高一英语暑假精品课(译林版2020必修第一册)unit4语法讲解

高一英语暑假精品课（译林版2020必修第一册）
unit4语法讲解
1．初步掌握必修一第四单元的语法知识点-关系副词引导的定语从句
2．能够运用该单元的语法正确做题
Unit 4关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词的基本用法
思考：同样是表示地点的先行词，为何有时候用关系代词that, which，有时候用关系副词where?同样是表示时间的先行词，为何有时候用关系代词that, which，有时候用关系副词when?请对比以下几组句子：
I have found the factory that / which he visited last week.
I have found the factory where he stayed last week.
The days that / which I spent there are unforgettable.
The days when I stayed there are unforgettable.
The reason that / which he told me for his being late is that he got up late.
The reason why he was late is that he got up late.
说明:当引导词在定语从句中作主语,宾语或表语时,尽管先行词是时间名词,地点名词或表示原因的名词, 我们仍然使用关系代词that, which。

这主要根据从句中的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。

重难点：
一)、由介词+which / whom 引导的定语从句
介词一般由定语从句的动词而定。

He is the boy whom / who / that we are talking about
The pen which /that I wrote the article with is gone.
几种特殊的情况：
a. 由when, where, why 引导的定语从句常常可以替换成“介词 + which / whom的形式”：
when = in / on / at which, where = in / on / at +which, why = for which
b. whose+ n.= the+ n. + of whom / which = of whom / which + the + n. 如：
whose father = the father of whom = of whom the father
whose window = the window of which =of which the window
c. 由介词短语+whom/which 引起的定语从句
d. 数词/代词+介词+which/ whom 引起的定语从句
I have some books, one of which is in English.
She has many friends, all of whom are in the same class.
(比较：She has many friends. All of them are in the same class.)
但有些短语动词中的介词不能提前，因为其短语拆开后完全改变了原来的意思。

This is the book that / which I’m looking for
There are many patients that the nurses look after.
二)、the way 作先行词的定语从句
以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。

如：
The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问
题的方式令人惊奇。