职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-118
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-81
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-811、There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a record.【单选题】A.beatsB.maintainsC.matchesD.tries正确答案:A答案解析:运动员在奥运会上打破记录时总让人兴奋。
本题有一定难度，考察的是引申意义，beat的基本意义是“击打”，引申意义有“打破记录”的意思，和break是近义词，其他选项都是常用词汇，和答案意义差异大，最佳答案是A。
2、Happy Marriage, Happy HeartHappily married people have lower blood pressure than unhappily married people or singles, a Brigham Young University study says.On the other hand, even having a supportive social network did not translate into a blood pressure benefit for singles or unhappily married people, according to the study."There seems to be some unique health benefits from marriage. It's not just being named that benefits health-what's really the most protective of health is having a happy ____," study author Julianne Holt Lunstad, a psychologist who specializes in relationships and health, said in a prepared statement.The study included 204 married and 99 single adults who wore portable blood - pressure monitors for 24 hours. The monitors recorded blood pressure at random intervals and provided a total of about 72 readings."We wanted to capture participants' blood pressure doing whatever they normally do in everyday life. Getting one or two readings in a clinic is not really representative of the fluctuations (波动) that occur throughout the day," Holt Lunstad said.Overall, happily married people scored four points lower on the blood pressure readings than single adults. The study also found that blood pressure among married people, especially those in happy marriages dropped more during sleep than in single people."Research has shown that people whose blood pressure remains high throughout the night are at much greater risk of heart disease than people whose blood pressure drops," Holt Lunstad said.The study was published in the March 20 issue of the journal Annals (年刊) of Behavioral Medicine.The study also found that unhappily married adults have higher blood pressure than both happily married and single adults. Holt Lunstad noted that married couples can encourage healthy habits in one another, such as eating a healthy diet and having regular doctor visits. People in happy marriages also have a source of emotional support, she said.【单选题】A.marriedB.engagedC.linkedD.loved正确答案:A答案解析:本题难度不大，考查词义辨析。
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-75
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-751、PopulationThe advantages and disadvantages of large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited . To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population . Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify themOne of the difficulties in carrying out a worldwide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space andnatural resources, concern of government to plane a limit on the birth rate, whatever the consequences may be. In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment ____. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.【单选题】A.which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify themB.It has been argued that the supply of good land is limitedC.it will be the first concern of government to plane a limit on the birth rate, whatever the consequences may beD.Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smallerpopulationE.A small population may mean lower productivity, but a higher average incomeF.because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods正确答案:F答案解析:根据空白处前面的半句话可以找出在语义上和逻辑上都与之连贯的选项。
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-68
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-681、Nurse! I Want My MummyWhen a child is ill in hospital, a parent's first reaction is to be with them.Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep ____ with their child, providing a bed or sofa on the ward.But until the 1970s this practice was not only frowned upon (不赞同) —it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children would be upset when their parents left, and so there was a blanket (通用的) ban.A concerned nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed and her study "Nurse, I want my mummy!" published in 1974, changed the face "paediatric (儿科的) nursing.Martin Johnson, a professor of nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of nurses like Pamela had changed the face of patient care."Pamela's study was done against the background of a livelydebate in paediatrics and psychology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in hospital." "The idea was that if mum came to visita small child in hospital the child would be upset and inconsolable (无法安慰的) for hours. ""Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at all the child stayed in a relatively stable state but they might be depressed. " "Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope that mum was ever coming back.""To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no one should visit." "But children were alone and depressed, so Hawthorn said parents should be allowed to visit."Dr. Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, said her work had been seminal (开创性的)."Her research put an end to the days when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward.""As a result of her work, parents are now recognized as partners in care and are afforded the opportunity to stay withtheir children while they are in hospital, which has dramatically improved both parents' and children's experience of care."【单选题】A.soundlyB.overtimeC.fortnightD.overnight正确答案:D答案解析:本题有一定难度，考查词义辨析，考察副词overnight的用法，文章此处是说“大多数医院都允许父母陪孩子过夜”，overnight指“一夜地，过夜地”，答案是D。
