美国文学课件10The Literature of the Realistic Period 4
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《文学美国文学》PPT课件
因为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃是有罪的),
total depravity(人类是完全堕落的，所以
人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到
最好以取悦上帝), limited atonement (有
限救赎，只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上
帝的拯救)
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American Puritanism
Features of American Puritan
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2. Early American Puritan Writers
• John Smith, one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown: His descriptions about the new world became the source of information for the later settlers.
Exercise
Colonial period and Revolutionary period Early Romanticism Transcendentalism Late Romanticism
The age of Realism
Irving Franklin Cooper Emerson Hawthorne Twain James Dreiser Melville Thoreau
himself to writing Amh erican subject
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2. Evaluation. (Benjamin Franklin1706 – 1790)
1) He was a rare genius in human history. Everything seems to meet in this one man, mind and will, talent and art, strength and ease, wit and grace, and he became almost everything: a printer, postmaster, citizen, almanac maker, essayist, scientist, inventor, statesman, philosopher, political economist and ambassador.
美国文学课件2The Literature of the Revolutionary Period
Philadephia; – University of Pennsylvania; – American Philosophical Society; – The postal system
Franklin’s contributions to science
– Inventions : Franklin stove, effective street lighting, bifocal glasses, a miniature printing press, efficient heating devices and lightning-rod
A scientist
philanthropist
diplomat
1. Franklin’s Accomplishments
Franklin’s contributions to American institutions
– Pennsylvania Hospital; – America’s first circulating library in
美国文学课件2The Literature of the Revolutionary Period
Ⅰ. Historical Overview
The establishment of independent nationhood and federation
– The War of Independence (1775-1783) – The Declaration of Independence; the treaty of
– Declination of Puritan influences
பைடு நூலகம்
Ⅱ. Benjamin Franklin (17061790)
Franklin’s contributions to science
– Inventions : Franklin stove, effective street lighting, bifocal glasses, a miniature printing press, efficient heating devices and lightning-rod
A scientist
philanthropist
diplomat
1. Franklin’s Accomplishments
Franklin’s contributions to American institutions
– Pennsylvania Hospital; – America’s first circulating library in
美国文学课件2The Literature of the Revolutionary Period
Ⅰ. Historical Overview
The establishment of independent nationhood and federation
– The War of Independence (1775-1783) – The Declaration of Independence; the treaty of
– Declination of Puritan influences
பைடு நூலகம்
Ⅱ. Benjamin Franklin (17061790)
美国文学2
Henry James’s Major Works
Daisy Miller (1878) The Portrait of a Lady (1881) The Wings of the Dove (1902) The Ambassadors (1903) The Golden Bowl (1904)
Characteristics of Mark Twain’s Works
•
•
His works sum up the tradition of Western humor and frontier realism.
He writes about his people and his own life.
Am. Realism vs. Romanticism
objective view of human experience Idealized and poetic view of the world subjects taken from daily life abstract and ideal characters
3. Representative Writers: Howells, Twain, and James
1. Origin and Definition
• Originated in Europe in 1850s and entered American literature after the Civil War • Definition: ―Nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material.‖( W.D. Howells) • Realism VS. Romanticism: a reaction against Romanticism
美国文学课件 10
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Sinclair Lewis was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize for Main Street and Babbitt, and won the award for Arrowsmith (although he turned it down). Arrowsmith (1925) satirizes the medical profession. Elmer Gantry (1927) attacks hypocritical religious revivalism. Dodsworth (1929), a more mellow work, is a sympathetic picture of a wealthy American businessman in Europe; it was successfully dramatized by Lewis and Sidney Howard in 1934. During his lifetime he published 22 novels, and it is generally agreed that his later novels are far less successful than his early fiction. Among his later works are It Can’t Happen Here (1935), Cass Timberlane (1945), Kingsblood Royal (1947), and World So Wide (1951). From 1928 to 1942 Lewis was married to Dorothy Thompson (1894–1961), a distinguished newspaperwoman and foreign correspondent. He died in Rome in 1951.
