托福写作基础讲义
写作高频场景词汇：School and Education
1) 作为团队工作work as/ in a team
2) 在...的帮助下with the help of
3) 穿校服wear a school uniform
4) 使用学校设备use the school facilities/ equipment
5) 参加...的新生引导课程take an orientation course
6) 与小组一起学习study with a group
7) 出国留学study abroad
8) 与某人分享观点share a idea/ ideas with someone
9) 与某人同住一室share a room with sb
10) 现实生活经验real life experience
11) 优先考虑... put a priority on
12) 追求个人兴趣pursue one’s individual interest
13) 提倡创造性思维promote/ advocate creative thinking/ critical thinking
14) 预防校园暴力prevent school violence
15) 参与课堂讨论participate in a class discussion
16) 理清思路organize one’s thoughts
17) 选修科目optional subjects
18) 提供教育机会offer/ provide an educational opportunity
19) 在...方面改变make a change in...
20) 主修major in
21) 住宿舍live in a dormitory/ dorm
22) 讲座lectures
23) 通过...学习learn by/ via/ through + doing
24) 自学learn by myself/ teach myself
25) 增加教育预算increase the education budget
26) 增加某人的潜力increase one’s potential/ 能力capability
27) 有机会... have the opportunity to do sth
28) 对...有很大的影响have a strong impact on sth
29) 对...有强烈的好奇心have a strong curiosity about
30) 进行关于...的讨论have a discussion about
31) 有...文凭/学历have a diploma/ certification in
32) 有...的选择have a choice of
33) 从学校毕业graduate from
34) 上私立学校go to a private/ public school
35) 经历青春期go through puberty
36) 因...给某人奖励give someone a prize
37) 取得好成绩get a good grade
38) 收到良好的教育get good education
39) 获得最新的信息gain/ receive the latest information/ news
40) 从...获得知识gain knowledge from
41) 组成学习小组form a study group
42) 感到来自同龄个人的压力feel peer/ contemporaries pressure
43) 面对问题face a problem
44) 课外活动extracurricular activities
45) 拓展知识expand/ gain/ acquire/ obtain/ get/ accumulate one’s knowledge
46) 获得学分earn a credit
47) 培养在...方面的专长develop expertise in...
48) 必修科目compulsory subjects
49) 职业准备career preparation
50) 建学校build/ establish school
51) 开始正规教育begin formal education
52) 必须...，被要求.... be required/ suppose to do
53) 参与户外活动participate/ take part in/ join in/ attend outdoor activities
54) 在...方面有能力;能胜任... be competent/ capable in
55) 上大学attend college/ university
56) 上课attend classes
57) 参加夏令营participate/ engage in/ , be/ get involved in a summer camp
58) 给某人布置家庭走也assign homework to somebody
59) 中学、大学 a primary/ middle/ high school. Secondary school.
60) 研究领域 a field of study
写作高频场景词汇：Family and Society
1) 拜访邻居visit one’s neighborhood
2) 使用公共交通工具use public transportation
3) 没有做... without doing
4) 把某人看作... treat someone as, treat them as competitor
5) 青少年犯罪teenager delinquencies/ juvenile delinquency
6) 养家support a family, feed one’s family
7) 对...表示尊敬show respect to
8) 展现领导才能show leadership skills
9) 解决问题solve problems
10) 使某人想起某事remind sb of something
11) 信仰某种宗教believe in a particular religion
12) 宣誓对...效忠pledge loyalty to
13) 将某人的价值观传递给... pass on one’s values to...
14) 参加社区活动participate in community activities
15) 做出重要决定make an important decision
16) 对...做出贡献make a contribution to
17) 住在郊区live in suburban/ suburb areas
18) 跟上keep up with
19) 记住某事keep sth in mind
20) 照看、留心keep an eye on
21) 普遍认同it is generally agreed that...
22) 改善公共交通improve public transportation
23) 有高标准have high standards
24) 有...的倾向have a tendency to do
25) 有社区意识have a sense of community
26) 有...感have a sense of achievement/ fulfillment/ accomplishment; humor; belonging; happiness
27) 与...有密切的关系have a close relationship with
28) 与...相处get along with
29) 获得...的支持gain the support of sb/ some organization
30) 建立组织set up/ form an organization
31) 形成舆论form public opinion/ lead public opinion
32) 效仿某人imitate sb; follow in one’s footsteps
33) 感到安全feel security
34) 感觉被...吸引be attracted to/ feel an attraction to
35) 顺便去购物中心drop in at a shopping center
36) 为生计做某事do something for a living
37) 负担得起... afford to do
38) 建立信任build up trust
39) 培养社会技能cultivate/ develop social skills
40) 从...中获益benefit from
41) 建立人脉build social connections/ social circles
42) 成为...的居民become a resident of
43) 孤立于.... be isolated from
44) 需要帮助be in need of help
45) 对...友好be hospitable to
46) 情感上依附于... be emotionally attached to
47) 致力于... be committed to/ commit oneself to/ devote oneself to
48) 因...而著名be celebrated for/ be famous for/ be famous as做为。。而出名
49) 同意遵守agree to obey/ follow...
写作高频场景词汇：Economy and Business
1) 面临巨大挑战face significant challenges.
