分子ratchet器件和Ratchet制冷【文献综述】
[精华]陆地石油英语词汇1
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[精华]陆地石油英语词汇1海洋石油英语词汇1whale鲸contraption 装置sonic音速的 penetrate 穿透fault断层jackup 自升式平台 catenary anchor leg mooring CALM悬链式锚腿系泊 submerge 淹没，潜水 hull船体motion compensator运动补偿器 tug拖轮sack time (美) 睡觉时间 casing 套管nipple up 安装，装上 stack堆，组，套running casing下套管sophisticated 复杂的interpret解释，分析 odds可能的机会，机率 steel jacket 钢制海洋平台导管架 member构件bedrock岩床compliant柔性的jacket platform 导管式平台 sewage plant 污水站perforate射孔entrained water 夹带的水emulsion treator 乳化液处理器,脱乳器 glycol 乙二醇a battery of 一组，一套 lay barge铺管船gasoline 汽油fertilizer 化肥liquefied petroleum gas液化石油气 natural gas 天然气array队列，编队 total depth 总深度derrickman 架工bit breaker 钻头盒die牙板snub line 大钳尾绳 shackle 卡环torque gauge 扭矩表brush applicator 敷料器pipe wiper 钻杆刮泥器 latch锁销wrench扳手V-door 井架人字形大门 standpipe 压力管，圆筒形水塔stand of pipe 钻杆立根 disengage 松开pipe ramp 管子坡道 catwalk 狭窄的过道，坡道gouge划痕yard工场chain tong 大链钳 tong dies 大钳牙板 rig floor 钻台block滑车precedent 先例passageway 通道bucket桶bend弯曲sandwich 挤入，夹入 mock-up模型，样本 tour班，值班，巡回 corrosion 腐蚀packing盘根leakproof 防漏的spacer ring 封隔环burr毛刺groove槽，缺口 grease fitting 润滑脂嘴，黄油嘴 setscrew 定位螺钉，调节螺钉allen wrench 内六方扳手 lug凸块，手柄，耳 align对准，校直trough槽，沟，槽状物 breakout tong 卸扣大钳pipe spanner 管钳toolpusher 钻井队长，钻井技师 bowl卡瓦座，卡盘 mud manifold 泥浆管汇fill up valve 注入阀lead tong 外钳trip tank 泥浆补给罐，计量罐 flick轻弹，拍打 lubricate(lube) 润滑(grease=涂脂于) snap猛咬，折断 slip卡瓦thigh大腿，股segment卡瓦片washer垫圈keeper锁紧螺母pneumatic 气的，气体的 distorted 扭歪的，曲解的 clearance 间隙straightedge 直尺film薄膜，薄层 cutaway剖面图mud shield 泥浆护罩，泥浆挡板 purge清除，净化 upthrust bearing 上推力轴承 shim垫片，bearing race 滚珠座圈，轴承跑道 wobble摇摆，擅动 dial indicator 盘式指示器，校正联轴器的千分表tapered roller 锥形滚柱drain抽干groove沟，槽guard挡板，护罩 mating配套的，配合的 spiral螺旋形的 tension拉力，张力 compression 压缩，加压 notch槽口，切口 work-harding treatment加工硬化处理 fiber纤维seamless steel tubing无缝钢管 upset加厚friction welded 磨擦焊接 counterpart 配对物，一方 bending stress 弯曲应力 limber柔软的ledge暗礁stencil型板，模板，刻 scour冲刷taper per foot 锥度/英尺 lead螺距hard facing 表面堆焊硬合金 matrix母体，骨架 score刻痕，划线 exaggerated 夸大的，放大的 sag下垂tier列，行，排，层 chafe擦热，擦破 bolster车架承梁，托木 sling吊索，吊环 momentum 动量，冲力elaborate详细阐述 bristle 鬃毛刷elimination 排除，消除 vulnerability 易损性microscopic 细微的burr毛刺，毛边 zinc锌slick光滑coordination 协调shoulder-dressing tool钻杆接头端面整形工具crook弯曲的transverse scar 横向裂纹 bellv.使成铃状 cam-type 凸轮状erroneous 错误的swage管子整形器，铁模corkscrew 扭变的钻杆，螺旋钻 pluck拨axial loading 轴向载荷metal fatigue 金属疲劳impend即将发生circumferential 环形的corrosive agent 腐蚀剂dent凹痕，压痕 crown凸起，隆起 hump曲线上的高峰值 prorate规定产量，比例分配 tong-hanger line 大钳悬挂器绳 loop环线，环形圈 hobble蹒跚，绑住 snub line 大钳尾绳anchor end固定端plough-steel rope 高强度钢丝绳 hemp center (钢丝绳的)麻芯 IADC= international association of drilling contractor国际钻井承包商协会 thimble环，衬套，支撑环 friction tape 磨擦带goggle风镜，护目镜 tour值班serrate锯齿状的button pin 柱形销flaw裂缝，裂痕 nonskid不滑的，防滑的 coconut matting 椰子壳做的垫子 backup tongs 背钳，固定大钳 snap=break 拉断mash=crush捣碎mold铸模，模型 spool 线圈clutch 离合器 divider 分线器 fray磨损，裂缝 tugger 卷扬机 pulley 滑轮sling 吊环，吊索 cathead 猫头oil patch 含油岩屑，油田 buck(口语)美元 tip技巧，建议 pinch bar 撬棍shank 颈柄punch打孔机screw slot 螺丝顶上的槽 plier钳子choke up阻塞combination pliers 钢丝钳，鲤鱼钳 dike斜切钳子side-cutting pliers 斜切钳子open-end wrench 开口扳手socket wrench 套筒扳手，管扳手 bust击破，使受伤 crescent wrench 可调扳手，钩扳手 socket穴，孔ratcheting action 棘轮运动pipe cutter 切管器，割管器 knuckle-saver 指关节保护器 ratchet handle 棘轮扳手leverage杠杆speed handle 快速扳手 hefty重的，有力的 vise老虎钳brittle易碎的file锉刀half-round file 半圆形锉 round rattail file 细圆锥clog up堵塞file card 锉刷level水准仪electric drill 电钻air-operated impact wrench气动扳手 grinding wheel 砂轮ground接地twirl转动grits砾砂，粗砂粒 scaling去锈，除锈hydraulic horsepower 水马力suction line 吸入管线，上水管线 reserve pit 泥浆储备池geometry几何形状dislodge驱逐，移去hydrostatic pressure 静水力压力rock chip岩屑solidify固化，凝结shear-thinning fluid 剪切稀释液depict描述flow profile 流体剖面，流动剖面 plug flow段塞流streamline flow 流线状流动，层流swirl漩流，涡流 cylinder 圆筒，圆柱体 viscosifier 增粘剂，稠化剂 coolant 制冷剂，散热剂 mixing hopper 混合漏斗detergents 洗涤剂，去垢剂 permeable 可渗透的pressure differential压差bentonite 膨润土filtration control agent渗漏控制剂 semisolid 半固体cone-shaped desilter锥形除泥器 foreground 前台，最显著的位置 sloughing 坍塌buoyancy 浮性，浮力 mist薄雾aerated mud 混气泥浆，充气泥浆 liter公升ocean bed 海底，洋底 hydrocarbon 烃，碳氢化合物 induced current 感应电流 blooie line 气体钻井的排岩屑管 phase相,状态inert(inactive) solid惰性固体 beaker烧杯barite重晶石,硫酸钡 funnel漏斗denser密度大的 gel凝胶,胶滞体 calcium钙liter公升phosphate磷酸盐,磷酸脂 sodium钠potassium 钾saturate 使饱合silica硅土,硅石 cation阳离子,正离子 envelope 包裹,包围 montmorillonite 蒙脱石shingle 叠瓦构造,滩砾 retard妨碍,延迟 attapulgite 坡缕石,绿坡缕石 heap堆starch淀粉calcium carbonate 碳化钙sandstone 沙岩limestone石灰岩sodium chloride 氯化钠calcium chloride 氯化钙chrome lignosulfonate木质素磺酸铬 neargauge hole 井径规则的井, spud mud 开钻泥浆lignite褐煤lignosulfonate 木质素磺酸盐 standby后备的anhydrite 硬石膏,无水石膏 flocculant 絮凝剂flocculate 絮凝viscosifier 增稠剂,稠化剂 petroleum 石油pier桥墩seismic地震的hydrophone水中听音器，水中检波器 section截面mobile offshore drilling unit (MODU)可移式海洋钻井装置 semisubmersible 半潜式平台jack up起升，升起mooring停泊，系泊compensate补偿barge驳船tow拖，拉conduit管道，导管prescribed depth 预定深度nipple down卸下blowout preventer stack 防喷器组underground pressure 地下压力target depth 目的层深度,设计深度 dull 钝，迟钝surface instrumentation地面仪器wildcat well 初探井acre英亩criss-crossing 十字形的，交叉的 piling 打桩tension leg platform 张力腿平台compliant platform 随动式平台contaminate 污染fan out成扇形散开sediment沉淀物emulsified water 乳状水，乳化水 glycol dehydrator 乙二醇除水器tanker ship 油轮trench沟渠fuel oil燃料油insecticide杀虫剂forebear 祖先dome圆顶屋，圆丘 pipe rack 管架motorman 动力机工 levelling 矫直，矫正 jaw钳头jerk line 自动猫头的松扣急拉绳excessive wear 过度磨损 pipe dope 丝扣润滑油 wire brush 钢丝刷tong head 钳头safety valve 安全阀safety clamp 安全卡瓦 double check 核实bail吊环backup背钳air hoist 气压提升绞车 dolly托管台架 thread galling 丝扣磨损，粘扣 pipe basket 钻杆装运车架lifting sub 提升短节 pipe wrench 管钳tong jaw 钳头rotary转盘swivel水龙头pressure-tight seal耐压密闭的 bail吊环，提环 dimension 尺寸，大小，范围 eye孔环double-shear 双剪切snap拉断，猛咬 rust铁锈washpipe 冲洗管housing 壳，套，支架 sleeve套，衬，套筒 knick裂点washout 冲蚀处fit snugly 紧密地配合 gland盘根盖盒 cavity空隙slot槽gland nut 压紧螺母，密封压盖螺母threaded sleeve 螺纹套筒 pulley滑轮，滑车 spinning chain 旋链，上扣用装置 pipe jack立根撬杠，对管夹具console 司钻控制台 kelly cock 方钻杆旋塞 fill valve 注入阀 tool joint 工具接头，钻具接头setback area(board)立根盒 dull bit 钝钻头，磨钝了的钻头coil盘绕hinge铰链pneumatic 气体的(hydraulic,液压的)grip紧握，夹紧 peel剥皮，皮 hinge pin 铰链销 cotter pin 开口销 wedge楔footing 立脚点play间隙no-no不可做之事monotonous单调的chore家务事，日常杂事 bearing retainer 轴承护圈ruin毁坏hold-down bearing 固定轴承bonnet焊工安全帽，机器罩 preset预置的，预定的 tear撕裂magnetic basement 磁性基底radial bearing径向轴承，向心辐射式轴承tip提示，技巧oil-seal油封stiffness坚硬，硬度square-shaped collar方钻铤stick卡住neutral point 中性点strain应变metal fatigue 金属疲劳cold rolling 冷轧，冷滚压 stress-relief groove 应力消除槽,应力减轻槽nomenclature 专门名称，术语 aluminum铝flash welded 闪光焊接tool joint pin工具公接头 rotary shouldered connection旋转台肩接头 bending strength 弯曲强度stiff坚硬的spider卡盘radius界限,范围tong space钳位flank of thread 螺纹面sand-laden 含砂的tungsten carbide 碳化钨circumferential 圆周的adjacent邻近的wooden stringer 木桁，纵桁 ventilation 通风stagger交错排列hard banding 环形加硬层 gin-pole起重拔杆,安装拔杆 snag打磨，障碍 cross-threading 上错扣，螺纹错扣 solvent 溶剂scrub擦洗，洗刷 catwalk桥形通道，过道ramp管架wicker柳条,裂纹 