最新高中英语：句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习-学案(1)
英语划分句子成分精讲和练习题
句子句子从目的上分：1.陈述句2疑问句1）一般疑问句2）选择疑问句3）反意疑问句4）特殊疑问句5）双重疑问句3．祈使句4．感叹句句子从结构上分：1．简单句2．并列句（并列复合句）3．复合句（主从复合句）1）名词性从句：（1）主从(2) 宾从(3)表从(4)同从2）形容词性从句定从（限定性的定语从句和非限定性的定语从句）3) 副词性从句（状从）简单句的五种基本句型subject）: 是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。
The sun rises in the east.（名词）He likes dancing.（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher.（名词）？Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep.（形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost.（形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）feel（感觉）...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you.（动名词）I hope to see you again.（不定式）Did you write down what he said（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾3间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词）We found nobody in.( 副词)Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）（过去分词）He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world. （数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby inher arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）（定语从句）v., adj., adv., or 句子。
(2021年整理)高中英语句子成分讲解与练习
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句子成分(Members of a Sentence)什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分.在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。
句子成分由词或词组充当.现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject）、谓语(predicate）、表语(predicative）、宾语(object）、定语（attribute）、状语（adverbial）和补语（complement).英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下:一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二: ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四: ＳＶｏＯ (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）主语:可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy)，主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等.主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。
不及物动词（vi。
）没有宾语，形成主谓结构,如：We come。
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
高中英语句子成分和结构讲解课件
高中英语句子成分和结构讲解课件一、教学内容二、教学目标1. 理解并掌握句子成分的定义与功能，能够正确分析句子成分；2. 掌握不同类型的句子结构，并能够运用到实际语境中；3. 提高学生的句子分析和应用能力，为日后的英语学习打下坚实基础。
三、教学难点与重点教学难点：句子成分的辨析及句子结构的运用。
教学重点：句子成分的定义与功能，不同类型句子结构的掌握。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教师准备：PPT课件、黑板、粉笔、教学案例；2. 学生准备：笔记本、教材、文具。
五、教学过程1. 导入：通过展示一段英语视频，让学生关注句子成分和结构在日常交流中的应用，激发学习兴趣。
2. 讲解：详细讲解句子成分的定义与功能，以及不同类型的句子结构，结合教材案例进行分析。
3. 实践情景引入：设置不同场景，让学生运用所学知识进行句子成分分析和结构归类。
4. 例题讲解：针对教学难点，选取典型例题进行讲解，帮助学生巩固所学知识。
5. 随堂练习：布置相关练习题，让学生在课堂上即时巩固所学内容。
六、板书设计1. 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语；2. 句子结构：简单句、并列句、复合句、复杂句；3. 教学案例及例题解析。
七、作业设计1. 作业题目：2. 答案：（1）主语：The beautiful girl；谓语：is；宾语：my sister；定语：beautiful；表语：无。
（2）并列句。
（3）The boy in blue is playing soccer.八、课后反思及拓展延伸1. 反思：关注学生对句子成分和结构的掌握程度，及时调整教学方法，提高教学效果。
2. 拓展延伸：鼓励学生在课后阅读英语文章，分析句子成分和结构，提高英语综合运用能力。
重点和难点解析1. 教学内容的案例分析和例题讲解；2. 教学过程中的实践情景引入和随堂练习；3. 作业设计中的题目设置和答案解析；4. 课后反思及拓展延伸的落实。
一、案例分析和例题讲解在讲解句子成分和结构时，应选择具有代表性的案例和例题。
英语 句子成分讲解及练习
英语句子成分及结构句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。
一．主语：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
二. 谓语:I saw a girl.I love you.You should work hard.You had better take a bus.He is a handsome boy.He works hard all day.Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.He is writing a letter.I can do it.谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
2024年重要高一英语《英语句子成分及基本结构》精彩课件
2024年重要高一英语《英语句子成分及基本结构》精彩课件一、教学内容二、教学目标1. 理解并掌握英语句子成分的概念和分类；2. 学会分析句子结构，识别各种句子成分；3. 能够运用所学知识，构造不同类型的句子。
三、教学难点与重点1. 教学难点：句子成分的功能和位置、复杂句的结构分析；2. 教学重点：简单句、复合句、复杂句的基本结构及其运用。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教具：PPT、黑板、粉笔、多媒体设备；2. 学具：笔记本、教材、练习本。
五、教学过程1. 导入：通过展示一段英语动画视频，引导学生关注视频中出现的各种句子，进而引出本节课的主题——英语句子成分及基本结构；2. 知识讲解：详细讲解主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等句子成分的定义、功能和位置，同时结合实例进行分析；3. 例题讲解：挑选典型例题，现场演示分析句子结构的过程，引导学生学会识别句子成分；4. 随堂练习：发放练习题，让学生独立完成，及时巩固所学知识；5. 小组讨论：分组讨论复杂句的结构特点，每组派代表进行汇报；7. 课堂小结：布置作业，提醒学生课后复习。
六、板书设计1. 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语；2. 句子结构：简单句、复合句、复杂句；3. 重点、难点：句子成分的功能和位置、复杂句的结构分析。
七、作业设计1. 作业题目：a. The boy is playing basketball.b. I think he is a good teacher.c. If you study hard, you will pass the exam.a. 简单句b. 复合句c. 复杂句2. 答案：（1）a. 主语：The boy；谓语：is playing；宾语：basketball；句型：简单句。