2) 加班work overtime
3) 尊敬respect. / receive enough respect. Act respectfully
4) 兼职work part-time/ take part-time jobs
5) 敦促/极力主张某人.... urge/ advocate sb to sth
6) 了解市场原则understand the market principle
7) 将某人调任到另一个部门transfer sb to another department/ education department
8) 递交简历submit one’s resume
10) 开始一项业务start a business
11) 平均分摊费用split the cost
12) 找...领域的工作seek a career in
13) 将企业盈利回报给社会return corporate profits to society
14) 退休retire from a job
15) 提高...声望raise the prestige/ reputation of
16) 缴税pay taxes
17) 偿还贷款pay back a loan
18) 克服经济衰退overcome an economic recession crisis
19) 获得最底层职位obtain an entry-level position
20) 将生产费降到最低minimize the cost/expense of production
21) 合格meet the qualifications
22) 弥补损失make up a loss
23) 收支平衡strike a balance of payments/
24) strike a balanced payments/ budget(平衡预算).
25) 做到生态、经济、社会协调发展, to strike a balance of ecological, economic and social development.
26) 获利make a profit/ profits.
27) 谋生make a living
28) 对...投诉make a complaint about
29) 为...做预算make a budget for...
30) 降低利率lower the interest rate
31) 辞职leave/ quit a job; be fired
32) 保持一个良好的工作环境keep a good work environment
33) 投资于invest in/ investment
34) 在履行职责时be in the line of duty
35) 对...持积极态度have a positive/ negtive/ optimistic/ pessimitic
36) 拥有...的市场占有率have a market share
37) 破产go bankrupt
38) 按小时/天/周去的报酬get paid by the hour/ day/ week
39) 获得....的退款receive a refund
40) 得到提升get promotion
41) 找到工作get/ find a job; find employment
42) 有成就感feel a sense of accomplishment
43) 就业enter the workforce/ 解决就业solve the problem of umemployment
44) 鼓励竞争encourage competition
45) 挣钱earn money
46) 生产力下降reduced productivity
47) 培养处理人际关系的技能cultivate/ develop interpersonal skills
48) 写信/亲自投诉complain in writing/ person
49) 赔偿compensate for
50) 升职progress to a higher position/ get a promotion
51) 索价较高charge higher prices
52) 无法负担cannot afford to do sth/ unaffordable
53) 打电话请病假call in sick
54) 因迟到打电话请假call in late
55) 建立事业build one’s career
56) 指示某人boss someone around
57) 促进经济发展boost the economy; economic crisis/ recession
58) 愿意... be willing to do sth
59) 不愿... be unwilling to do sth
60) 自主经营be self-employed
61) 出售，上市be on the market
62) 需求旺盛be in great demand
63) 人口的增长increase in population
64) 职位描述 a job description
65) 次品 a defective product
66) 拥有...的市场占有度have a positive/ negative/ optimistic/ pessimistic
写作高频场景词汇：Living and Thinking
1) 适应形式adapt to a situation/ the environment
2) 认真考虑后after careful thought/ consideration
3) 作为...的征兆as a token of (economic crisis)
4) 承担责任shoulder/ assume responsibility for...
5) 对...有益be beneficial to...
6) 对...有信心be confident in../ have confidence in...
7) 批判态度critical thinking
8) 灵活的flexible
9) 对...负责be responsible for
10) 以不同的方式表现behave in a different way
11) 改掉坏习惯break/ get rid of a bad habit
12) 按常规做某事do something as a routine
13) 承受磨难endure hardships
14) 惹上麻烦get into trouble/ stay out of trouble
15) 压力过大be/ get stressed out/ too much stress
16) 疯狂购物go on a shopping spree
17) 伤害友谊harm a friendship
18) 锻炼do exercises/ sports
19) 有常识have common sense/ knowledge
20) 有幽默感have a sense of humor/ accomplishment/ achievement/ fulfillment/ belonging/ happiness/ honor
21) 喜欢社交have a sociable character
22) 持乐观/悲观的态度have a/ an positive/ negative/ optimistic/ pessimistic attitude.
23) 没有/有很大/没多大关系have nothing/ much/ little to do with
24) 对...感到遗憾have regrets about
25) 有品位have a taste in/for
26) 相信trust/ believe in
27) 磨练技巧hone a skill
28) 提高某人的生活质量enhance/ increase the quality of life
29) 根据某事物判断某人/某事judge sb/ sth by
30) 保守秘密keep a secret
31) 按规律生活live by a role
32) 过某人自己的生活live one’s own life
33) 轻视，瞧不起look down upon/ look up to
34) 尊敬respect
35) 谨慎的做决定make a careful decision
36) 给...留下好/坏印象make a good/ bad impression
37) 犯错误make mistakes
38) 搬到新地方move to a new place
39) 提前计划plan in advance/ plan ahead
40) 为...提供良好的营养provide good nutrition for
41) 忍受put up with/ stand/ bear
42) 到达转折点reach a turning point
43) 减轻压力relieve one’s pressure/ stress
44) 存钱以备不时之需save money for a rainy day/ for an emergency
45) 设定目标set goals
46) 设定优先级put/ set a priority on: government should put a priority on the development of education.
47) 放慢速度slow down
48) 远离麻烦stay out of troubles
49) 熬夜stay up late
50) 失眠sleeplessness, insomnia
51) 冒...的险take risks
52) 采取行动take action
53) 利用use/ make use of/ take advantage of
54) 休息一下take/ have a rest
55) 吃药take medicine
56) 支持某人support sb/ take one’s side
57) 从容不迫take one’s time to so sth
58) 带头take the initiative to do sth
59)说实话tell the truth
写作高频场景词汇：Culture and Leisure
1) 出国旅游travel abroad/ overseas tourism
2) 从日常事务中得到片刻休息get a moment to rest from the daily routine
3) 订阅报纸/杂志subscribe to the newspaper/ magzine/ journal
4) 说与...不同的语言speak another language
5) 表现创造力perform creative power/ ability
6) 保全面子save one’s face
7) 尊重文化差异respect differences
8) 以...代替... substitute by...