fuse熔合filler填充物，填料 swipe猛击，重击 indention 缩进，凹痕 wobble摇摆susceptible 容易受到影响 rift裂缝tong-torque indicator大钳扭矩量测仪， calibrate 校准，定标 bottleneck 缩径elongate 伸长，延长 harmonic 和谐的intermittent 间歇的，间断的propagate扩散，增长 exaggerate 夸大，夸张 pyramid-shaped 金字塔状serration 锯齿状deterioration 变坏，退化 fin鳍，鳍状物 triangular file 三角形的锉刀 scrap废弃的counterbalance line 平衡绳counterbalance weight平衡重，平衡块 clevisU 形夹soft line 双股松绞细绳，油麻绳 eye孔环，入口 plow-steel rope 高强度钢丝绳 strand股，束turnback回折，回折量kink纽结，回线打结 unraveling 解开，松脱 grease fitting 油嘴wash off 冲走brittle steel 脆性钢slot槽沟roofing material 覆盖材料cocoa mat(AmE) 椰子壳做的垫子 abrasive material 磨料，耐磨料 lead tongs 外钳，上大钳 shove=push 推weevil象鼻虫，不熟练工人 diagram图表integral 必不可少的 fiber rope 纤维绳groove槽，沟hemp麻芯sheave导辊，滑车轮 tag line 标识线bulky庞大的，笨重 air hoist 气动绞车 impact wrench 气动扳手 mess up 搞糟kit成套工具，工具箱 pry撬动chip削成碎片 chisel凿子burr毛刺，毛边 ball peen hammer 圆头手锤 bugger up 毁坏diagonal cutting pliers斜切钳子long-nosed pliers 尖嘴钳vicious enemy 恶毒的敌人 box-end wrench 不开口扳手 adjustable wrench 可调扳手knuckle指关节odd-size nut 尺寸不规则的螺帽knurl滚花，可调扳手上调节大小的滚轴,snugly贴身地，紧密地 hacksaw钢锯pipe threader 管子螺纹加工机 boon实惠，福利 flex handle 柔性扳手cheater加长管钳把的管子 woodworker 木工clamp夹子，夹住mushroomed辐射环状的 shatter粉碎，碎片 flat file 扁锉triangular file 三角形锉 dull钝filings锉屑bristle鬃毛grinder研磨机，磨工 drill press 钻床prong叉，电插头的叉 puddle水坑bench grinder 台床砂轮，台式磨床 hand grinder 手持磨具 sparkproof 不起火花的 intermittently 间歇地suction pit泥浆池，吸浆池standpipe 立管settling pit 沉淀池viscosity 粘性virgin formation 未受损地层，原始地层pore pressure 孔隙压力slip滑，下滑gel凝胶，凝结 curve曲线vertical axis 纵轴，竖轴 toothpaste 牙膏transition zone 过渡区，过渡带 laminar flow 层流telescopic 套筒式的，可伸缩的 turbulence 紊流Fahrenheit 华氏温度lubricant润滑剂emulsifying agent 乳化剂graphite石墨filter paper 滤纸filtrate过滤，滤液 organic有机的hydrate与水化合，水合 desander除砂器entrain吸入，夹带，输送 contamination 污染cave井壁坍塌cross-sectional 横截面的foam泡沫cubic立方体的，立方的 pressure gradient 压力梯度erroneous错误的，不正确的fluorescent 荧光的foam and aerated mud充气泥浆 active solid 活性固体 bentonite (bentonitic clay) 膨润土viscous 粘的suspension 悬浮体filter paper 滤纸viscosity 粘度filtration control滤失控制 magnesium 镁soda ash 纯碱,碱灰 caustic soda 苛性钠,氢氧化钠 chlorine 氯sulfate 硫酸盐shale页岩alumina氧化铝,矾土 platelet小板,小片hydrate氢氧化物,与水化合 fan out扇出,输出inhibit抑制,约束gyp石膏,硬水沉积物 shearing action 剪切作用haystack干草堆cellulose纤维素iron carbonate 碳酸铁dolomite白云岩calcium montmorillonite钙蒙脱石potassium chloride 氯化钾CMC(carboxymethyl cellulose)羧甲基纤维素 polyanion聚阴离子oxygen scavenger除氧剂presto 极快的 hopper 漏斗quebracho 白坚木 calcium hydroxide氢化钙 brine 盐水flocculent 絮凝的 polymers 聚合体。
变形金刚大黄蜂的励志名言
变形金刚大黄蜂的励志名言1.求变形金刚里擎天柱说的几句至理名言1. 我，是擎天柱，向所有在星际间流亡的博派人传送此信息：我们在这里，等你们2. 每个宇宙中的生物都有选择自由的权力3. 汽车人，变形出发4. 当你抬头仰望星辰，请把其中的一颗星星，当成我的灵魂。
请守护这一家人，汽车人，如同他们守护你们一般。
守护他们，守护他们的未来。
宇宙中很多谜团是我们永远无法解开的，但我们的身份以及存在的原因，并非无法解答，这些答案，就在我们躯体之中，我是擎天柱，我要向我的造物主们发出一条讯息，请不要找地球的麻烦，否则我一定，不会放过你。
2.变形金刚名言擎天柱：汽车人，变形，出发. The automobile people , deformation, start off 大黄蜂：弟兄们，我回来了！ Brothers , I be back！威振天：该死，霸天虎！撤退！ Oh , no, dominate the day tiger! Retreat！迷乱：散播恐慌屈服之花即将绽放. Flower of disseminating panic knuckling under splits soon to readjust oneself to a certain extent 鲁莽：分子的结构是成功的关键Molecular structure is successful key 突击：我在恐怖这个大舞台上，只是个演员. I am only an actor on so big dreadful stages，机械蝙蝠：公路就是我的大餐碟！ The highway be my big meal plate！混天豹：征服之路，由汽车人的残骸铺成Remains of route, automobile people shop of conquering capable 红蜘蛛：我的命运注定就是霸天虎的领袖！My destiny be destined to be a brave leader of despot sky！闪光灯：发现即会带来征服 Discover namely the meeting bring about conquer。
Lithium bromide 溴化锂
Lithium bromideFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, searchLithium bromideIUPAC name[hide]Lithium bromideIdentifiers CAS number7550-35-8PubChem82050ChemSpider74049UNII864G646I84EC number231-439-8RTECS number OJ5755000Jmol-3D images Image 1SMILES [show]InChI[show]PropertiesMolecular formulaLiBr Molar mass 86.845(3) g/molAppearance White solidhygroscopicDensity3.464 g/cm 3 Melting point552 °C Boiling point 1265 °CSolubility in water 145 g/100 mL (4 °C)166.7 g/100 mL (20 °C)254 g/100 mL (90 °C)Solubility soluble in methanol , ethanol , etherslightly soluble in pyridineRefractive index (n D )1.784 ThermochemistryStd enthalpy offormation Δf H o 298 -4.044 kJ/gHazardsEU Index Not listedNFPA 7042Flash point not flammableRelated compounds(verify)(what is:/?)Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials intheir standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)Lithium bromide, or LiBr, is a chemical compound of lithium and bromine. Its extreme hygroscopic character makes LiBr useful as a desiccant in certain air conditioning systems.[1]Contents[hide]∙1Production and properties∙2Useso 2.1Medical applications∙3Hazards∙4References∙5External links[edit]Production and propertiesLiBr is prepared by treatment of lithium carbonate with hydrobromic acid. The salt forms several crystalline hydrates, unlike the other alkali metal bromides.[2] The anhydrous salt forms cubic crystals similar to common salt.Lithium Hydroxide and Hydrobromic Acid (Aqueous solution of Hydrogen Bromide) will precipitate Lithium Bromide in the presence of water.LiOH + HBr → LiBr + H2O[edit]UsesLithium bromide is used in air-conditioning systems as desiccant.Otherwise the salt is useful as a reagent in organic synthesis. For example it reversibly forms adducts with some pharmaceuticals.[1][edit]Medical applicationsLithium bromide was used as a sedative, beginning in the early 1900s, but it fell into disfavor in the 1940s when some heart patients died after using it as a salt substitute.[3] Like lithium carbonate and lithium chloride, it was used as treatment for bipolar disorder.Doses as low as 225 mg/day of LiBr can lead to bromism.[edit]HazardsLithium salts are psychoactive and somewhat corrosive. When lithium bromide is dissolved into water, the reaction is very exothermic.[edit]References1.^ ab Ulrich Wietelmann, Richard J. Bauer "Lithium and Lithium Compounds" inUllmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim.2.^Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego,2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.3.^Bipolar disorder[edit]External links"A PDF file from GFS Chemicals, a supplier of lithium bromide"./Search/MSDS/5035MSDS.PDF. Retrieved 2005-09-15.This inorganiccompound-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.溴化鋰溴化鋰晶體結構溴化鋰，分子式：LiBr。
FD18-187中文资料
