直通异径视镜,直通异径视镜规格尺寸,直通异径视镜的维修与保养
操作工化工设备常识性知识
操作工化工设备常识性知识1、设备巡检的五字经是：听、摸、查、看、闻2、设备管理中的四懂三会：懂原理、懂构造、懂性能、懂工艺流程；会操作、会保养、会排除故障。
3、化工管道上五大类阀门有：闸阀、截止阀、球阀、单向阀、蝶阀。
其它常见阀门还有：柱塞阀、安全阀、疏水阀、隔膜阀、衬里阀、减压阀、阻尼阀等。
4、压力容器的基本结构：筒体、封头、法兰、支座、接管、人孔、液位计及视镜等，常见的有卧式贮运压力容器，立式压力容器（塔器）。
5、化工管件有：弯头、三通、异径管、活接头、法兰盖、盲板、异径三通、管帽等。
6、常见弯头有：90°、45°、60°、180°。
弯头半径有倍数关系，一般为公称直径DN的1、1.5倍。
7、制作密封垫片的材料有：特殊纸板、橡胶板、石棉板、软金属片、低碳钢金属材料、聚四氟乙烯、膨胀石墨及密封胶液等。
8、一般泵的叶轮、普通电机转子及风机叶轮的动平衡精度等级为：G6.3。
9、承压特种设备的安全附件有：安全阀、爆破片、液位计、温度计、数据采集处理装置。
10、压力容器定期检验分哪几类？其检验周期是如何规定的？分三种：1)外部检查，每年一次；2）内部检验，安全状态等级为1、2级的每6年至少一次，安全状况为3级的每三年至少一次；3）耐压试验，对固定容器，每2次内外部检验至少进行一次；对移动式每六年至少一次。
11、特种设备安装前，应书面告知什么部门？直辖市或设区的市的特种设备安全监督管理部门12、特种设备的重大违法行为有：1）特种设备的无证设计；2）特种设备的无证使用；3）特种设备的无证安装、改造、维修；4）特种设备的无证操作；5）特种设备的无定期检验。
13、在用锅炉安全阀每年至少校验：一次。
14、管道法兰密封面名称及代号：按国标规定法兰密封面名称及代号如下：平面：FF；凸面：RF；凸凹面:MF；榫槽面:TG；环连接面：RJ15、钢材的品种有钢板、钢管、型钢等。
钢板：钢板分薄钢板、中钢板、厚钢板三类。
工艺管道规格表说明
HNUT-A7-M直径
双头螺栓35号
钢/六角螺母 STUD-A6/A7-M直径×长度
25号钢
PL
SO
WN
BW
SW
Rc
R
NPT
RF
FE
ME
FM
RJ
A1 20号钢(GB/T8163-1999) A2 10号钢 A3 Q235-A A4 Q235-A.F A5 20锅(20G) A6 35号钢 A7 25号钢 A8 20号钢(GB/9948-88) X1 Q235-A.F镀锌
型号
WLET-A1-Φ外径(小)/SCH×Φ外径(大)/SCH SLET-A1-Φ外径(小)/SCH×Φ外径(大)/SCH TLET-A1-Rc-Φ外径(小)/SCH×Φ外径(大)/SCH NLET-A1-R-Φ外径(小)/SCH×Φ外径(大)/SCH CPHW-A1-Φ外径/SCH CPFW-A1-Φ外径/SCH CPRW-A1-Φ外径(大)/SCH×Φ外径(小)/SCH CPHS-X2-Rc-DN/SCH CPFS-X2-Rc-DN/SCH CPRS-X2-Rc-DN(大)/SCH×DN(小)/SCH PLHX-A1-R-DN PLSQ-A1-R-DN PLRH-A1-R-DN UNSW-A1-Φ外径/SCH UNSC-A1-Rc-DN/SCH BLRF-A1-PN-DN SPRF-A1-PN-DN SBRF-A1-PN-DN BLFM-A1-PN-DN SBFM-A1-PN-DN BLRJ-A1-PN-DN SPRJ-A1-PN-DN SBRJ-A1-PN-DN BLMM-A1-PN-DN SBMM-A1-PN-DN GZ1/2"-A1-160Ⅰ GWM33×2-A1-160Ⅰ HCDN-1
COMG-KG-DN-PNRF
管件中英文对照表
●1。
2 管件 Fitting弯头 elbow异径弯头 reducing elbow带支座弯头 base elbowk半径弯头 long radius elbow短半径弯头 short radius elbow长半径180°弯头 long radius return短半径180°弯头 short radius return带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向）side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand）双支管弯头（形) double branchelbow三通 tee异径三通 reducing tee等径三通 straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向) side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand)异径三通（分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee（reducing on one run)带支座三通 base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet）异径三通(两个直通口为异径,双头式） reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通 45° lateral45°斜三通(支管为异径） 45° lateral （reducing on branch)45°斜三通（一个直通口为异径） 45° lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通（一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run andbranch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true “Y"四通 cross等径四通 straight cross异径四通reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径)reducing cross （reducing on one outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径) reducing cross （reducing on one run and outlet）异径四通（两个分支口为异径) reducing cross (reducing on both outlet）异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径） reducing cross （reducing on one run and both outlet)异径管 reducer同心异径管 concentric reducer偏心异径管 eccentric reducer锻制异径管reducing swage螺纹支管台 threadolet焊接支管台weldolet承插支管台sockolet弯头支管台 elbolet斜接支管台latrolet镶入式支管嘴sweepolet短管支管台 nipolet支管台，插入式支管台 boss●螺纹支管台Threadolet●弯头支管台elbolet●焊接支管台weldolet；on weld●短管支管台nipolet●承插支管台sockolet●烧焊支管台weldolet●斜接支管台latrolet●承插焊支管台Sockolet●支管台，插入式支管台boss管接头 coupling, full coupling半管接头 half coupling异径管接头 reducing coupling活接头union内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯） bushing管帽 cap （C）堵头 plug短节 nipple异径短节 reducing nipple； swage nipple管道英文缩写A Anchor 固定ABS ＊Absolute 绝对的AISI ＊American Iron andSteelInstitute 美国钢铁学会ANSI *American National Standards Institute 美国国家标准学会API ＊American Petroleum Institute 美国石油学会APPROX ＊Approximate 大约，近似的ASB Asbestos 石棉ASME ＊American Society Of Mechanical Engineers美国机械工程师协会ASSY ＊Assembly 装配，组装ASTM ＊American Society Of Testing Material 美国材料实验协会ATM *Atmosphere 大气压AWG *American Wire Gage 美国线规AWS *American Wel**** Society 美国焊接协会AWWA *American Water WorksAssociation 美国水工协会BBB Bolted Bonnet 栓柱连接的阀盖BB By Buyer 买方供货B—B Beveled End-Beveled End 两端为坡口端BC Bolt Circle 螺栓中心圆B.C Bolted Cover（cap) 螺栓连接的阀兰盖（帽）BE Beveled End (for wel＊*＊＊) 坡口(焊接用）B.E Bell End 承口BEP Both Ends Plain 两端平BET Both Ends Threaded两端带螺纹BL Battery Limit 装置区边界BF Blind Flange 盲板法兰BLD Blind 盲板BLDG *Buil＊＊*＊建筑物BM Bill Of Material 材料表BOP Bottom Of Pipe 管底B—P Beveled End —Plain End 坡口端.平端BVButterfly valve 蝶阀BWG * Birmingham Wire Gage 伯明翰线规BWButt Weld对焊CC Cap 管帽C-C Center to Center 中至中C—E Center to End 中至端面C-F Center to Face 中至面CH—OP Chain Operated 链条操纵的CH.PL Checkered Plate 花纹钢管C.I ＊Cast Iron 铸铁CL ＊Class 英制压力等级,等级，种类CLEAR Clearance 间隙COD Continued on Drawing 接续图COL *Column 柱，塔CONC Concentric 同心的CONN Connection 连接，接口CONT ＊Continue 连续CONT。
管道专业术语(中英)
管道专业术语1 总则1.1 为了确保压力管道设计质量，规范压力管道配管术语，特制定本规定。
1.2 本规定适用于本公司压力管道前期设计(基础设计)文件和施工图设计文件的设计。
1.3 引用标准《石油化工企业配管工程术语》(SH/T3051)。
2 一般部分2.1 配管piping 按工艺流程、生产操作、施工、维修等要求进行的管道组装。
2.2 公称直径nominal diameter 表征管子、管件、阀门等口径的名义内直径。
2.3 公称压力nominal pressure 管子、管件、阀门等在规定温度下允许承受的以压力等级表示的工作压力。
2.4 工作压力working pressure 管子、管件、阀门等在正常操作条件下承受的压力。
2.5 设计压力design pressure 在正常操作过程中①,在相应设计温度下，管道可能承受的最高工作压力。
2.6 强度试验压力strength test pressure 管道强度试验的规定压力。
2.7 密封试验压力(严密性试验压力)sea1 test pressure 管道密封试验的规定压力。
2.8 工作温度working temperature 管道在正常操作条件下的温度。
2.9 设计温度design temperature 在正常操作过程中①，在相应设计压力下，管道可能承受的最高或最低温度。
2.10 适用介质suitable medium 在正常操作条件下，适合于管道材料的介质。
3 管子与管道3.1 管子pipe 一般为长度远大于直径的圆筒体，是管道的主要组成部分。
3.2 管道(管路)piping (pipe line) 由管子、管件、阀门等连接成的，输送流体或传递流体压力的通道口。
3.3 管道系统（管系）piping system 单独一组设计条件相互联系的管道。
3.4 管道组成件piping components 连接或装配成管道系统的元件，包括管子、管件、法兰、阀门、支撑件以及补偿器等。
管道专业常用的英文及缩写词
北京石油化工设计院体系文件管道专业常用的英文及缩写词BPDI BE321321-05l 范围本文件规定了管道专业在设计文件上常用的英文及缩写词,在设计文件中使用的其它专业缩写词应按相关专业的规定执行。
本文件适用于管道专业的设计工作。
2 说明本文件编制目的是为了统一用词和词的缩写,使设计文件的用词统一、规范并推荐在图纸上采用英文缩写词,尽量减少使用汉字,以利于国际交流。
文字说明和资料翻译时,应使用本规定的英汉对照词。
3 按中文分类排列北京石油化工设计院2005—7—26批准2005—8—15实施4 按英文字母排列附加说明；本文件由技术质量部归口本文件由（管道）起草本文件编审人员：沈冰魏缤茅仁义袁世隆化工管道设计技术英语词汇(1－2－3)1 管道组成件Piping component1.1管子Pipe管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢stainless steel pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless (SMLS) steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance welded steel pipe电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe热轧无缝钢管hot-rolling seamless pipe冷拔无缝钢管cold-drawing seamless pipe水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube直管run pipe; straight pipe1.2管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow带支座弯头base elbowk半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向）side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand) 双支管弯头（形）double branch elbow三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand) 异径三通（分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式）reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通45° lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径）45° lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true “Y”四通cross等径四通straight cross异径四通reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet)异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer锻制异径管reducing swage螺纹支管台threadolet焊接支管台weldolet承插支管台sockolet弯头支管台elbolet斜接支管台latrolet镶入式支管嘴sweepolet短管支管台nipolet支管台，插入式支管台boss管接头coupling, full coupling半管接头half coupling异径管接头reducing coupling活接头union内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯）bushing管帽cap (C)堵头plug短节nipple异径短节reducing nipple; swage nipple1.3 弯管 Bend预制弯管fabricated pipe bend跨越弯管（^ 形）cross-over bend偏置弯管（~ 形）offset bend90°弯管quarter bend环形弯管cirele bend单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形）single offset quarter