Belarus： Ready for More Advanced Trade Cooperation with China
What_Has_the_Belt_and_Road_Initiative_Done_Right
What Has the Belt and Road Initiative Done Right?This article reflects on the achievements of and some negative voices on BRI projects.By HU BILIANGT HIS year marks the 10th anniversary of theBelt and Road Initiative (BRI). Over the pastdecade, visions have become realities. Eventhough we have a million reasons to cel-ebrate on such a memorable occasion, I suggest we take time to reflect.What should we think about? The BRI and its decade-long practice have given us much space to think. The main questions I have been pondering over are: What has the BRI done right? Why has it received the support and participation of so many countries and international organizations? Which aspects of the BRI have not done very well, causing some countries and people to misunderstand, or even deliberately distort, attack, confront, and sup-press it?Achievements over the Past Decade First of all, we can see the fruits of the BRI during the past 10 years from the following figures.As of January 6, 2023, China had signed more than 200 agreements with 151 countries and 32 international organizations for cooperation under the BRI. A batch of infrastructure projects had been implemented, a considerable number of which had been completed and put into operation, including the China-Laos Railway, Mombasa-Nairobi Railway,Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway, Karakoram Highway,Phnom Penh-Sihanoukville Expressway, MaputoKatembe Bridge, China-Maldives Friendship Bridge,Peljesac Bridge, Padma Bridge, Gwadar Port, Ham-bantota International Port, and Kyaukpyu Port.A number of energy projects, especially newenergy ones, have also been completed and putinto operation. They include Karachi Nuclear PowerPlant, Karot Hydropower Station, the Nam Ou cas-cade hydropower project, De Aar wind power proj-ect, Al Dhafra PV2 solar power plant, and Morocco’sNoor Tafilalt 120MW solar project.As international cooperation on productioncapacity deepens, many industrial parks have beenbuilt in developing countriesin Asia, Africa, Latin America,and Europe. Examples are theChina-Belarus Industrial Park,Thai-Chinese Rayong Indus-trial Park, Eastern IndustryPark in Ethiopia, and Siha-noukville Special EconomicZone in Cambodia. More andmore enterprises and busi-nesses from across the worldare building presence in these As international coopera-tion on production capac-ity deepens, many indus-trial parks have beenbuilt in developing coun-tries in Asia, Africa, LatinAmerica, and Europe.industrial parks.Besides, China and other BRI participating coun-tries have also jointly built a number of laboratories to carry out scientific and technological cooperation and research in desert control, modern agriculture, healthcare, marine biology, and new energy among other fields. The introduction of China’s hybrid rice into the African continent is greatly improving the grain yield in African countries. Chinese juncao mushrooms helped people of the South Pacific island countries shake off poverty and become rich. The China-Europe freight trains have been injecting new momentum to efforts in building stable sup-ply and industrial chains in the Eurasian continent. China’s Western Land-Sea Corridor now connects the country’s western region with more than 300 ports in over 100 countries.Over the past decade, Chinese enterprises have invested about US $1 trillion in BRI projects. The investment has directly or indirectly benefited a group of countries whose population accounts for 65 percent of the world total, as it rapidly improved basic infrastructure, such as water, electricity, and gas, as well as education and health care in these countries. As a result, local transportation costs have been lowered, the industrialization processhas been greatly advanced, and new job opportuni-ties have been created. All these achievements aredirectly conducive to the economic developmentof those countries and contribute to their efforts toalleviate poverty.At the same time, we also see that Chinese en-terprises have expanded their overseas investmentmarket through the joint construction of the BRI.The construction of major projects can also, to acertain extent, promote trade cooperation betweenChina and its partner countries. It is fair to say thatthe joint construction of the BRI has promotedcommon development of China and its partnercountries.How Were These Achievements Made?Based on my personal observation, the BRI hasdone at least three things quite right over the last 10years.First of all, it established a correct theme ofpromoting development. Building the BRI is aboutpromoting development through various ways, in-cluding developing infrastructure, energy industry,trade, industrialization, urbanization, agriculture,and the rural areas. It is also about development onthe national, regional, and global level.Economic development, both the foundation andfocus of the BRI, helps countries including China ac-celerate their modernization process. The BRI alsopromotes people’s all-round development and thedevelopment of society. All of this contribute to ef-forts to realize the United Nations 2030 SustainableDevelopment Goals.Second, it chose the correct implementation pathof starting with infrastructure construction. The BRIaims to build a better regional and global connectiv-ity network, allowing various production factors toflow more freely. This helps reduce business costs,and achieve more efficient interconnected regionaland global growth.Third, a correct institutional system has beenestablished. The system defines BRI’s ultimate goal,which is to build a community with a shared futurefor mankind. It also shows the BRI to be open andinclusive, follows the basic principles of extensiveconsultation, joint construction, and shared ben-efits, and adopts a cooperation approach featuring Economic deve-lopment, both thefoundation andfocus of the BRI,helps countriesincluding Chinaaccelerate theirmodernizationprocess.MODERNIZATIONA view from the 1915 Canakkale Bridge as the catwalk is be-ing removed in Canakkale, Türkiye, on June 18, 2022.government guidance, market orientation, enter-prises playing the leading role, pragmatic coopera-tion, and compliance with international standards. Why Are There Voices Against the BRI? Since the BRI is right in these key aspects, why is it that some countries and people still oppose it? First, there are some misunderstandings. For ex-ample, as for the theme of jointly building the BRI, which is to promote development, some coun-tries and people mistakenly believe that China wants to seek hegemony through it. For another example, we mentioned that the focus of effort in implementing the BRI is infrastructure construc-tion, which will facilitate free flow of production factors, and in turn, global common development. However, there are some people who mistakenly believe that China is practicing “debt-trap” diplo-macy and neocolonialism with the aim of control-ling other countries politically and plundering them economically.Since the BRI is only 10 years old, China hasn’t done enough in the study of international coopera-tion under the BRI and corresponding international communication. Some misunderstandings are un-derstandable, but it requiresChina to put more effort inthese areas and help the inter-national community correctlyunderstand the BRI.Second, there are voicesthat some BRI projects werenot well implemented. Forexample, some claim thatthere is a lack of informationtransparency in the imple-mentation, and some accusebusinesses carrying out BRIprojects of destructing the ecology or polluting theenvironment. There are also voices criticizing theBRI, saying its projects haven’t hired enough localworkers or female workers, or did poorly in laborprotection.I went on field trips to more than 20 BRI projects.I saw how they have helped participating countriesimprove local transportation conditions, increasedpower supply, promoted trade development andindustrialization, ensured food security, creatednew employment opportunities, reduced poverty,added export earnings, and improved educationand health services in these countries.These are the basic facts. Many BRI projectshave been completed and are currently operatingsmoothly, continuing to generate a positive impacton the aspects I have mentioned. At the same time,I did find some problems during my field researchas well.For example, I found that some projects couldhardly make ends meet after being put into opera-tion, creating significant financial pressure. Someindustrial parks, after they were completed, didn’tget the investment and supporting facilities asanticipated.Besides this, some environmental issues did ex-ist in some of the early BRI projects, which causedopposition from local villagers. Political instabilityand frequent policy changes in some countries alsoforced several BRI projects to halt, resulting in eco-nomic losses. Some projects were adversely affectedby changes in international geopolitics.Third, some countries oppose the BRI in theinterest of their own strategic goals, or even deliber-These are basic facts.Many BRI projects havebeen completed andare currently operatingsmoothly, continuingto generate a positiveimpact on the aspects Ihave mentioned.Crew from China and Indonesia participate in the construction of the Tegalluar Sta-tion of the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway (HSR) on July 1, 2023 in Bandung, Indonesia.ately distort, attack, and confront it.What Can Be Done?In the end, we must make an objective judgment on the construction of the BRI. In my opinion, we can improve the joint construction of the BRI in two ways.On the one hand, the Chinese government and enterprises should strengthen cooperation with host governments and local enterprises. While continuing to promote the economic development of host countries with BRI projects, they should pay more attention to promoting social development in the future.In particular, the implementation of BRI projects should help advance human rights protection in host countries, including improving local people’s rights to employment, education, and security, their environmental rights, digital rights, as well as the rights of women and children.On the other hand, infrastructure projects usu-ally need large investment and a long construction cycle, but generate low investment return, and are usually vulnerable to geopolitics and macroeco-nomic policies. Therefore, Chinese investors need to enhance their risk prevention awareness and take precautions.Chinese enterprises should guard against risks in political, economic, social, cultural, legal and other fields, so as to ensure the safety of their investment in BRI projects and their financial sustainability. In this way, the BRI can be translated into tangible benefits in a sustainable and high-quality manner. In conclusion, China and other participating countries and enterprises in the BRI should further strengthen cooperation. Drawing on the experi-ence and lessons from the past decade, they need to prove to the world with practical actions that the joint construction of the BRI has indeed promoted global common development, enhanced the liveli-hoods and well-being of people around the world, brought tangible benefits to all participants, im-proved the human rights of the people of various countries, and played a positive role in building a community with a shared future for mankind. CHU BILIANG is executive dean and professor of economics ofthe Belt and Road School of Beijing Normal University.On May 25, 2023, a group of 100 pupils from Laos take a special trip of friendship to Kun-ming, China, on the China-Laos Railway, before heading to Beijing on a high-speed train.。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：100
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Russia’s economy — until recently one of the fastest growing in Europe — is in dire straits. Traditional industries such as steel are hurting badly. The decade-long consumer boom has turned into a slump as unemployment soars. The government has cash to spend after years of sensible budget policies, but the central bank will be forced to keep interest rates high as long as inflation is stuck in double digits and trust in the ruble remains shaky.The reversal in Russia’s economic fortunes is particularly pain ful. Since 1998 — the year of Russia’s last financial crisis —the economy has expanded eight-fold. As oil prices rocketed, so did the country’s self-confidence. Not content with presiding over the economic boom, the President Vladimir Putin vowed to resto re his country’s great power status. Talks about a partnership with the West gave way to belligerent statements about a new Cold War. In the summer of 2008, Russian tanks trundled into Georgia. In early 2009, a dispute with neighboring Ukraine led Russia to cut off gas flows, leaving people in some European Union countries freezing and factories idle. Most Europeans want to see Russia stable and well-off. But they also believe that the economic crisis might bring opportunities for a political rapprochement. Some hope that the recession might just make the Russian leadership a little more humble or at least trigger reforms that would make it easier for the E. U. to strengthen trade and investment links.But while Russia’s relations with the U. S. have been th awing since Barack Obama took over the White House, E. U.-Russia relations remain frosty. Talks about a new bilateral treaty on political and economic cooperation have made little headway. Hopes for a free trade agreement between Brussels and Moscow have withered after Russia put its application for membership in the World Trade Organization on ice. E. U. -Russia energy cooperation remains stuck, which increases the risk of yet another gas crisis. Europeans have responded to Moscow’s ideas about constructin g a “new European security architecture” with a distinct lack of enthusiasm. Most importantly, perhaps, Russia is incensed about E. U. efforts to draw the countries that lie between the E. U. and Russia closer into its orbit. Russia has traditionally regarded Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova and other former Soviet states along its border as its “privileged sphere of influence”,in the words of President Dmitry Medvedev. The E. U.’s new “Eastern Partnership” initiative, launched in May, offers these countries econo mic integration and stronger political ties. Although the E. U. has shied away from talking about the prospect of membership,however distant, it hopes to help its eastern neighbors to become richer, more stable and more democratic. This would leave them better equipped to withstand Russian meddling and bullying.Moscow is particularly unhappy about the E. U.’s offer to include Belarus — traditionally a staunch Moscow ally —in the Eastern Partnership, albeit on the condition that Minsk improve its shoddy human-rights record. When the E. U. recently offered a multibillion-dollar loan to help modernize the Ukrainian pipeline system — conduit for 70% of Russian gas sales to Europe 一 Russian leaders were furious. Moscow has also tried to foil European attempts to build stronger energy links with Azerbaijan. Potential for conflict exists in Georgia, where E. U. observers are the only ones left after Russia force Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and United Nations’ monitors to leave Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Wary of ceding influence to Europe, the Russians have stepped up efforts to maintain their traditional fighting weight in the region. They have given large loans to neighbors hit by the economic crisis and sought to strengthen regional security and economic organizations that tie their neighbors closer to Moscow. They have also taken a more hands-on approach to “frozen conflicts” in Moldova and the Caucasus to keep neighboring governments on their toes.E. U. officials like to insist that its eastern policy does not clash with Russian interests in their common neighborhood. They have asked Russia to take part in some regional initiatives such as an effort to strengthen energy security. So far, though, Russia has refused to play ball. But the E. U. cannot simply pull back and allow Russia to dominate Eastern Europe. It must stick firmly to its objective of helping its neighbors to decide their own destiny. If Europe is to remain credible, there is no other course worth pursuing.1.Which of the following titles would best describe this article?2.Which of the following words best describes the tone of the passage?3.For the author, which of the following adjectives best describes President Putin’s attitude?4.What does the phrase “on their toes” m ean?5.For the author, which of the following should be considered a top priority to ensure peace and stability in Eastern Europe?问题1选项A.Europe and Russia’s Continental Rift.B.Russia’s Geopolitical Role.C.Financial and Economic Mayhem in Russia.D.Crisis Averted between Russia and E .U.问题2选项A.Argumentative.B.Satirical.C.Objective.D.Critical.问题3选项A.Diplomatic.B.Pugnacious.C.Pusillanimous.D.Infantile.问题4选项A.To render neighboring governments impotent.B.To weaken the resolve of the neighboring governments.C.To keep the neighboring governments on a state of constant alert.D.To gain the support of the neighboring governments.问题5选项A.The E.U. should acknowledge Russia’s pan European initiatives.B.Russia’s new se curity and energy initiatives will foster pan European cooperation.C.Russia must agree to promote bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.D.E.U. should acknowledge Russia’s pan European initiatives.B.Russia’s new security and energy initiatives will foster pan European cooperation.C.Russia must agree to promote bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.D.E.U. should acknowledge Russia’s pan European initiatives.B.Russia’s new security and energy initiatives will foster pan European cooperation.C.Russia must agree to promote bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.D.E.U. should acknowledge Russia’s pan European initiatives.B. Russia’s new security and energy initiatives will foster pan European cooperation.C. Russia must agree to promote bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.D.E.U. should acknowledge Russia’s pan European initiatives.B. Russia’s new security and energy initiatives will foster pan European cooperation.C. Russia must agree to promote bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.D. Bilateral contacts between Russia and individual E.U. member states reinforce rather than undermine common E .U. objectives.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】第1题:1.主旨大意题。
完形阅读课 -
阅读解题步骤
1. 先看题目，浏览全文 2. 分析信息, 合理推理 3.复读全文，抓住细节 4.解答问题，选定答案 5.再读全文，核对答案
The title and the pictures are very helpful.