Highland ™TerminalsFD14-187,FD18-187Female Disconnect,Non-Insulated,Butted SeamData SheetSpecificationsWire Size:See Table Above Barrel Seam:ButtedMaximum Current:Same as Wire Terminal Material:Brass Plating:TinUNDERWRITERS LABORATORIESSTANDARD NO. UL 3103M FILE NO. E70512CANADIAN STANDARDS ASSOCIATIONSTANDARD NO. C22.2NO. 1533M FILE NO. LR22190Installation Information UL Listed and CSA Certified for use on stranded copper (AWG) wire only.Strip away the end 3/8 inch of wire insulation.Make the crimp in the proper station of a recommended 3M crimp tool:TH-440,TH-450 (scissor style),or TR-490 (ratchet style) hand tools.Suitable for factory installation on steel or brass tabs,UL and CSA.Suitable for field application on brass tabs,strain relief is required,UL only.Barrel Crimp (electrical)Electrical Products Division 6801 River Place Blvd.Austin,TX 78726-9000/elpdLitho in USA.©3M 2002 78-8126-0637-0-AIMPORTANT NOTICEBefore using this product, you must evaluate it and determine if it is suitable for your intended application.Y ou assume all risks and liability associated with such use.Warranty;Limited Remedy;Limited Liability.This product will be free from defects in material and manufacture as of the date of purchase.3M MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES INCLUDING,BUT NOT LIMITED TO,ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OFMERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.If this product is defective within the warranty period stated above,your exclusive remedy shall be, at 3M’s option, to replace or repair the 3M product or refund the purchase price of the 3M product.Except where prohibited by law,3M will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from this 3M product,whether direct,indirect,special,incidental or consequential regardless of the legal theory asserted.3M and Scotchlok are trademarks of 3MEngineering SpecificationCrimp-Type Female Disconnect Terminals shall,electrically and mechanically connect permanently to the prestripped end of a stranded copper wire:and have a tongue portion with fingers which grip a Male Disconnect in a separable,reusable manner,forming a Quick Connect Wiring Termination.The connector line shall offer a tongue variations (sized to grip male tabs:0.187˝ or 0.250˝) and barrel variations in construction (non-insulated,nylon insulated with insulation grip,etc.). The tongue portion shall be marked with the wire range and manufacturer’s symbol ( ).The Non Insulated Female Disconnect shall be tin plated 0.016˝ thick brass,with a tongue for gripping a 0.187˝ male tab of 0.20˝ thickness,and a butted seam barrel sized for specified (AWG) wire range (22-18,16-14).Non-Insulated connectors shall be UL Listed and CSA Certified. Female Disconnects shall be suitable for field or factory wiring,with a UL Recognized strain relief required.。
机械表一些结构方面的知识
机械表一些结构方面的知识【擒纵器完全解析精准计时的核心】自从钟表发明以来，工匠们为了追求能更精密的计时而在擒纵器上下了相当大的功夫从事改良，历经了几个世纪的演进，到了18世纪中叶，出现了一种分离式擒纵结构设计。
当时，一位名叫Thomes Mudge的制表师为了改良早期擒纵结构中擒纵轮的轮齿与摆轮的零件之间过多摩擦的问题，而将摆轮与整个擒纵结构脱离出来，这样的基本设计再经过改良就成了今天最广泛被使用的「杠杆式擒纵」（leverescapement），也就是俗称的「马式擒纵」。
在机械腕表的机芯中，擒纵系统主要是负责制造正确的频率使腕表能够正确走时；同时，擒纵结构的精密与否也牵涉到计时精准度，就好比电脑中负责分配管制所有资源与资料的运算的中央处理器CPU般精密而重要。
在象征顶级制表工艺的「日内瓦十二法则」中就有七项法则是规范擒纵器的制造，其重要性自然不言而喻。
以下我们将就擒纵系统的组成构造及运作原理作一概括性的分析。
杠杆式擒纵结构主要是由擒纵轮、擒纵叉、摆轮和游丝等部分组成。
在整个机械运作的顺序上，发条释放的能量在经过中心轮、第三、四轮的减速之后，传动到擒纵轮与擒纵叉产生推力驱动摆轮，再由摆轮上游丝的反作用弹力造成摆轮规律的往返运动，并控制擒纵轮及其之前轮系的运转以达到调速的目地。
因此在整个运作的机制中，擒纵结构所扮演的正是最重要「频率提供」的功能，对于计时精准度的影响当然也最大。
【谈腕表的上链与定位拨针机制文】腕表表冠部分的功能一般来说分为两个部分，第一部分是将动能传递进入机芯发条内的上链机制，另一部分则是连接到时针轮与分针轮的定位拨针机制。
这个机制的运作主要是依据杠杆原理，由龙芯带动押鸟、鼓车回返臂等一连串连杆带动鼓车移动，使表冠得以在上链机制与定位拨针机制之间互相切换，进而操控该项功能。
当表冠切换为上链功能时，此机制即连结至我们在上一期所讨论发条机制，此时转动表冠即可为发条上链；而切换至定位拨针功能时，鼓车连动小铁车及日里车，此时转动表冠即可驱动时针轮与分针轮运转以调校时间。
齿轮术语中英文对照表
中间齿轮in termediate gear(co un ter gear) 副轴齿轮counter shaft gear副车由counter shaft变速器输入车由tran smissi on imput shaft变速器输出轴tran smissio n output shaft变速器主动齿轮车由tran smissi on drive gear shaft变速器主车由transmission main shaft变速器中间车由tran smissi on coun tershaft 变速器轴的刚度rigidity of shaft变速齿轮比(变速比)transmission gear ratio 传动比gear ratio主压力line pressure调制压力modulated pressure真空调制压力vacuum modulator pressure 速控压力governor pressure缓冲压力compensator or trimmer pressure限档压力hold presure前油泵front pump (input pump )液力传动装置充油压力hydrody namic unit cha nge pressure后油泵gear pump (output pump )回油泵scavenge oil pump阿基米德蜗杆Archimedes worm 安全系数safety factor; factor of safety 安全载荷safe load 变形deformation摆线齿轮cycloidal gear摆线齿形cycloidal tooth profile 背锥角back an gle 背锥距back cone distanee 比例尺scale 变速speed change 变速齿轮cha nge gear ; cha nge wheel 变位齿轮modified gear 变位系数modificati on coefficie nt 标准齿轮sta ndard gear 标准直齿轮sta ndard spur gear 表面粗糙度surface rough ness 不完全齿轮机构in termitte nt geari ng补偿compensation 参数化设计parameterizati on desig n, PD 残余应力residual stress 操纵及控制装置operatio n con trol device槽数Geneva numerate 侧隙backlash 差动轮系differe ntial gear train 差动螺旋机构differential screw mecha nism 差速器differential常用机构conventional mechanism; mecha nism in com mon use 承载量系数beari ng capacity factor 承载能力beari ng capacity 成对安装paired mounting 尺寸系歹U dime nsion series 齿槽tooth space 齿槽宽spacewidth 齿侧间隙backlash 齿顶高addendum 齿顶圆addendum circle 齿根高dedendum 齿根圆dedendum circle 齿厚tooth thickness 齿距circular pitch 齿宽face width 齿廓tooth profile 齿廓曲线tooth curve 齿轮gear 齿轮变速箱speed-cha nging gear boxes 齿轮齿条机构pinion and rack齿轮插刀pinion cutter; pinion-shapedshaper cutter齿轮滚刀hob ,hobb ing cutter 齿轮机构gear 齿轮轮坯blank 齿轮传动系pi nio n un it 齿轮联轴器gear coupli ng 齿条传动rack gear 齿数tooth number 齿数比gear ratio 齿条rack 齿条插刀rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter 齿形链、无声链sile nt chain 齿形系数form factor 齿式棘轮机构tooth ratchet mecha nism 插齿机gear shaper 重合点coincident points重合度contact ratio 传动比transmission ratio, speed ratio 传动装置gearing; transmission gear 传动系统driven system 传动角transmission angle 传动车由transmission shaft 仓U新设计creation design 垂直载荷、法向载荷normal load从动带轮driven pulley 从动件driven link, follower 从动件平底宽度width of flat-face从动件停歇follower dwell 从动件运动规律follower motion从动轮driven gear 粗线bold line 粗牙螺纹coarse thread 大齿轮gear wheel 打滑slipping 带传动belt driving 单列轴承single row bearing 单位矢量un it vector 当量齿轮equivale nt spur gear; virtual gear当量齿数equivale nt teeth nu mber; virtual nu mber of teeth当量摩擦系数equivale nt coefficie nt of frictio n当量载荷equivale nt load刀具cutter 导数derivative 倒角chamfer 导程lead 导程角lead an gle 等效质量equivale nt mass（疲劳）点蚀pitt ing 垫圈gasket 垫片密圭寸gasket seal 顶隙bottom clearanee 定轴轮系ordinary gear train; gear trainwith fixed axes 动力学dynamics 动密圭寸kinematical seal 动能dynamic energy 动力粘度dyn amic viscosity 动力润滑dyn amic lubricatio n 动载荷dynamic load 端面transverse plane 端面参数tran sverse parameters 端面齿距tran sverse circular pitch 端面齿廓tran sverse tooth profile 端面重合度tran sverse contact ratio 端面模数tran sverse module 端面压力角tran sverse pressure an gle 锻造forge 惰轮idle gear 额定寿命rati ng life 额定载荷load rating 发生线gen erat ing line 发生面generating plane 法面normal plane 法面参数no rmal parameters 法面齿距no rmal circular pitch 法面模数normal module 法面压力角no rmal pressure an gle法向齿距no rmal pitch 法向齿廓no rmal tooth profile 法向直廓蜗杆straight sided no rmal worm法向力no rmal force 反正切Arctan 范成法gen erat ing cutt ing 仿形法form cutting非标准齿轮non sta ndard gear非接触式密圭寸non-con tact seal 非周期性速度波动aperiodic speed fluctuati on非圆齿轮non-circular gear 粉末合金powder metallurgy 分度线reference line; standard pitch line 分度圆reference circle; standard (cutting) pitch circle分度圆柱导程角lead angle at referencecyli nder分度圆柱螺旋角helix angle at refereneecyli nder 分母denominator 分子numerator分度圆锥reference cone; standard pitch cone 圭寸闭差动轮系p la netary differe ntial复合应力comb ined stress 复式螺旋机构Compound screw mecha nism 干涉interferenee刚度系数stiffness coefficient 钢丝软轴wire soft shaft 根切undercutting 公称直径nominal diameter 高度系歹U height series 功work 工况系数application factor 工艺设计tech no logical desig n 工作循环图working cycle diagram 工作机构operation mechanism 工作载荷external loads 工作空间working space 工作应力worki ng stress 工作阻力effective resista nee 工作阻力矩effective resista nee mome nt 公法线com mon no rmal li ne 公制齿轮metric gears 功率power 功能分析设计function an alyses desig n共轭齿廓conjugate profiles 共轭凸轮conjugate cam惯性力矩moment of inertia ,shakingmome nt惯性力平衡bala nee of shaki ng force冠轮crown gear轨迹生成path gen erati on轨迹发生器path gen erator 滚刀hob 过度切割un dercutt ing 耗油量oil consumption 耗油量系数oil con sumpti on factor 横坐标abscissa互换性齿轮in tercha ngeable gears花键spline滑键、导键feather key滑动率sliding ratio环面蜗杆toroid helicoids worm缓冲装置shocks; shock-absorber 机械machinery机械平衡bala nee of mach inery机械设计machine design; mechanical desig n 机械特性mecha nical behavior机械调速mecha nical speed gover nors机械效率mecha nical efficie ncy机械原理theory of machines and mecha ni sms机械无级变速mecha ni cal stepless speed changes基础机构fun dame ntal mecha nism 基本额定寿命basic rati ng life 基于实例设计case-based desig n,CBD 基圆base circle基圆半径radius of base circle基圆齿距base pitch基圆压力角pressure an gle of base circle 基圆柱base cylinder 基圆锥base cone极限位置extreme (or limit ing) positi on极位夹角crank angle between extreme(or limiting) positions计算机辅助设计computer aided design, CAD计算机辅助制造computer aided manu facturi ng, CAM计算机集成制造系统computer in tegratedmanu facturi ng system, CIMS计算力矩factored moment; calculation mome nt计算弯矩calculated bending moment 间隙backlash减速比reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置reduction gear减速器speed reducer 渐开螺旋面in volute helicoid 渐开线in volute 渐开线齿廓in volute profile 渐开线齿轮in volute gear 渐开线发生线gen erat ing line of in volute渐开线方程in volute equati on渐开线函数in volute fu nctio n渐开线蜗杆in volute worm渐开线压力角pressure an gle of in volute渐开线花键in volute spli ne键key 键槽keyway 交变应力repeated stress 交变载荷repeated fluctuating load 交叉带传动cross-belt drive 交错轴斜齿轮crossed helical gears 胶合scoring角速度angular velocity角速比angular velocity ratio 结构structure 结构设计structural design 截面section 节点pitch point 节距circular pitch; pitch of teeth 节线pitch line 节圆pitch circle 节圆齿厚thickness on pitch circle 节圆直径pitch diameter 节圆锥pitch cone 节圆锥角pitch cone an gle 解析设计analytical design 紧边tight-side 紧固件fastener 径节diametral pitch 径向radial directi on 径向当量动载荷dyn amic equivale nt radialload径向当量静载荷static equivale nt radial load 径向基本额定动载荷b asic dyn amic radial load rati ng 径向基本额定静载荷basic static radialload tati ng 径向接触轴承radial co ntact beari ng 径向平面radial pla ne 径向游隙radial internal cleara nee 径向载荷radial load 径向载荷系数radial load factor 径向间隙cleara nee 静力static force 静平衡static balanee 静载荷static load 绝对运动absolute moti on 绝对速度absolute velocity 可靠性reliability 可靠性设计reliability design, RD 理论廓线pitch curve 理论啮合线theoretical line of actio n 力矩moment 力平衡equilibrium 力偶couple 力偶矩moment of couple 轮坯blank 螺旋副helical pair 螺旋机构screw mecha nism 螺旋角helix an gle 螺旋线helix ,helical line 模块化设计modular desig n, MD 模数module 磨损abrasion ;wear; scratching 耐磨性wear resista nee 内齿轮internal gear 内齿圈ring gear 内力internal force 内圈innerring 啮合engagement, mesh, gearing 啮合点contact points 啮合角working pressure angle 啮合线line of action 啮合线长度len gth of line of actio n盘形转子disk-like rotor 抛物线运动parabolic motion 疲劳极限fatigue limit 疲劳强度fatigue strength 偏置式offset偏（心）距offset distanee 偏心率eeeentricity ratio 偏心质量eccentric mass 偏距圆offset circle 偏心盘eccentric 切齿深度depth of cut 曲齿锥齿轮spiral bevel gear 曲率curvature 曲率半径radius of curvature 曲面从动件curved-shoe follower 曲线运动curvili near motio n 全齿高whole depth 权重集weight sets 球面副spheric pair 球面渐开线spherical in volute 球面运动spherical motion 人字齿轮herri ngbone gear 润滑装置lubrication device 扌润滑lubrication 三角形花键serrati on spli ne 三角形螺纹V thread screw 少齿差行星传动pla netary drive with smallteeth differe nee 升程rise 升距lift实际廓线cam profile 输出轴output shaft 实际啮合线actual line of action 双曲面齿轮hyperboloid gear 顺时针clockwise 瞬心instantaneous center 死点dead point 太阳轮sun gear 特性characteristics 图册、图谱atlas 图解法graphical method 退火anneal 陀螺仪gyroscope 夕卜力external force夕卜形尺寸boundary dime nsion 网上设计on-n et desig n, OND 微动螺旋机构differential screw mecha nism 位移displacement 蜗杆worm 蜗杆传动机构worm geari ng蜗杆头数nu mber of threads 蜗杆直径系数diametral quotie nt蜗杆蜗轮机构worm and worm gear蜗杆形凸轮步进机构worm cam interval mecha nism 蜗杆旋向hands of worm 蜗轮worm gear 无级变速装置stepless speed changes devices相对速度relative velocity 相对运动relative moti on 相对间隙relative gap 象限quadra nt 橡皮泥plasticine 小齿轮pinion 小径minor diameter 谐波齿轮harm onic gear 谐波传动harm onic drivi ng 斜齿轮的当量直齿轮equivale nt spur gear of the helical gear 心轴spindle 行程速度变化系数coefficient of travel speed variati on 行程速比系数adva nce-to return-time ratio行星齿轮装置pla netary tran smissi on行星轮planet gear行星轮变速装置planetary speed cha nging devices行星轮系pla netary gear train 旋转运动rotary moti on 压力角pressure an gle 应力图stress diagram 应力一应变图stress-strain diagram 优化设计optimal desig n 油杯oil bottle 有效圆周力effective circle force 圆带传动round belt drive圆弧齿厚circular thickness 圆弧圆柱蜗杆hollow flank worm 圆角半径fillet radius 圆盘摩擦离合器disc frictio n clutch圆盘制动器disc brake 原动机prime mover 原始机构origi nal mecha nism 圆形齿轮circular gear 圆柱滚子cyli ndrical roller 圆柱滚子轴承cyli ndrical roller beari ng 圆柱畐U cylindric pair 圆柱蜗杆cyli ndrical worm 圆锥滚子tapered roller 圆锥滚子轴承tapered roller beari ng 圆锥齿轮机构bevel gears圆锥角cone angle 运动副kinematic pair 运动粘度kenematic viscosity 载荷load 展成法gen erat ing 直齿圆柱齿轮spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear 直径系数diametral quotient 直径系列diameter series 直廓环面蜗杆hi ndley worm 质量mass 中心距center distanee 中心距变动cen ter dista nee cha nge中径mean diameter终止啮合点final con tact, end of contact 周节pitch 轴shaft车由承盖bearing cup 车由承合金bearing alloy 车由承座bearing block 轴承外径bearing outside diameter 轴颈journal 轴瓦、轴承衬beari ng bush 车由端挡圈shaft end ring 轴环shaft collar 轴肩shaft shoulder 轴角shaft angle 车由向axial direct ion 轴向齿廓axial tooth profile转动副revolute (turning) pair转速swiveling speed ; rotating speed 转车由revolving shaft 转子rotor装配条件assembly con diti on 锥齿轮bevel gear 锥顶com mon apex of cone 锥距cone distanee 锥轮bevel pulley; bevel wheel 锥齿轮的当量直齿轮equivale nt spur gearof the bevel gear 锥面包络圆柱蜗杆milled helicoids worm准双曲面齿轮hypoid gear 自由度degree of freedom, mobility 总重合度total con tact ratio 总反力resultant force总效率combined efficiency; overall efficie ncy组成原理theory of con stituti on 组合齿形composite tooth form 组合安装stack mounting 最少齿数mi nimum teeth nu mber 最小向径mi nimum radius 作用力applied force 坐标系coord in ate frame电磁阀调压阀sole noid regulator valve液力变矩器旁通阀converter bypass valve速控阀governor valve选档阀selectro valve换档阀shift valve信号阀signal valve继动阀relay valve换档指令发生器shift pattern gen erator档位指示器shift indicator(shift torwer)先导阀priority valve流量阀flow valve重迭阀overlap valve液力减速器控制阀retarder con trol valve。
水电厂常用工具
用途及种类 用途：
主要用来旋松或旋紧外六角螺栓或螺母 种类：
开口扳手、活动扳手、梅花扳手、套筒扳手、棘轮扳手
编辑： 上犹江电厂陈卫民
使用方法及注意事项 1.1开口扳手（open end wrench）使用方法:
1)扳口大小应与螺栓、螺母的头部尺寸一致 2)扳口厚的一边应置于受力大的一侧 3)扳动时以拉动为好，若必须推动式，以防止伤手，
• 游标卡尺 • 红外感温枪 • 钳形表 • 电压调节器 • 塞规 • 震动记录器 • 静电检验器 • 静电手环 • 磁力座
编辑： 上犹江电厂陈卫民
常用设备及使用注意事项
工作台——安装台虎钳，存放工、夹、量具。 台虎钳——夹持工件。 砂轮机——刃磨刀具、工具。
台式钻床——小型工件钻、扩直径12mm 以下的孔。
工具
编辑： 上犹江电厂陈卫民
锉刀
编辑： 上犹江电厂陈卫民
常用工、量具
角尺及应用 编辑： 上犹江电厂陈卫民
游标卡尺各部分名称
编辑： 上犹江电厂陈卫民
游标卡尺用途 编辑： 上犹江电厂陈卫民
外径千 分 尺 结构 编辑： 上犹江电厂陈卫民
高 度 游 标 卡尺 编辑： 上犹江电厂陈卫民
• ３．钻床
编辑： 上犹江电厂陈卫民
使用方法及注意事项 3.2.梅花扳手注意事项：
1)梅花扳手类似于两头套筒扳手，适用于狭窄场合， 使用时首先要选择合适的尺寸，尺寸不对，容易造成 螺栓或者螺母滑牙
2)使用时要将两端套头套牢螺栓或螺母，不能够倾斜 或者只套进一小部分，这样会造成螺栓或者螺母滑牙
编辑： 上犹江电厂陈卫民
不规则的螺栓、螺母，更能发挥作用 3)不可用于拧动力矩较大的螺栓、螺母，以防损坏
机械.设计.专业.术语.的.英语.翻译
阿基米德蜗杆 Archimedes worm安全系数 safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷 safe load凹面、凹度 concavity扳手 wrench板簧 flat leaf spring半圆键 woodruff key变形 deformation摆杆 oscillating bar摆动从动件 oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构 cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构 oscillating guide-bar mechanism摆线齿轮 cycloidal gear摆线齿形 cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律 cycloidal motion摆线针轮 cycloidal-pin wheel包角 angle of contact保持架 cage背对背安装 back-to-back arrangement背锥 back cone ； normal cone背锥角 back angle背锥距 back cone distance比例尺 scale比热容 specific heat capacity闭式链 closed kinematic chain闭链机构 closed chain mechanism臂部 arm变频器 frequency converters变频调速 frequency control of motor speed变速 speed change变速齿轮 change gear ; change wheel变位齿轮 modified gear变位系数 modification coefficient标准齿轮 standard gear标准直齿轮 standard spur gear表面质量系数 superficial mass factor表面传热系数 surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度 surface roughness并联式组合 combination in parallel并联机构 parallel mechanism并联组合机构 parallel combined mechanism并行工程 concurrent engineering并行设计 concurred design, CD不平衡相位 phase angle of unbalance不平衡 imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量 amount of unbalance不完全齿轮机构 intermittent gearing波发生器 wave generator波数 number of waves补偿 compensation参数化设计 parameterization design, PD残余应力 residual stress操纵及控制装置 operation control device槽轮 Geneva wheel槽轮机构 Geneva mechanism ； Maltese cross槽数 Geneva numerate槽凸轮 groove cam侧隙 backlash差动轮系 differential gear train差动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism差速器 differential常用机构 conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use 车床 lathe承载量系数 bearing capacity factor承载能力 bearing capacity成对安装 paired mounting尺寸系列 dimension series齿槽 tooth space齿槽宽 spacewidth齿侧间隙 backlash齿顶高 addendum齿顶圆 addendum circle齿根高 dedendum齿根圆 dedendum circle齿厚 tooth thickness齿距 circular pitch齿宽 face width齿廓 tooth profile齿廓曲线 tooth curve齿轮 gear齿轮变速箱 speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构 pinion and rack齿轮插刀 pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter齿轮滚刀 hob ,hobbing cutter齿轮机构 gear齿轮轮坯 blank齿轮传动系 pinion unit齿轮联轴器 gear coupling齿条传动 rack gear齿数 tooth number齿数比 gear ratio齿条 rack齿条插刀 rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter 齿形链、无声链 silent chain齿形系数 form factor齿式棘轮机构 tooth ratchet mechanism插齿机 gear shaper重合点 coincident points重合度 contact ratio冲床 punch传动比 transmission ratio, speed ratio传动装置 gearing; transmission gear传动系统 driven system传动角 transmission angle传动轴 transmission shaft串联式组合 combination in series串联式组合机构 series combined mechanism 串级调速 cascade speed control创新 innovation ; creation创新设计 creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷 normal load唇形橡胶密封 lip rubber seal磁流体轴承 magnetic fluid bearing从动带轮 driven pulley从动件 driven link, follower从动件平底宽度 width of flat-face从动件停歇 follower dwell从动件运动规律 follower motion从动轮 driven gear粗线 bold line粗牙螺纹 coarse thread大齿轮 gear wheel打包机 packer打滑 slipping带传动 belt driving带轮 belt pulley带式制动器 band brake单列轴承 single row bearing单向推力轴承 single-direction thrust bearing 单万向联轴节 single universal joint单位矢量 unit vector当量齿轮 equivalent spur gear; virtual gear当量齿数 equivalent teeth number; virtual number of teeth当量摩擦系数 equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷 equivalent load刀具 cutter导数 derivative倒角 chamfer导热性 conduction of heat导程 lead导程角 lead angle等加等减速运动规律 parabolic motion; constant acceleration and deceleration motion 等速运动规律 uniform motion; constant velocity motion等径凸轮 conjugate yoke radial cam等宽凸轮 constant-breadth cam等效构件 equivalent link等效力 equivalent force等效力矩 equivalent moment of force等效量 equivalent等效质量 equivalent mass等效转动惯量 equivalent moment of inertia等效动力学模型 dynamically equivalent model底座 chassis低副 lower pair点划线 chain dotted line（疲劳）点蚀 pitting垫圈 gasket垫片密封 gasket seal碟形弹簧 belleville spring顶隙 bottom clearance定轴轮系 ordinary gear train; gear train with fixed axes动力学 dynamics动密封 kinematical seal动能 dynamic energy动力粘度 dynamic viscosity动力润滑 dynamic lubrication动平衡 dynamic balance动平衡机 dynamic balancing machine动态特性 dynamic characteristics动态分析设计 dynamic analysis design动压力 dynamic reaction动载荷 dynamic load端面 transverse plane端面参数 transverse parameters端面齿距 transverse circular pitch端面齿廓 transverse tooth profile端面重合度 transverse contact ratio端面模数 transverse module端面压力角 transverse pressure angle锻造 forge对称循环应力 symmetry circulating stress对心滚子从动件 radial (or in-line ) roller follower对心直动从动件 radial (or in-line ) translating follower对心移动从动件 radial reciprocating follower对心曲柄滑块机构 in-line slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism 多列轴承 multi-row bearing多楔带 poly V-belt多项式运动规律 polynomial motion多质量转子 rotor with several masses惰轮 idle gear额定寿命 rating life额定载荷 load ratingII 级杆组 dyad发生线 generating line发生面 generating plane法面 normal plane法面参数 normal parameters法面齿距 normal circular pitch法面模数 normal module法面压力角 normal pressure angle法向齿距 normal pitch法向齿廓 normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆 straight sided normal worm法向力 normal force反馈式组合 feedback combining反向运动学 inverse ( or backward) kinematics反转法 kinematic inversion反正切 Arctan范成法 generating cutting仿形法 form cutting方案设计、概念设计 concept design, CD防振装置 shockproof device飞轮 flywheel飞轮矩 moment of flywheel非标准齿轮 nonstandard gear非接触式密封 non-contact seal非周期性速度波动 aperiodic speed fluctuation非圆齿轮 non-circular gear粉末合金 powder metallurgy分度线 reference line; standard pitch line分度圆 reference circle; standard (cutting) pitch circle 分度圆柱导程角 lead angle at reference cylinder分度圆柱螺旋角 helix angle at reference cylinder分母 denominator分子 numerator分度圆锥 reference cone; standard pitch cone分析法 analytical method封闭差动轮系 planetary differential复合铰链 compound hinge复合式组合 compound combining复合轮系 compound (or combined) gear train复合平带 compound flat belt复合应力 combined stress复式螺旋机构 Compound screw mechanism复杂机构 complex mechanism杆组 Assur group干涉 interference刚度系数 stiffness coefficient刚轮 rigid circular spline钢丝软轴 wire soft shaft刚体导引机构 body guidance mechanism刚性冲击 rigid impulse (shock)刚性转子 rigid rotor刚性轴承 rigid bearing刚性联轴器 rigid coupling高度系列 height series高速带 high speed belt高副 higher pair格拉晓夫定理 Grashoff`s law根切 undercutting公称直径 nominal diameter高度系列 height series功 work工况系数 application factor工艺设计 technological design工作循环图 working cycle diagram工作机构 operation mechanism工作载荷 external loads工作空间 working space工作应力 working stress工作阻力 effective resistance工作阻力矩 effective resistance moment公法线 common normal line公共约束 general constraint公制齿轮 metric gears功率 power功能分析设计 function analyses design共轭齿廓 conjugate profiles共轭凸轮 conjugate cam构件 link鼓风机 blower固定构件 fixed link; frame固体润滑剂 solid lubricant关节型操作器 jointed manipulator惯性力 inertia force惯性力矩 moment of inertia ,shaking moment惯性力平衡 balance of shaking force惯性力完全平衡 full balance of shaking force惯性力部分平衡 partial balance of shaking force 惯性主矩 resultant moment of inertia惯性主失 resultant vector of inertia冠轮 crown gear广义机构 generation mechanism广义坐标 generalized coordinate轨迹生成 path generation轨迹发生器 path generator滚刀 hob滚道 raceway滚动体 rolling element滚动轴承 rolling bearing滚动轴承代号 rolling bearing identification code 滚针 needle roller滚针轴承 needle roller bearing滚子 roller滚子轴承 roller bearing滚子半径 radius of roller滚子从动件 roller follower滚子链 roller chain滚子链联轴器 double roller chain coupling滚珠丝杆 ball screw滚柱式单向超越离合器 roller clutch过度切割 undercutting函数发生器 function generator函数生成 function generation含油轴承 oil bearing耗油量 oil consumption耗油量系数 oil consumption factor赫兹公式 H. Hertz equation合成弯矩 resultant bending moment合力 resultant force合力矩 resultant moment of force黑箱 black box横坐标 abscissa互换性齿轮 interchangeable gears花键 spline滑键、导键 feather key滑动轴承 sliding bearing滑动率 sliding ratio滑块 slider环面蜗杆 toroid helicoids worm环形弹簧 annular spring缓冲装置 shocks; shock-absorber灰铸铁 grey cast iron回程 return回转体平衡 balance of rotors混合轮系 compound gear train积分 integrate机电一体化系统设计 mechanical-electrical integration system design 机构 mechanism机构分析 analysis of mechanism机构平衡 balance of mechanism机构学 mechanism机构运动设计 kinematic design of mechanism机构运动简图 kinematic sketch of mechanism机构综合 synthesis of mechanism机构组成 constitution of mechanism机架 frame, fixed link机架变换 kinematic inversion机器 machine机器人 robot机器人操作器 manipulator机器人学 robotics技术过程 technique process技术经济评价 technical and economic evaluation技术系统 technique system机械 machinery机械创新设计 mechanical creation design, MCD机械系统设计 mechanical system design, MSD机械动力分析 dynamic analysis of machinery机械动力设计 dynamic design of machinery机械动力学 dynamics of machinery机械的现代设计 modern machine design机械系统 mechanical system机械利益 mechanical advantage机械平衡 balance of machinery机械手 manipulator机械设计 machine design; mechanical design机械特性 mechanical behavior机械调速 mechanical speed governors机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械原理 theory of machines and mechanisms机械运转不均匀系数 coefficient of speed fluctuation机械无级变速 mechanical stepless speed changes基础机构 fundamental mechanism基本额定寿命 basic rating life基于实例设计 case-based design,CBD基圆 base circle基圆半径 radius of base circle基圆齿距 base pitch基圆压力角 pressure angle of base circle基圆柱 base cylinder基圆锥 base cone急回机构 quick-return mechanism急回特性 quick-return characteristics急回系数 advance-to return-time ratio急回运动 quick-return motion棘轮 ratchet棘轮机构 ratchet mechanism棘爪 pawl极限位置 extreme (or limiting) position极位夹角 crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions计算机辅助设计 computer aided design, CAD计算机辅助制造 computer aided manufacturing, CAM计算机集成制造系统 computer integrated manufacturing system, CIMS 计算力矩 factored moment; calculation moment计算弯矩 calculated bending moment加权系数 weighting efficient加速度 acceleration加速度分析 acceleration analysis加速度曲线 acceleration diagram尖点 pointing; cusp尖底从动件 knife-edge follower间隙 backlash间歇运动机构 intermittent motion mechanism减速比 reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置 reduction gear减速器 speed reducer减摩性 anti-friction quality渐开螺旋面 involute helicoid渐开线 involute渐开线齿廓 involute profile渐开线齿轮 involute gear渐开线发生线 generating line of involute渐开线方程 involute equation渐开线函数 involute function渐开线蜗杆 involute worm渐开线压力角 pressure angle of involute渐开线花键 involute spline简谐运动 simple harmonic motion键 key键槽 keyway交变应力 repeated stress交变载荷 repeated fluctuating load交叉带传动 cross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮 crossed helical gears胶合 scoring角加速度 angular acceleration角速度 angular velocity角速比 angular velocity ratio角接触球轴承 angular contact ball bearing角接触推力轴承 angular contact thrust bearing 角接触向心轴承 angular contact radial bearing 角接触轴承 angular contact bearing铰链、枢纽 hinge校正平面 correcting plane接触应力 contact stress接触式密封 contact seal阶梯轴 multi-diameter shaft结构 structure结构设计 structural design截面 section节点 pitch point节距 circular pitch; pitch of teeth节线 pitch line节圆 pitch circle节圆齿厚 thickness on pitch circle节圆直径 pitch diameter节圆锥 pitch cone节圆锥角 pitch cone angle解析设计 analytical design紧边 tight-side紧固件 fastener径节 diametral pitch径向 radial direction径向当量动载荷 dynamic equivalent radial load径向当量静载荷 static equivalent radial load径向基本额定动载荷 basic dynamic radial load rating 径向基本额定静载荷 basic static radial load tating径向接触轴承 radial contact bearing径向平面 radial plane径向游隙 radial internal clearance径向载荷 radial load径向载荷系数 radial load factor径向间隙 clearance静力 static force静平衡 static balance静载荷 static load静密封 static seal局部自由度 passive degree of freedom矩阵 matrix矩形螺纹 square threaded form锯齿形螺纹 buttress thread form矩形牙嵌式离合器 square-jaw positive-contact clutch 绝对尺寸系数 absolute dimensional factor绝对运动 absolute motion绝对速度 absolute velocity均衡装置 load balancing mechanism抗压强度 compression strength开口传动 open-belt drive开式链 open kinematic chain开链机构 open chain mechanism可靠度 degree of reliability可靠性 reliability可靠性设计 reliability design, RD空气弹簧 air spring空间机构 spatial mechanism空间连杆机构 spatial linkage空间凸轮机构 spatial cam空间运动副 spatial kinematic pair空间运动链 spatial kinematic chain空转 idle宽度系列 width series框图 block diagram雷诺方程 Reynolds‘s equation离心力 centrifugal force离心应力 centrifugal stress离合器 clutch离心密封 centrifugal seal理论廓线 pitch curve理论啮合线 theoretical line of action隶属度 membership力 force力多边形 force polygon力封闭型凸轮机构 force-drive (or force-closed) cam mechanism 力矩 moment力平衡 equilibrium力偶 couple力偶矩 moment of couple连杆 connecting rod, coupler连杆机构 linkage连杆曲线 coupler-curve连心线 line of centers链 chain链传动装置 chain gearing链轮 sprocket ; sprocket-wheel ; sprocket gear ; chain wheel联组 V 带 tight-up V belt联轴器 coupling ; shaft coupling两维凸轮 two-dimensional cam临界转速 critical speed六杆机构 six-bar linkage龙门刨床 double Haas planer轮坯 blank轮系 gear train螺杆 screw螺距 thread pitch螺母 screw nut螺旋锥齿轮 helical bevel gear螺钉 screws螺栓 bolts螺纹导程 lead螺纹效率 screw efficiency螺旋传动 power screw螺旋密封 spiral seal螺纹 thread (of a screw)螺旋副 helical pair螺旋机构 screw mechanism螺旋角 helix angle螺旋线 helix ,helical line绿色设计 green design ; design for environment马耳他机构 Geneva wheel ; Geneva gear马耳他十字 Maltese cross脉动无级变速 pulsating stepless speed changes脉动循环应力 fluctuating circulating stress脉动载荷 fluctuating load铆钉 rivet迷宫密封 labyrinth seal密封 seal密封带 seal belt密封胶 seal gum密封元件 potted component密封装置 sealing arrangement面对面安装 face-to-face arrangement面向产品生命周期设计 design for product`s life cycle, DPLC 名义应力、公称应力 nominal stress模块化设计 modular design, MD模块式传动系统 modular system模幅箱 morphology box模糊集 fuzzy set模糊评价 fuzzy evaluation模数 module摩擦 friction摩擦角 friction angle摩擦力 friction force摩擦学设计 tribology design, TD摩擦阻力 frictional resistance摩擦力矩 friction moment摩擦系数 coefficient of friction摩擦圆 friction circle磨损 abrasion ;wear; scratching末端执行器 end-effector目标函数 objective function耐腐蚀性 corrosion resistance耐磨性 wear resistance挠性机构 mechanism with flexible elements挠性转子 flexible rotor内齿轮 internal gear内齿圈 ring gear内力 internal force内圈 inner ring能量 energy能量指示图 viscosity逆时针 counterclockwise (or anticlockwise)啮出 engaging-out啮合 engagement, mesh, gearing啮合点 contact points啮合角 working pressure angle啮合线 line of action啮合线长度 length of line of action啮入 engaging-in牛头刨床 shaper凝固点 freezing point; solidifying point扭转应力 torsion stress扭矩 moment of torque扭簧 helical torsion spring诺模图 NomogramO 形密封圈密封 O ring seal盘形凸轮 disk cam盘形转子 disk-like rotor抛物线运动 parabolic motion疲劳极限 fatigue limit疲劳强度 fatigue strength偏置式 offset偏 ( 心 ) 距 offset distance偏心率 eccentricity ratio偏心质量 eccentric mass偏距圆 offset circle偏心盘 eccentric偏置滚子从动件 offset roller follower偏置尖底从动件 offset knife-edge follower偏置曲柄滑块机构 offset slider-crank mechanism 拼接 matching评价与决策 evaluation and decision频率 frequency平带 flat belt平带传动 flat belt driving平底从动件 flat-face follower平底宽度 face width平分线 bisector平均应力 average stress平均中径 mean screw diameter平均速度 average velocity平衡 balance平衡机 balancing machine平衡品质 balancing quality平衡平面 correcting plane平衡质量 balancing mass平衡重 counterweight平衡转速 balancing speed平面副 planar pair, flat pair平面机构 planar mechanism平面运动副 planar kinematic pair平面连杆机构 planar linkage平面凸轮 planar cam平面凸轮机构 planar cam mechanism平面轴斜齿轮 parallel helical gears普通平键 parallel key其他常用机构 other mechanism in common use起动阶段 starting period启动力矩 starting torque气动机构 pneumatic mechanism奇异位置 singular position起始啮合点 initial contact , beginning of contact气体轴承 gas bearing千斤顶 jack嵌入键 sunk key强迫振动 forced vibration切齿深度 depth of cut曲柄 crank曲柄存在条件 Grashoff`s law曲柄导杆机构 crank shaper (guide-bar) mechanism曲柄滑块机构 slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism 曲柄摇杆机构 crank-rocker mechanism曲齿锥齿轮 spiral bevel gear曲率 curvature曲率半径 radius of curvature曲面从动件 curved-shoe follower曲线拼接 curve matching曲线运动 curvilinear motion曲轴 crank shaft驱动力 driving force驱动力矩 driving moment (torque)全齿高 whole depth权重集 weight sets球 ball球面滚子 convex roller球轴承 ball bearing球面副 spheric pair球面渐开线 spherical involute球面运动 spherical motion球销副 sphere-pin pair球坐标操作器 polar coordinate manipulator燃点 spontaneous ignition热平衡 heat balance; thermal equilibrium人字齿轮 herringbone gear冗余自由度 redundant degree of freedom柔轮 flexspline柔性冲击 flexible impulse; soft shock柔性制造系统 flexible manufacturing system; FMS柔性自动化 flexible automation润滑油膜 lubricant film润滑装置 lubrication device润滑 lubrication润滑剂 lubricant三角形花键 serration spline三角形螺纹 V thread screw三维凸轮 three-dimensional cam三心定理 Kennedy`s theorem砂轮越程槽 grinding wheel groove砂漏 hour-glass少齿差行星传动 planetary drive with small teeth difference 设计方法学 design methodology设计变量 design variable设计约束 design constraints深沟球轴承 deep groove ball bearing生产阻力 productive resistance升程 rise升距 lift实际廓线 cam profile十字滑块联轴器 double slider coupling; Oldham‘s coupling 矢量 vector输出功 output work输出构件 output link输出机构 output mechanism输出力矩 output torque输出轴 output shaft输入构件 input link数学模型 mathematic model实际啮合线 actual line of action双滑块机构 double-slider mechanism, ellipsograph双曲柄机构 double crank mechanism双曲面齿轮 hyperboloid gear双头螺柱 studs双万向联轴节 constant-velocity (or double) universal joint 双摇杆机构 double rocker mechanism双转块机构 Oldham coupling双列轴承 double row bearing双向推力轴承 double-direction thrust bearing松边 slack-side顺时针 clockwise瞬心 instantaneous center死点 dead point四杆机构 four-bar linkage速度 velocity速度不均匀 ( 波动 ) 系数 coefficient of speed fluctuation 速度波动 speed fluctuation速度曲线 velocity diagram速度瞬心 instantaneous center of velocity塔轮 step pulley踏板 pedal台钳、虎钳 vice太阳轮 sun gear弹性滑动 elasticity sliding motion弹性联轴器 elastic coupling ; flexible coupling弹性套柱销联轴器 rubber-cushioned sleeve bearing coupling 套筒 sleeve梯形螺纹 acme thread form特殊运动链 special kinematic chain特性 characteristics替代机构 equivalent mechanism调节 modulation, regulation调心滚子轴承 self-aligning roller bearing调心球轴承 self-aligning ball bearing调心轴承 self-aligning bearing调速 speed governing调速电动机 adjustable speed motors调速系统 speed control system调压调速 variable voltage control调速器 regulator, governor铁磁流体密封 ferrofluid seal停车阶段 stopping phase停歇 dwell同步带 synchronous belt同步带传动 synchronous belt drive凸的，凸面体 convex凸轮 cam凸轮倒置机构 inverse cam mechanism凸轮机构 cam , cam mechanism凸轮廓线 cam profile凸轮廓线绘制 layout of cam profile凸轮理论廓线 pitch curve凸缘联轴器 flange coupling图册、图谱 atlas图解法 graphical method推程 rise推力球轴承 thrust ball bearing推力轴承 thrust bearing退刀槽 tool withdrawal groove退火 anneal陀螺仪 gyroscopeV 带 V belt外力 external force外圈 outer ring外形尺寸 boundary dimension万向联轴器 Hooks coupling ; universal coupling外齿轮 external gear弯曲应力 beading stress弯矩 bending moment腕部 wrist往复移动 reciprocating motion往复式密封 reciprocating seal网上设计 on-net design, OND微动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism位移 displacement位移曲线 displacement diagram位姿 pose , position and orientation稳定运转阶段 steady motion period稳健设计 robust design蜗杆 worm蜗杆传动机构 worm gearing蜗杆头数 number of threads蜗杆直径系数 diametral quotient蜗杆蜗轮机构 worm and worm gear蜗杆形凸轮步进机构 worm cam interval mechanism 蜗杆旋向 hands of worm蜗轮 worm gear涡圈形盘簧 power spring无级变速装置 stepless speed changes devices无穷大 infinite系杆 crank arm, planet carrier现场平衡 field balancing向心轴承 radial bearing向心力 centrifugal force相对速度 relative velocity相对运动 relative motion相对间隙 relative gap象限 quadrant橡皮泥 plasticine细牙螺纹 fine threads销 pin消耗 consumption小齿轮 pinion小径 minor diameter橡胶弹簧 balata spring修正梯形加速度运动规律 modified trapezoidal acceleration motion 修正正弦加速度运动规律 modified sine acceleration motion斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical gear斜键、钩头楔键 taper key泄漏 leakage谐波齿轮 harmonic gear谐波传动 harmonic driving谐波发生器 harmonic generator斜齿轮的当量直齿轮 equivalent spur gear of the helical gear心轴 spindle行程速度变化系数 coefficient of travel speed variation行程速比系数 advance-to return-time ratio行星齿轮装置 planetary transmission行星轮 planet gear行星轮变速装置 planetary speed changing devices行星轮系 planetary gear train形封闭凸轮机构 positive-drive (or form-closed) cam mechanism虚拟现实 virtual reality虚拟现实技术 virtual reality technology, VRT虚拟现实设计 virtual reality design, VRD虚约束 redundant (or passive) constraint许用不平衡量 allowable amount of unbalance许用压力角 allowable pressure angle许用应力 allowable stress; permissible stress悬臂结构 cantilever structure悬臂梁 cantilever beam循环功率流 circulating power load旋转力矩 running torque旋转式密封 rotating seal旋转运动 rotary motion选型 type selection压力 pressure压力中心 center of pressure压缩机 compressor压应力 compressive stress压力角 pressure angle牙嵌式联轴器 jaw (teeth) positive-contact coupling雅可比矩阵 Jacobi matrix摇杆 rocker液力传动 hydrodynamic drive液力耦合器 