b. 主语：I；谓语：think；宾语：he；定语：a good teacher；句型：复合句。
c. 主语：you；谓语：will pass；宾语：the exam；条件状语：If you study hard；句型：复杂句。
初高中英语语法衔接学案-词法、句子成分和结构
初高中英语语法衔接专题专题一十大词性简讲一、名词（n.）1.定义：表示人或事物名称的词叫名词。
e.g. Tom, scientist, doctor, feeling, Internet, Shanghai, animal2.名词的句法功能1) The book is well worth reading.2) He knew 6 languages.3) They elected him monitor.4) Is it a color TV?5) I watch a football match last night.二、代词（pron.）1.定义：代词是代替名词的词。
英语的代词按照其不同的含义与作用可分为9类：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，相互代词，不定代词，疑问代词，连接代词，关系代词。
2.分类单数复数1）人称代词主格：I, you, he, she, it we, you, they宾格：me, you, him, her, it us, you, them2）物主代词形容词：my, your, his, her, its our, your, their名词：mine, your, his, hers, its ours, yours, theirs3)反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselvesitself4)指示代词this, that these, those5)相互代词宾格: each other, one another所有格：each other’s, one another’s6)不定代词可数：each, one, many, (a) few, both, another, either, neither不可数：much, (a) little可数/不可数：all, some, none, such, any, other复合不定代词：anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, nobody,nothing, everybody, everyone, everything7)疑问代词：who, whom, whose, which, what8)连接代词：who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ver), which(ever), what(ever)9)关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as三、形容词（adj.）1.定义：形容词用于修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质和特征，在句中可作：定语、表语、补语或状语。
高中英语语法---句子成分学案(无答案)
句子成分姓名：_____________ 句子一般可以分成几个部分，每个部分在句中具有一定的功能，称为句子成分。
句子成分可分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。
1. 主语（Subject）主语是句子的__________，是一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。
一般由__________、__________、__________、__________（不定式、动名词）或名词性从句中的__________从句充当。
请用下划线标出句子的主语，并在空格处写明其词类。
1) The pane has just taken off at the airport. __________2) They are students from the United States. __________3) Twelve divided by three is four. __________4) It's bad manners to spit in public. ___________5) Playing football is my hobby. __________6) What they said seems reasonable. __________2. 谓语（Predicate）谓语是对句子主语加以说明，提供有关信息的部分。
谓语通常由动词(__________Link Verb，__________Transitive Verb或__________Intransitive Verb)充当，位于主语之后。
Eg. The man dived deep in the sea.We will have a medical examination next week.谓语动词不只限于单个动词，也可以是__________。
Eg. He has been away from home for months.句子一般都必须有谓语动词。
十大词性-句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习(附答案)
十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习一、新课导入个体名词集体名词普通名词 物质名词1.名词 抽象名词专有名词功能：表示人或事物的名称人称代词： 主格 宾格 〔注意it 的用法〕物主代词： 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词指示代词：this, that, these, those单数：myself`, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself反身代词：复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves2.代词疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which.简单不定代词：One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ everyanother, other, the other, others, the others复合不定代词： somebody, anybody, nobody不定代词 someone, anyone, no onesomething, anything, nothingeverybody, everyone, everything功能：用来代替名词、形容词或数词等3.数词： 基数词 序数词 功能：表数量或顺序4.冠词： 定冠词 不定冠词 零冠词 //功能：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物表地点：at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath ….表时间： in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind,5.介词： 表运动： across/ through/ over/ pass …表方位：….其他功能：用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系6．形容词：平级、比较级、最高级功能：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特性、性质7. 副词：平级、比较级、最高级功能：用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作或形状的特性并列连词：and/ both/ or/ not only…but also, but/however/ yet/ still/ while…8. 连词：从属连词: if/ unless, because/as/ since, although/though…功能：用来连接词、短语或句子实义动词〔vi./vt.〕系动词助动词9. 动词：情态动词不定式〔to do〕非谓语动词分词: 现在分词〔-ing〕和过去分词〔-ed〕动名词〔-ing〕功能：表示人或事物的动作或状态10. 感慨词：oh ah well…功能：表示说话时的感情或口气课前小测：1.句子成分摸底测试：（1）指出以下句子划线部分是句子的什么成分？1)The students got on the school bus.2)He handed me the newspaper.3)I shall answer your questions after class.4)What a beautiful Chinese painting!5)They went hunting together early in the morning.（2）判断以下句子是简单句并列句还是复合句？1)We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2)The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3)There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?4)My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning.5)He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.二：新课讲解：〔一〕句子成分七种句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语〔直接宾语、间接宾语〕、定语、状语、补语、表语等。