9) 建议某人suggest/ advise/ persuade
10) 充电charge a battery
11) 演奏乐器play an instrument
12) 以某人做榜样take... as example/ model.
13) 创造历史make history
14) 预定book/ reserve/ make a reservation for...
15) 拍...电影make films
16) 点燃篝火light a bonfire
17) 引导公共舆论guide the public opinion
18) 备有急救箱first aid boxes/ emergency kit
19) 举办聚会have a party
20) 有机会have an opportunity to do...
21) 有空be available
22) 对...有影响have postive/ negative impact on...
23) 有...的技能have ... skills
24) 传承传统pass on the tradition
25) 表达观点give/express an opinion
26) 让某人搭载give a ride to sb
27) 有运动病(指晕车、晕船、晕机等)car sickness, ship sickness, air sickness, motion sickness
28) 遵守规则obey/ follow a rule
29) 遵循当地风俗follow/ obey local custom
30) 经历时差jet leg
31) 发挥某人的想象力use one’s imagination
32) 享受户外的活动enjoy outdoor activities
33) 参加、从事文化活动engage in the cultural activities
34) 休息时间during recess
35) 穿...衣服dress in the costume of
36) 穿传统服装traditional costume
37) 建立研究中心research center
38) 发展文化develop a culture
39) 庆祝法定假日national holiday
40) 开展活动carry on activities
41) 成为青少年的偶像become an idol to teenagers
42) 在...方面是某人的对手one’s opponent (in the general selection)
43) 展览be holding/ putting on an exhibition
44) 流行，时髦vogue/ fashion
45) 被...吸引，沉迷于... be attractive to/ be addicted to
46) 去现场看演出attend a live performance
47) 欣赏、鉴赏艺术appreciate arts
48) 影响某人的行为affect / impact / influence one’s behavior/ have… on sth.
49) 接纳另一个国家的风俗adopt a custom from another country
50) 有导游陪同的旅游guided tour
51) 文化遗产cultural legacy/ heritage
52) 整天坐着看电视的人 a couch potato
53) 模仿犯罪a copycat crime
写作高频场景词汇：Health and environment
1) 密集的人口dense population
2) 适应环境adjust to the environment
3) 濒危动物endangered species/ endangered animals
4) 对...过敏be allergic to…
5) 有益于心理健康good for mental health
6) 身体健康physical fitness
7) 感染病毒infect with the virus
8) 缺少... lack of/ be short of
9) 汽车尾气automobile/ vehicle exhaust
10) 照顾残疾人care for the disables
11) 导致不正常的气候lead to abnormal climate
12) 对环境造成破坏damage to the environment
13) 染上...病catch… disease/ get ill/ get infected by AIDS/ bacteria/ virus
14) 从事医学研究study on/ engage in medical research
15) 消耗能量dissipate energy (dispend驱散-dispensable-indispensable)
16) 消耗自然资源consume natural resources/ the consumption of …
17) 保护环境protect the environment
18) 至于某人的疾病as for someone’s disease
19) 严重的食物短缺the serious shortage(excess) of food
20) 发展医疗技术develop medical technology
21) 每天做运动do sports everyday
22) 倾倒工厂废料factory waste dumping/ dump industrial waste
23) 教育公众educate the public
24) 环境污染environmental pollution/ contamination
25) 体检physical examination
26) 战胜疾病overcome illness/ fight illness
27) 健康的饮食习惯healthy eating habit
28) 高热量high heat/ calorie
29) 在危急情况下in emergent/ crisis situations
30) 在某人的自然状态下In someone's natural state
31) 保持均衡的饮食Maintain a balanced diet
32) 平局寿命average lifetime
33) 降低某人的血压reduce someone’s blood pressure
34) 降低某人的压力水平reduce someone’ stress levels
35) 管理医疗机构medical institution management
36) 不可再生资源non-renewable resources
37) 凭处方script(手记) prescription
38) 保护环境protect the environment
39) 预防疾病prevent disease
40) 禁止吸烟no smoking/ smoking prohibited
41) 净化污染的空气purify(pure) the air pollution
42) 摄取充足的营养absorb/ take in adequate/ abundant nutrition(nutritional)
43) 痊愈，恢复recover/ restore
44) 缓解人口过剩问题alleviate the problem of overpopulation
45) 用尽资源use up/ run out of resources
46) 挽救热带雨林save tropical rainforest
47) 保持身体健康keep fit/ keep in good health/ maintain physical fitness
48) 可持续能源sustainable energy/ lasting energy resources.
49) 吃药take medicine/ pills
50) 城市扩张urban/ city expansion; urban sprawl
写作高频场景词汇：Science and Technology
1) 发展医学medical development
2) 科技发达developed/ advanced technology
3) 将文件附加到电子邮件中attach files to e-mails
4) ....的关键plays a key role in…
5) 在...重力的作用下under gravity
6) 不能没有cannot do without
7) 查收电子邮件check e-mails
8) 电脑盲the computer-illiterate
9) 对...进行研究research on…
10) 开创新趋势create a new trend
11) 创建网络社区create/ set up an online community.