Predict 预测
What will the passage probably talk about?
完形填空错题统计
Dear Miss Li, I’d like to thank you for sending money to “Animal Helpers”, an organization set up to help disabled people. You have helped make 16 possible for me to have “Lucky”, who has filled my life 17 pleasure. Let me tell you my story. Being blind, deaf, unable to walk or use your hands easily is something 18 most people can’t imagine. But there are many people who face these challenges, and I’m one of them. Because I can’t use my arms or legs well, normal things like 19 the telephone, opening and shutting doors or carrying things 20 difficult for me. Then one day last year, a friend of 21 said that she would like to help me out. She said she would talk to “Animal Helpers” to see if it would be possible for me to get a specially 22 dog. I told her that I love animals and that I’d love to have a dog. After six months of training with a dog at “ Animal Helpers”, I was able to bring him home. My dog’s name is “Lucky”--a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him. You see, I’m only able to have a “dog-helper” 23 your kind donation(捐款，捐赠物)! 24 does Lucky help me, you might ask? Well, he has been trained to understand different words, such as “upstairs” or “downstairs”. Lucky is an amazing dog. I’ll send you a photo of him if you like, and I could show you how he helps me too one day. And so I thank you again for supporting “ Animal Helpers”. Your donation is greatly appreciated and the money 25 to help disabled people like me. Best wishes, Liz Smith
The 40-year Anniversary of Reform and Opening-up
The -year Anniversary of Reform and Opening-upBy Lily Wonging the WTO to promoting the Beltand Road Initiative, China’s opening-uphas transitioned towards opening-up onall fronts. From the story of “the blackcat and the white cat”, to the focus onhard work, China has been achievingone miracle after another.In the past 40 years, China’s GDPhas grown from USD 0.3679 trillion in1978 to USD 82.7 trillion in 2017, with Copyright©博看网 . All Rights Reserved.ulated enthusiasm for start-ups. The vitality of market entities has increased continuously, which laid a foundation for economic development.The large number of newly-set market entities has promoted the growth of new industries and business models, which has provided new momentum for economic upgrading. In recent years, the number of service enterprises has in-creased markedly, especially in the realm of the high-tech industry, emerging ser-vice industry and “network+”. These new industries have provided new momen-tum to the replacement of old drivers with new drivers under the new normal.According to the 2019 Business Environment Report issued by the World Bank, China ranks 46th out of 190 economies in terms of business environment, up 32 positions. China now ranks 28th in terms of convenience for starting enterprises, up 65 positions a positive inf luence on world tradegrowth. According to the report ofWorld Trade Data and Outlook issuedby the World Trade Organization(WTO) in April 2018, China’s eco-nomic structural reform has extendedpositive influence over world economicgrowth. The WTO said that China’seconomic transition from invest-ment-led to consumption-led growthwill facilitate China’s sustainable eco-nomic growth in the long run and thuswill stimulate the growth of the worldeconomy. More importantly, as theworld’s largest developing economy,China’s economic transition and up-grading will provide reference and de-velopment models for other developingcountries, which will further providesupport for sustainable development ofthe world economy.With rising economic power,China has been actively involved intoFasulo, senior researcher of theBusiness Research Center of the ItalyChina Foundation, said that thanks toopening-up and reform, as well as deepcooperation with partners, China hasWith risingeconomic power,China hasbeen activelyinvolved intoglobal economicdevelopmentand governance.Copyright©博看网 . All Rights Reserved.。
Belarus-a
Position paperDelegate: GanluCountry: BelarusCommittee: Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal JusticeTopic A: The judicial standardization and norm application of anti-terrorism Terrorism is a dilemma against the survival of human-beings, posing a serious threat to world peace, economic development, social life and even human civilization by means of violence and cruelty. Now people all over the world are still suffering from terrorism. Acts of terrorism will take place somewhere in the world and a lot of innocent people will die. Terrorism has its root causes-despair, humiliation, poverty, political oppression, extremism and violations of human rights. Every country should focus on solutions to the problems of terrorism.Under the currency of further rampancy of terrorist crime which has a daily aggravating detriment, governments of every country and international society have intensified the effort of anti-terrorism through various punitive and protective measures have been maturing day by day. Though there is no universal convention aiming to entirely end national terrorist crime, the United Nations and related organizations have enacted and adopted some multilateral conventions aiming at special international terrorist crime, and the association of Organization of American States, European Committee, and association of Southeast Asian Nations has directed some regional conventions in the past. These conventions and laws formed a cooperation system against terrorism and became effective to some extent. However, under the constraints of the bipolar structure, this cooperation system enjoys rather limited universality and effectiveness. It not only always subjects to the confrontment between the West and the East, but also has difficulty to transcend the gap between North-South relations. A law that requires clear standardization and norm application is urgently needed for the safety of people and the world.Belarus firmly advocates the comprehensive convention with the same standardization worldwide. The convention should be adopted worldwide and can be practiced beyond the gap of the culture and religions of different countries and regions. A convention with the same standardization and norm application can help countries fight against terrorism more effectively and powerfully.Belarus also believes that a comprehensive convention that can effectively fight against the terrorism should be based on the protection of human rights. To implement anti-terrorism laws and regulations, all countries should first ensure the protection of human rights. Moreover, all countries should rationally deal with the relations between the comprehensive convention and the existing sectorial convention against terrorism. Many countries also argue on this issue. Belarus believes that all countries in the world should cooperate with each other to discuss the reasonable relations between the two. It is of great importance to anti-terrorism.。
马来西亚税收和投资指南-2016
目录
Contents
1.0 投资环境 Investment climate 1.1 经商环境 Business environment 1.2 货币 Currency 1.3 财经和融资 Banking and financing 1.4 外国投资 Foreign investment 1.5 税收优惠 Tax incentives 1.6 外汇管制 Exchange controls
马来西亚也在欧盟、挪威、瑞士、白俄罗斯、俄罗斯联邦和土耳其的普遍优惠制（GSP）中受 惠。
Malaysia also enjoys generalized system of preferences (GSP) privileges from the European Union, Norway, Switzerland, Belarus, the Russian Federation and Turkey.