【高考英语总复习】外研版课件：学案(一) 万变不离其宗的 5种基本句式
课时提能训练
Ⅰ.根据要求补全句子 1．我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语＋谓语＋宾 语，“特殊疑问词＋不定式”作宾语) We haven't decided when to discuss the problem again .
2．每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主语＋谓语＋宾 语＋宾语补足语) Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 3．奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个很有趣的故事。(主语＋谓语＋间接 宾语＋直接宾语) My granny told me a very interesting story last night.
4．这个旅馆给我们提供了很好的服务。 The hotel offered us good service.(主语＋谓语＋间接宾语
＋直接宾语)
5．他们总是将房间保持得很整洁。 They always keep the rooms clean and tidy.(主语＋谓语
＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
6．外国游客住在那里很方便。
are becoming more and Nowadays, afterclass activities ______________________ more popular in high schools. _____________
四、主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
该句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意 思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。 一般间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。 ①The purpose of my writing is to tell you that there will be an outing for us these days.(2017· 浙江高考应用文写作) 我写信的目的是想告诉你最近我们有一次郊游。 ②Now, on behalf of my schoolmates, I wish you a safe return.(2016· 天津高考书面表达) 现在，我代表全校同学，祝你们一路平安。
结构分析
(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
扩展： 主补：对主语的补充。 He
was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 ① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. ② He asked her to take the boy out of school. ③ She found it difficult to do the work. ④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. ⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
3、主+谓+宾(s+v+o) 在此结构中，谓语动词是及物动词。因此有宾语。 She saw a film. I like this book. (回顾前文谓语部分句子，判断主谓宾结构的句子)
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精品文档 精品文档 句子成分 主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句） 谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） （常见系词: be, sound（听）, look（看）, feel(摸)，smell（闻）, taste（吃）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名） We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式） Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词） 主补：对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词） We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词） The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句） 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 （以下例句按上述顺序排列） I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meetingroom. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. 精品文档 精品文档 Though he is young, he can do it well.
句子结构 简单句的五个基本句型 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches. 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 She likes English. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋主语补语 She is happy． 主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 She gave John a book． She bought a book for me. 主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry． The teacher asked me to read the passage. （ There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）
Exercises 分析下列句子成分 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city． 7. ---I love you more than her，child ． 8. Tees turn green when spring comes. 9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching 13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．16.We will make our school more beautiful. 17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know． 18. She showed us her many of her pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life. 20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. 21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany． 22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him． 23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month. 24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us to do. 26. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup? 28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him? 30. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow. 翻 译 练 习：