12) 阻拦垃圾邮件block spam/ junk mails
13) 尖端科技high-tech/ cutting-edge technology/ sophisticated technology
14) 开发核武器develop nuclear weapon
15) 发展计算机技术develop computer technology
16) 亲自动手do it yourself
17) 从...下载软件download software from
18) 电子设备electronic equipment
19) 提高生活质量improve life quality
20) 探索外太空explore outer space
21) 使某人面临某事make sb face someting
22) 促进交流to promote the communication
23) 获得信息gain/ get/ receive information
24) 某事处理的不当deal with/ handle something improperly
25) 检索信息retrieve information
26) 相互影响influence each other/ interaction effects/ interplay(n.v)
27) 给电脑编程program computers
28) 紧跟全球化的步伐keep pace with the globalization
29) 在这全球化的时代in the era/ age of globalization
30) 与...保持联系keep close contact with…. / keep in touch.
31) 把...输入电脑input … into computers
32) 开展太空任务carry out space tasks.
33) 连接到互联网connect to the internet
34) 有影响，起作用have an influence on/ effect on
35) 打长途电话sb is making a long distance call.
36) 做出重大突破have a major breakthrough
37) 调整adjust/ rectify
38) 深入分析further analysis/ in-depth analysis of
39) 网上购物shopping online
40) 进步make great progress in English/
41) 无线连络通信wireless communication
42) 用计算机处理信息process information with computers.
43) 为某人提供某物offer sb sth/ provide sb with sth. provide sth for sb.
44) 到达遥远的地方reach remote place/ reach somewhere tremendously remote
45) 向...发射太空探测器human space probe/ detector launch into space
46) 缩短距离shorten the distance
47) 注册网站sign up for websites/ register for websites/ the website.
48) 太空探索the exploration of/ in space; space exploration
49) 紧跟科技潮流keep up with/ keep pace closely with/ follow/ the trend of technological development
50) 上网spend sb’s time online/ contact to the internet/ surf on the internet/ search… online.
51) 捷足先登let sb. get ahead/ beat sb. to the draw.
52) 科技发展technology development
53) 传送文件send messages
54) 打开、关上电脑turn on/ start the computer; turn off/ shut down
55) 通讯工具communication tools
56) 上市公司listed company
新托福写作讲义09
新托福写作讲义09年暑假 第一课时新托福考试流程 报名-缴费-考试流程和界面-成绩-大学录取分数线 第二课时新托福考试备考 观点1 攻克托福考试最有效的捷径是听写 观点2 托福考试全面复习的同时重点放在单词和听力上 观点3口语和写作部分是很容易得分的 第三课时新托福独立写作评分标准 第三课时新托福独立写作中文构思和文章结构 第四课时新托福独立写作开头部分 例子——提炼——中文思维模板——中文练习——英文模板——英文练习——英文模板变换 开头类型1：特训234 同意不同意：明智的父母比优秀的老师对我们教益更多 明智的父母教会我们许多生活的哲理，例如高尚的价值观、与不同的人融洽相处的方法以及理解她对他人的责任。优秀的老师则教会我们怎样为将来的工作做好准备和实现梦想所需要的技能。老师和父母在我们的成长中起着同样重要的作用，是他们使我们对未来有了一种敏锐的洞察力。所以，我反对明智的父母比优秀的老师对我们教益更多的观点。 提炼类型1：用例子解释或定义关键词1+用例子或定义解释关键词2+所以，表明观点
开头类型1举例：图书馆还是体育设施 图书馆的资源是大学生获取知识、培养自学能力最主要的方式之一。而体育设施能够使大学生强身健体、舒缓压力、娱乐身心。我不否认体育锻炼对于学生成长的重要影响。但作为大学投资的决定，学校应该把更多的钱投资于图书馆而不是体育设施。 开头类型1举例：事实还是概念 事实是发生在我们周围事情，往往形象生动并且容易让人理解，而概念是事实的总结和抽象，能够概括一系列符合规律的事实。因此据我来看，在学习的过程中间，概念和事实的学习对于学生来说有着不同的作用。 开头类型2：特训236 同意不同意在社区周围建立一家折扣店 折扣店的出现成为我们社区关注的焦点。当一家企业决定在购物区开折扣店时，一些人游行表示反对，而另一些人觉得在这种商店购物很方便。我喜欢附近有一所大型折扣店，但我也能理解在同一条街开小商店的朋友为什么不喜欢这种竞争对手。换句话说，我支持新商店，因为它位置便利、价格低廉。 提炼类型2：关键词背景+论题重复+表明观点 开头类型2举例：经济发展和环境保护 经济发展和环境保护逐渐成为全球政府共同关注的两大议题。政府在制定国家发展策略的时候，一些人主张优先发展经济，而另一些人认为人们的首要任务是保护环境。
托福写作词汇
写作关键用词及短语汇总
数量词 一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of 无数innumerable ; countless 许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample 非常多（大）的tremendous 依序列举list in sequence 时间词 过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic 短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived 不合时宜的anachronism 可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time 一再time after time ; again and again 初始的preliminary 前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former 自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages 年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult 老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated 偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times 时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly 永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life 重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities 目前so far ; by far 一次就可完成的事one-time event 正/反意见（opinion） 骂yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove 支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold 谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of 错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect 错事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior 做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite 归咎blam e…on ; put the blam e on … ;…is to blame 瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts 支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of 不会犯错的infallible 意见不和clashes of opinion 一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement 不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate 批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of…我们想念…we are convinced that…; we are certain that.. 我愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to 有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive 有意义的meaningful; fulfilling 他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit thi s… 在大家同意下by common consent of… 否定deny; withhold; negate 承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede 于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use 使…受益benefit…; do good t o…; is good for…; is of great benefit t o… 成语及俗语及搭配方式 想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking 想出come up with 找出come up with; find out 利用use; take advantage of
托福写作教案精选版
托福写作教案 Document serial number【KKGB-LBS98YT-BS8CB-BSUT-BST108】
1.解决基本语法问题，练习写长难句，把名词短语和句子的区别掌握；掌握三种基本句型结构，并且会加定语和状语 2.大作文基本构架熟悉，以及怎样选择side 框架不规则（可以整篇写一个故事的都有）可以不写对方的观点（让步段） 3.确定选材“写什么”：内容要直接简单明了，最重要是考语言和逻辑，不是考内容的新颖度和深度；内容为语言服务，语法准确、内容合理即可有的时候，想写的内容，即使用中 文说，都会很晦涩，那就更别用英 文了；不要把自己的想法硬套到文 章里，会造成中式英语；写自己会 写的，不要写自己想写 的！！！！！ 中式思维的理由不要写：放之四海 皆准的才可以
1，检查作业，纠正错误，总结错误基本类型和原因 2，复习上次内容 3.解决中式英语：构句的时候要抛开中文的影响，切忌先想中文，然后逐字逐句翻译 避免直译，要explain而不是
translatewordbyword;不要去想中 文的对等，而是找英文的相似 有些表达，是必须经过提炼的，因 为中文没有对等的意思 不会造复杂句怎么办？ 原始中文——简单中文（核心意思 提炼）——简单英文（句子主干） ——地道英文（修饰成分，句式多 样化） 想表达的内容太难，句子无从下手 怎么办：先找主干，在写其他部分 怎样摆脱中文限制，来扩展思路呢 （搭配也知道挺多，但是自己想不 起来用：中文只想一个大概的意 思，然后用英文思考，在已知的英 文表达中，搜索最地道，和自己表 达的意思最相近的搭配——故意用 搭配提分的意识 尤其是套模板的时候，句子一定要 精简，要动起来，避免冗长 1，检查作业，纠正错误，总结错误基本类型和原因 2，复习上次内容 3.在上了一定量的阅读和听力课之后，开小作文 阅读 第一段倒着读，剩下三段正着读 找句号法，快速抓住核心内容 段中不需要逐句读懂，学会找关键 词，两三个即可；时刻看首段的中 心思想，联系着猜 笔记越简单越好，可以用汉语；看 懂了再下笔，需要把多次出现的名 词记下来，猜一下发音 信息整合，逻辑重排 听力 首先听出是AorB类型还是 yesorno类型 根据阅读，边猜边听 以听为主，记为辅，记关键词就可 以了，而不是记整句话 笔记是画出来的，别人看不懂 听力结束后，先不要马上看阅读，
托福写作必备英文句型
托福写作必备英文句型 在托福写作中，有一些常用的万能句型，跟托福写作模板的作用相似，都可以套用在托福写作中，帮助你在托福写作考试中取得高分。下面天道小编为大家列举了35种托福写作句型。 一、~~~ the + ~ est +名词+ (that) +主词+ have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read,etc) ~~~themost+形容词+名词+(that)+主词 +haveever+seen( known/heard/had/read, etc) 例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。 Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。 二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more +形容词+ than to + V 例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。 三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much. (再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。) 例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否认的...)
托福作文笔记整理1
托福写作圣经： 1.写作的第一要务是把观点表达清楚；（就是解释） 2.习作考试不基于考试的真实身份；（可以作假，真情实感没有任何意义） 3.写作考试只考察语言水平，不考察思想水平（unique, critical ideas mean nothing） 4.写作考试不测试考生的真实想法； 5.写作是基于表达，而不是基于翻译； 6.写作考试不同于平时写作； 7.写作内容和语言同等重要； 8.观点的层次比观点的数目更重要； 9.逻辑错误比语法错误更严重; 10.跑题就完蛋（finish egg）. “T he longer, the better.”------黄金规则 Use best structure and sentence Sentence: “我认为…………….” I feel/think/hold/claim/believe/deem/maintain/reckon/argue/assume that…………. In my opinion From my point of view From my perspective/angle As far as I am concerned I hold/share the opinion/belief/position/standpoint/idea that My viewpoint/belief/opinion is that……… As I see/view/perceive/ the problem/question/issue/case/discussion/argument/controversy……. 托福作文不需要标题 段落格式：缩行式，空行式 教材推荐： 俞敏洪：《托福词根》 张洪伟，戴云《托福词汇10000》 张道真，《实用英语语法》 戴云，《托福语法精要》 张洪伟，戴云《新托福写作词汇小伴侣》 句子训练方法 1.多种方法表达同一句意 e.g A 对B很重要 1) A is important to B
雅思强化写作精讲班第4讲讲义
雅思强化写作精讲班第4讲讲义 有效避免7种语法错误 有效避免7种语法错误 1 Employee can benefit more from telecommuting than employer. 2.1 Work at home using modern technology can greatly enhance our efficiency. 2.2 Children who are raise in impoverished families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years. 2.3The problems that are created by environmental contamination is very hard to resolve. 2.4 Many students are very like studying home economics. 2.5 In present-day society, cultures were becoming very similar. 3 Intelligent students should not be treated different by their teachers. 4.1 Countries should pay attention on the disadvantages globalisation may create. 4.2 The Internet has instead of teachers in many classrooms. 5 Some parents do not obey traffic rules himself. 6 Some people think the Internet only has positive impact, other people think it also has negative influence on our lives. 7 There are a great many children think the main purpose of education should be to afford them pleasure and enjoyment. 高分范文讲解 范文讲解 In Britain, when some people get old they often go to live in a home with other old people where there are nurses to look after them. The government has to pay for his care. Who should be responsible for our old people? Give reasons for your answer. Example 2 Band 8 One of the most challenging problems of today’s society is the question about who should be responsible for our old people. It is not only a problem with money but also a question of the system we want our society to have. In my essay, I would like to present four possible models. Firstly, the company could be responsible for its retired employees. To do this, a special fund could be established. The advantage of this model is that if one believes in the capitalist system, it should be the cheapest solution. One possible problem is that the companies may have competition disadvantage due to higher staff costs. A second solution is that the government has to take the responsibility for the old people’s care. It can finance this with its tax in comes. Actually, this is the most democratic model since everybody gets as much money as he or she needs. Unfortunately, as the present situation in our country shows, this solution seems not to work very well.