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-84
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-841、Such a database would be extremely costly to set up.【单选题】A.establishB.destroyC.updateD.transfer正确答案:A答案解析:建这样一个数据库将耗资巨大。
本题难度不大，是送分题目。
set up，常用短语，指“建立”，和establish“建立”是同义词，B项指“破坏”，C项指“更新”，D项指“转换”，干扰不强。
2、Parkinson's Disease1. Parkinson's disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine(多巴胺). Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson's, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2. No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3. Tremor (颤抖) may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation(便秘) . In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills.4. At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are not obvious. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results. Paragraph 3 ______【单选题】A.Tips for Patients with the Diseasemon Treatment for the DiseaseC.Means of Diagnosis of the DiseaseD.Typical Symptoms of the DiseaseE.Possible Causes of the DiseaseF.Definition of Parkinson's Disease正确答案:D答案解析:本题难度较大，没有明显的段落主旨句，需要较强的归纳概括能力。
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-86
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-861、Surprised by a MiracleI had been working in the trauma unit at a local hospital for about a year. You get used to families thinking that a "coma" patient is moving their hand or doing something that they were asked to do. "Following commands" is what we call it. Often it's "wishful thinking" on the Families' part. Nurses can easily become callous to it.On this particular night during visiting hours, my patient's wife came in. I had taken care of him for several nights. I was very familiar with his care and what he was able to do. Actually, he didn't do anything. He barely moved at all, even when something would obviously hurt him, such as suctioning.His wife was very short, about 5 feet tall. She had to stand on a stool to lean over him, so that she could see his face and talk to him. She climbed up on the stool. I spoke to her for a few minutes, and then stepped out to tend to my other patient. A few minutes later, she came running out of the room. In anexcited voice, she said, "Donna, he's moving his hand!"I immediately thought that it was probably her imagination, and that he had not actually done it on purpose. He had been there about a month at the time and had never made any movements on purpose. I asked her what had happened and she said, "I asked him to squeeze my hand and he did!"This led me to another train of questioning. "But, did he let go when you asked him to?" She said yes, that he had done exactly what she asked.I went into the room with her, not really believing that I would see anything different than I had always seen. But I decided that it would be better to pacify her than to make her think I didn't believe her or that she was somehow mistaken.She asked him to squeeze her hand, which he did. I said, "Well, ask him to let go. " He continued to squeeze for a moment, so that when he finally did let go, I really still didn't believe that he had done it on purpose. So, I said, "Ask him to hold up one finger. " He did as asked.Well, hmm, this was starting to get my attention. I looked at him, his face still somewhat swollen and his eyes still closed. "Stick out your tongue!" I said. He did it. I almost fell on the floor. It was the first time I had ever seen anyone "wake up. "What did the patient do on that particular night?【单选题】A.He squeezed and let go his wife's hand.B.He held up one of his fingers.C.He stuck out his tongue.D.All of the above.正确答案:D答案解析:前三项在短文的最后两段都被提到，因此答案只能选D。
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-5
1 职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-5
1、Parkinson\'s Disease1 Parkinson\'s disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson\'s, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson\'s disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3 Tremor may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. More importantly, not everyone with a tremor has Parkinson\'s disease. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It 2
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-174
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-1741、Reduce PackagingPressure increased recently on British supermarkets and retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti - waste campaign. ____ Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging.Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping. Campaigners have called on Britain to learn from other European countries, In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit. When returned bottles are put in a vending machine 自动售货机, the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this.There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. Trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging. This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.In response to a campaign by Britain's The Independent newspaper, leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence. tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates 装货箱for transporting its fresh produce.But campaigners said retailers and the government could learn much from anti - waste practices on the Continent. In Sweden, non - recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives. This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales. In Germany, plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets and deposits are paid for reusable plastic and glass beverage bottles.【单选题】A.If a product is over packaged, don't buy it.B.In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit.C.This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.D.This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.E.Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates (装货箱) for transporting its fresh produce.F.The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper.正确答案:F答案解析:本题难度不是很大，选项意义差异大，比较好排除，本题可以看选项，等到信息提示，使用排除法和代入法。
