杯;Tortilla Flat煎饼房;In Dubious Battle胜负未定;Of Mice and Men鼠和人;The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄;The Moon is Down月亮下去了;Cannery Row罐头厂街;The Pearl珍珠短篇小说：The Red Pony小红马(The Gift,The Great Mountains大山;The Promise许诺,The Leader of the People人们的领袖)Part 9. Black American LiteratureFrederick Douglass弗莱德里克·道格拉斯1817-1895Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave弗莱德里克·道格拉斯，一个美国黑人的自述/My Bondage and My Freedom我的枷锁与我的自由/The life and Time of Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克·道格拉斯的生平与时代James Langston Hughes詹姆斯·兰斯顿·休斯1902-1969Mulatto混血儿（剧本）;The Weary Blues疲倦的歌声;Dear Lovely Death亲爱的死神;Shakespear in Harlem哈莱姆的莎士比亚;I Wonder as I Wander我漂泊我思考;The Best of Simple辛普尔精选Ralph Ellison拉尔夫·埃利林1914-长篇小说：Invisible Man看不见的人散文集：Shadow and Act影子与行动;Going to the Territory步入文学界James Baldwin詹姆斯·鲍德温1924-1987散文集：Note of a Native Son土生子的笔记;Nobody Knows My Name;Fire Next Time下一次烈火;No Name in the Street他的名字被遗忘;The Devil Finds Work魔鬼找到工作小说：Go Tell it on the Mountain向苍天呼吁;Giovanni’s Room乔万尼的房间;Another Country 另一个国度;Tell Me How Long the Train’s Been Gone告诉我火车已开多久;If Beale Street Could Talk假如比尔能说话;Just Above My Head就在我头上短篇小说集：Going to Meet the Man去见这个人剧本：The Amen Corner阿门角;Blues for Mister Charley为查理先生唱布鲁斯/黑人怨;One Day When I was Lost有一天当我迷失的时候/迷路前后Gwendolyn BrooksPart 10. American DramaEugene Oneil尤金·奥尼尔1888-1953独幕剧：Bound East to Cardiff东航卡迪夫;The Long V oyage Home归途迢迢;The Moon of theCarribbeans加勒比人之月多幕剧：Beyond the Horizon天边外（其成名作）;Anna Christie安娜·克里斯蒂;The Emperor Jones琼斯皇;The Hairy Ape毛猿;All the God’s Children Got Wings上帝的儿女都有翅膀The Great God Brown大神布朗;The Strange Interlude奇异的插曲;Mourning Becomes Electr素娥怨/悲悼a;The Iceman Cometh送冰的人来了;The Long Days Journey Into Night进入黑夜的漫长旅程/日长路远夜常深沉Clifford OdetsJ D Salinger杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格1919-短篇小说：The Young Folks年轻人短篇小说集：Nine Stories故事九篇中篇小说：Franny弗兰尼;Zooey卓埃;Raise High the Roof Beam,Carpenters木匠们，把屋梁升高;Seymour:An Introduction西摩其人长篇小说：The Cather in the Rye麦田守望者Tennessee William田纳西·威廉斯1911-1983American Blues美国的布鲁斯;Battle of Angels天使的战斗;The Glass Menagerie玻璃动物园;The Streetcar Named Desire欲望号街车;Cat on a Hot Tin Roof热铁皮屋顶上的猫;The Night of The Iguana鬣蜥之夜;Summer and Smoke夏与烟;The Rose Tattoo玫瑰纹;Sweet Bird of Yout 可爱的青春鸟Arthur Miller阿瑟·米勒1915-Situation Normal情况正常;The Man Who Had All the Luck吉星高照的人;All My Sons都是我的儿子;The Death of a Salesman推销员;The Crucible严峻的考验/萨姆勒的女巫;A View from the Bridge桥头眺望;A Memory of Two Mondays两个星期一的回忆;After the Fall堕落之后;Incident at Vichy维希事件;The Price代价;The Creation of the World and Other Business创世及其他;The Archbishop’s Ceiling大主教的天花板;The American Clock美国时钟Edward Albee爱德华·阿尔比1928-The Zoo Story动物园的故事;The Death of Bessie Smith贝西·史密斯之死;The Sandbox沙箱;The American Dream美国梦;Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?谁害怕弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫;Tiny Alice小爱丽丝;A Delicate Balance脆弱的羊群;Seascape海景;The Lady from Dubuque来自杜布克的女人;The Man With Three Arms在臂人Part 11. The Post-War Scene: The Novel . PoetrySaul Bellow索尔·贝娄1915-长篇小说：Dangling Man晃来晃去/挂起来的人;The Victim受害者;The Adventure of Augie March奥基·马奇历险记;Henderson the Rain King雨王汉德逊;Herzog赫索格;Mr Summlar’s Planet塞姆勒先生的行星;Humboldt’s Gift洪堡的礼物中篇小说：Seize the Day且乐今朝Norman Mailer诺曼·米勒1923- (垮掉的一代；文学恐怖主义者/亡命之徒)裸者与死者；Barbary Shore巴巴里海滨;The Deer Park廘苑;An American Dream一场美国梦;The White Negro白色黑人;Advertisement for Myself为自己做广告;Why Are We in Vietnam?我们为什么要去越南;The Executioner’s Song刽子手之歌;The Armies of the Night夜色幕下的大军(History as a Novel/The Novel as History)—非虚构小说;New Journalism新新闻报道Joseph Heller约瑟夫·海勒1923-长篇小说：Catch-22第二十二条军规;Something Happened出了毛病;As Good as Gold像高尔德一样好剧本：We Bombed in New Haven我们轰炸纽黑文;Catch-22;Clevinger’s Trial克莱文杰受审（据Catch-22第八章）John Barth约翰·巴思1930-长篇小说：The Floating Opera漂浮的歌剧;The End of the Road穷途末路;The Sot-weed Factor 烟草代理商;Letters书信集;Giles Goat-boy山羊孩子贾尔斯;Lost in the Funhouse迷失在开心馆里（Title题目）;Chimera客迈拉；Sabbatical学院的轮休假;The Friday Book:Essays and Other Nonfictions星期五的书：论文及其他非小说Thomas Pynchon托马斯·品钦1937- (后现代主义)Geography of a Horse Dreamer马塞梦测者的地理;Angel City天使城;The Tooth of Crime罪恶的牙齿;Family家庭(Curse of the Starving Class饥饿阶级的诅咒;Buried Child被埋葬的孩子;True West真正的西部);Fool for Love情痴;A Lie of the Mind心灵的谎言;Paris/Texas德州的巴黎Poetry: Stanley KunitzRichard WilburElizabeth BishopHoward Nemerov美国文学1607-1776北美殖民时期Colonial Settlements约翰·史密斯美国文学史上第一个作家John Smith A Ture Relation of Virginia《关于费吉尼亚的真实叙述》（美国文学第一本书）乔纳森·爱德华兹清教徒主义作家（Puritanism）Jonathan Edwards1776-1783独立革命时期Revolution of Independence （启蒙运动）本杰明·富兰克林Poor Richard’s Almana c穷查理历书；Benjamin Franklin The Way to Wealth致富之道；1706-1790 The Autobiography自传(记录作者从穷到成功的经历，“美国梦”反映，体现启蒙倡导的理性主义和有序、教育的观点)托马斯·潘恩美国独立之父the father of American revolutionThomas Paine Common Sense常识（独立战争宣传册revolutionary pamphlets）1737-1809American Crisis美国危机（鼓励人民抵抗英军，共16小册）Rights of Man人的权利（支持法国革命）The Age of Reason理性时代（基督给他名誉带来的影响）菲利普·弗伦诺独立诗人a poet of the American Revolution，美国诗歌之父Philip Freneau The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲1752-1832 The British Prison Ship英国囚船The Wild Honey suckle野生的金银花The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士--同类诗中最佳托马斯·杰斐逊独立宣言Declaration of IndependenceThomas Jefferson18世纪末-19世纪中后浪漫主义时期Romanticism1. 早期浪漫主义华盛顿·欧文美国文学之父father of American Literature(为美国文学第一次赢得世界声誉)Washington Irving 以笔记小说和历史传厅闻名，humor1783-1859 The Sketch Book见闻札记（标志浪漫主义开始）A History of New York纽约史---美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；----The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说---成为美国第1个获国际声誉作家-----Rip Van Winkle里普·万·温克尔(李伯大梦)The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀frontier novel边疆传奇小说sea novelJames Fenimore Cooper The Spy间谍（独立战争间谍对抗英国）1789-1851 The Pilot领航者（sea novel）Leatherstocking Tales皮袜子五步曲（frontier novel）The Pioneer拓荒者（the first true romance of the frontier in American literatureThe Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人（主角：Natty Bumppo 纳蒂班波）The Prairie大草原The Pathfinder探路者The Deerslayer杀鹿者18世纪末-19世纪中后浪漫主义时期Romanticism1. 早期浪漫主义华盛顿·欧文美国文学之父father of American Literature(为美国文学第一次赢得世界声誉)Washington Irving 以笔记小说和历史传厅闻名，humor1783-1859 The Sketch Book见闻札记（标志浪漫主义开始）A History of New York纽约史---美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；----The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说---成为美国第1个获国际声誉作家-----Rip Van Winkle里普·万·温克尔(李伯大梦)The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀frontier novel边疆传奇小说sea novelJames Fenimore Cooper The Spy间谍（独立战争间谍对抗英国）1789-1851 The Pilot领航者（sea novel）Leatherstocking Tales皮袜子五步曲（frontier novel）The Pioneer拓荒者（the first true romance of the frontier in American literatureThe Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人（主角：Natty Bumppo 纳蒂班波）The Prairie大草原The Pathfinder探路者The Deerslayer杀鹿者2. 超验主义New England Transcendentalism拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书manifesto Ralf Waldo Emerson The American Scholar论美国学者;1803-1882 Self-reliance论自立The Transcendentalist超验主义者Representative Men代表人物School Address神学院演说Days日子-首开自由诗之先河free verse亨利·大卫·梭罗Walden瓦尔登湖Henry David Thoreau A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers在康科德河和梅里麦克河上的一周1817-1862 Civil Disobedience论公民之不服从纳撒尼尔·霍桑subject: human soul first great American writer of fiction 象征主义大师Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter红字1804-1864 Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子The Marble Faun玉石雕像The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇Young Goodman Brown年轻的布朗The Birthmark胎记赫尔曼·迈尔维尔擅长航海奇遇和异域风情Herman Melville Moby Dick/The White Whale白鲸（first American prose epic史诗）1819-1891 Typee泰比Omoo奥穆Mardi玛地White Jacket白外衣Pierre皮尔埃; Billy Budd比利·巴德沃尔特·惠特曼Father of free verse自由诗之父Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass草叶集（the birth of truly American poetry and the endof romanticism）(共和圣经Democratic Bible美国史诗American Epic)1819-1892 Song of Myself自我之歌Democratic Vistas民主的前景埃米莉·迪金森她的诗大量破折号dash,主题love, nature, death, immortality; 语言plain, brevity, directEmily Dickinson This is My Letter to the World这是我给世界的一封信1830-1886I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died我死时听到一只苍蝇叫Because I could not Stop for Death因为我不能等待死神I’m Nobody. Who Are You?我是无名小卒。
image
Other Classification
Controlling image Image cluster * Differences between symbol and image
Further Practice
Fog Carl Sandburg, 1878-1967 The fog comes on little cat feet. It sits looking over harbor and city on silent haunches and then moves on.