托福写作高级词汇整理
托福写作高级词汇整理 在托福的写作中，我们使用一些高级词汇去替换掉那些陈谷子烂芝麻的词汇可以帮助我们提高分数，为了帮助大家备考，下面小编给大家带来托福写作高级词汇整理。 托福写作高级词汇 1) Come a long way 有很大的进步 Human being has come a long from drinking and eating raw food to talking through cell phones. 2) It is worthwhile to / it is worth doing It is worthwhile to spend time in learning music and art, because they can benefit me for life time. 3) Give credit for 归功于 The convenience that commuters (通勤者 )has now should give credit for the newly opened subway lines. 4) Give sb. a competitive edge 给某人竞争优势 Learning multiple languages give people a competitive edge in this demanding society. 5) Remove the barrier for 为(发展，交流等)消除障碍 Learning English is a way to remove the barrier for communicating with many foreigners./exchanging with exotic cultures. 6) Be the cornerstone of 是的基石 Believing in the correlation of hardworking and success is the cornerstone of American spirit. 7) Be an essential ingredient of 是的条件 A sound health is an essential ingredient of excellent academic performance. 8) profit from/benefit from 从中获益 People can profit/benefit from the advancement of modern technology, such as computers, the Internet and many digital devices. 9) is an indispensable part of 是中不可或缺的一部分 Advertising has become an indispensable part of our lives and it has been exerting profound influence on the way we live, work , play and learn. 10) plays a pivotal role in 扮演者至关重要的角色
托福基础写作讲义
托福基础写作 一、托福写作概述 二、英汉两种语言的区别 （一）、美国人与中国人思维方式的不同。 linear way of thinking （二）、英汉句子结构的特点。英语重形和，重结构，汉语重意和, 重语义。英语中常用复合句；汉语则常用短句，简单句。 10 Linking words cohesion 1. conj.: 1) and. but, or, so, while 2) if, because, although, That, who, which, what, as---as more than, so--- that 2. in this reason, in conclusion, for example 3. however, unfortunately, Undeniably 4. to make things worse 5. generally speaking 6. 同义词 7. repetition 8. this, it, that, those 9. interesting to see 10. what is more （三）英语多变化variety(diversity)，汉语多重复。 （四）英语被动句多。汉语中主动句多。 三、中国学生写作最易犯的十大错误 1. Nowadays, college student should learn competition and cooperation. 2. The problem that is created by computers attract (draw, spark, captivate, intrigue, arouse, yield, give rise to) much attention. 3. In present-day society, there are a great many young people go abroad. 4. In my opinion, I think that smoking should be banned in public places. 5. The computer can not instead the pivotal role played by teachers in education. 6. Some people welcome raising pets, others hold different opinions.