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-122
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-1221、Parkinson's Disease1. Parkinson's disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine(多巴胺). Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson's, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2. No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3. Tremor (颤抖) may be the first symptom you notice. It is oneof the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation(便秘) . In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills. 4. At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are not obvious. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results. Paragraph 2 ______【单选题】A.Tips for Patients with the Diseasemon Treatment for the DiseaseC.Means of Diagnosis of the DiseaseD.Typical Symptoms of the DiseaseE.Possible Causes of the DiseaseF.Definition of Parkinson's Disease正确答案:E答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要认真寻找段落主旨句，段落主旨句是本段的第三句，谈到科学家在研究包括老龄化和环境毒素在内的多种原因，回来看选项，E项Possible Causes of the Disease，导致帕金森病的可能原因，简单概括了本段主要意思，是答案。
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-10
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-101、Mary evidently is the most diligent student among us.【单选题】A.intelligentB.beautifulC.talkativeD.hardworking正确答案:D答案解析:显然玛丽是我们当中最用功的学生。
本题难度不大，考察的是基本意义，干扰项干扰不大，diligent和hardworking 都有“勤奋的，用功的”意思，是近义词，其他选项都是常用词汇，和答案意义差异大，最佳答案是D。
2、Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.【单选题】A.politeB.similarualD.bad正确答案:A答案解析:她的父亲温文尔雅，是一个安静的人。
本题难度不大，是送分题。
graceful是“典雅的，文雅的”，和polite“礼貌的”意思相近，其他三项都是常用词，和答案意义差异大，干扰性不强3、Many?cities?have?restricted?smoking?in?public?places.【单选题】A.limitedB.allowedC.stoppedD.kept正确答案:A答案解析:题干大意：许多城市禁止在公共场合抽烟。
restrict 意为“限制”，如：The?trees?restrict?our?view.（这些树局限了我们的视野。
）limit意为“限制”，最符合题意，如：He?must?limit?the?number?of?cigarettes?he?smokes.（他必须限制抽烟的数目。
）allow意为“允许”，如：Please?allow?me?to?express?my?warm?welcome?to?our?gue sts.?（请允许我向来客表示热烈的欢迎。
）stop意为“停止”，如：Stop?talking.（别说话。
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-156
职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及
答案0523-156
1、Can you do the task alone, or do you want anyone to assist you?【单选题】
A.aim
B.help
C.show
D.guide
正确答案:B
答案解析:assist和help同义：帮助；aim:瞄准、打算；show:
显示、出示；guide:向导、指导、带领。
1、A supernova (超新星) is a star that explodes and then slowly fades to less than its original brightness. 【单选题】
A.size
B.weight
C.radiance
D.importance
正确答案:C
答案解析:size：大小、尺寸；weight：重量、分量；importance：重要性、重大；radiance:光辉、辐射，和句子里的brightness
是同义词。
1、Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.【单选题】
A.anger
B.doubt
C.love
D.surprise
正确答案:A
答案解析:琶特丽舍带着怨气盯着其他女孩。
本题难度不大，是送分题。
resentment是“怨恨，不满”，和anger“生气，怒气”是近义词，其他三项都是常用词，和答案意义差异大，。
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1 职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-118
1、Blasts from the Past 1 Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon they released wiped out life with greater ease.
2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300. million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.
3 Wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.
4 The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 2
million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in. Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe, Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide, The global warming that followed wiped out 8 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years far tire planet to recover.
5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global-warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years, "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid.
6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of C02 Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amount of C02 absorbed from the atmosphere. 3
7 Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall's idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they fasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years.
8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide emissions.
Paragraph 3____ 【单选题】
A.Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic Eruptions B.Association of Mass Extinction with Volcanic Eruption C.Calculation of the Killing Power of Older Eruptions D.A Mass Extinction 4
E.Volcanic Eruptions That Caused No Mass Extinction F.ccounting for the Killing Power of Older Eruptions 正确答案:C 答案解析:第三段的第一句话是这么说的：Wignall calculated the“killing efficiency”for these valcanoes wignall计算了这些火山的“灭种效率”。killing power与killing efficiency意思差不多。killing power：灭种力。
1、Cancer 1. Cancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells, the body's basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. 5
The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor(肿瘤). Benign(良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order. 2. Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet(紫外线的) radiation from the sun,
or exposure to carcinogens (致症物) in the workplace or in the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited. 3. Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy(化疗), hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient's age and general health and other factors. Because treatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighting