大学英语四级匹配题详解.docx

长篇阅读 — — 匹配题

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements

attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer

the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Passage 1 A) We are Paper — More than Meets the Eye

it is easy to forget

surrounded by so much paper and card that just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper

materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is

far more difficult to spot the grades.

B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured

for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card. C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose

（纤维素化合物） -based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses of which papyrus is an example and from where we get the

the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or

rags, with the bulk being wood-based.

Paper from Wood

D) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine

strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong

alkalies( 碱 ) such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is

into layers. made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from

wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to

give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.

E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that

is not cellulose. Something called lignin. This is essential for

the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paperback books will have a life of

no greater than fifty years, not what we need for our archives. F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper". The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications. It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is

going to be more expensive.

G) However, it is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his

supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our

valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their

demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials,

causing them to fade and in some cases simply vanish!

H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that

is unsuitable You cannot do it by simply looking,and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free"

might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it

is a neutral material at this time.But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right

conditions it will speed up enormously.

I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain

other materials added during manufacture such as bleach,china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and

it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will

guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely

sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material

then this is probably the only way.

J)Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining

old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to

guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end.

Paper from Rag

K) Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste.This has the advantage of being lignin-free,but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees,it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable source

though,since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives.

L) A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest.Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.

M) The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot

rely on purchasing archival materials from the high street.The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost

rather more, but in the end you will know that your important and

valuable data and images have the best home possible.

1. The corn-flake packet is cheaper than high grade card.

2. There are a lot of materials which can be used

for making paper, but the superior ones are soft wood, cotton and rags.

3.During the whole manufacturing process, the final product is made

from a pulp of cellulose fibres.

4.In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add bleach.

5. Lignin is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break.

6.Manypaper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because leaving

the lignin will make more paper from a tree.

7.Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials.

8.If the lignin is removed from the paper, the paper will be more

expensive.

9.Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste can

also cost more money than wood pulp paper because there is much less

cotton and rag than trees.

10. What we can learn from“Paper from Rag” is that you had better

buy archival materials from specialist suppliers.

文章精要：

本文主要介绍了我们平常所见所用的纸的复杂性，通过介绍用木头和破布

料造纸的过程，使我们对纸的类别、属性有了更深入的了解。

答案详解：

1.B 根据题干中的信息提示词corn — flake packet,high grade card,可定位到文章第二段，该部分最后提到corn-flake packet 在制造过程中比高等级的纸(high grade card)便宜 .

2.C 根据题干中的信息提示词soft wood ， cotton and rags ，可定位到文章

第三段最后一句。

3.D 根据题干中的信息提示词final product，可将答案定位到 D 段，第二、三句提到最后的产品来源于纤维素纸浆。

4.D 根据题干中的信息提示词white paper and card ，可将答案定位到 D 段，该部分最后提到为了得到白纸，纸张生产者在制造过程中添加了漂白粉和其他

化学物质。

5.E 根据题干中的信息提示词essential for the tree，可将答案定位到 E 段，该部分提到木质素是木头的主要组成物，其作用是凝聚纤维素，但它会使

纸张变得易碎。

6.F 根据题干中的信息提示词lignin ，可将答案定位到 F 段，该部分最后提

到许多纸张生产者在生产过程中会保留木质素，主要是因为它会增加树木的造

纸产量。

7.G 根据题干中的信息提示词acid ，可将答案定位到G 段，该部分最后提到酸对相纸的原料尤其不利。

8.F 根据题干中的信息提示词lignin 和 paper 可定位到文章的 F 段，因为该

段提到，如果在纸张的生产中去除木质素，将会降低树木出产纸张的量，由此

可以知道，去除了木质素的纸张价格必定会更加昂贵。

9.K 根据题干中的信息提示词cotton and rag waste可定位到文章的 K 段，该部分告诉我们，尽管用棉花和破布料造的纸里没有木质素，但它们要比木制

的纸贵很多，这是因为棉花和破布料的数量比树木少得多，由此可以得出答案。

10.M 根据题干中的信息提示词 Paper from Ra9可定位到文章的最后一段，该部

分提出最好到专业的供应商那里去买档案材料，由此可以得出答案。

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