托福写作话题词汇
教育 学校教育schooling 家庭教育upbringing; parenting 课程大纲curriculum 教学大纲syllabus 必修课required/compulsory courses, 选修课elective/optional courses 课外活动extra-curricular activities 社团活动club activities 志愿者服务volunteer service 社区工作community work 实习internship 学生会student union 男生/女生联谊会fraternity & sorority 校园生活school/campus life 学校是社会的缩影a school is society in miniature 文科liberal arts/ liberal studies 理科sciences 工科engineering 人文学科humanities 社会学科social science 艺术arts 学科subject/discipline 基础科学basic sciences 应用科学applied sciences 小学教育primary-level education; elementary education 中学教育secondary-level education 大学教育tertiary-level education; higher education 职业教育vocational education/training 接受教育enter/get access to schools/ education 学位degree (bachelor, master, doctor/PhD) 文凭diploma, 证书certificate 青少年teenagers/adolescents/the young generation/the youths 学生students (fresh man, sophomore, junior, senior) 上课attend classes 逃课skip class, be absent from class 老师/学生为中心的课堂teacher-centered/ student-centered/ classroom 有能力的/有资格的/有经验的/良好培训的老师 competent/qualified/experienced/well-trained teachers 无能力的/不够格的/欠经验的老师 incompetent/disqualified/inexperienced/poorly-trained teachers well-equipped/ well-appointed/ well-decorated classrooms 设施良好的/装修良好的教室先进的教学设施up-to-date teaching facilities
新托福独立写作必背话题词汇
新托福独立写作必背分类话题词汇 一、Education教育 二、Technology科技 三、Media媒体 四、Success 成功 五、Work 工作 六、Government 政府七、Friends 朋友 八、Old vs. Y oung 九、Transportation 交通 十、Environment 环境 十一、Money 金钱 十二、Leisure 休闲 十三、Family 家庭 十四、Animals 动物 十五、Food 食物 十六、Safety安全 十七、Health健康 十八、Food 食物 一、Education教育 作业n. assignment（可数)与homework不同选修课n. elective course 学分n. credit 青少年n. ；青春期的adj. adolescent 适应adapt to sth. / become accustomed to sth. 应用v. apply 团队精神team spirit 独立思考think independently 在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding 学生的反馈students’ feedback 学生评价老师的教学students appraise/ evaluate their teachers’ performance 通才n. generalist 专才n. specialist 全面发展的adj. well-rounded 多才多艺的adj. versatile 为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being (or welfare) 工科n. engineering 学科（通称）；纪律n. 管教vt. discipline 互动vt. interact 自制力n. self-discipline 小（中、大）学教育primary-level (or secondary-level/ tertiary-level ) education 职业教育vocational education 学校给学生的教育n. schooling 学校提供的课程总称n. curriculum ( pl. curricula) 心理的adj. psychological 参与n. participation 熟练掌握……be proficient in 榜样role model 同龄人n. peer 对孩子/弱者过度保护adj. overprotective 家长给小孩的教育n. parenting 批判眼光看问题能力critical thinking abilities 有创造力的adj. creative/original 表现出色perform well 为…打好基础lay a solid foundation for 评估n. evaluation 对…非常好的掌握n. mastery 好奇心n. curiosity 精英n. elite 应试教育test-oriented education 富于想象力的imaginative 无知的adj. ignorant 误入歧途go astray 文盲（的）n.&adj. illiterate 给人动力的adj. motivating 未成年人n. minors 溺爱vt. spoil 青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency 欺负（n. “喜欢欺负人的孩子”）vt. bully 植物学n. botany 天文学n. astronomy 培养v. cultivate/ foster/ nurture 促进学生身心发展promote the student’s physical/mental (or intellectual) and emotional development 心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare 给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth/ motivate the students to do sth 传授知识impart/ inculcate knowledge 灌输高尚的道德观instill high moral values 给学生以灵感give the students inspiration 学生对老师所教知识的掌握students’grasp (or command) of what has been taught 就业技能employable skills 填鸭式教法教学生force-feed the students 死记硬背learn things by rote 责任感sense of obligation/ duty/ responsibility 记忆方程式、公式、定理、定律memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws 盲从follow sth. blindly
【新东方名师总结】新托福写作必备——《一般功能词汇》,赶快让你的文章富有变化吧
1. 一般功能词汇 因果关系 →导致，产生give rise to, lead to, result in, be responsible for, prompt 解析：give rise to, lead to, result in表示一般性的“导致、产生、造成”；be responsible for 不仅表示“为…负责”，也可以表示“产生”（being a source or cause），但多指“产生某种负面后果和不利局面”；prompt表示“激发”（To move to act; spur; incite），有“快速产生”之意。 