Classification
From the reader’s point of view Fixed image
Free image
Snake Theodore Roethke, 1928-1963 I saw a young snake glide (Fixed image) Out of the mottled shade And hang limp on a stone: A thin mouth, and a tongue Stayed, in the still air. It turned; it drew away; Its shadow bent in half; It quickened and was gone. I felt my slow blood warm. I longed to be that thing, The pure, sensuous form. (Free image, original power, sex or other sense) And I may be, some time.
Image
Introduction Images are probably the most important part of the poem. First of all, you want to tell a story, but images are what we are going to shore it up and get to the heart of the matter…If they’re not coming, I’m not even writing a poem, it’s pointless. ----Anne Sexton Writers at Work, 4th ed.
关于天气的优美英语古诗
关于天气的优美英语古诗天气变化与我们的经济和生活具有非常密切的联系。
下面是店铺带来的关于天气的优美英语古诗，欢迎阅读!关于天气的优美英语古诗篇一WIND AND WEATHER风和天气The South Wind brings wet weather,南风吹来雨绵绵，The North Wind, wet and cold together,北风吹过湿又寒，The West Wind always brings us rain,西风刮时是雨夭，The East Wind blows it back again.东风又把雨送还。
关于天气的优美英语古诗篇二The Stormby Theodore RoethkeAgainst the stone breakwater,Only an ominous lapping,While the wind whines overhead,Coming down from the mountain,Whistling between the arbors, the winding terraces;A thin whine of wires, a rattling and flapping of leaves,And the small street-lamp swinging and slamming against the lamp pole.Where have the people gone?There is one light on the mountain.Along the sea-wall, a steady sloshing of the swell,The waves not yet high, but even,Coming closer and closer upon each other;A fine fume of rain driving in from the sea,Riddling the sand, like a wide spray of buckshot,The wind from the sea and the wind from the mountain contending,Flicking the foam from the whitecaps straight upward into the darkness.A time to go home!--And a child's dirty shift billows upward out of an alley,A cat runs from the wind as we do,Between the whitening trees, up Santa Lucia,Where the heavy door unlocks,And our breath comes more easy,--Then a crack of thunder, and the black rain runs over us, over The flat-roofed houses, coming down in gusts, beatingThe walls, the slatted windows, drivingThe last watcher indoors, moving the cardplayers closerTo their cards, their anisette.We creep to our bed, and its straw mattress.We wait; we listen.The storm lulls off, then redoubles,Bending the trees half-way down to the ground,Shaking loose the last wizened oranges in the orchard,Flattening the limber carnations.A spider eases himself down from a swaying light-bulb,Running over the coverlet, down under the iron bedstead.The bulb goes on and off, weakly.Water roars into the cistern.We lie closer on the gritty pillow,Breathing heavily, hoping--For the great last leap of the wave over the breakwater,The flat boom on the beach of the towering sea-swell,The sudden shudder as the jutting sea-cliff collapses,And the hurricane drives the dead straw into the living pine-tree.关于天气的优美英语古诗篇三FogThe fog comeson little cat feet.It sits lookingover harbor and cityon silent haunchesand then moves on.by Carl Sandburg。
美国文学作家及其作品
The literature of Reason and RevolutionBenjamin Franklin: The AutobiographyThomas Paine: The American CrisisThomas Jefferson: The Declaration of IndependencePhilip Freneau: “Father of American Poetry”The Literature of RomanticismWashington Irving: The Legend of Sleepy HollowWilliam Cullen Bryant: “Thanatopsis”, “To a Waterfowl”James Fenimore Cooper: The Leather-Stocking TalesTranscendentalists:Ralph Waldo Emerson: Nature, Self-RelianceHenry David Thoreau:WaldenHigh Romantics:Nathaniel Hawthorne: The Scarlet LetterHerman Melville: Moby DickHenry Wadsworth Longfellow: “A Psalm of Life”, “The Slave’s Dream”Edgar Allan Poe: “To Helen”, “The Raven”, “The Fall of the House of Usher”Walt Whitman: Song of MyselfEmily Dickinson: “Because I could not stop for Death”, “I heard a Fly buzz-When I died”Realism:Mark Twain (Samuel Langhorne Clemens): The Adventure of Tom SawyerO. Henry: “The Cop and the Anthem”, “The gift of the Magi”Henry James: The Portrait of A LadyJack London: Martin EdenNaturalism:Stephan Crane: Maggie, A Girl of the Streets; The Red Badge of CourageTheodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie; The Genius; An American TragedyImagism:Ezra Pound: “In a Station of the Metro”Poets of the early 20th century:Robert Frost: “The Road Not Taken”;“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”Carl Sandburg: “Fog”, “Chicago”Edwin Arlington Robinson: “Richard Cory”, “Miniver Cheevy”Wallace Stevens: “Anecdote of the Jar”Langston Hughes: “The Negro Speaks of River”Thomas Stearns Eliot:Waste LandModernism (--1945):F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Great GatsbyErnest Hemingway: A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell TollsJohn Steinbeck: The Grapes of WrathWilliam Faulkner:The Sound and the Fury, A Rose for EmilyPost-M odernism (1950’s--):Saul Bellow(1976 Nobel Prize): Dangling Man; Herzog; Humboldt’s Gift; Toni Morrison (1993 Nobel Prize) : The Bluest Eyes; Song of Solomon; Joseph Heller:Catch-22;Thomas Pynchon: V;Allen Ginsberg: Howl;Sylvia Plath:“Lady Lazarus”; “Daddy”;American Drama:Eugene O’Neill: Long Day’s Journey into NightTennessee Williams: The Glass MenagerieArthur Miller:Death of a SalesmanEdward Albee: The American Dream。
华南农业大学美国文学史期末考试题
华南农业大学美国文学史期末考Ⅰ。
Explain the following literary terms。
（本大题共2小题，每小题5分，共10分)1.Darwinism2.Lost generation3。
Imagism4.Free VerseⅡ. Matching（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1.John Steinbeck2.T。
S。
Eliot3.Carl Sandburg4.F。
Scott Fitzgerald5.Harriet Beecher Stowe6.O’ Henry7.Thomas Paine8.Ernest Hemingway9.Ralph Waldo Emerson10.Nathaniel Hawthornea. A Farewell to Armsb. Common Sensec。
Uncle Tom’s Cabind. The Cop and the Antheme。
The Grapes of Wrathf. Fogg。
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrockh. Naturei。
The Great Gatsbyj. The Scarlet Letter.Ⅲ. Multiple choice。
（本大题共35 小题,每小题1 分，共35 分）1。
In the early nineteenth century American moral values were essentially Puritan. Nothing has left a deeper imprint on the character of the people as a whole tha n did_______。
A.Puritanism B Romanticism C Rationalism D Sentimentalism2. Franklin wrote and published his famous__________， an annul collection of pr overbs.A. The AutobiographyB. Poor Richard‘s Almanack C。
英语小诗歌
英语小诗歌-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1【1】Rain雨Rain is falling all around, 雨儿在到处降落，It falls on field and tree, 它落在田野和树梢，It rains on the umbrella here, 它落在这边的雨伞上，And on the ships at sea. 又落在航行海上的船只。
by R. L. Stevenson, 1850-1894【2】What Does The Bee Do?What does the bee do 蜜蜂做些什么Bring home honey. 把蜂蜜带回家。
And what does Father do 父亲做些什么Bring home money. 把钱带回家。
And what does Mother do 母亲做些什么Lay out the money. 把钱用光。
And what does baby do婴儿做些什么Eat up the honey. 把蜜吃光。
by C. G. Rossetti, 1830-1894【3】O Sailor, Come Ashore啊！水手，上岸吧(Part I)O sailor, come ashore 啊！水手，上岸吧What have you brought for me 你给我带来什么Red coral , white coral, 海里的珊瑚，Coral from the sea. 红的，白的。
(Part II)I did not dig it from the ground 它不是我从地下挖的，Nor pluck it from a tree; 也不是从树上摘的；Feeble insects made it 它是暴风雨的海裹In the stormy sea. 弱小昆虫做成的。
by C. G. Rossetti【4】THE WIND风(Part I)Who has seen the wind 谁曾见过风的面貌Neither I nor you; 谁也没见过，不论你或我；But when the leaves hang trembling, 但在树叶震动之际，The wind is passing through. 风正从那里吹过。
英语读书笔记好词好句读后感
英语读书笔记好词好句读后感Reading is a fundamental activity that has the power to transform our lives. It expands our knowledge, broadens our perspectives, and ignites our imagination. As we immerse ourselves in the written word, we encounter a tapestry of ideas, emotions, and experiences that can profoundly shape our understanding of the world and ourselves. In this essay, I will share my reading notes and reflections on the good words and sentences I have encountered in my English reading journey.One of the most impactful passages I have come across is from the novel "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee. The protagonist, Scout, reflects on the importance of empathy and understanding, stating, "You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view... Until you climb inside of his skin and walk around in it." This simple yet profound statement reminds us of the necessity to step outside our own biases and preconceptions and strive to see the world through the eyes of others. It is a powerful call to cultivate compassion and to approach our interactions with a deeper sense of humanity.Another noteworthy sentence that has resonated with me is from the memoir "Educated" by Tara Westover. She writes, "I am not the child my father raised, but he is also not the man who raised me." This poignant line captures the complex and often dynamic nature of our relationships with our loved ones. It acknowledges the changes and transformations that can occur within individuals, and how those changes can lead to a shift in the dynamics and understanding between them. This insight encourages us to be open-minded and adaptable in our relationships, recognizing that people are not static but constantly evolving.In the realm of poetry, I was deeply moved by the words of Mary Oliver, who wrote, "Tell me, what is it you plan to do with your one wild and precious life?" This question, posed in her poem "The Summer Day," challenges us to reflect on the purpose and meaning of our existence. It prompts us to consider how we will choose to live our lives, to make the most of the precious time we have been given, and to pursue our passions and dreams with a sense of urgency and appreciation.One of the most eloquent and thought-provoking sentences I have encountered is from the book "The Kite Runner" by Khaled Hosseini. The narrator, Amir, reflects on the power of redemption, stating, "I wondered if that was how forgiveness budded, not with the fanfareof epiphany, but with pain gathering its things, packing up, and slipping away unannounced in the middle of the night." This beautifully crafted sentence captures the nuanced and often gradual nature of the forgiveness process. It suggests that true forgiveness is not a dramatic or instantaneous event, but rather a quiet and gradual healing that takes place within us, often without our conscious awareness.Another striking sentence that has left a lasting impression on me is from the novel "The Book Thief" by Markus Zusak. The narrator, Death, observes, "I am haunted by humans." This simple yet powerful statement encapsulates the complex and often contradictory nature of the human experience. It suggests that even the personification of death is profoundly affected by the actions, emotions, and stories of the people it encounters. This sentence invites us to reflect on the depth and complexity of the human condition, and the ways in which we can leave an indelible mark on the world around us.Throughout my reading journey, I have also encountered words and phrases that have expanded my vocabulary and enriched my understanding of the English language. For example, the word "ephemeral," which means "lasting for a very short time," has become a powerful descriptor in my writing, allowing me to convey the fleeting and transient nature of certain experiences or phenomena. Similarly, the phrase "a double-edged sword," whichrefers to something that has both positive and negative aspects, has become a valuable tool in my analytical and critical thinking.In addition to these impactful words and sentences, I have also found great joy and inspiration in the poetic and lyrical language used by many authors. The rhythmic and melodic quality of their writing has a way of transporting me to different worlds and evoking powerful emotions. For instance, the line "The fog comes on little cat feet" from the poem "Fog" by Carl Sandburg paints a vivid and evocative image, capturing the subtle and graceful movement of the fog in a way that is both simple and profound.As I reflect on the wealth of insights and experiences I have gained through my English reading, I am reminded of the transformative power of the written word. Each book, poem, or essay I encounter offers a new lens through which to view the world, challenging me to expand my understanding and to cultivate a deeper sense of empathy and connection with the human experience. The good words and sentences I have discovered have become signposts along my journey, guiding me to a richer and more nuanced understanding of the complexities of life.In conclusion, the act of reading, and the careful attention to the language used by skilled writers, has been a profound and rewarding experience for me. The words and sentences that have resonatedmost deeply have become touchstones that I return to again and again, finding new layers of meaning and inspiration each time. As I continue to explore the vast and diverse world of literature, I am excited to uncover more gems that will shape my perspective and enrich my understanding of the human condition.。
摘抄好句英文
摘抄好句英文The English language is rich and diverse, with a vast array of vocabulary and grammatical structures that allow for the expression of complex ideas and emotions. Within this expansive linguistic landscape, there exists a treasure trove of well-crafted sentences that stand out for their eloquence, clarity, and depth of meaning. These sentences, often referred to as "good sentences," serve as beacons of linguistic excellence, inspiring writers and orators alike to strive for greater heights of expression.One such exemplary sentence is "The fog comes on little cat feet." This line, penned by the renowned American poet Carl Sandburg, is a masterful blend of imagery and rhythm. The use of the metaphor "little cat feet" to describe the fog's gentle, stealthy arrival creates a vivid mental picture, while the short, succinct phrasing adds a sense of quiet elegance to the verse.Another sentence that deserves recognition is "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times." This famous opening line from Charles Dickens' "A Tale of Two Cities" encapsulates the duality andcontrast that permeates the novel's narrative. The parallel structure and the juxtaposition of opposing adjectives ("best" and "worst") create a sense of tension and complexity, immediately drawing the reader into the story's tumultuous setting.The power of language to convey profound ideas is beautifully demonstrated in the sentence "To be, or not to be, that is the question." This iconic line, spoken by the protagonist Hamlet in Shakespeare's play of the same name, delves into the fundamental existential dilemma of life and death. The repetition of "to be" and the use of the rhetorical question format lend a sense of weight and gravity to the statement, inviting the reader or audience to contemplate the deeper philosophical implications.Another sentence that stands out for its lyrical quality is "The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep." This excerpt from Robert Frost's poem "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" paints a vivid picture of the natural landscape while also hinting at the speaker's inner turmoil and sense of obligation. The alliterative "l" sounds in "lovely, dark and deep" create a soothing, almost hypnotic effect, while the final line's reference to "miles to go before I sleep" suggests a journey that extends beyond the immediate moment.The ability to capture the essence of a complex idea in a few well-chosen words is a hallmark of great writing, as exemplified by the sentence "The unexamined life is not worth living." This profound statement, attributed to the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, encapsulates the importance of self-reflection and critical thinking in the pursuit of a meaningful existence. The concise phrasing and the use of the negation "not worth living" lend a sense of urgency and gravity to the message, challenging the reader to engage in a deeper exploration of their own lives and beliefs.Another sentence that stands out for its clarity and precision is "The only way to do great work is to love what you do." This quote, often attributed to Steve Jobs, emphasizes the importance of passion and dedication in achieving excellence. The simplicity of the language, coupled with the universal truth it conveys, makes this sentence both inspiring and eminently memorable.The ability to capture the essence of a complex idea in a few well-chosen words is a hallmark of great writing, as exemplified by the sentence "The unexamined life is not worth living." This profound statement, attributed to the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, encapsulates the importance of self-reflection and critical thinking in the pursuit of a meaningful existence. The concise phrasing and the use of the negation "not worth living" lend a sense of urgency and gravity to the message, challenging the reader to engage in a deeper exploration of their own lives and beliefs.Another sentence that stands out for its clarity and precision is "The only way to do great work is to love what you do." This quote, often attributed to Steve Jobs, emphasizes the importance of passion and dedication in achieving excellence. The simplicity of the language, coupled with the universal truth it conveys, makes this sentence both inspiring and eminently memorable.The English language is replete with other examples of well-crafted sentences that captivate the reader or listener. "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character." This iconic line from Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech eloquently articulates a vision of racial equality and social justice, using vivid imagery and a rhythmic cadence to drive home the message.Another powerful sentence is "The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends towards justice." This quote, often attributed to Martin Luther King Jr. but originally coined by the 19th-century minister Theodore Parker, encapsulates the belief that, despite the challenges and setbacks, the moral progress of humanity is ultimately inevitable. The use of the metaphor "arc of the moral universe" and the juxtaposition of "long" and "bends towards justice" create a sense of hope and optimism in the face of adversity.The ability to craft a memorable sentence is not limited to the realms of literature and oratory. In the field of science, the sentence "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution" stands out as a succinct and profound statement. Attributed to the evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky, this sentence underscores the fundamental importance of the theory of evolution in understanding the natural world, challenging readers to approach the study of biology through the lens of this unifying principle.In the realm of philosophy, the sentence "I think, therefore I am" has become a cornerstone of Western thought. Proposed by the French philosopher René Descartes, this statement encapsulates the notion of individual consciousness and the existence of the self, serving as a foundational principle in the exploration of human identity and the nature of reality.The examples mentioned above are but a small fraction of the countless well-crafted sentences that have enriched and illuminated the English language. These sentences, with their unique blend of linguistic artistry and profound meaning, serve as beacons of inspiration for writers, thinkers, and communicators of all kinds. By studying and appreciating these exemplary sentences, we can gain a deeper understanding of the power of language to shape ourperceptions, convey complex ideas, and leave a lasting impact on the human experience.。
As long as you love me歌词
As long as you love meAlthough loneliness has always been a friend of mine I'm leaving my life in your handsPeople say I'm crazy and that I am blindRisking it all in a glanceHow you got me blind is still a mysteryI can't get you out of my headDon't care what is written in you historyAs long as you're here with meI don't care who you areWhere you're fromWhat you didAs long as you love meWho you areWhere you're fromDon't care what you didAs long as you love meEvery little thing that you have said and doneFeels like it's deep within meDoesn't really matter if you're on the runIt seems like we're meant to beI don't care who you areWhere you're fromWhat you didAs long as you love meWho you areWhere you're fromDon't care what you didAs long as you love meI've tried to hide it so that no one knowsBut I guess it showsWhen you look in to my eyesWhat you did and where you're comin fromI don't care, as long as you love me, baby.I don't care who you areWhere you're fromWhat you didAs long as you love meWho you areWhere you're fromDon't care what you didAs long as you love meWho you areWhere you're fromWhat you didAs long as you love meWho you areWhere you're fromAs long as you love meWho you areWho you areAs long as you love meWhat you didI Don't CareAs long as you love me————————————————————————————A Forever Friend永远的朋友"A friend walk in when the rest of the world walks out.""别人都走开的时候，朋友仍与你在一起。
大学课程《美国文学史》期末试卷及参考答案
大学课程《美国文学史》期末试卷1.Darwinism2.Lost generation3.Imagism4.Free VerseⅡ. Matching （本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1. John Steinbeck 2. T.S. Eliot 3. Carl Sandburg 4. F. Scott Fitzgerald 5. Harriet Beecher Stowe 6. O ’ Henry 7. Thomas Paine 8. Ernest Hemingway 9. Ralph Waldo Emerson 10. Nathaniel Hawthorne a. A Farewell to Arms b. Common Sense c. Uncle Tom’s Cabind. The Cop and the Antheme. The Grapes of Wrathf. Fogg. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock h. Naturei. The Great Gatsby j. The Scarlet Letter.Ⅲ. Multiple choice.（本大题共 35 小题，每小题 1 分，共 35 分）1.In the early nineteenth century American moral values were essentially Puritan. Nothi ng has left a deeper imprint on the character of the people as a whole than did_______. A.Puritanism B Romanticism C Rationalism D Sentimentalism2. Franklin wrote and published his famous__________, an annul collection of proverbs.A. The AutobiographyB. Poor Richard‘s AlmanackC. Common SenseD. The Genera l Magazine3. In American literature, the eighteenth century was the age of the Enlightenment. _______was the dominant spirit.A. Humanism B Rationalism C Revolution D Evolution 4.________ usually was regarded as the first American writer.A.William BradfordB. Anne BradstreetC.Emily DickinsonD. Captain John Smith 5..Which is not Irving‘s works in the following.A. The Sketch BookB. Tales of a Traveller C .A History of New York D To A Waterfowl 6. Choose Freneau‘s poem from the following.A. The RavenB. To a WaterfowlC. To HellenD. The wild Honey Suckle7. In 1817, the stately poem called Thanatopsis introduced the best poet___to appear in America up to that time.A. Edward TaylorB. Philip FreneauC. William Cullen BryantD. Edgar Allan Poe pared with his contemporaries, _________was no doubt the best in exploring the wildness and frontier in fiction.A. Washington IrvingB. James Fenimore CooperC. William Cullen Bryant D Philip Freaneau9. Washington Irving‘s ‘Rip Van Winkle‘ is famous for_________. A.Rip‘s escape into a mysterious valleyB.The story‘s German legendary source materialC. Rip‘s seeking for happinessD. Rip‘s 20-years sleep 10. Choose Poe‘s work from the followingA. The Day of DoomB.The Last of the MohicansC. The Indian Burying Ground D The Fall of the House of Usher 11.Choose Irving‘s work from the following .A. The Sketch BookB. ThanatopsisC. The SpyD.The British Prison Ship 12._______ is the most commonly used in English poetry, in which an unstressed syllabl e comes first followed by a stressed.A. the trochaic footB. an anapestic footC. a quatrainD. a iambic foot 13. The Indian Burying Ground by___________ is the earliest poem which romanticizes the Indian as a child of nature.A. Washington IrvingB. Adgar Alan PoeC.Philip FreneauD.Nathaniel Hawthorne 14._______ is a poetic device used to increase the musical quality and link the lines and stanzas of a poem.A. meterB. repetitionC. rhymeD.foot15.Poetry is aimed at conveying and enriching human experience which is formed throu gh sense impressions. _____ is the representation of sense experience through language. A . meter B. image C. theme D. assonance16. In American literature, the 18th century was the age of Enlightenment. ______ was the dominant.院系： 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：装 订 线A. humanismB. rationalismC. romanticismD. evolution17. The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is taken from Irving’s work named ______.A. The Leatherstocking TalesB. The Sketch BookC. The AutobiographyD. The History of New York18. Which of the following is not the characteristic of American Romanticism?A. RationalismB. inner selfC. personal feelingsD. individualism19.The short story “Rip Van Winkle” reveals the ____ attitude of its author.A. optimisticB. pessimisticC. conservativeD. ironic20. Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in___and ThoreauA. JeffersonB. EmersonC. FreneauD. Mark Twain21. Which is r egarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”?A. The American ScholarB. English TraitsC. OversoulD. Self-reliance22. ______ is the father of American Literature.A. Benjamin FranklinB. Philip FreneauC. PaineD. Washington Irving23. _____ was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club.A. ThoreauB. EmersonC. HawthorneD. Whitman24. Most of the poems in Whitman’s Leaves of Grass sing of the “en-mass” and the ____ as well.A. natureB. self-relianceC. selfD. life25. For Melville, as well as for the reader and ____, the narrator, Moby Dick is still a mystery, an ultimate mystery of the universe.A. AhabB. StubbC. IshmaelD. Starbuck26. The poem is written in free verse in 52 cantos with the theme of the universality and equality in value of all people and all things.a.Cantosb. The Ravenc. Song of Myselfd. Chicago27. The novel is about how a group of people on a whaling ship kill a great whale but themselves are killed by the whale, with the conflict between man and his fate.a.The Octopusb. Moby-Dickc. The Rise of Silas Laphamd. Leaves of Grass28. An English ship brought 102 people from Plymouth, England on September 16, 1620 and arrived in the present Provincetown harbor on November 21 in the same year. This ship was named ____________.a. The Pilgrimsb. Mayflowerc. Americad. Titanic29._______was the greatest woman poet in American literature and she wrote about 1,700 short lyric poems in her life time.a. Pearl S. Buckb. Harriet Bicher Stowec. Emily Dickensond. Walter Whitman30. ._________ is father of the detective story and of psychoanalytic criticism.a. Washington Irvingb. Ralph Waldo Emersonc. Walt Whitmand. Edgar Allan Poe31. In American literature, the eighteen century was the age of the Enlightenment. ——was the dominant spirit.A. HumanismB. RationalismC. RevolutionD. Evolution 32.——Which statement about Franklin is not true?A. He instructed his countrymen as a printer.B. He was a scientist.C. He was a master of diplomacy.D. He was a Puritan.33.Who is regarded as the first American prose epic.A. NatureB. The Scarlet LetterC. WaldenD. Moby-Dick34.The Romanic Period of American literature started with the publication of Washington Irving's ——and ended with Whiteman's Leaves of Grass.A. The Sketch BookB. Tales of a TravelerC. The AlhambraD.A history of New York35.The period before the American Civil War is generally referred to asA. the Naturalist PeriodB. the Modern PeriodC. the Romantic PeriodD. the Realistic PeriodIV. Identification of Fragments（本大题共有7个诗歌或小说选段，请选5个选段并回答其后的问题，答题时请先注明选段, 再回答问题。
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Fog
Carl SBiblioteka ndburgCarl Sandburg
Carl Sandburg (January 6, 1878 – July 22, 1967) was an American writer and editor, best known for his poetry. Sandburg earned Pulitzer Prizes for his collection The Complete Poems of Carl Sandburg and for his biography of Abraham Lincoln (Abraham Lincoln: The War Years).