Malaysia continues to play a leading role in world markets for some of its commodities: it is the leading producer of palm oil and one of the main sources of rubber. The country is also a producer and exporter of oil and natural gas and electrical and electronic goods, the latter of which accounts for 33% of total export value. 然而，为了提升国家经济进入更高的层次，马来西亚转向基于创新、创造和以知识为基础的 活动的新型经济模式。
欧盟(European_Union)英文介绍
Aim
To promote peace, the pursuit of citizens rich life, the realization of social and economic sustainable development, to ensure the basic values, strengthen international cooFra bibliotekeration.
EU
China
It will exert a certain pressure to increase exports to China, making it difficult for differences in export prices of Chinese enterprises strategy using and transaction exchange rate risk will tend to focus.
Geography
Most of the European Union is on the European continent. The EU covers less than half of the territory of Europe, significant part of the continent especially in the East (e.g. European Russia, Ukraine, Belarus) and smaller part in the North and Center are not part of the EU. The member states of the EU have land borders with 19 other nations. The EU's member states cover an area of 4,423,147 square kilometers.
英语缩略语大全
CEO：Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官BT: Bit Torrent 比特流，又名变态下载OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer 原始设备制造商BBS: Bulletin Board System 电子公告板/布告栏系统，国内统称论坛CIMS: Computer integrated manufacturing system 计算机集成制造系统DOS: Disc Operating system 磁盘操作系统ITS: intelligent transportation system 智能交通系统BRT: Bus Rapid Transit 介于快速轨道交通与常规公交之间的新型公共交通客运系统，是一种大运量交通方式，称为地面上的地铁。
NASDAQ: national association of securities dealers automated quotation 全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会API: air pollution index 空气污染指数CDMA: code division multiple access 码分多址；一种无线电发射和接受方式CD: compact disc 激光唱盘光盘SOS: 国际摩尔斯电码救难信号，非任何单词缩写。
鉴于海难事件频繁发射，由于不能及时发出求救信号和最快组织施救，结果造成很大的人员伤亡和财产损失，国际无线电报公约组织于1908年正式将它确定为国际通用海难求救信号。
XP: Experience 体验微软Office XP发布后，成为软件流行命名概念T/T: telegraphic transfer 电汇D/P: Document against payment 付款交单D/A: document against acceptance 承兑交单S/C: sales confirmationB/L: bill of lading 提单C.O: Certificate of origin 原产地证书GSP: Generalized system of preference 普惠制DL: Dollar EC/D: customs declarationFOB: 离岸价CFR: 成本加运费CIF: 成本，运费和保费O/H: overhead 企业的日常管理费用ID: document such as Identity card or driver’s license 身份证件网络上是身份识别号码的意思PS: Photoshop 图像处理软件DW: Dream Weaver 网络制作工具IP: Internet Protocol 网际协议为计算机相互连接进行通信而设计的协议ISP: Internet service provider 网络服务提供商DNS: Domain Name server 域名服务器DDN: digital data networkIE: internet explorer 网络浏览器LAN: local area network 局域网MAN: metropolitan area network 城域网WAN：Wide Area network 广域网WWW: world wide web 万维网IP地址：为了众多电脑主机在通信时能够互相识别，Internet上的每台主机都分配有一个唯一的地址，由32位二进制数组成，通常被分成4个8位二进制数。
七大洲及各个国家的英文名字+国际重要组织名称
世界七大洲及各个国家的中英文名字亚洲: Asia1、东亚：East Asia:中国：China 蒙古：Mongolia 朝鲜：North Korea 韩国：South Korea 日本：Japan2、东南亚：Southeast Asia:菲律宾：the Philippines 越南：Vietnam 老挝：Laos 柬埔寨：Cambodia 缅甸：Myanmar 泰国：Thailand 马来西亚：Malaysia 文莱：Brunei 新加坡：Singapore 印度尼西亚：Indonesia 东帝汶：East Timor3、南亚：South Asia:尼泊尔：Nepal 不丹：Bhutan 孟加拉国：Bangladesh 印度：India 巴基斯坦：Pakistan 斯里兰卡：Sri Lanka 马尔代夫：Maldives4、中亚：Central Asia:哈萨克斯坦：Kazakhstan 吉尔吉斯斯坦：Kyrgyzstan 塔吉克斯坦：Tajikistan 乌兹别克斯坦：Uzbekistan 土库曼斯坦：Turkmenistan5、西亚：West Asia:阿富汗：Afghanistan 伊拉克：Iraq 伊朗：Iran 叙利亚：Syria 约旦：Jordan 黎巴嫩：Lebanon 以色列：Israel 巴勒斯坦：Palestine 沙特阿拉伯：Saudi Arabia 巴林：Bahrain 卡塔尔：Qatar 科威特：Kuwait 阿拉伯联合酋长国（阿联酋）：United Arab Emirates (UAE) 阿曼：Oman 也门：Yemen 格鲁吉亚：Georgia 亚美尼亚：Armenia 阿塞拜疆：Azerbaijan 土耳其：Turkey 塞浦路斯：Cyprus欧洲：Europe1、西欧：Western Europe：法国France 爱尔兰Ireland 荷兰The Netherlands 比利时Belgium 卢森堡Luxembourg 英国United kingdom 摩纳哥Monaco2、中欧：Central Europe：波兰Poland 瑞士Switzerland 列支敦士登Liechtenstein 奥地利Austria 匈牙利Hungary 捷克Czech Rep 斯洛伐克Slovakia 德国Germany 斯洛文尼亚Slovenia3、欧洲南部：Southern Europe：葡萄牙Portugal 西班牙Spain 安道尔Andorra 希腊Greece 意大利Italy 圣马力诺San Marino 马耳他Malta 梵蒂冈Vatican 保加利亚Bulgaria 罗马尼亚Romania 塞尔维亚Croatia 克罗地亚Croatia 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那Bosnia and Herzegovina 黑山Montenegro 阿尔巴尼亚Albania 马其顿Macedonia4、北欧：Northern Europe：丹麦Denmark 挪威Norway 冰岛Iceland 芬兰Finland 瑞典Sweden5、东欧：Eastern Europe：乌克兰：Ukraine 俄罗斯Russia 白俄罗斯Belarus 立陶宛Lithuania 拉脱维亚Latvia 爱沙尼亚Estonia 摩尔多瓦Moldova非洲：Africa1、非洲东部：Eastern Africa：布隆迪Burundi 科摩罗Comoros 吉布提Djibouti 厄立特里亚Eritrea 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia 肯尼亚Kenya 马达加斯加Madagascar 马拉维Malawi 毛里求斯Mauritius 马约特岛（法国）Mayotte (France) 莫桑比克Mozambique r联盟（法国）Réunion (France) 卢旺达Rwanda 塞舌尔Seychelles 索马里Somalia 坦桑尼亚Tanzania 乌干达Uganda 赞比亚Zambia 博茨瓦纳Botswana 莱索托Lesotho 津巴布韦Zimbabwe 纳米比亚Namibia 南非South Africa 斯威士兰Swaziland2、非洲西部：Western Africa：贝宁Benin 布基纳法索Burkina Faso 开普Cape Verde 科特迪瓦CotedIvoire 冈比亚Gambia 加纳Ghana 几内亚Guinea 比绍Guinea-Bissau 利比里亚Liberia 马里Mali 毛里塔尼亚Mauritania 尼日尔Niger 尼日利亚Nigeria 塞内加尔Senegal 塞拉利昂Sierra Leone 多哥Togo3、非洲北部：Northern Africa阿尔及利亚Algeria 埃及Egypt 利比亚Libya 摩洛哥Morocco 南苏丹South Sudan 苏丹Sudan 突尼斯Tunisia4、中非：Central Africa：安哥拉Angola 喀麦隆Cameroon 中非共和国Central African Republic 乍得Chad 刚果共和国Republic of the Congo 刚果民主共和国Democratic Republic of the Congo 赤道几内亚比绍Equatorial Guinea 加蓬Gabon 圣多美和普林西比Sao Tome and Principe北美洲：North America巴哈马Bahamas 伯利兹Belize 美国United States 巴巴多斯岛Barbados 加拿大Canada 哥斯达黎加Costa Rica 古巴Cuba 萨尔瓦多El Salvador 格林纳达 Grenada 危地马拉 Guatemala 洪都拉斯Honduras 海地Haiti 牙买加 Jamaica 圣卢西亚岛St. Lucia 墨西哥Mexico 尼加拉瓜Nicaragua 巴拿马 Panama 多米尼加Dominican Republic 圣文森特岛Saint. Vincent and the Grenadines 特立尼达和多巴哥Trinidad and Tobago 安提瓜岛Antigua and Barbuda 波多黎各岛Puerto Rico南美洲：South America阿根廷Argentina 玻利维亚 Bolivia 巴西Brazil 智利Chile 哥伦比亚 Colombia 厄瓜多尔Ecuador 圭亚那 Guyana 巴拉圭Paraguay 秘鲁Peru 苏里南Suriname 乌拉圭Uruguay 委内瑞拉Venezuela大洋洲：Oceania澳大利亚Australia 纽西兰(包括库克群岛) New Zealand 巴布亚新几内亚Papua New Guinea 斐济Fiji 密克罗尼西亚Micronesia 瑙鲁Nauru 萨摩亚Samoa 汤加The Kingdom of Tonga 瓦努阿图Vanuatu 马绍尔群岛Marshall Islands 帕劳Palau 所罗门群岛Solomon Islands 基里巴斯Kiribati图瓦卢Tuvalu南极洲：Antarctica世界重要组织名称ANC (African National Congress) 非洲人民大会APEC (Asia and Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚太经和组织ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)东南亚国家联盟FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)联邦调查局CD (Conference on Disarmament) 裁军谈判会议，总部瑞士日内瓦CIA (Central Intelligence Agency )中央情报局CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) 独立国家联合体CMEA(Council for Mutual Economic Assistance)经济互助委员会(经互会)ECLAC（Economic Commission for Latin America and Caribbean）拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会，简称“拉美经委会”，总部设在智利首都圣地亚哥。
英语作文苏联解体了吗
英语作文苏联解体了吗The dissolution of the Soviet Union was a significant event that reshaped the geopolitical landscape of the late 20th century. The question of whether the Soviet Union has truly dissolved is complex and multifaceted, involving political, economic, and social dimensions.In December 1991, the leaders of three Slavic republics—Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus—signed the Belavezha Accords, declaring the dissolution of the Soviet Union and establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in its place. This marked the formal end of the Soviet Union as a political entity. However, the process of dissolution was not straightforward, and its effects continue to reverberate in the post-Soviet space.Firstly, while the Soviet Union ceased to exist as a centralized state, its legacy still influences politics and society in the former Soviet republics. Many of these countries continue to grapple with the challenges oftransitioning from a centrally planned economy to a market-based system. The dissolution of the Soviet Union also ledto the emergence of new states, each with its own national identity and geopolitical aspirations. Conflicts over territory, ethnicity, and resources have plagued several post-Soviet states, undermining stability and hindering economic development.Furthermore, the dissolution of the Soviet Union didnot eradicate all vestiges of its influence. Russia, as the largest successor state, has sought to maintain its sphereof influence in the post-Soviet space through various means, including economic partnerships, military interventions,and political alliances. The annexation of Crimea in 2014 and ongoing tensions in eastern Ukraine are stark reminders of the enduring geopolitical rivalries stemming from the Soviet era.Economically, the transition from communism tocapitalism has been uneven across the former Soviet republics. While some countries, such as the Baltic states and Georgia, have successfully implemented market reformsand achieved significant economic growth, others have struggled with corruption, poverty, and stagnation. The privatization of state-owned enterprises, often accompanied by insider deals and crony capitalism, has contributed to widening economic disparities and social discontent.Socially, the dissolution of the Soviet Union has reshaped identities and relationships within and between the successor states. The collapse of the Soviet ideology and state apparatus has created a vacuum that has beenfilled by a resurgence of nationalism, ethnic tensions, and competing historical narratives. Minority rights, language policies, and historical grievances have become flashpoints for conflict, undermining efforts to foster reconciliation and cooperation.In conclusion, while the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred in 1991, its effects continue to be felt in the post-Soviet space today. The legacy of the Soviet era, both positive and negative, shapes politics, economics, and society in the former Soviet republics. Whether the Soviet Union has truly dissolved depends onone's perspective: while it no longer exists as a unified political entity, its influence persists in myriad ways, shaping the dynamics of the region for years to come.。
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Ａ Ｂ△ △ ＱＲｓ ＥＱＲ …～ Ｒｅａｄｙ ｆｏｒ Ｍｏｒｅ Ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ Ｔｒａｄｅ Ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ ｗｉｔｈ Ｃｈｉｎａ
■ＢｙＳｕｎＹｏｎｇｊｉａｎ ＬｉＹｉｎｇｈｏｎｇ Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｗａｓ ｏｎｅ ｏｆｔｈｅ １５ ｍｅｍｂｅｒ ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ ｏｆｔｈｅ ｆｏｒｍｅｒＳｏｖｉｅｔ Ｕｎｉｏｎ．Ｉｔｈａｓ ａｃｈｉｅｖｅｄ １９９１．Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓｉｓｓｉｔｕａｔｅｄｉｎ ｔｈｅｃｅｎｔｅｒｏｆＥｕｒｏｐｅａｎｄｔｈｅ ｍａｉｎ ｄｒａｇ ｏｆｔｈｅ Ｅｕｒｏｐｅ－Ａｓｉａ Ｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔａｌ Ｂｒｉｄｇｅ．Ｉｔ ｔａｋｅｓ ｔｈｅ ｌｅａｄｉｎｇｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ ｍａｎｙ ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｏｒｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ＣＩＳ． Ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓｉｎｇ ｙｅａｒｓ，ｔｈｅ ｂｉｌａｔｅｒａｌ ｔｒａｄｅ ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ Ｃｈｉｎａ ａｎｄ Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｈａｖｅ ｗｉｔｎｅｓｓｅｄ ａ ｇｒｅａｔ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ，ｆｏｒ ｉｎｓｔａｎｃｅ，ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓ ｏｆ ＢｅｌａＦｕｓ，ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｔ ５ ｙｅａｒｓ，ｔｈｅ ＢｅｌａＦｕｓ—Ｃｈｉｎａ ｔｒａｄｅ ｈａｓｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｆｏｒ２．９ｔｉｍｅｓ，ａｍｏｎｇｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅｅｘｐｏｒｔｈａｓ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｆｏｒ ２ ｔｉｍｅｓ，ｔｈｅ ｉｍｐｏｒｔ ｈａｓ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｆｏｒ ．９ ｔｉｍｅｓ．Ｉｎ ｅａｒｌｙ Ｓｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒ，Ｃｈｉｎａ Ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ Ｔｒａｄｅ ｉｎｔｅｒ－ ｖｉｅｗｅｄＩｇａｒＢａｂａ￣ＴｒａｄｅａｎｄＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ Ｃｏｕｎｓｅｌｌｏｒｏｆ ＢｅｌａＦｕｓ Ｅｍｂａｓｓｙ．Ｈｅ ｓｔａｔｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｓｉｎｃｅ ｌ ９９２ ｗｈｅｎ ｔｈｅ ｄｉｐｌｏｍａｔｉｃ ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ，ｔｈｅ ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓ ｂｅ— ｔｗｅｅｎ Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ａｎｄ Ｃｈｉｎａ ｈａｖｅ ｗｉｔｎｅｓｓｅｄ ａ ｒａｐｉｄ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ，ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ ｉｎｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓ，ｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ ａｎｄｔｒａｄｅ， ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ ａｎｄ ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ，ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ，ｅｔｃ．． ｅ ｌｏｗｓ ａｒｅ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ ｏｆｔｈｅ ｉｎｔｅｒｖｉｅｗ． Ｂｙ Ｅｍｔｏｒ
Ｂｉｌａｔｅｒａｌ Ｔｒａｄｅ ｔｎｅｓｓｅｓ ６ｒｅａｔ Ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ Ｔｈｅ ｍｕｔｕａｌ ｈｉｇｈ—ｌｅｖｅｌ ｖｉｓｉｔｓ ｈａｖｅ ｅｒｅ— ａｔｅｄ ｎｅｗ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｂｉｌａｔｅｒａｌ ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｐｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔ Ｌｕｋａｓｈｅｎｋｏ ｈａｓ ｖｉｓ— ｉｔｅｄ Ｃｈｉｎａ ｆｏｒ ｉｎ Ｊａｎｕａｒｙ １９９５，Ａｐｒｉｌ １９９７、 Ａｐｒｉｌ ２００１ ａｎｄ Ｄｅｃｅｍｂｅｒ ２００５．Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ Ｐｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔ Ｈｕ Ｊｉｎｔａｏ ａｎｄ ｆｏｒｌＴｉｃｒ Ｐｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔ Ｊｉａｎｇ Ｚｃｍｉｎ ｈａｖｃ ｖｉｓｉｔｅｄ Ｂｃｌａｒｕｓ ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ． Ｔｈｅ ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ ａｎｄ ｔｒａｄｅ ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓ ｐｌａｙ ａ ｖｉｔａｌ ｒｏｌｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｂｉｌａｔｅｒａｌ ｔｉｅｓ．Ｃｈｉｎａ ｉｓ ｏｎｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｍａｉｏｒ ｔｒａｄｅ ｐａｒｔｎｅｒｓ ｏｆ Ｂｃｌａｍｓ．Ｉｎ ２００５．ｔｈｅ ｂｉｌａｔｅｒａｌ ｔｒａｄｅ ｗｉｔ— ｎｅｓｓｅｄ ａ ｎｅｗ ｂｒｅａｋｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ．Ｔｈｅ ｔｒａｄｅ ｖｏｌ— ｕｍｃ ｔｏｔａｌｌｙ ａｍｏｕｎｔｅｄ ｔｏ Ｕｓ￥７ １ ５ ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ． ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｇｒｏｗｔｈ ｒａｔｅ ｏｆ ６０％ｙｅａｒ ｏｎ ｙｅａｒ． Ｔｈｅ ｅｘｐｏｒｔ ｆｒｏｍ Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｔｏ Ｃｈｉｎａ ｉｎ— ｃｒｅａｓｅｄ ｆｏｒ ５０％．ｔｈｅ ｉｍｐｏｒｔ ｆｒｏｍ Ｃｈｉｎａ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ ｆｏｒ ８０％． Ｉｔ ｉｓ ｅａｓｙ ｔｏ ｓｅｅ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ ａｎｄ ｔｒａｄｅ ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｔｈｃ ｔｗｏ ｃｏｕｎ— ｔｒｉｃｓ ｈａｖｅ ｗｉｔｎｅｓｓｅｄ ａ ｒａｐｉｄ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ， ａｎｄ ｓｈｏｗｉｎｇｔｈｅｖａｓｔｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｉｎｔｈｅｆｕｔｕｒｅ． Ｄｕｒｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｒｅｃｅｎｔ ｙｅａｒｓ，Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ａｎｄ Ｃｈｉｎａ ｈａｖｅ ｍａｄｅ ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌ ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｐｈｅｒｅｓ ｏｆ ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ ａｎｄ ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ． Ｂｏｔｈ ｓｉｄｅｓ ｈａｖｅ ｉｏｉｎｔｌｙ ｓｐｏｎｓｏｒｅｄ ５００ ｉｔｅｍｓ ｏｆ ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ ａｎｄ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ， ａｍｏｎｇ ｗｈｉｃｈ ２００ ｈａｖｃ ｂｃｃｎ ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｅｄ． Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｈａｓ ｖｅｒｙ ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｔｉｃ ａｎｄ ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ ｆｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｗｏｒｌｄ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ．ｂｙ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｔｏ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ ｓｔｒｏｎｇ ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ ｔｏ Ｃｈｉｎａ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｐｈｅｒｅｓ ｓｕｃｈ ａｓ ｎｅｗ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ，ｗｉｒｅｌｅｓｓ ｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ ａｎｄ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｓ，ｌａｓｅｒ ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ａｎｄ ｅｃｏｌｏｇｙ， ａｓ ｗｅｌｌ ａｓ ｓｏｍｅ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｓｐｈｅｒｅｓ ｓｕｃｈ ａｓ ｍａｃｈｉｎｅｒｙ，ａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ｐｅｔｒｏｌ ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ｇｅｏｌｏｇｙ ａｎｄ ｆｏｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌ ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ，ｅｔｃ．． Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｉｓ ｖｅｒｙ ｗｉｌｌｉｎｇ ｔｏ ａｔｔｒａｃｔ ｔｈｅ
维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔ ａｎｄ ｌｏａｎ ｓｏ ａｓ ｔｏ ｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｅｎ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ ｉｔｅｒｎｓ ｗｉｔｈ Ｃｈｉｎａ，ｗｈｉｃｈ ａｒｅ ｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄ ａｓ ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｂｌｅ ｂａｓｅ ｏｆ ｌｏｎｇ ｔｅｒｍ ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ． Ｔｈｅ Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ．．Ｃｈｉｎａ ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓ ａｒｅ ｅｓ－・ ｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｂａｓｉｃ ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅ ｏｆ ｈｉｇｈ ｍｕｔｕａｌ ｔｒｕｓｔ．ｆｒｉｅｎｄｓｈｉｐ ａｎｄ ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ． Ｉｔ ｉｓ ｏｎｅ ｏｆ Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ’ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ ｄｉｐｌｏｍａｔｉｃ ｐｏｌｉｃｉｅｓ ｔｏ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐ ｔｈｅ ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓ ｗｉｔｈ Ｃｈｉｎａ．