初中英语 句子的基本结构和类型讲解、练习

一．句子成分

①句子一般由两个部分组成：

主语部分（ subject group）

谓语部分（ predicate group）

②句子成分

（1）S --- subject 主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词或从句担任,常置于句首。

I like football.

The boy needs a pen.

（2）V——Verb

INO=Indirect Object(间接宾语);

DO=Direct Object(直接宾语);

谓语动词：说明主语的动作或状态。由动词担任。常置于主语后。

The train leaves at 6 o’clock.

I want a ticket.

（3）O --- object 宾语：表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。

He won the game. On the desk

Tome lost his life in the big fire.

（4）P --- predicative 表语

1、用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。

He is a student.

2、除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，

1)表感官的动词:feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。

2) 表转变变化的动词:become, get, grow, turn, go,等

3)表延续的动词

remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。

（5）Attri.---attribute 定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。

The black bike is mine.

说明

1：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything ,everything , something 等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语

我告诉他一些有趣的事情。I tell him something interesting .

2：不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。

这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。The boys in the room are in Class Ten.

(6)Adv.--- adverb 状语：用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；

修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；

表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，

一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。

(7)Oc --- object complement 宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的情况。由n. /adj. /介宾/分词/不定式等担任。

They made him king.

I consider the book t oo expensive.

I am very sorry.

We often help him.

When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher .

（从句作时间状语)

练习一

1．句子成分判断：

A. 指出下列句中主语的中心词

1）The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

2）There is an old man coming here.

3）To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

B. 选出句中谓语的中心词

1）I don't like the picture on the wall.

A. don't

B. like

C. picture

D. wall

2）The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

A. get

B. longer

C. days

D. summer

3）Do you usually go to school by bus?

A. Do

B. usually

C. go

D. bus

4）There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be

B. meeting

C. the library

D. afternoon

5）Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?

A. Did

B. twins

C. have

D. breakfast

C. 挑出下列句中的宾语

1）My brother hasn't done his homework.

A B C D

2）People all over the world speak English.

A B C D

3）You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

A B C D

4）Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?

A B C D

5）They didn't know who "Father Christmas " really is.

A B C D

D. 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

1）She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

A B C D

2）He asked her to take the boy out of school.

A B C D

3）She found it difficult to do the work.