Fast-paced modern life is responsible for the consumption of junk food. The bishop's speech has prompted an angry response from both political parties. Sharon Stone’s remarks about China’s Sichuan earthquake prompted angry responses from the Chinese public. →产生于result from, originate in (from) 解析：result from表示“产生于”；originate in (from)表示“发源自” 例句：Youtiao originated in China. →归因于attribute ...to, blame…on, be the (main) culprit of 解析：attribute A to B表示“将A归因于B”；blame A on B，表示“将A（负 面的）归咎于B”；culprit本意表示“罪犯”(one charged with a crime or an offense)，比喻义表示“造成某种负面后果的原因”（the reason for a particular problem or difficulty） 例句：Children today are getting increasingly overweight. Experts believe that excessive consumption is the main culprit. →使某人做某事prompt sb to do sth, motivate sb to do sth 解析：prompt指“令某人做出某种具体行动的原因，强调快速激发”； motivate指“成为某人的做某事的动机” Many great businessmen are motivated not but the desire for money. →原因cause, reason 解析：cause指“造成某事客观原因”，reason指“用来解释的理由”。Reason 并不一定就是cause.跟cause有关的几种常用搭配： 真实原因real cause,
2021年托福写作讲义
复习建议 敲字和单词量，电脑上听写、写字板里练习写作 重复阅读官方指南第五章249-293和321-343 分类读185题库，列提纲，贯彻详细细节，查字典 分类写文章，修改到完美，准备机经 练习3分钟看一篇短文，做笔记然后重述能力 练习听学术段子，重述能力，建议93篇学术段子 练习可以从不计时到计时，量变到质量 三角和巴朗练习 一、独立写作评分原则 An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following: ●Effective ad dresses the topic and task ●Is well organized and well developed,using clearly appropriate explanations,exemplification,and/or details ●Displays unity，progression，and coherence ●Displays consistent facility in the use of language，demonstrating syntactic variety，appropriate word choice，and idiomaticity，though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors. OG 325-343 effectively:in a way that produces the intended result or a successful result organized:arranged or planned in a particular order or structure developed:to make an idea clearer by explaining it further explanation:a statement,fact or situation that tells you why a reason given for sth unity:the state of looking or being complete in a natural and pleasing way progression:the process of developing gradually from one stage to another coherence:of different ideas,arguments,sentences to have a clear logical connection so that together they make a whole consistent:always behaving in the same way ,or having the same opinions standard
托福强化写作讲义
写作提高： 1. 中文思维——看到题目有话可说； 2. 英文表达——正确恰当把中文思维体现成英文 细节，结构，语言 细节：清晰恰当的举例或“说明”能力；并不是一定出现for example，论据：why, what, how 结构：正常的逻辑说话顺序 不重视语言。 语言：讲究用简单的话陈述深刻的道理； 不是用复杂的话陈述简单的道理 审题：1. 问法：which one, A & D （10-30 sec.） 2. 思考什么现象导致出此题目（30-60 sec.）
思考方式：1.过去和今天对比；2.以自身为背景; 3. 细化主题词 写作： A 开头部分 题目背景：1.通过现象 2.引出话题 3-5mins 50字 主题句（开头）用肯定的语言概括文章将来结构（理由，例子） B 论证部分 1 （1）key words和题目相同（尽量保持题目语序） （2）概括此段大意（尽量概括论据） （3）简单准确 2 解释1句 3 解释2句论据：why / what / how 4 解释3句
C 结尾部分 主题句（结尾）清晰明确 递进 A & D（含有绝对词） 第1段：BI(Back Information) 第2段：去掉绝对词（或把绝对词变限定词）肯定 第3段：加上绝对词否定 第4段：TS (Thesis Statement) + 递进(取决于&不得不) “含绝对词立论文”出题形式 A is the most important. & A is more important than B. 2. A is important. 3. However, B is the same important. 4. I disagree that A is the “most” important. (1) It depends on …… whether A or B is
托福写作技巧(总结)
把教授如何反驳文章中三个分论点挺清楚，例子都是阅读文章里的所以不用记，听力里主要是在讲阅读文章中的例子有哪些缺陷或不严谨的地方，从而无法成为有效的论据，甚至成为别的观点的论据。 有自己的写作模式、写作套路。 先不限时写几篇，写完一篇就立刻打印出来逐字逐句修改（电脑上改容易偷懒），把过于简单的词和句子一一替换，注意别用太难的词和没把握的词，能用到6级词汇就差不多了，心情好了再拽两个托福词汇上去也就足够了。我觉得最好用的就是形容词和副词，可以记几个托福水平的精彩形容词和副词，选择自己看着顺眼的，在平凡的名词前加好看的形容词，在平淡的句子里随处放置抢眼的副词，这样文章一下子就丰富起来了。 插入语，句式变换，每段第一句试着倒装、或用被动语态 多用具体的详细的例子，别停留在就事论事上，可以试着延伸到生活的其他方面 注意线性思维，“总分总” 托福作文写五段，第一段是中心思想段，二三四是支持段落，最后是总结段落 无论是综合写作还是独立写作，考生追求的基本目标是把想说的意思用书面英语表达清楚，让阅卷人读懂和明白。从语言角度来说，有两大标准，即准确性和多样化。能够达到词词准确，又使用到不同的词句来表达相同、相似的意思，从语言角度来说已经符合托福考试的高分要求。 仿写。只看不写，永远不能将输入语言化成输出语言。尽量仿写整句，保持原句结构，替换内容！ In a word, it is rather superficial to simply say that.........+观点：In a word, it is rather superficial to simply say that parents are the best teachers。用一句话说，简单地认为父母是最好的老师是相当肤浅的。 综合写作部分的评分标准： 1、内容的完整性和准确性。简单地说，就是文章是否有将讲座中的关键信息点完整、准确地提 取出来，并和阅读材料中的相关内容有效地一一对应。如果讲座中的信息点有缺失，那么会有一定程度 的扣分；如果只写了有关阅读材料的观点，得1分。 文章的组织机构，词汇和语法的正确性和准确性。高分的作文需要做到条理清晰，结构连贯，用词 恰当，能够准确地表达讲座中的观点与阅读材料中的观点是如何相互联系的，只要作文中的错误不至于 使内容表述出现误解，一些偶尔出现的语言错误，如单词拼写、单复数问题等，不会对作文成绩产生很 大影响，当然，错误肯定是越少越好的。 独立写作部分的评分标准： 1、有效回应题目，阐明文章主题。一般来说，独立写作完全跑题的情况很少，但是很多考生在 展开讨论时所采用的论据，比较容易出现跟主题关联性不大的情况，即局部答非所问的现象，从而影响 了得分。2、逻辑条理清楚，论证充分展开。这一点的关键在于文章论证的展开，是否提供了大量的细节和例子来支持观点，而非泛泛而谈地说理。3、内容连贯一致，衔接自然流畅。达到内容连贯一致的文章通常全文围绕中心论点展开，而不会论据自相矛盾，也不会重复论证，有时候通过一些表示因果、先后、递进的关系连词可以起到粘合剂的作用。4、遣词造句地道，语言驾驭娴熟。托福考试终究是语言考试，最终还是要考查考生的语言运用能力，但是要注意的是，并不是要求考生通篇都用难词偏语长句，而是要会变化着用一些美国人常用的语句把自己的想法表达清楚，所以建议考生尽量多阅读和模仿英文原版材料，这样写出来的文章才能够原汁原味。