Ｃｈｉｎａ ｉｓ ａ ｆａｉｔｈｆｕｌ ａｎｄ ｅｖｅｒｌａｓｔｉｎｇ ｆｒｉｅｎｄ ｏｆＢｅｌａｒｕｓ． Ｇｒｅａｔ Ａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｓ Ｂｏａｓｔｅｄ ｉｎ Ａｔｔｒａｃｔｉｎｇ Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ Ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｒｍｅｒ Ｓｏｖｉｅｔ Ｕｎｉｏｎ，Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｗａｓ ｏｎｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｍｏｓｔ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ ｍｅｍｂｅｒ ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ．Ｉｔ ｈａｓ ｋｅｐｔ ｔｈｅ ｈｉｇｈ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｏｆ ｄｅ— ｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ ａｎｄ ｔｒｉｅｓ ｔｏ ａｄａｐｔ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｎｅｗ ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ．Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｈａｓ ｂｅｅｎ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ ｔｏ ａ ｌａｒｇｅ ｅｘｐｏｒｔ ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ ｏｆ ｈｉｇｈ—ｔｅｃｈ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ，ｄｕｅ ｔｏ ａ ｌａｒｇｅ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｏｆ ｈｉｇｈ—ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ｓｔａｆｆ ｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ ａｎｄ ｈｉｇｈｌｙ ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｅｄ ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ． Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｉｓ ａ ｖｅｒｙ ｐｒｏｓｐｅｒｏｕｓ Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｉｓ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇ ｉｎ ａ ｈｉｇｈ ｓｏｃｉａｌ ｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ，ａｎｄ ｔａｋｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅ ｏｆ ｈｕｇｅ ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａ１．Ｉｔ ｉｓ ａｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｄｉｐｌｏｍａｔｉｃ ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓ ｗｉｔｈ Ｃｈｉｎａ． Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｈａｓ ｖｅｒｙ ｇｒｅａｔ ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ ｏｆ ｆｏｒ＿ ｅｉｇｎ ｔｒａｄｅ．Ｉｔ ｈａｓ ｂｅｅｎ ｖｅｒｙ ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ ｉｎ ａ ｓｅｒｉｅ ｓ ｏｆ ｓＰｈｅ ｒｅ ｓ ｓｕｃｈ ａｓ ａｕｔｏ ｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇ，ｔｒａｃｔｏｒ ｍａｎｕｔａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇ，ａｇ— ｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ ｍａｃｈｉｎｅｒｙ ｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇ．ｍａ— ｃｈｉｎｅ ｔｏｏｌ ｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇ，ａｘｌｅｔｒｅｅ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ．ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｓ ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ｉｎｄｕｓ— ｔｒｙ．ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ．ｍｉｃｒｏ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｓ ａｎｄ ｉｎｓｔｒｕｍｅｎｔ ｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇ．ｏｉｌ ｅｘｐｌｏｉ— ｔａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ．ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ ｆｉｂｅｒ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ．ｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒ．ｐｈａｒｍａｃｅｕｔｉｃａｌ ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ，ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ，ｌｉｇｈｔ ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ，ｆｏｏｄ ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ，ｅｔｃ— Ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｈａｎｄ，Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｓ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｋｉｎｄｓ ｏｆ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ ｔｏ ｌ ４０一ｍｏｒｅ ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ Ｃｈｉｎａ，ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ ｋａ— ｌｉｕｍ ｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒ，ｍｉｎｅ ｌｏｒｒｙ，ｔｒａｃｔｏｒ， ｉｎｓｔｒｕｍｅｎｔ，ｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄ ｃｉｒｃｕｉｔ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｅｎｊｏｙ ｖｅｒｙ ｈｉｇｈ ｒｅｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎ． Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｈａｓ ｍａｎａｇｅｄ ｔｏ ｕｔｉｌｉｚｅ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌ ｐｏｌｉｃｉｅｓ ｔｏ ｃｒｅａｔｅ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔ ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ ａｎｄ ａｔｔｒａｃｔ ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔ．Ｉｔ ｏｆｉｅｒｓ ａ ｌｏｔ ｏｆ ａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｓ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｏｒｓ．ｆｏｒ ｉｎｓｔａｎｃｅ．ｔｈｅ ｆａｖｏｒａｂｌｅ ａｎｄ ｃｏｎｖｅｎｉｅｎｔ ｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃ ｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎ，ａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｏｕｓ ｎａｔｕｒａｌ ａｎｄ ｃｌｉｍａｔｅ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ，ｓｔａｂｌｅ ｓｏｃｉａｌ ａｎｄ ｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓ， ｓｔａｂｌｅ ｍｉｃｒｏ ｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ，ｌａｒｇｅ ｑｕａｎｔｉｔｙ ｏｆ ｃｈｅａｐ ｌａｂｏｒｓ，ｖｅｒｙ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃ ａｎｄ ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ，ｖｅｒｙ ｖａｓｔ ｄｏ— ｍｅｓｔｉｃ ｍａｒｋｅｔ，ｌｅｇａｌ ｓｏｃｉａｌ ａｎｄ ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ ａｎｄ ｗｅｌｌ ｏｒｇａｎｉｚｅｄ ｆｒａｍｅｗｏｒｋ，ｅｔｃ．． Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｉｓ ｓｉｔｕａｔｅｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｍａｉｎ ｄｒａｇ ｏｆ ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｎｇ Ｗｅｓｔｅｍ Ｅｕｒｏｐｅ．Ｒｕｓｓｉａ ａｎｄ Ａｓｉａｎ ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ．ａｓ ｗｅｌｌ ａｓ ｔｈｅ ｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒ－ ｔａｔｉｏｎ ｒｏｕｔｅｗａｙ ｏｆ ｏｉｌ，ｇａｓ，ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ，ｅｔｃ．， ｂｙ ｗｈｉｃｈ Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｈａｓ ｂｅｃｏｍｅ ａ ｎｅｗ ｐｌａｔ— ｆｏｒｒｎ ｏｆ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ ｂｕｓｉ— ｎｅｓｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ＣＩＳ． Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｈａｓ ｖｅｒｙ ｓｔａｂｌｅ ｉｎｆｌａｔｉｏｎ ｌｅｖｅ１． ｐｒｅｄｉｃｔａｂｌｅ ｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅ ｒａｔｅ，ｐｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌ ｔａｘ ｐｏｌｉｃｉｅｓ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｏｒｓ，ｖａｓｔ ａｎｄ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇ ｅｘｐｏｒｔ ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ，ｐｅｒｆｅｃｔ ｂａｎｋ— ｉｎｇ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ．ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ ａｎｄ ｉｕｓｕｒａｎｃｅ ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓ，ｅｔｃ．． Ｔｈｅ ｖｅｒｙ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃ ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｍｅｎｔｓ ｈａｖｅ ｈｅｌｐｅｄ Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｒｅａｌ— ｉｚｅ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌ ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ ａｎｄ ｄｅｖｅｌ— ｏｐｍｅｎｔ ｉｎ ｍａｎｙ ｓｐｈｅｒｅｓ．Ｆｏｒ ｉｎｓｔａｎｃｅ， ａｒｏｕｎｄ ３００ ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃ ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ ｏｒｇａｎｉｚａ— ｔｉｏｎｓ ａｒｅ ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ ｉｎ Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ．ｗｈｉｃｈ ｅｍ— ｐｌｏｙ ３００００ ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃ ｓｔａｆｆｓ，ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ ８０５ ｄｏｃｔｏｒｓ．Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ’ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ ｈａｖｅ ｗｏｎ ｗｏｒｌｄｗｉｄｅ ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ ｍａｎｙ ｓｐｈｅｒｅｓ ｓｕｃｈ ａｓ ｌａｓｅｒ ａｎｄ ｎｕｃｌｅａｒ ｅｎｅｒｇｙ ｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ， ｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｙ，ｏｐｔｉｃｓ，ｓｏｆｔｗａｒｅ，ｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ ｃｒａｆｔｓ，ｅｔｃ．． Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｈａｓ ｍａｎｙ ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｍｅｎｔｓ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｃａｎ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅ ｉｎ ｌａｒｇｅ ｑｕａｎｔｉｔｙ ａｎｄ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ ｅｎｏｒｍｏｕｓ ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓ．ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｄｏ— ｍｅｓｔｉｃ ａｎｄ ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｍａｒｋｅｔｓ ｖｅｒｙ ｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｖｅ．Ｉｔｓ ９０％ｏｆ ａｕｔｏｓ ａｎｄ ｔｒａｃｔｏｒｓ． ９０％０ｆ ＴＶ ｓｅｔｓ ａｎｄ ｐｏｔａｓｓｉｕｍ ｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅ． ８Ｏ％ｏｆｍａｃｈｉｎｅｒｙａｎｄｔｏｏｌｓ ａｒｅｆｏｒｅｘｐｏｒｔ． Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ａｎｄ Ｒｕｓｓｉａ ｓｈａｒｅ ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｅ ｃｕｓｔｏｍｓ．ｍｅａｎｉｎｇ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔ ｉｎ Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｗｉｌｌ ａｌｓｏ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐ ｔｈｅ Ｒｕｓｓｉａｎ ｍａｒｋｅｔ． Ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｍｅａｎｔｉｍｅ．Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｉｓ ｒｅａｄｖ ｔｏ ｂｕｉｌｄ ｔｈｅ ｃｕｓｔｏｍ ａｌｌｉａｎｃｅ ｗｉｍ Ｋａｚａｋｈｓｔａｎ． Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｈａｓ ｓｉｘ ｆｒｅｅ ａｎｄ ｓｐｅｃｉａｌ ｅｃｏ— ｎｏｍｉｃ ａｒｅａｓ．ｉｎ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｃｏｍｅ ｔａｘｅｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｃｉｔｉｚｅｎｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｖａｌｕｅ—ａｄｄｉｎｇ ｔａｘｅｓ ａｒｅ ｔｗｏ ｔｉｍｅｓ ｌｏｗｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｔｈｅ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｃｉｔｉｅｓ． Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｉｓ ａｌｓｏ ｔｈｅ ｏｎｌｙ ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ＣＩＳ ｔｏ ｌａｕｎｃｈ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔ ｌａｗ．ｗｈｉｃｈ ｉｓ ｖｅｒｙ ｈｅｌｐｆｕｌ ｔｏ ｃｒｅａｔｅ ａ ｓｔａｂｌｅ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔ ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ，ａｎｄ ｏｆｆｅｒｓ ｐｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌ ｐｏｌｉ— ｃｉｅｓ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｏｒｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｐｈｅｒｅｓ ｓｕｃｈ ａｓ ｆｉｎａｎｃｅ，ｃｕｓｔｏｍｓ ａｎｄ ｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｙ ｃｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎ． Ｔｈｅ Ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ Ｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔ Ｃｏｎｓｕｌｔａｔｉｖｅ Ｏｒｇａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ｓｐｏｎｓｏｒｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ Ｐｒｅｍｉｅｒ ｉｓ ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ ｖｅｒｙ ａｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ，ａｉｍ— ｌｎｇ ａｔ ｃｒｅａｔｉｎｇ ａ ｐｅｒｆｅｃｔ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔ ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ．ａｎｄ ｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｌｙ ｈｅｌｐ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｒ． ｅｉｇｎ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｏｒｓ ｆｉｎｄ ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｖｅｓｔ— ｍｅｎｔ ｉｎ Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ． Ｉｎ ｏｒｄｅｒ ｔｏ ｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｅｎ ｔｈｅ ＩＰＲ ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ，Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｈａｓ ｅｎａｃｔｅｄ ａｎｄ ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｅｄ ａ ｓｅｒｉｅｓ ｏｆ ｌａｗｓ ｓｕｃｈ ａｓ ｐａｔｅｎｔ．ｔｒａｄｅｍａｒｋ ａｎｄ ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅ，ｂｅｓｉｄｅｓ， Ｂｅｌａｒｕｓ ｈａｓ ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｅｄ ｉｎ ｓｏｍｅ ｉｎｔｅｍａ— ｔｉｏｎａｌ ａｇｒｅｅｍｅｎｔｓ．＠