bendS形弯管“S” bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形）single offset “U” bendU形弯管“U” bend双偏置U膨胀弯管double offset expansion “U” bend斜接弯管mitre bend三节斜接弯管3-piece mitre bend折皱弯管corrugated bend圆度roundness1.4 法兰Flange (FLG）整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰）slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange (LJF)对焊法兰welding neckflange (WNF)法兰盖blind flange, blind孔板法兰orifice flange异径法兰reducing flange盘座式法兰 pad type flange松套带颈法兰loose hubbed flange焊接板式法兰 welding plate flange对焊环welding neck collar （与stub end相似）平焊环welding-on collar突缘短节stub end, lap翻边端lapped pipe end松套板式法兰loose plate flange压力级pressure rating, pressure rating class压力—温度等级pressure-temperature rating法兰密封面，法兰面flange facing突面raised face (RF)凸面male face (MF)凹面female face (FMF)榫面tongue face槽面groove face环连接面ring joint face全平面；满平面flat face; full face (FF)光滑突面smooth raised face (SRF)法兰面加工facing finish粗糙度roughness光滑的smooth齿形serrated均方根root mean square (RMS)算术平均粗糙高度arithmetical average roughness height (AARH)配对法兰companion-flange螺栓圆bolt circle (B.C.)1.5 垫片Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式type of gasket平垫片flat gasket环形平垫片flat ring gasket平金属垫片flat metal gasket夹棉织物的橡胶elastomer with cotton fabric insertion夹石棉织物的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement无石墨压缩白石棉垫片non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片compressed asbestos class gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler内环inner ring外环，外定位环outer ring波纹金属垫片corrugated metal gasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket 双夹套垫片double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket整体金属齿形垫片solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片oval ring gasket透镜式垫片lens gasket非金属垫片non-metallic gasket1.6 阀门Valve1.6.1 阀门结构、零件阀轭yoke外螺纹阀杆及阀轭outside screw and yoke (OS & Y)阀杆stem内螺纹inside screw (IS)阀轭套yoke sleeve阀杆环stem ring阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈seat ring整体（阀）座integral seat堆焊（阀）座deposited seat阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件）trim阀盘disc阀盘密封圈disc seat阀体body阀盖bonnet阀盖衬套bonnet bush螺纹阀帽screw cap螺纹阀盖screw bonnet螺栓连接的阀盖bolted bonnet (BB)活接阀盖（帽）union bonnet (cap)螺栓连接的阀帽bolted cap (BC)焊接阀盖welded bonnet (WB)本体阀杆密封body stem seal石棉安全密封asbestos emenen seal倒密封back seal压力密封的阀盖pressure-tight bonnet动力操纵器powered operator电动操纵器electric motor operator气动操纵器pneumatic operator液压操纵器hydraulic operator快速操纵器quick-acting operator滑动阀杆sliding stem正齿轮传动spur gear operated伞齿轮传动bevel gear operated扳手操作wrench operated链轮chain wheel手轮hand wheel手柄hand lever (handle)气缸（或液压缸）操纵的cylinder operated链条操纵的chain operated等径孔道full bore; full port异径孔道reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port 短型short pattern紧凑型（小型）compact type笼式环lantern ring压盖gland阀杆填料stem packing阀盖垫片bonnet gasket升杆式（明杆）rising stem (RS)非升杆式（暗杆）non-rising stem (NRS)指示器/限位器indicator/stopper注油器grease injector可更换的阀座环renewable seat ring1.6.2 常用阀(1）闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat开口楔形闸板split wedge挠性整体楔形闸扳flexible solid wedge整体楔形闸板solid wedge塞型闸阀plug gate valve直通型闸阀through conduit gate valve(2) 截止阀globe valve球心型阀盘globe type disc塞型阀盘plug type disc可转动的阀盘swivel disc(3) 节流闪阀throttle valve针阀needle valve(4) 角阀angle valve(5) Y型阀（Y 型阀体截止阀）Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)(6) 球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve装有底轴的trunnion mounted耐火型fire浮动球型floating ball type防脱出阀杆blowout proof stem(7) 蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式（薄片型）wafer type凸耳式lug type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve8) 柱塞阀piston type valve(9) 旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock(10) 隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve堰式隔膜阀weir diaphragm valve(11) 夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等）(12) 止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve, flap check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve双板对夹式止回阀dual plate wafer type check valve无撞击声止回阀non-slam cheek valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve; non-return valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve斜翻盘止回阀tilting disc check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve1.6.3 其它用途的阀安全泄气阀safety valve (SV)安全泄液阀relief valve (RV)安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀pilot operated safety valve复式安全泄气阀twin type safety valve罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve电磁阀solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve电动阀electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阎mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open bucket trap, open top bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀metal expansion steam trap液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀liquid expansion steam trap双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀bimetallic expansion steam trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放气阀（自动放气阀）air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （疏水阀用）平板式滑动闸阀slab type sliding gate valve盖阀flat valve换向阀diverting valve, reversing valve热膨胀阀thermo expansion valve自动关闭阀self-closing gate valve自动排液阀self-draining valve管道盲板阀line-blind valve挤压阀squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等）呼吸阀breather valve风门、挡板damper减压阀pressure reducing valve, reducing valve。
安装工程常用管件、附件
三、阀门 （一）阀门型号及表示方法 工业管道及设备上常用的控件主要是指一些常用的阀门， 它用于控制管道内介质的流量。 常用阀门有闸阀、截止阀、节流阀、球阀、蝶阀、隔膜阀、 旋塞阀、止回阀、安全阀、柱塞阀、减压阀和疏水阀。
（二）各种阀门的结构及选用特点 阀门按其动作特点分为两大类，即驱动阀门和自动阀门。 驱动阀门是用手操纵或其它动力操纵的阀门。 ——如截止阀、节流阀（针型阀）、闸阀、旋塞阀等，均属 这类阀门。 自动阀门是借助于介质本身的流量、压力或温度参数发生变 化而自行动作的阀门。 ——如止回阀（逆止阀、单流阀）、安全阀、浮球阀、减压 阀、跑风阀和疏水器等，均属自动阀门。
填料式补偿器安装方便,占地面积小,流体阻力较小,补偿能力 较大。 缺点是轴向推力大,易漏水漏气,需经常检修和更换填料。如 管道 变形有横向位秱时,易造成填料圈卡住。 这种补偿器主要用在安装方形补偿器时空间丌够的场合。 人工补偿器在热力管道上,波形补偿器只用于管径较大(300mm 以上)、压力较低的(0.6MPa)的场合。 它的优点是结构紧凑,只发生轴向变形,不方形补偿器相比占据空 间位置小。 缺点是制造比较困难、耐压低、补偿能力小、轴向推力大。 它的补偿能力不波形管的外形尺寸、壁厚、管径大小有关。
（四）阀门操纵装置 阀门操纵装置是为了在适当的位置能够操纵距离比较进的 阀门而设置的一种装置。 （五）套管 套管分为柔性套管、刚性套管、钢管套管及铁皮套管等几种， 前两种套管用填料密封，适用于穿过水池壁、防爆车间的墙壁 等。 后两种套管只适用于穿过一般建筑物楼层或墙壁丌需要密封 的管道。
（六）补偿器 1）自然补偿。 自然补偿是利用管路几何形状所具有的弹性来吸收热变形。 最常见的管道自然补偿法是将管道两端以仸意角度相接,多 为两管道垂直相交。 自然补偿的缺点是管道变形时会产生横向的位秱,而且补偿 的管段丌能很大。 自然补偿分为L形和Z形两种。
管件中英文对照表
管件中英文对照表-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1弯头 elbow异径弯头 reducing elbow带支座弯头 base elbow长半径弯头（标准倍弯曲半径）long radius elbow三通 tee异径三通 reducing tee等径三通 straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向） side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand)异径三通（分支口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通 base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式） reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通 45° lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径） 45° lateral (reducing on branch) 45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true “Y”四通 cross等径四通 straight cross异径四通 reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet)异径管 reducer同心异径管 concentric reducer偏心异径管 eccentric reducer锻制异径管 reducing swage螺纹支管台 threadolet焊接支管台 weldolet承插支管台 sockolet弯头支管台 elbolet斜接支管台 latrolet镶入式支管嘴 sweepolet短管支管台nipolet支管台，插入式支管台 boss螺纹支管台Threadolet弯头支管台elbolet焊接支管台weldolet；on weld短管支管台nipolet承插支管台sockolet烧焊支管台weldolet斜接支管台latrolet承插焊支管台Sockolet支管台，插入式支管台boss管接头 coupling, full coupling 半管接头 half coupling异径管接头 reducing coupling活接头 union内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯） bushing管帽 cap (C)堵头 plug短节 nipple异径短节 reducing nipple; swagenipple管道英文缩写A Anchor 固定ABS * Absolute 绝对的AISI *American Iron and Steel Institute美国钢铁学会ANSI * American National Standards Institute 美国国家标准学会API *American Petroleum Institute 美国石油学会APPROX *Approximate 大约，近似的ASB Asbestos 石棉?ASME *American Society Of Mechanical Engineers美国机械工程师协会ASSY * Assembly 装配，组装ASTM * American Society Of Testing Material 美国材料实验协会ATM * Atmosphere 大气压AWG * American Wire Gage 美国线规AWS * American Wel**** Society 美国焊接协会AWWA * American Water Works Association 美国水工协会B?BB Bolted Bonnet 栓柱连接的阀盖BB By Buyer 买方供货B-B Beveled End-Beveled End 两端为坡口端BC Bolt Circle 螺栓中心圆?Bolted Cover(cap) 螺栓连接的阀兰盖（帽）BE Beveled End (for wel****) 坡口（焊接用）Bell End 承口BEP Both Ends Plain 两端平BET Both Ends Threaded 两端带螺纹BL Battery Limit 装置区边界BF Blind Flange 盲板法兰BLD Blind盲板BLDG *Buil**** 建筑物BM Bill Of Material 材料表BOP Bottom Of Pipe 管底B-P Beveled End —Plain End 坡口端.平端BV Butterfly valve 蝶阀BWG * Birmingham Wire Gage 伯明翰线规BW Butt Weld 对焊CC Cap 管帽C-C Center to Center 中至中C-E Center to End 中至端面C-F Center to Face 中至面CH-OP Chain Operated 链条操纵的Checkered Plate 花纹钢管*Cast Iron 铸铁CL *Class 英制压力等级，等级，种类CLEAR Clearance 间隙COD Continued on Drawing 接续图COL *Column 柱，塔CONC Concentric 同心的CONN Connection 连接，接口CONT *Continue 连续. Control Valve 控制阀CPLG Coupling 管接头，连轴节. Concentric Reducer 同心异径管. *Carbon Steel 碳钢. Cold Spring 冷紧Car Seal Close 在关闭状态下封住Car Seal Open 在开启状态下封住CUST Customer 客CH Check Valve 止回阀DEG *Degree 度DF Drain funnel 排液漏斗DIA *Diameter 直径DIM *Dimension 尺寸DISCH *Discharge 出口，排出Diaphragm VELVE 隔膜阀DMF Double Male And Female 双重凹凸DN? Norminal Diameter公称直径DN Down 下DR Drain 排液DS Directional Stop 定向限为架DWG * Drawing 图EE *East 东EC External Coating 外面涂防腐层ECC Eccentric 偏心EFW Electric Fusion Welded 电容焊的EL(ELEV) *Elevation 标高；立面ELL Elbow 弯头EQIOP Equipment设备，装置EQUIV Equivalent 相当的. Eccentric Reducer 偏心异经管ERW Electric Resistance Welded 电阻焊的EW Eye Washer & Shower 洗眼器及淋浴器 Expansion Joint 膨胀节FFDN Foundation基础FF Flat Faced Or Full Faced 全平面；满平面F-F Face To Face 面至面FGW Fusion Gas Wel**** 气熔焊FIG *Figure 图FL Floor 楼面FLEX TUBE Flexible Tube 挠性管FLG Flange 法兰FLGD Flanged 法兰式的FLGF Flanged Face 法兰面FOB Flat On Bottom 底面平FOT Flat On Top 顶面平FP Fix Point 固定点FS Forged Steel 锻钢FTF Fitting To Fitting 管件直连FTG Fitting 管件FURND Furnished 提供的，装设的FW Field Weld 现场焊G Guide 导向GA * Gage 表，表压，规（线规）GALV *Galvanize 镀锌GL Ground Level 地面GLV Globe Valve 截止阀GEAR OP Gear Operated 齿轮传动的GMAW Gas Metal Arc Wel**** 金属极惰气体保护焊GSKT Gasket 垫片GTAW (Inert)Gas Tungsten Arc Wel**** 惰性气体保护钨极电弧焊GV Gate Valve 闸阀HH Hanger 吊架HC Hose Connection 软管接头Half Coupling 半节管接头HDR Header 总管HEX *Hexagon 六角形HF Hard Alloy Face on阀内件（阀心）为Valve Trim 硬质合金密封面HH Hand Hole 手孔HOR Horizontal 水平的* High Pressure 高压HS Hose Station 软管IID * Inside Diameter 内径IN * Inch 英寸INS Insulation 隔热INST Instrument仪表INV Invert (inside bottom of pipe) 管子内底IPS Iron Pipe size 铁管尺寸ISO Isometric Drawing 周测图（空视图）Inside Battery Limit 装置边界内恻ISNS Inside screw & Non-rising Stem 内螺纹非升杆ISRS Inside screw & Rising stem 内螺纹升杆JJT Joint 接头JS Jack Screw 顶开（起）螺栓LLC Locked Closed 在关闭状态下锁定LEP Large end plain 大端为平的LET Large end Threaded 大端带螺纹LG Long 长LGF Lens Gasket Face 透镜垫连接面. THD Left Hand Thread 左螺纹LIFT Lift Type 升降式LJ Lap Joint 搭接LJF Lap Joint Flange 松套法兰LO Locked Open 在开启状态下锁定. Low Pressure 低压LR Long Radius 长半径LRE Long Radius Elbow 长半径弯头LTG Large Tongue & Groove 大椎槽MMATL Material 材料MAX Maximum 最大MB Machine Bolt 机器螺栓（单头）MF Male and Female 凸和凹MFG Manufacture 制造MF * Manufacture 制造厂MH Manhole 人孔MI Malleable Iron 可锻铸铁MIN *Minimum 最小MJ Mechanical Joint 机械接头Match Line 连续线MSS * Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc.美国阀门和管件制造商标准化协会MTO Material take-off 材料统计MW Minimum Wall 最小壁厚. Mineral Wool 矿（物）棉NN * North 北NB Nominal Bore 公称孔径. Non-Bonnet 无阀盖NC Normally Closed 常闭NIP Nipple 短管NO Normally Open; 常开*Number号；数量NO INS No Insulation 不隔热NOM Nominal 公称的；额定的NOZ Nozzle 管口NPS Nominal Pipe Size 公称管径NPSH Net Positive Suction Head 净正吸入压头NPT *American National Taper 美国锥管螺纹Pipe ThreadNS Nominal Size 公称直径NV Needle Valve 针形阀OOD *Outside Diameter 外径OET One end Threaded 一端带螺纹OR Outside Radius 外半径ORF Orifice 孔板ORIENT Orientation 方位OS & Y Outside Screw and Yoke 外螺纹阀杆和阀轭OSNB Outside Screw Non-Bonnet 外螺纹无阀盖PP Plug 堵头PAP Piping Arrangement Plan管道布置平面图PB Pressure Seal Bonnet 压力密封的阀盖P-B Plain End –Bevel End 平端—坡口端PC Pressure Seal Cap 压力密封的阀帽Pitch Circle Diameter 节圆直径PE Plain End (not beveled) 平端（无坡口）PF Platform 平台PID Piping & Instrument Diagram管道及仪表流程图PN *Nominal Pressure 公称压力PN Plant North 工厂北向POS point of Support 支承点P-P Plain End—Plain End 两端为平端PREP Preparation 加工准备PSIA *Pounds Per Square InchAbsolute 磅/PSIG Pounds Per Square Inch Gage 磅/PT Point 点PTFE *Polytetrafluoroethylene 聚四氟乙烯Part No. 件号PV Plug Valve 旋塞阀PVC *Poly Vinyl Chloride 聚氯乙烯QQTY *Quantity 数量RR * Radius 半径RED Reducer 异径管REF Reference 参考REINF Reinforce 加强REQD Required 需要；申请REV *Revision 修改RF Raised Face 凸面RG Ring Gasket 环形垫片Right Hand Thread 右螺旋RJ Ring Joint 环垫接头RO Restriction Orifice 限流孔板RPM * Revolutions Per Minute 转/分RPS * Revolutions Per Second 转/秒RS Resting Support 支承架，滑动架RTJ Ring Type Joint（见RJ）RV Relief Valve 安全泄液阀SS *South 南S Spring 弹簧（管架用）SAW (Automatic)Submerged Arc Wel**** 自动埋弧焊SB Stud Bolt 双头螺栓SB Screwed Bonnet 螺纹阀盖SC Sample Cooler 取样冷却器SCH * Schedule 管壁厚系列号SCRD Screwed 螺纹SEP Small end Plain 小端为平的SET Small end Threaded 小端带螺纹SF Semi-Finished 半光SG Sight Glass 视镜SH Surface Hard Facing 硬质密封面SK Sketch 草图SMAW Shielded Metal Arc Wel**** 有保护的金属电弧焊SMLS Seamless 无缝SN Swaged Nipple 异径短管SO Slip – On 滑套SOF Slip – On Flange 滑套法兰SPEC * Specification 规定，说明SPL Sound Pressure Lever 升压水准SQ * Square 方的，平方SR Shout Radius 短半径SRE Short Radius Elbow 短半径弯头SS *Stainless Steel 不锈钢ST Steam Trap蒸汽疏水阀STD *Standard 标准STG Small Tongue & Groove 小椎槽面STL *Steel 钢STM Steam 蒸汽Steam Tracing 蒸汽拌热SUCT Suction 吸入口SV Safety Valve 安全泄气阀SW Socket Weld 承插焊SWG Swage 锻造，模锻SWMG Swing Type 旋启式SYM Symmetrical 对称的TT Tee 三通TE Threaded End 螺纹端TEMP *Temperature温度TG Tongue & Groove 椎槽THD *Threaded 螺纹的THK *Thickness 厚度TL Tangent Line 切线TN True North 真实北向TOC Top of Concrete 混凝土北向TOP Top of pipe 管顶TOS Top of Support 支架顶面Top Top of Steel 钢结构顶面TY P Typical 典型的UUB Union Bonnet 带活接头的阀盖UC Union Cap 带活接头的阀帽UN Union 活接头VV Valve 阀VAC Vacuum 真空VAR Variable 可变的VERT Vertical 垂直的VOL *Volume 卷，册，容量，体积WW * West 西WB Weld Branch 焊接支管WC Weld Cap 焊接管帽WD Width 宽度WE Weld End 焊接端WL Wel**** Line 焊接线WN Wel**** Neck 对焊法兰（颈部）WNF Weld Neck Flange 对焊法兰WP Working Pressure 工作压力. Working Point 工作点WT Wall Thickness 壁厚Weight 重量XXH Extra Heavy 加强的，加厚的XXH Double Extra Heavy 双倍加强（厚）的XS Extra Strong 加强的XXS Double Extra Strong 双倍加强的YYP Yield Point 屈服点管件 Fitting弯头 elbow异径弯头 reducing elbow带支座弯头 base elbowk半径弯头 long radius elbow短半径弯头 short radius elbow长半径180°弯头 long radius return短半径180°弯头 short radius return带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向） side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand)双支管弯头（形） double branch elbow三通 tee异径三通 reducing tee等径三通 straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向） side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand)异径三通（分支口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通 base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式） reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通 45° lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径） 45° lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true “Y”四通 cross等径四通 straight cross异径四通 reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径 reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet)异径管 reducer同心异径管 concentric reducer偏心异径管 eccentric reducer锻制异径管 reducing swage螺纹支管台 threadolet焊接支管台 weldolet承插支管台 sockolet弯头支管台 elbolet斜接支管台 latrolet镶入式支管嘴 sweepolet短管支管台 nipolet支管台，插入式支管台 boss管接头 coupling, full coupling半管接头 half coupling异径管接头 reducing coupling活接头 union内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯） bushing 管帽 cap (C)堵头 plug短节 nipple异径短节 reducing nipple; swage nipple 弯管 Bend预制弯管 fabricated pipe bend跨越弯管（^ 形） cross-over bend偏置弯管（~ 形） offset bend90°弯管 quarter bend环形弯管 cirele bend单侧偏置90°弯管（形） single offset quarter bend S形弯管“S” bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| 形）single offset “U” bendU形弯管“U” bend双偏置U膨胀弯管double offset expansion “U” bend斜接弯管 mitre bend三节斜接弯管 3-piece mitre bend折皱弯管 corrugated bend圆度 roundness法兰 Flange (FLG）整体管法兰 integral pipe flange钢管法兰 steel pipe flange螺纹法兰 threaded flange滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰） slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange承插焊法兰 socket welding flange松套法兰 lap joint flange (LJF)对焊法兰 welding neck flange (WNF)法兰盖 blind flange, blind孔板法兰 orifice flange异径法兰 reducing flange盘座式法兰pad type flange松套带颈法兰 loose hubbed flange焊接板式法兰welding plate flange对焊环 welding neck collar （与stub end相似）平焊环 welding-on collar突缘短节 stub end, lap翻边端 lapped pipe end松套板式法兰 loose plate flange压力级 pressure rating, pressure rating class 压力—温度等级 pressure-temperature rating法兰密封面，法兰面 flange facing突面 raised face (RF)凸面 male face (MF)凹面 female face (FMF)榫面 tongue face槽面 groove face环连接面 ring joint face全平面；满平面 flat face; full face (FF)光滑突面 smooth raised face (SRF)法兰面加工 facing finish粗糙度 roughness光滑的 smooth齿形 serrated均方根 root mean square (RMS)算术平均粗糙高度 arithmetical average roughness height (AARH)配对法兰 companion-flange螺栓圆 bolt circle .)垫片 Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式 type of gasket平垫片 flat gasket环形平垫片 flat ring gasket平金属垫片 flat metal gasket夹棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with cotton fabric insertion夹石棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement无石墨压缩白石棉垫片 non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片 natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片 compressed asbestos class gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片 PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片 spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler内环 inner ring外环，外定位环 outer ring波纹金属垫片 corrugated metal gasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片 corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片 corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket双夹套垫片 double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片 flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket整体金属齿形垫片 solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片 grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片 ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片 octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片 oval ring gasket透镜式垫片 lens gasket非金属垫片 non-metallic gasketTOE是Threaded One End的缩写，意思是一端螺纹POE是Plain One End的缩写，意思是一端平口TBE是Threaded Both End的缩写，意思是两端螺纹PBE是Plain Both End的缩写，意思是两端平口TOE&POE就是一端平口，另一端螺纹连接TBE是两头都是螺纹连接PBE是两头都是平口（焊接）BBE 两端都是坡口31。
管道管件常用英语(全面、实用、难得).
管道管件常用英语1 管道组成件Piping component1.1 管子Pipe管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢stainless steel pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless (SMLS) steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance welded steel pipe电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe热轧无缝钢管hot-rolling seamless pipe冷拔无缝钢管cold-drawing seamless pipe水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube直管run pipe; straight pipe1.2 管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow带支座弯头base elbowk半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向）side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand)双支管弯头（形）double branch elbow三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand)异径三通（分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式）reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通45° lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径）45° lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true “Y”四通cross等径四通straight cross异径四通reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet) 异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer锻制异径管reducing swage螺纹支管台threadolet焊接支管台weldolet承插支管台sockolet弯头支管台elbolet斜接支管台latrolet镶入式支管嘴sweepolet短管支管台nipolet支管台，插入式支管台boss管接头coupling, full coupling半管接头half coupling异径管接头reducing coupling活接头union内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯）bushing管帽cap (C)堵头plug短节nipple异径短节reducing nipple; swage nipple预制弯管fabricated pipe bend跨越弯管（^ 形）cross-over bend偏置弯管（~ 形）offset bend90°弯管quarter bend环形弯管cirele bend单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形）single offset quarter bendS形弯管“S” bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形）single offset “U” bendU形弯管“U” bend双偏置U膨胀弯管double offset expansion “U” bend斜接弯管mitre bend三节斜接弯管3-piece mitre bend折皱弯管corrugated bend圆度roundness1.4 法兰Flange (FLG）整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰）slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange (LJF)对焊法兰welding neckflange (WNF)法兰盖blind flange, blind孔板法兰orifice flange异径法兰reducing flange盘座式法兰pad type flange松套带颈法兰loose hubbed flange焊接板式法兰welding plate flange对焊环welding neck collar （与stub end相似）平焊环welding-on collar突缘短节stub end, lap翻边端lapped pipe end松套板式法兰loose plate flange压力级pressure rating, pressure rating class压力—温度等级pressure-temperature rating法兰密封面，法兰面flange facing突面raised face (RF)凸面male face (MF)凹面female face (FMF)榫面tongue face环连接面ring joint face全平面；满平面flat face; full face (FF)光滑突面smooth raised face (SRF)法兰面加工facing finish粗糙度roughness光滑的smooth齿形serrated均方根root mean square (RMS)算术平均粗糙高度arithmetical average roughness height (AARH)配对法兰companion-flange螺栓圆bolt circle (B.C.)1.5 垫片Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式type of gasket平垫片flat gasket环形平垫片flat ring gasket平金属垫片flat metal gasket夹棉织物的橡胶elastomer with cotton fabric insertion夹石棉织物的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement 无石墨压缩白石棉垫片non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片compressed asbestos class gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler内环inner ring外环，外定位环outer ring波纹金属垫片corrugated metal gasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket双夹套垫片double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket整体金属齿形垫片solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片oval ring gasket透镜式垫片lens gasket非金属垫片non-metallic gasket1.6 阀门Valve1.6.1 阀门结构、零件阀轭yoke外螺纹阀杆及阀轭outside screw and yoke (OS & Y) 阀杆stem内螺纹inside screw (IS)阀轭套yoke sleeve阀杆环stem ring阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈seat ring整体（阀）座integral seat堆焊（阀）座deposited seat阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件）trim阀盘disc阀盘密封圈disc seat阀体body阀盖bonnet阀盖衬套bonnet bush螺纹阀帽screw cap螺纹阀盖screw bonnet螺栓连接的阀盖bolted bonnet (BB)活接阀盖（帽）union bonnet (cap)螺栓连接的阀帽bolted cap (BC)焊接阀盖welded bonnet (WB)本体阀杆密封body stem seal石棉安全密封asbestos emenen seal倒密封back seal压力密封的阀盖pressure-tight bonnet动力操纵器powered operator电动操纵器electric motor operator气动操纵器pneumatic operator液压操纵器hydraulic operator快速操纵器quick-acting operator滑动阀杆sliding stem正齿轮传动spur gear operated伞齿轮传动bevel gear operated扳手操作wrench operated链轮chain wheel手轮hand wheel手柄hand lever (handle)气缸（或液压缸）操纵的cylinder operated链条操纵的chain operated等径孔道full bore; full port异径孔道reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port短型short pattern紧凑型（小型）compact type笼式环lantern ring压盖gland阀杆填料stem packing阀盖垫片bonnet gasket升杆式（明杆）rising stem (RS)非升杆式（暗杆）non-rising stem (NRS)指示器/限位器indicator/stopper注油器grease injector可更换的阀座环renewable seat ring1.6.2 常用阀(1）闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat开口楔形闸板split wedge挠性整体楔形闸扳flexible solid wedge整体楔形闸板solid wedge塞型闸阀plug gate valve直通型闸阀through conduit gate valve(2) 截止阀globe valve球心型阀盘globe type disc塞型阀盘plug type disc可转动的阀盘swivel disc(3) 节流闪阀throttle valve针阀needle valve(4) 角阀angle valve(5) Y型阀（Y 型阀体截止阀）Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)(6) 球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve装有底轴的trunnion mounted耐火型fire safe type浮动球型floating ball type防脱出阀杆blowout proof stem(7) 蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式（薄片型）wafer type凸耳式lug type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve8) 柱塞阀piston type valve(9) 旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock(10) 隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve堰式隔膜阀weir diaphragm valve(11) 夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等）(12) 止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve, flap check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve双板对夹式止回阀dual plate wafer type check valve无撞击声止回阀non-slam cheek valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve; non-return valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve斜翻盘止回阀tilting disc check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve1.6.3 其它用途的阀安全泄气阀safety valve (SV)安全泄液阀relief valve (RV)安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀pilot operated safety valve复式安全泄气阀twin type safety valve罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve电磁阀solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve电动阀electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve 气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阎mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open bucket trap, open top bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀metal expansion steam trap液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀liquid expansion steam trap双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀bimetallic expansion steam trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放气阀（自动放气阀）air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （疏水阀用）平板式滑动闸阀slab type sliding gate valve盖阀flat valve换向阀diverting valve, reversing valve热膨胀阀thermo expansion valve自动关闭阀self-closing gate valve自动排液阀self-draining valve管道盲板阀line-blind valve挤压阀squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等）呼吸阀breather valve风门、挡板damper减压阀pressure reducing valve, reducing valve控制阀control valve膜式控制阀diaphragm operated control valve执行机构actuator背压调节阀back pressure regulating valve差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve压力比例调节阀pressure ratio regulating valve1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀切断阀block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阔jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve多通路阀multiport valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand-operated valve; manually operated valve锻造阀forged valve铸造阀cast valve（水）龙头bibb; bib; faucet抽出液阀（小阀）bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve第一道阀；根部阀primary valve根部阀root valve总管阀header valve事故切断阀emergency valve1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时粗滤器（锥型）temporary strainer (cone type)y 型粗滤器y-type strainerT型粗滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter丝网粗滤器gauze strainer洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷嘴；喷头spray nozzle取样冷却器sample cooler消声器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow expansion joint单波single bellow双波double bellow多波multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节pressure balanced expansion带铰链膨胀节hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节axial movement type expansion joint 自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint 带接杆膨胀节tied expansion joint万向型膨胀节universal type expansion joint球形补偿器ball type expansion joint填函式补偿器slip type (packed type) expansion joint单向滑动填料函补偿器single actionpacked slip joint1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element软管接头hose connection (HC)快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube鞍形补强板reinforcing saddles补强板reinforcement pad特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel排液环drip ring排液漏斗drain funnel插板blank垫环spacer8字盲板spectacle blind; figure 8 blind限流孔板restriction orifice爆破片rupture disk法兰盖贴面protective disc费托立克接头victaulic coupling1.8 端部连接End Connection法兰端flanged end坡口端beveled end (BE)对焊端butt welded end平端plain end (PE)承插焊端socket welding end螺纹端threaded end (TE)承口bell end焊接端welding end法兰连接（接头）flanged joint对焊连接（接头）butt welded joint螺纹连接，管螺纹连接threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 锥管螺纹密封焊连接seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接（接头）socket welded joint承插连接（接头）bell and spigot joint环垫接头ring joint (RJ)万向接头universal joint软钎焊连接（接头）soldered joint搭接接头，松套连接lapped joint外侧厚度切斜角bevel for outside thickncss内侧厚度切斜角bevel for inside thickness内外侧厚度切斜角bevel for combined thickness法兰式的flanged (FLGD)对焊的butt welded (BW)螺纹的threaded (THD)承插焊的socket welded (SW)小端为平的small end plain (SEP)大端为平的large end plain (LEP)两端平both ends plain (BEP)小端带螺纹small end thread (SET)大端带螺纹large end thread (LET)两端带螺纹both end thread (BET)一端带螺纹one end thread (OET)支管连接branch connection焊接支管branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe 2 管道用紧固件及螺纹2.1 紧固件螺栓bolt六角头螺栓hexagonal head bolt方头螺栓square head bolt螺柱，双头螺栓stud bolt环头螺检eye bolt沉头螺栓countersunk (head) screw地脚螺栓anchor bolt; foundation bolt松紧螺旋扣（花篮螺丝）turnbuckleU形螺栓U-boltT形螺栓T-bolt圆头螺钉round head bolt机螺栓，机螺钉maehine bolt顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓Jack screw自攻螺钉self tapping screw膨胀螺栓expansion bolt粗制的coarse精制的finished, fine螺母nut六角螺母hexagonal nut方螺母square nut蝶形螺母wing nut扁螺母flat nut锁紧螺母lock nut垫圈washer平垫圈plain washer球面垫圈spherical washer弹簧垫圈spring washer方垫圈square washer斜垫圈slant washer销轴pinned shan销pin开口销cotter pin定位销dowel pin带孔销pin with hole圆锥销taper pin铆钉rivet键key2.2 螺纹左螺纹left hand thread右螺纹right hand thread管螺纹pipe thread锥管螺纹taper pipe thread直管螺纹straight pipe thread梯形螺纹trapezoid thread螺距pitch of thread粗牙螺纹coarse thread细牙螺纹fine thread特细牙螺纹extra fine thread通长螺纹full thread惠氏螺纹whitworth thread公制螺纹metric ibread美国标准锥管螺纹American standard taper pipe thread (NPT) 螺孔tap3 材料、型钢及填料3.1 金属材料3.1.1 黑色金属Ferrous Metal碳素钢carbon steel (CS)低碳钢low-carbon steel中碳钢medium-carbon steel高碳钢high-carbon steel普通碳素钢general carbon steel优质碳素钢high-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢general structure low-alloy steel合金结构钢structural alloy steel合金钢alloy steel低合金钢low alloy steel中合金钢medium alloy steel高合金钢high alloy steel耐热钢heat resisting steel高强度钢high strength steel复合钢clad steel工具钢tool steel弹簧钢spring steel钼钢molybdenum steel镍钢nickel steel铬钢chromium steel铬钼钢chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel 不锈钢stainless steel (S.S.)奥氏体不锈钢Austenitic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢Martensitic stainless steel司特来合金（钨铬钴台金）Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金Hastelloy铬镍铁合金inconel耐热铬镍铁合金incoloy20合金20 alloy平炉钢（马丁钢）Martin steel镇静钢killed steel半镇静钢semi-killed steel沸腾钢rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel锻钢forged steel铸钢cast steel铸铁cast iron (C.I.)灰铸铁grey cast iron可锻铸铁malleable iron (MI)球墨铸铁nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁pig iron熟铁，锻铁wrought iron铸件casting高硅铸铁high silicon cast iron3.1.2 镀层及制造方法渗铬钢，镀铬钢chromized steel镀铬的chromium-plated, chrome-plated镀层plating锻造，型钢swage锻造的，锻造forging热轧hot rolling冷轧cold rolling挤压extruding冷加工cold working热加工hot working拔制drawing3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal铝aluminum铜，紫铜copper黄铜brass青铜bronze铝青铜aluminum bronze磷青铜phosphor bronze铝镁合金aluminum magnesium锰青铜manganese bronze蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金）Monel镍铜台金nickel copper alloy非铁合金nonferrous alloy钛titanium铅lead硬铅hard lead3.1.4 材料性能极限强度ultimate strength抗拉强度tensile strength屈服极限yield limit屈服点yield point延伸率percentage elongation抗压强度compressive strength抗弯强度bending strength弹性极限elastic limit冲击值impact value疲劳极限fatigue limit蠕变极限creep limit持久极限endurance limit布氏硬度Brinell hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness维氏硬度Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness 蠕变断裂强度creep rupture strength断面收缩率reduction of area脆性brittleness延性ductility冷脆cold shortness冷流cold flow3.2 非金属材料Non-metallic Material塑料plastic丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) 聚乙烯polyethylene (PE)聚氯乙烯polyvinyl chloride (PVC)苯乙烯橡胶styrene-rubber (SR)聚丁烯polybutylene (PB)聚丙烯polypropylene (PP)聚苯乙烯polystyrene (PS)氯化聚醚chlorinated polyether (CPE)聚酰胺polyamide (PA)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate (PC)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)氯化聚氯乙烯chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)聚偏二氟乙烯polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)缩醛塑料acetal plastic尼龙塑料nylon plastic聚烯烃polyolefin (PO)石墨酚醛塑料graphite phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)纤维增强热塑性塑料fiber reinforced thermoplastics热塑性塑料thermoplastic热固性塑料thermosetting plastics胶粘剂adhesive溶剂胶接剂solvent cement树脂resin环氧树脂epoxy, epoxy resin聚酯树脂polyester resin聚酯纤维polyester fibers氟塑料fluoroplastics聚氨基甲酸酯polyurethane丙烯酸树脂acrylic resin脲醛树脂urea resin呋哺树脂furan resin乙烯丙烯二烃单体ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) 合成橡胶synthetic rubber丁腈橡胶nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶neoprene天然橡胶natural rubber乙丙橡胶ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)玻璃glass硼硅玻璃borosilicate glass耐火砖fire brick陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel木材wood3.3 型材型钢shaped steel, section steel, swage角钢angle steel槽钢channel工字钢I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢wide flanged beamT型钢T-bar方钢square bar扁钢flat bar角钢hexagonal steel bar圆钢round steel; rod钢带strap steel钢板plate网纹钢板checkered plate腹板（指型钢的立板）web翼缘（指型钢的缘）wing3.4 填料及填料函填料packing石棉绳asbestos rope, asbestos cord．O形环O-ring自密封self-sealing四氟带Teflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos 浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料Teflon impregnated asbestos packing金属填料metallic stuffing填料箱，填料函packing box, stuffing box填料函压盖stuffing box gland4 管道等级及材料统计4.1 管道材料规定Piping Material Specification管道等级piping class; piping classification管道等级号class designation公称直径nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size公称压力nominal pressure (PN)压力级，等级，类别class (CL)低压low pressure (L.P.)中压medium pressure (M.P.)高压high pressure (H.P.)大气压atmosphere (ATM)真空vacuum工作压力operating pressure; working pressure设计压力design pressure工作温度operating temperature设计温度design temperature环境温度ambient temperature腐蚀裕量corrosion allowance管道附件piping attachment管道元件piping element壁厚wall thickness (WT)壁厚系列号schedule number (SCH. No.)加厚的，加强的extra heavy, extra strong双倍加厚的，双倍加强的double extra heavy, double extra strong通用连接组typieal installation分组（类）形式（如管道等级表）block form数据库data base文件file4.2 材料统计Material Take-off (MTO)汇总表summary sheet材料表bill of material (BM)综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS) 统计材料准确度accuracy of take-off材料情况报告material status report (MSR)散装材料bulk material编位号的itemized代码code number短代码short code数量quantity (QTY)重力weight净重net weight毛重gross weight5 设备布置及管道布置Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement 5.1 设备名称Equipment Name5.1.1 容器Vessel(1) 塔tower, column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower蒸馏塔distillation tower再生塔regenering tower造粒塔prflling tower汽提塔stripper脱气塔degasifier合成塔synthesis tower(2) 反应器reactor聚台釜polymerizer转化器，变换器converter脱硫反应器desulphurization reactor甲烷化器methanator(3) 气柜gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder(4) 槽罐贮罐tank; storage tank缓冲罐knock out drum球罐spheroid, spherical tank罐drum接受槽receiver计量槽measuring tank加料槽feed tank排污罐blow down tank闪蒸罐flash drum汽包steam drum溶液贮槽solution storage tank地下槽sloptank(5) 其它设备分离器separator旋风分离器cyclone分子筛molecular sieve脱氧器deaerator搅拌器agitator干燥器dryer混合器mixer萃取器extractor结晶器crystallizer澄清器gravity settler净化器purifier气化器vaporizer吸附器adsorber融解槽melter减温器desuperheater升压器booster喷射器ejector喷头sprayer火炬flare消声器silencer(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器heat exchanger空冷器air cooler水冷却器water cooler冷凝器condenser螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler急冷器quencher深冷器chiller预热器preheater再热器reheater加热器heater电加热器electric heater过热器super heater给水加热器feed water heater中间冷却器inter cooler后冷却器after cooler5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉炉子furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler烟囱stack废热锅炉waste heat boiler辅助锅炉auxiliary boiler省煤器economizer回热炉direct-fired heater辐射段radiant section对流段convection section裂化炉reformer焚烧炉incinerator回转窑rotary kiln炉管furnace tube吹灰器soot blower观察孔observation door, peep door防爆门explosion door5.2 辅助用房名称5.2.1 生产用房分析室analyzer room变压器室transformer room配电室，变电所substation, switch room蓄电池室battery room控制室control room通风室ventilating room贮藏室storage room维修间maintenance room办公室office5.2.2 生活用房更农室locker room盥洗室，厕所closet, lavatory, toilet5.3 图名管道布置平面piping arrangement plan (PAP)管道布置piping layout轴测图isometric drawing分区索引图key plan初版设备布置图（“A”版）preliminary plot plan ( “A” issue)内部审查版设备布置图（“B”版）inre rnal approval plot plan ( “B” issue)用户审查版设备布置图（“C”版) owner approval plot plan ( “C” issue)确认版设备布置图（“D”版）confirm plot plan ( “D” issue)研究版设备布置图（“e”版）planning plot plan ( “E” issue)设计版设备布置图（“F”）designing plot plan ( “F” issue)施工版设备布置图（“G”版）construct ion plot plan ( “G” issue) 5.4 厂房、站、单元压缩机房compressor house (room)泵房pump house (room)洗眼站eye washer station泡沫站foam station软管站，公用工程站hose station (HS), utility station成套设备package unit设施facilities罐区tank yard空分装置air separation facility5.5 设备布置设备位号equipment item number工厂plant工厂区界plant limit项目区界内侧inside battery limit (I.S.B.L.)项目区界batterylimit (BL)区界area limit区域边界zone iimit界外off site东east (E)西west (W)南south (S)北north (N)上up下down工厂北向plant north真实北向true north道路road小过道cat walk, cat way走道，过道walk way, gangway, access way污水坑（井）sump pit集水池catch basin沟槽through预留区trough场地future area铺砌区paving area非铺砌区unpaved area碎石铺面gravel paving橡皮铺面rubber paving面积，区域area体积，容积volume (VOL)5.6 管道布置管道设计piping design管道研究piping study走向研究routing study重要管道critical piping地上管道above ground piping地下管道under ground piping管网network of pipes管廊pipe rack管沟piping trench管间距line spacing管道跨距line span总管header, manifold旁路by pass排液drain放空vent上升管，垂直管riser导管canduit裸管bare iine管件直接fitting to fitting (FTF)管段，接口spool piece, spool取样接口sampling connection集液包drip leg伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热hot-water tracing电伴热electrical tracing夹套管jacketed line, jacketed piping 全夹套的full jacketed平面plan详图detail“ ”视图X view “X”“ ”剖视A-A section “A-A”连接图hook up drawing接续图continue on drawing (COD) 接续线match line (M.L.)比例scale图例legend符号symbol管口表list of nozzles方位orientation管口方位nozzle orientation定位location相交intersection水平的horizontal垂直的，立式的vertical垂直，正交，垂直的perpendicular平行，平行的parallel水平安装horizontal installation垂直安装vertical installafion对称的symmetric相反（的），对面（的）opposite顺时针方向clock wise逆时针方向counter clock wise计算机辅助设计computer aided design (CAD) 5.7 图面标注绝对标高abselute elevation海平面标高over-sea mean level (OSL)标高，立面elevation (EL)混凝土顶面top of concrete架顶面top of support (TOS)钢结构顶面top of steel梁项面top of beam (TOB)支撑点point of suppon (POS)管顶top of pipe (TOP)管底bouom of pipe (BOP)沟底boaom of trench管子内底invert (inside bottom of pipe)底平flat on bottom (FOB)顶平flat on top (FOT)工作点working point (W.P.)面至面face to face (F-F)中心至端面center to end (C-E)中心至面center to face (C-F)中心至中心，中至中center to center (C-C)坐标coordinate坐标原点origin of coordinate出口中心线center line of discharge入口中心线center line of suction中心线centerline (CL)入口inlet, suction出口outlet, discharge排出口exhaust距离distance5.8 相关专业的专业词汇5.8.1 工艺(1) 图及表流程图flow diagram工艺流程图process flow diagram (PFD)管道及仪表流程图piping andinstrument flow diagram (PID)公用工程流程图utility flow diagram (UFD) 管线表line list; line schedule命名表；管道表nomenclature设备表equipment list (schedule)(2) 流体fluid空气air仪表空气instrument air工艺空气process air低压蒸汽low pressure steam中压蒸汽medium pressure steam高压蒸汽high pressure steam伴热蒸汽tracing steam饱和蒸汽saturated steam过热蒸汽superheated steam氧气oxygen氢气hydrogen氮气nitrogen燃料气fuel gas天然气natural gas火炬气flare gas酸性气sour gas液化石油气liquefired petroleum gas (LPG) 氨气ammonia gas冷却水cooling循环水circulating water锅炉给水boiler feed water热水hot water蒸汽冷凝水steam condensate盐水brine工艺水process water化学污水chemical sewage防腐剂corrosion inhibitor重油heavy oil石脑油naphtha燃料油fuel oil润滑油lubricating oil密封油sealing oil冷冻剂refrigerant载热体heating medium溶剂solvent溶液solution母液mother liquor单体monomer聚合物polymer均聚物homopolymer共聚物copolymer工艺液体process liquid工艺气体process gas硫酸sulphuric acid盐酸chlorhydric acid硝酸nitric acid烧碱caustic soda(3) 流体特性fluid characteristics 蒸汽压vapor pressure临界温度critical temperature临界点critical point临界压力critical pressure比热specific heat湿度humidity密度density比重specific gravity粘度viscosity闪点flash point融点melting point凝固点freezing point浓度concentration爆炸极限limit of explosion有毒的toxic可燃的；易燃的flammable(4) 其它回收recovery再生regeneration循环cireulatlon再循环；再生recycle补充make-up制备preparation蒸汽吹扫steaming out吹扫purge抽空；排空evacuation吹出blow-off排污blow down破真空vacuum breaker大气腿barometric leg备用stand-by化学清洗chemical cleaning净正吸入压头net positive suction head (NPSH) 进料feed成品product污染contamination大气污染atmospheric pollution环境温度ambient temperature5.8.2 建筑、结构建筑物building钢结构steel structure已有钢结构existing steel structure钢筋混凝土结构reinforced concrete construction 楼面floor平台platform (PF)地面ground level栏杆handrail楼梯stair; stair way直梯ladder柱column; post; stanchion基础foundation; footing粱beam斜撑；支撑bracing桁架；主粱girder构件member隔墙partition wall墙wall篦子板grate; grating吊装孔erection opening吊梁hoisting beam棚shelter窗window天窗skylight门door防火门fire door地漏floor drain防火层fire-proofing总图general plot plan路肩shoulder桩pile灌浆grouting风荷载wind load雪荷载snow load动力荷载dynamic load静荷载dead load活荷载live load风速wind velocity主导风向most frequent wind direction5.8.3 仪表盘（操作盘）panel就地盘local panel仪表盘instrument panel常开normally open常闭normally closed电缆槽（架）cable tray (channel); cable rack 仪表电缆槽（架）instrument cable tray (duct) 压力计manometer; pressure gauge热电偶thermocouple温度计thermometer液位计level gauge玻璃液位计gage glass温度计保护管thermowell流量计flow meter孔板orifice变送器transmitter联锁interlock仪器；设备apparatus仪器分析instrumental analysis自动分析automatic analysis气体分析gas analysis化学分析chemical analysis气相色谱仪gas chromatograph液相色谱仪liquid chromatograph质谱分析mass spectrometric analysis 5.8.4 电气危险区划分hazardous area classification 危险区平面图hazardous area plan电气盘electrical panel配电盘switch board电缆沟cable trench电流current直流direct current交流alternating current频率frequency相位phase功率因数power factor电压voltage电阻resistance电容capacitance静电static electricity接地grounding; easthing照明lighting; illumination避雷针lightning preventer电话telephone电线wire接线箱（盒）junction box导线管conduit tube5.8.5 设备固定鞍座fixed saddle滑动鞍座sliding saddle管口nozzle人孔manhole (MH)手孔handhole (HH)检查孔inspection hole吊柱davit切线tangent line焊接线weldingiine件号part humbet椭圆形封头ellipsoidal head加强圈reinforcing ring接地板earth lug吊耳lifting lug气缸cylinder轴shaft轴承bearing附件，附属设备accessory编位号设备itemized equipment无位号设备non-itemized equipment 5.8.6 水道(1) 流体原水raw water硬水hard water软水soft water饮用水potable water循环冷却水给水cooling water supply 循环冷却水回水cooling water return 脱盐水demineralized water苦咸水（碱性水）brackish water生活污水sanitary sewer工业废水industrial waste water雨水rain water污染雨水contaminated rain water消防水fire water(2) 装置、设施软化装置softener沉淀器settler沉淀池clarifier脱盐装置demineralizer水处理water traatment冷却塔cooling tower中和池neutralization tank化粪池septic tank渗滤井soak-away pit井well阀井valve pit清扫口clean out（3）消防消火栓hydrant水炮water monitor洒水器sprinkler水喷淋watering灭火器fire extinguisher消防水泵fire pump消防车fire fighting truck泡沫消防foam fire-fighting泡沫栓foam hydrant泡沫炮foam monitor消防软管接头fire hose connection6 管道支吊架Pipe Supports and Hangers 6.1 管架零部件Attachment of Support管托shoe管卡clampU形夹（卡）clevis锻制U形夹forged steel clevis支耳；吊耳lug; ear耳轴trunnion止动挡块shear lug托座stool托架cradle带状卡strap clamp夹板，导向板cleat可调夹板adjustable cleat角板；连接板gusset筋；肋rib支承环ring加强板stiffiener底板base plate顶板top plate翅片式导向板fin预埋件embedded part; inserted plate垫板（安装垫平用）shim锚固件；生根件clip预焊件(设备上) clip (on equipment)聚四氟乙烯滑动板PTFE sliding plate连接板tie plate连接杆tie rod限制杆limit rod带环头拉杆eye rod。
工业管道工程定额与预算
工业管道工程定额与预算本章要点：本章讲述工业管道施工图预算的编制方法。
首先讲述工业管道工程预算定额的内容，然后简明的说明工业管道工程的系统组成、常用材料和配件以及工业管道施工图，接着重点讲述工业管道工程施工图预算定额的套用与工程计算方法，最后通过示例进一步阐明定额套用与工程计算方法的运用。
第一节概述一、《工业管道工程预算定额》概述《工业管道安装工程预算定额》是2000年版《全国统一安装工程预算定额》的第六册（GYD-206-2000），由中国石油化工总公司主编。
（一）、定额的适用范围适用于新建、扩建项目中厂区范围内的车间、装置、站、罐区及其相互间的各种生产用介质输送管道，厂区第一个连接点内的生产用（包括生产与生活共用）给水、排水、蒸汽、煤气输送管道的安装工程。
（二）、定额的主要依据标准和规范。
1.《工业管道施工及验收规范》（金属管道篇）（GB50235—97）。
2.《现场设备、工业管道焊接工程施工及验收规范》（GB50236—98）。
3.《钢融化焊对接接头射线照明相和质量分析》（GB3323—97）。
4.《手工电焊焊接接头的基本形式和尺寸》（GB958—88）。
5.《埋弧焊焊缝坡口的基本形式和尺寸》（GB—986—89）。
6.《全国统一施工机械台班费用定额》（1998）。
7.《全国统一安装工程基础定额》。
8.《全国统一建筑安装工程定额》。
（三）、定额的组成内容定额共分为八章及附录：第一章管道安装（包括低压管道、中压管道、高压管道）第二章管件连接（包括低压管件、中压管件、高压管件）第三章阀门安装（包括低压阀门、中压阀门、高压阀门）第四章法兰连接（包括低压法兰、中压法兰、高压法兰）第五章板卷管制作及管件制作（包括钢板卷管制作、弯头制作、三通制作、异径管制作、三通补强圈制作安装）第六章管道压力实验、吹扫与清洗（包括管道压力试验、管道系统吹扫、管道系统清洗、管道脱脂、管道油清洗）第七章无损探伤与焊口热处理（包括管材表面无损探伤、预热及后热、焊口热处理、硬度测定）第八章其他（包括管道支架制作与安装、管口焊接及充氩保护、冷排管制作安装、钢带退火和加氩、蒸汽分汽缺制作、蒸汽分汽缺安装、集气管制作、空气分筒制作安装、空气调节器喷雾管安装、钢制排水漏斗制作安装、套管制作安装、手摇泵安装、阀门操作装置安装、调节阀临时短暂制作按拆）（四）、定额关于管道与管材的规定1.本定额管道压力划分低压：0＜P≤1.6Mpa，中压：1.6＜P≤10Mpa,高压：10＜P≤42Mpa蒸汽管道：P≥9Mpa、工作温度≥500℃时为高压2.定额中各类管道适用材质范围（1）碳钢管适用于焊接钢管、无缝钢管、16Mn钢管（2）不锈钢管除超低碳不锈钢管按章说明外，适用于各种材质（3）碳钢板卷管安装适用于16Mn刚板卷管（4）铜管适用于紫铜、黄铜、青铜等（5）管件、阀门、法兰、适用范围参照管道材质（6）合金钢除高合金铜管按章说明计算外，适用于各种材质二、使用定额与单价应注意的问题（一）、本册定额与其他册管道定额的分界线厂区范围第一个连接点以内的生产用（包括生产与生活共用）给水、排水、蒸汽管道（二）、本定额不包括的内容1.单体和局部试运转所需的水、电、蒸汽、气体、油（油脂）、燃气等2.配合局部联动试车费3.管道安装完后的充气保护和防冻保护4.设备、材料、成品、半成品、构件等在施工现场范围以外的运输费用（三）、执行其他部分相应定额的内容1.单件重超过100kg的管道支架、管道预制钢平台的摊销均执行第五测《静置设备与工艺金属结构制作安装工程》2.管道和安装支架的喷砂除锈、刷油、绝热执行第十一册《刷油、防腐蚀、绝热工程》3.地沟和埋地管道的土石方及砌筑工程执行《全国统一建筑工程基础定额》4.空分装置冷箱内的管道属设备本体管道，执行《静置设备与工艺金属结构制作安装工程》相应的项目（四）、定额关于各项费用的规定1.脚手架的搭拆费，按人工费的7﹪计算，其中人工工资占25﹪（单独承担的埋地管道工程，不计取脚手架费用）2.厂外运距增加费，厂外运距超过1km时，其超过部分的人工和机械费用乘以系数1.13.地沟管道增加费，车间内整体封闭式地沟管道，其人工和机械费用乘以系数1.2（管道安装后盖板封闭的地沟除外）4.安装与生产同时进行增加的费用按人工费的10﹪计取5.在有害身体健康环境中施工增加的费用按人工费的10﹪的计算（五）、使用定额的注意事项1.定格中的材料用量，凡注明“设计用量”者为施工图工程量，凡注明“施工用量”者为设计用量加规定的损耗量2.本定额是按管道集中预制后运往现场安装与直接在现场预制安装综合考虑的。
管道专业英语解释及法兰形式
管道专业英语解释及法兰形式法兰类型和密封⾯形式Word资料.2.1 PLG 法兰Flange2.1.1 WNF 对焊法兰Welding neck flange 2.1.2 SOF 平焊法兰Slip-on flange 2.1.3 SWF 承插焊法兰Socket-welding flange 2.1.4 T 螺纹法兰Threaded flange Word资料.2.1.5 LJ 松套法兰Lapped joint flange2.1.6 REDF 异径法兰Reducing flange2.1.7 BF 法兰盖（⽇法兰）Blind flange2.2 FSF 法兰密封⾯Flange scaling face2.2.1 FF 全平⾯Flat face2.2.2 RF 凸台⾯Raised face2.2.3 MFF 凹凸⾯Male and female face2.2.4 LF 凹⾯Female face2.2.5 LM 凸⾯Male face2.2.6 RJ 环连接⾯Ring joint face2.2.7 TG 榫槽⾯Tongue and groove face2.2.8 TF 榫⾯Tongue face2.2.9 GF 槽⾯Groove face管件类产品中英⽂对照表Word资料.简介：异径弯头reducing elbow带⽀座弯头base elbowk半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180弯头long radius return 短半径180弯头short radius return带侧向⼝的弯头（右向或左向）side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand)双⽀管弯头（ ..管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow带⽀座弯头base elbowk半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return带侧向⼝的弯头（右向或左向）side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand)双⽀管弯头（形）double branch elbow三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带侧向⼝的三通（右向或左向）side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand)异径三通（分⽀⼝为异径）reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（⼀个直通⼝为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)带⽀座三通base tee异径三通（⼀个直通⼝及分⽀⼝为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通⼝为异径，双头式）reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通45° lateral45°斜三通（⽀管为异径）45° lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通(⼀个直通⼝为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(⼀个直通⼝及⽀管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true “Y”四通cross等径四通straight crossWord资料.异径四通reducing cross异径四通（⼀个分⽀⼝为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（⼀个直通⼝及分⽀⼝为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（两个分⽀⼝为异径）reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通（⼀个直通⼝及两个分⽀⼝为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet) 异径管reducer同⼼异径管concentric reducer偏⼼异径管eccentric reducer锻制异径管reducing swage螺纹⽀管台threadolet焊接⽀管台weldolet承插⽀管台sockolet弯头⽀管台elbolet斜接⽀管台latrolet镶⼊式⽀管嘴sweepolet短管⽀管台nipolet⽀管台，插⼊式⽀管台boss管接头coupling, full coupling半管接头half coupling异径管接头reducing coupling活接头union外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯）bushing管帽cap (C)堵头plug短节nipple异径短节reducing nipple; swage nipple⽯油化⼯企业配管⼯程常⽤英语缩写Word资料.管件英汉词汇查询(H-Y)HALF COUPLING 单承⼝管箍1 管⼦及管件HARDNESS 硬度（最⼤值197）编号缩写中⽂名称英⽂名称HEAT CONTROL NUMBER 热处理炉号1.1 P 管⼦Pipe HEAT TREATMENT（热处理），有缝部分填N，⽆缝部分填A 1.2.3 MEL 斜接弯头（虾⽶腰弯头）Mitre elbow HEX HEAD BUSHING ⼘申1.2.4 REL 异径弯头Reducing elbow HEX HEAD PLUG 六⾓塞头1.3 T 三通Tee HEX NIPPLE 六⾓⽴布1.3.1 LT 斜三通Lateral tee HIGH PRESSURE ELBOW ⾼压弯头1.3.2 RT 异径三通Reducing tee HIGH PRESSURE REDUCER ⾼压异径管1.4 R 异径管接头（⼤⼩头）Reducer HIGH PRESSURE TEE ⾼压四通1.4.1 CR 同⼼异径管接头（同⼼⼤⼩头）Concentric reducer h ydraulic hose液压软管1.4.2 ER 偏⼼异径管接头（偏⼼⼤⼩头）Eccentric reducer H J 环境保护⾏业标准1.5 CPL 管箍Coupling hose clip软管卡⼦Word资料.1.5.1 FCPL 双头管箍Full coupling hose protector软管保护管1.5.2 HCPL 单头管箍Half coupling hot-rolling seamless pipe热轧⽆缝钢管1.5.3 RCPL 异径管箍Reducing coupling HR 热轧1.6 BU 外螺纹接头Bushing INNER DIAMETER （简）ID 径1.7 UN 活接头Union INSERT 变径接头1.8 HC 软管接头Hose coupler integral pipe flange整体管法兰1.9 SE 翻边短节Stub end JIS ⽇本⼯业标准1.10 NIP 短节Pipe nipple or straight nipple jumper hose跨接软管1.10.1 SNIP 异径短节Swaged nipple jumper lose connection跨接软管连接器1.11 CP 管帽（封头）Cap Lap Joint Flanges对焊环松套法兰1.12 PL 管堵（丝堵）Plug lap joint flange (LJF) 松套法兰1.13 BLK 盲板Blank lapped joint搭接接头，松套连接1.13.1 SB 8字盲板Spectacle blind (blank)lapped pipe end翻边端1.14 RP 补强板Reinforcing pad large end plain (LEP) ⼤端为平的Word资料.2 法兰large end thread (LET) ⼤端带螺纹编号缩写中⽂名称英⽂名称latrolet斜接⽀管台2.1 PLG 法兰Flange layer(plie) 层2.1.1 WNF 对焊法兰Welding neck flange lined pipe衬⾥管2.1.2 SOF 平焊法兰Slip-on flange LJRF（简）LAP JOINT RF 滑接（松套）法兰2.1.3 SWF 承插焊法兰Socket-welding flange long radius elbow k半径弯头2.1.4 T 螺纹法兰Threaded flange long radius return长半径180°弯头2.1.5 LJ 松套法兰Lapped joint flange LONG WELDING NECKS 长⾼径法兰2.1.6 REDF 异径法兰Reducing flange loose hubbed flange松套带颈法兰2.1.7 BF 法兰盖（⽇法兰）Blind flange loose plate flange松套板式法兰MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAM（磁性粒⼦检验），三通部分填OK，其2.2 FSF 法兰密封⾯Flange scaling face他填N/A2.2.1 FF 全平⾯Flat face male face (MF) 凸⾯2.2.2 RF 凸台⾯Raised face MALE TEE 外⽛三通Word资料.2.2.3 MFF 凹凸⾯Male and female face MEAN OUTSIDE DIAMETER 平均外径2.2.4 LF 凹⾯Female face mfg no. (heat no.) 炉号2.2.5 LM 凸⾯Male face mitre bend斜接弯管2.2.6 RJ 环连接⾯Ring joint face MODEL 形状分类2.2.7 TG 榫槽⾯Tongue and groove face nipple短节2.2.8 TF 榫⾯Tongue face nipolet短管⽀管台2.2.9 GF 槽⾯Groove face NOMINAL DIAMETER （简）DN 公称通径3 垫⽚NOMINAL PIPE SIZE 端⾯公称直径编号缩写中⽂名称英⽂名称offset bend偏置弯管（~ 形）3.1 G 垫⽚Gasket one end thread (OET) ⼀端带螺纹3.1.1 NMG ⾮⾦属垫⽚Non-metallic gasket orifice flange孔板法兰3.1.1.1 AG ⽯棉垫⽚Asbestos gasket outer cover层迭迭外层pad type flange盘座式法兰3.1.1.2 RG 橡胶垫⽚Rubber gasket OUTLET 鞍座；套焊鞍座3.1.1.3 TEG 聚四氟⼄烯包复垫⽚PTFE envelope gasket OUTSIDE DIAMETER（简）外径Word资料.3.1.2 SMG 半⾦属垫⽚Semimetallic gasket pilot line操纵管路3.1.2.1 MJG ⾦属包垫⽚Meta-jacket gasket pipe管⼦(按照配管标准规格制造的)3.1.2.2 SWG 缠绕式垫⽚Spiral wound gasket pipe fittings管接头pipe-line管路3.1.3 MG ⾦属垫⽚Metallic gasket pipe nut管螺母3.1.3.1 FMG ⾦属平垫⽚Flat metallic gasket pipe seat管座3.1.3.2 SMSG 齿形⾦属垫⽚Solid metal serrated gasket pipe threaded joint管螺纹连接3.1.3.3 LER 透镜式⾦属环垫Lens ring gasket Piping component 管道组成件3.1.3.4 OCR ⼋⾓形⾦属环垫Octagonal ring gasket pl（简）板式平焊法兰3.1.3.5 OVR 椭圆形⾦属环垫Oval ring gakset plain end (PE) 平端3.1.3.6 IR/OR 外定位环Inner ring and outer ring plastic pipe塑料管3.1.3.7 IR 定位环Inner ring PLATE FLANGE 平板法兰3.1.3.8 OR 外定位环Outer ring plug堵头4 坚固件pneumatic braking connection⽓制动管连接器编号缩写中⽂名称英⽂名称pressure rating, pressure rating class压⼒级Word资料.4.1 B 螺栓Bolt pressure ring压⼒环4.1.1 SB 螺柱Stud bolt pressure-temperature rating压⼒—温度等级4.2 NU 螺母Nut quarter bend 90°弯管4.3 TB 花蓝螺母Turnbuckle quick fitting快速接头4.4 WSR 垫圈Washer raised face (RF) 突⾯4.4.1 SWSR 弹簧垫圈Spring washer rigid pipe刚性件5 阀门reducer异径管；⼤⼩头编号缩写中⽂名称英⽂名称reducing coupling异径管接头5.1 GV 闸阀Gate valve reducing cross异径四通；变径四通reducing cross (reducing on one outlet) 异径四通（⼀个分⽀⼝为异5.2 GLV 截⽌阀Globe valve径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet) 异径四通（⼀个5.3 CHV ⽌回阀Check valve直通⼝及两个分⽀⼝为异径）5.4 BUV 蝶阀Butterfly valve reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet) 异径四通（⼀个直通Word资料.⼝及分⽀⼝为异径）reducing cross (reducing on both outlet) 异径四通（两个分⽀⼝为异5.5 BAV 球阀Ball valve径）5.6 PV 旋塞阀Plug valve (cock) REDUCING COUPLING 异径单承⼝管箍5.7 CV 调节阀Control valve reducing elbow（简RED EL）异径弯头、变径弯头5.8 SV 安全阀Safety valve reducing flange异径法兰5.9 RV 减压阀Pressure reducing valve reducing nipple异径短节5.10 ST 蒸汽疏⽔阀Steam trap reducing swage锻制异径管5.11 PRV 泄压阀Pressur relief valve reducing tee异径三通5.12 BV 呼吸阀Breather valve reducing tee (reducing on outlet) 异径三通（分⽀⼝为异径）5.13 NV 针形阀Needle valve reducing tee (reducing on one run) 异径三通（⼀个直通⼝为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet) 异径三通（⼀个直通⼝5.14 AV ⾓阀及分⽀⼝为异径）5.15 DV 隔膜阀reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head) 异径三通（两个直通Word资料.⼝为异径，双头式）5.16 TWV 三通阀RETURN BEND u型管5.17 SGV 插板阀RF 凸⾯法6 管道上⽤的⼩型设备ring joint face环连接⾯编号缩写中⽂名称英⽂名称ring joint (RJ) 环垫接头6.1 SPR ⽓液分离器Separator root mean square (RMS) 均⽅根6.2 FA 阻⽕器Flame arrester roughness粗糙度6.3 SR 过滤器Strainer ROUND HEAD PLUG 圆⾓塞头6.3.1 SRY Y型过滤器Y-type strainer roundness圆度6.3.2 SRT T型过滤器T-type strainer rubber tube橡胶管6.3.3 SRB 桶式过滤器Bucket type strainer run pipe; straight pipe直管6.3.4 TSR 临时过滤器Temporary strainer “S” bend S形弯管6.4 SIL 消声器Silencer sch 50A6.5 SG 视镜Slight glass 不锈钢管件尺⼨包含：Word资料.6.6 SC 取样冷却器Sample cooler 美标（SISI/ASTM）、德标（DIN）、⽇标（SUS/JIS）6.7 DF 排液漏⽃Drain funnel 例如：美标：1"=25.4mm.、1/2"、1/8"、1.5"、2"等；6.8 LM 管道混合器Line mixer 德标：5S、10S、100S等等6.9 RO 限流孔板Restriction orifice ⽇标：10A、20A、50A等等6.9.1 MO 混合孔板Mixing orifice SCH806.1 RD 爆破⽚（爆破膜）Rupture disk SCH+数字序号表⽰抗拉强度管道表号（SCH.）并不是壁厚，是⼀壁厚系列。
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直通异径视镜
（LTSJ-Ⅱ型）
一、产品简介
直通异径视镜是工业管道装置上的主要附件之一，通过它能随时观察管道中
液体、气体、蒸汽等介质流动反应情况，监视生产，避免生产过程中事故发生。
经常用于石油、化工、化纤、制药等生产管路中。
二、产品规格
产品代号公称直径DN结构尺寸（mm）玻璃板（mm）备注
HL直径厚度
LTSJ-Ⅱ-125*3226022695151、本系列视镜工作压力为
0.25Mpa
2、产品材质种类有Q235-A、
1Cr18Ni9Ti、304、316等数
种，订货时请注明。
LTSJ-Ⅱ-240*5032026614020
LTSJ-Ⅱ-350*6532026614020
LTSJ-Ⅱ-465*8036030016520
LTSJ-Ⅱ-580*10036030016520
三、视镜的维修与保养
1、视镜是用于观察液体、气体、蒸汽等介质的流动反应设备，其视窗玻璃应保
持干净无灰尘；
2、视镜的视窗玻璃属于宜损件，安装视镜时要小心轻放；
3、视镜玻璃耐温耐压有一定的局限，
耐温：钢化硼硅玻璃≤180℃、石英玻璃≤1000℃。
耐压：钢化硼硅玻璃片≤3.0MPa、石英玻璃片≤10.0MPa、
钢化硼硅玻璃筒＜1.0MPa、石英玻璃筒＜1.6MPa；
4、允许急变温度＜60℃，玻璃因温差过大会破裂，请注意保养。
我公司生产的直通异径视镜制造，检测标准：参照《化工管道手册》和
HGJ501-502-86《压力窗口视镜》设计制造和验收。
LTSJ-Ⅱ-625*3226023495151、本系列视镜工作压力为
0.6~1.0Mpa
2、产品材质种类有Q235-A、
1Cr18Ni9Ti、304、316等数
种，订货时请注明。
LTSJ-Ⅱ-740*5032027814020
LTSJ-Ⅱ-850*6532027814020
LTSJ-Ⅱ-965*8036030816520
LTSJ-Ⅱ-1080*10036030816520