美国文学课件1The Literature of the Colonial Period
in 1492 Controversial reputation
“The New World” in 1503
The “fourth part” of the world on his 1507 world map
Amerigo Vespucci
Martin Waldseemuller
The diverse discoveries of America: • Cultural pluralism in the US • The American spirit: discovery
1. Colonial and Revolutionary Period (early 17th century—end of 18th century)
2. American Romanticism (first half of 19th century) 3. The Age of Realism (after the civil war—end of 19th
2. American Puritanism The story of the Puritans The first landing of the Pilgrims, 1620
In 1620, a tiny ship called the “May flower” sailed from England for the New world, with 102 passengers. 50% were Pilgrims. Landed in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts on the fourth Thur. in Nov. (Thanksgiving Day)
Requirements
“The New World” in 1503
The “fourth part” of the world on his 1507 world map
Amerigo Vespucci
Martin Waldseemuller
The diverse discoveries of America: • Cultural pluralism in the US • The American spirit: discovery
1. Colonial and Revolutionary Period (early 17th century—end of 18th century)
2. American Romanticism (first half of 19th century) 3. The Age of Realism (after the civil war—end of 19th
2. American Puritanism The story of the Puritans The first landing of the Pilgrims, 1620
In 1620, a tiny ship called the “May flower” sailed from England for the New world, with 102 passengers. 50% were Pilgrims. Landed in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts on the fourth Thur. in Nov. (Thanksgiving Day)
Requirements
世纪美国文学课件
➢ Herman Melville – symbolist (Moby-Dick)
➢ Nathaniel Hawthorne (The Scarlet Letter)
the main theme –sin Hester has te wear letter A – means adulteress
➢ Walt Whitman (poet)
1. Free will 2. Humanity 3. Intuition 4. Individual conscience 5. It glories nature
➢ All transcendentalists were isolated people
➢ They lived in „Utopian Community“ – Brookfarm near Boston
2. Romanticism, Transcendentalism
➢ 1828-1865 The Romantic Period (Also known as: TheAmerican Renaissance) ➢ The Age of Transcendentalism 1865-
1900
3. Realism, Naturalism
➢ Washington Irving – he wrote about Am. Life, biography of G. Washington
➢ James Fenimore Cooper – The Last of the Mohicans
➢ Edgar Allan Poe
E.A.Poe (1809-1849)
1939-present 1950s 1960s, 1970s The Contemporary Period:
➢ Nathaniel Hawthorne (The Scarlet Letter)
the main theme –sin Hester has te wear letter A – means adulteress
➢ Walt Whitman (poet)
1. Free will 2. Humanity 3. Intuition 4. Individual conscience 5. It glories nature
➢ All transcendentalists were isolated people
➢ They lived in „Utopian Community“ – Brookfarm near Boston
2. Romanticism, Transcendentalism
➢ 1828-1865 The Romantic Period (Also known as: TheAmerican Renaissance) ➢ The Age of Transcendentalism 1865-
1900
3. Realism, Naturalism
➢ Washington Irving – he wrote about Am. Life, biography of G. Washington
➢ James Fenimore Cooper – The Last of the Mohicans
➢ Edgar Allan Poe
E.A.Poe (1809-1849)
1939-present 1950s 1960s, 1970s The Contemporary Period:
美国文学史概论之四：现实主义文学
• Other abolitionists: William Lloyd Garrison, Henry Highland Garnet, Wendell Phillips, Thomas Higginson, William W. Brown ( Narrative of William W. Brown, a Fugitive Slave)
• Edgar Lee Masters and his Spoon River Anthology
• Amy Lowell, A Dome of Many-Colored Glass,
•
Sword Blades and Poppy Seed, “Autumn Haze”
• Paul Hamilton Hayne,“Southern Laureate”, Midsummer in the South
• Charles Waddell Chesnutt, The Conjure Woman(1899), The Goophered Grapevine, The House behind the Cedars(1900)
• Paul Laurence Dunbar, poetry: “The Colored Soldiers”,“When Dey Listed Colored Soldiers’;Fiction: The Lynching of Jube Benson, The Sport of the Gods
IV. The Realistic Period (1865-1914)
4.4 The Rise of: Bayou Folk,1894; A Night in Acadie,1897; The Awakening,1899; “The Story of an Hour” “The Storm”
美国文学史概论之四：现实主义文学
IV. The Realistic Period (1865-1914)
4.6 Literary Criticism in the early 20th Century
• New Humanism: • Irving Babbitt: Literature and the American College,1908; The Laocoon,1910; The Masters of Modern French Criticism,1912; The Critic and American Life, 1932. • Paul Elmer More: Shelburne Essays,1904-21; New Shelburne Essays, 1928-36. • Radical Critics: • Henry Louis Mencken: The Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche,1908 Prejudices, 1919-27; The American Language, 1919; Notes on the Democracy, 1926. • Van Wyck Brooks: The Malady of the Ideal,1913; The America’s Coming of Age, 1915; Letters and Leadership,1918; The Ordeal of Mark Twain,1920; The Pilgrimage of Henry James,1925. • Others: • James Gibbons Huneker, Iconoclasts: A Book of Dramatists,1905; Egoists: a Book of Supermen, 1909; Promenades of an Impressionist, 1910. • Joel Elias Spingarn, History of Literary Criticism in the Renaissance, 1899; The New Criticism, 1911.
美国文学课件(大学版本)NO.2
4.1 Historical Introduction
(1) The Civil War (1861 – 1865) • 1860 Abraham Lincoln supports the abolishment of slavery • 1865 Southern army surrendered (2) Industrialization • American economy developed very fast.
“The Gilded Age”
An age of excess and extremes, of decline and progress, of poverty and dazzling wealth, of gloom and buoyant hope.
这是一个没有节制、充满极 端的年代，一个倒退与进步 共生的年代，一个贫穷和富 有共存的年代，一个郁闷和
Theme of ―Leaves of Grass‖
• In this giant work, openness, freedom, and above all, individualism are all that concerned him. Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass sing of the ―en-masse‖ and the self as well. Whitman extols the ideals of equality and democracy and celebrates the dignity, the selfreliant spirit and the joy of the common man.
Theme of ―Leaves of Grass‖