Fog
The fog comes on little cat feet.
雾来了
轻轻地踏着小猫的脚步
静静地
It sits looking over harbor and city 它坐下观看 on silent haunches 观看城市和港口 and then moves on.
然后再重新上路
雾 雾至轻猫掌 躬身悄坐瞰 静港依夜城 稍息觅他方
Japanese Haiku
• This philosophy influenced poet Ezra Pound, who noted the power of haiku‘s brevity（简洁,短暂） and juxtaposed （与…并列）images. He wrote, "The image itself is speech. The image is the word beyond formulated language." • The influence of haiku on Pound is most evident in his poem "In a Station of the Metro," which began as a thirty-line poem, but was eventually pared down to two. • P138
Themes
Theme 1 City mystery and desolation
• In the 20th century, with the development of industrial revolution, people feel lonely and depressed in the materialistic world.
Writing Styles
• Contribution to colloquial style of American literature • Free verse • To be sound of the people 成为“人民的声 音”
FOG
这首是被认 为是典型的意象派 作品，由于经常被 选入各种诗集，人 们称此诗是“按字 数计算稿费拿得最 多的美国诗”
Japanese Haiku
• A traditional Japanese haiku is a threeline poem with seventeen syllables, written in a 5/7/5 syllable count. Often focusing on images from nature, haiku emphasizes simplicity, intensity, and directness of expression.
(2) 从意向角度解读
这首诗有着生活的艺术的美。透过诗歌语言符号 的表面，我们似乎可以这样理解：20世纪初期， 西方工业革命蓬勃发展，现代大都市日益繁荣， 资本主义世界里物欲横流，茫茫人海中，四顾 茫茫，人越发感到孤独。个性受到压抑，许多 人精神在流浪，灵魂在漂泊。何处是理想的栖 身之地？作者要寻求思想的解脱，内心重负的 释放，于是就用《雾》这首小诗来折射自己的 心境。当我们再一次读起它：“雾来了——蹑 着猫的细步。”内心就会有一种空灵的感觉， 就会更深地体验、感受它的优美。
（ ）
Theme 3 Man and nature
• The poet personifies the fog to accentuate(强调） the feeling of threat. The fact that the fog sits ―looking over the harbor and city‖ is quite frightening as it is emphasizing man‘s vulnerability(弱点，攻击) to the elements of nature. • Man has no control over the weather. Nature is beautiful but at times can be so cruel.
Thank you!
Theme 3 Man and nature
• The poet personifies the fog to accentuate(强调） the feeling of threat. The fact that the fog sits ―looking over the harbor and city‖ is quite frightening as it is emphasizing man‗s vulnerability(弱点，攻击) to the elements of nature. • Man has no control over the weather. Nature is beautiful but at times can be so cruel.
Tops for discussion
(P133)
• What is the similarity between the fog and the cat?
• How do you appreciate this poem?
（1）从猫于雾的共同点角度解读
诗人用猫的形象来表现雾，因为两者有许多共同点：其 一，来无影，去无踪。其二，匍匐前进。其三，来也匆 匆，去也匆匆。其四，神秘性。雾是我们日常生活中经 常可以看到的自然现象，但是，在我们脑海中，雾的形 象十分模糊、抽象、虚幻，我们不知道它的形态、色彩 等。猫是一种常见的动物，清晰、具体、真实，有极强 的视觉效果。因为雾的形象难以书写，诗人用猫坐的状 态拟状雾的形象。这样一来，抽象的、飘渺的、虚空的、 不可感知的雾便栩栩如生的呈现出来，虚感变成了实感， 抽象变成了具体。
Free Verse
Free verse is a modern form of poetry which does not follow any specific rhyme or metrical(有韵律的） scheme, although it does not completely abandon the basic poetic precepts of heightened language and Sonics. Walt Whitman
A. The fog comes on little cat feet.
• Poet personifies dead thing (fog) into the living creature (cat).
B. It sits looking over harbor and city on silent haunches(蹲着)
• Poem symbolizes the rapid changes in modern society, the mystery in big cities as well as the desolation in western society.
Theme 2 Life
• The fog represents the problems that one can have sometimes in their life.
(2) 从意向角度解读
桑德堡的小诗《雾》是在意象派影响下创作的.雾既象 征现代生活的瞬息万变,现代都市的神秘莫测,也象征 西方社会的荒凉景象.我们也可认为,这首诗展现了人 与自然、人与动物的矛盾.小诗《雾》充分体现了意象 派的创作原则.诗人对所要表现的事物"雾"不加解释地、 不加评论地予以直接陈述.诗的语言言简意赅,废除了 无益于表现的词和修饰性词汇.同时,这首诗极富音乐 性.诗人借助大自然的元素来影射现代城市的特征，以 冷眼看世界的纷繁。诗人的着眼点在自然景观，但真 正在意的并非是个人的得失或深奥这里的形成，而是 将体验的对象作为一个整体来感受时空的转变和人世 的变迁。
and then moves on
1.Similarities between cat and fog
quiet free mysterious
Three Characteristics
• Free verse & Colloquial words • Similar to Japanese Haiku • Influenced by Ezra Pound‘s Imagism
Review of Imagism
• Image is defined by Pound as ―that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time.‖