hydraulic couplers液体弹簧 liquid spring液压无级变速 hydraulic stepless speed changes液压机构 hydraulic mechanism一般化运动链 generalized kinematic chain移动从动件 reciprocating follower移动副 prismatic pair, sliding pair移动关节 prismatic joint移动凸轮 wedge cam盈亏功 increment or decrement work应力幅 stress amplitude应力集中 stress concentration应力集中系数 factor of stress concentration应力图 stress diagram应力 — 应变图 stress-strain diagram优化设计 optimal design油杯 oil bottle油壶 oil can油沟密封 oily ditch seal有害阻力 useless resistance有益阻力 useful resistance有效拉力 effective tension有效圆周力 effective circle force有害阻力 detrimental resistance余弦加速度运动 cosine acceleration (or simple harmonic) motion 预紧力 preload原动机 primer mover圆带 round belt圆带传动 round belt drive圆弧齿厚 circular thickness圆弧圆柱蜗杆 hollow flank worm圆角半径 fillet radius圆盘摩擦离合器 disc friction clutch圆盘制动器 disc brake原动机 prime mover原始机构 original mechanism圆形齿轮 circular gear圆柱滚子 cylindrical roller圆柱滚子轴承 cylindrical roller bearing圆柱副 cylindric pair圆柱式凸轮步进运动机构 barrel (cylindric) cam圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧 cylindroid helical-coil extension spring圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧 cylindroid helical-coil torsion spring圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧 cylindroid helical-coil compression spring 圆柱凸轮 cylindrical cam圆柱蜗杆 cylindrical worm圆柱坐标操作器 cylindrical coordinate manipulator圆锥螺旋扭转弹簧 conoid helical-coil compression spring圆锥滚子 tapered roller圆锥滚子轴承 tapered roller bearing圆锥齿轮机构 bevel gears圆锥角 cone angle原动件 driving link约束 constraint约束条件 constraint condition约束反力 constraining force跃度 jerk跃度曲线 jerk diagram运动倒置 kinematic inversion运动方案设计 kinematic precept design运动分析 kinematic analysis运动副 kinematic pair运动构件 moving link运动简图 kinematic sketch运动链 kinematic chain运动失真 undercutting运动设计 kinematic design运动周期 cycle of motion运动综合 kinematic synthesis运转不均匀系数 coefficient of velocity fluctuation运动粘度 kenematic viscosity载荷 load载荷 — 变形曲线 load—deformation curve载荷 — 变形图 load—deformation diagram窄 V 带 narrow V belt毡圈密封 felt ring seal展成法 generating张紧力 tension张紧轮 tension pulley振动 vibration振动力矩 shaking couple振动频率 frequency of vibration振幅 amplitude of vibration正切机构 tangent mechanism正向运动学 direct (forward) kinematics正弦机构 sine generator, scotch yoke织布机 loom正应力、法向应力 normal stress制动器 brake直齿圆柱齿轮 spur gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear直角三角形 right triangle直角坐标操作器 Cartesian coordinate manipulator 直径系数 diametral quotient直径系列 diameter series直廓环面蜗杆 hindley worm直线运动 linear motion直轴 straight shaft质量 mass质心 center of mass执行构件 executive link; working link质径积 mass-radius product智能化设计 intelligent design, ID中间平面 mid-plane中心距 center distance中心距变动 center distance change中心轮 central gear中径 mean diameter终止啮合点 final contact, end of contact周节 pitch周期性速度波动 periodic speed fluctuation周转轮系 epicyclic gear train肘形机构 toggle mechanism轴 shaft轴承盖 bearing cup轴承合金 bearing alloy轴承座 bearing block轴承高度 bearing height轴承宽度 bearing width轴承内径 bearing bore diameter轴承寿命 bearing life轴承套圈 bearing ring轴承外径 bearing outside diameter轴颈 journal轴瓦、轴承衬 bearing bush轴端挡圈 shaft end ring轴环 shaft collar轴肩 shaft shoulder轴角 shaft angle轴向 axial direction轴向齿廓 axial tooth profile轴向当量动载荷 dynamic equivalent axial load轴向当量静载荷 static equivalent axial load轴向基本额定动载荷 basic dynamic axial load rating轴向基本额定静载荷 basic static axial load rating轴向接触轴承 axial contact bearing轴向平面 axial plane轴向游隙 axial internal clearance轴向载荷 axial load轴向载荷系数 axial load factor轴向分力 axial thrust load主动件 driving link主动齿轮 driving gear主动带轮 driving pulley转动导杆机构 whitworth mechanism转动副 revolute (turning) pair转速 swiveling speed ; rotating speed转动关节 revolute joint转轴 revolving shaft转子 rotor转子平衡 balance of rotor装配条件 assembly condition锥齿轮 bevel gear锥顶 common apex of cone锥距 cone distance锥轮 bevel pulley; bevel wheel锥齿轮的当量直齿轮 equivalent spur gear of the bevel gear 锥面包络圆柱蜗杆 milled helicoids worm准双曲面齿轮 hypoid gear子程序 subroutine子机构 sub-mechanism自动化 automation自锁 self-locking自锁条件 condition of self-locking自由度 degree of freedom, mobility总重合度 total contact ratio总反力 resultant force总效率 combined efficiency; overall efficiency组成原理 theory of constitution组合齿形 composite tooth form组合安装 stack mounting组合机构 combined mechanism阻抗力 resistance最大盈亏功 maximum difference work between plus and minus work 纵向重合度 overlap contact ratio纵坐标 ordinate组合机构 combined mechanism最少齿数 minimum teeth number最小向径 minimum radius作用力 applied force坐标系 coordinate frame。
复合材料与工程专业专业英语
复合材料与工程专业专业英语复合材料原理中文英文复合材料composite material基体matrix增强体reinforcement纤维fiber颗粒particle晶须whisker纳米管nanotube石墨烯graphene复合效应composite effect复合理论composite theory增强机制reinforcement mechanism界面interface界面层interphase界面粘结强度interfacial bond strength界面物理化学interfacial physical chemistry聚合物基复合材料polymer matrix composite (PMC)金属基复合材料metal matrix composite (MMC)陶瓷基复合材料ceramic matrix composite (CMC)碳-碳复合材料carbon-carbon composite (C-C)遗态复合材料biomimetic composite分级结构复合材料hierarchical composite剪切增稠柔性复合材料shear thickening fluid composite (STFC)连续缠绕工艺filament winding process拉挤工艺pultrusion process注射成型工艺injection molding process压缩成型工艺compression molding process热压工艺hot pressing process热等静压工艺hot isostatic pressing process (HIP)化学气相沉积法chemical vapor deposition (CVD)物理气相沉积法physical vapor deposition (PVD)液相浸渗法liquid phase infiltration (LPI)气相浸渗法gas phase infiltration (GPI)反应浸渗法reaction infiltration (RI)自蔓延高温合成法self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS)电泳沉积法electrophoretic deposition (EPD)溶胶-凝胶法sol-gel method复合材料工艺中文英文复合材料工艺学composite material processing science复合材料加工技术composite material processing technology复合材料成型方法composite material forming method复合材料固化方法composite material curing method复合材料后处理方法composite material post-processing method复合材料接头技术composite material joint technology复合材料修复技术composite material repair technology复合材料表面处理技术composite material surface treatment technology复合材料工艺参数composite material process parameters复合材料工艺性能composite material process performance复合材料工艺缺陷composite material process defects复合材料工艺模拟composite material process simulation复合材料工艺优化composite material process optimization手糊法hand lay-up method喷射成型法spray-up method真空吸附法vacuum bagging method自动糊层机法automatic tape laying method (ATL)自动纤维放置法automated fiber placement method (AFP)树脂传输成型法resin transfer molding method (RTM)树脂膜层叠加成型法resin film infusion method (RFI)真空辅助树脂传输成型法vacuum assisted resin transfer molding method (VARTM)真空辅助树脂注射成型法vacuum assisted resin injection molding method (VARI)树脂浸渍拉挤成型法resin impregnation pultrusion method树脂浸渍缠绕成型法resin impregnation winding method树脂浸渍编织成型法resin impregnation weaving method预浸料成型法prepreg molding method预浸料自动糊层机法prepreg automatic tape laying method预浸料自动纤维放置法prepreg automated fiber placement method预浸料真空吸附法prepreg vacuum bagging method预浸料热压成型法prepreg hot pressing method预浸料热等静压成型法prepreg hot isostatic pressing method预浸料自动模具线成型法prepreg automatic mold line method (AML)模塑复合材料成型法molded compound molding method压缩模塑复合材料成型法compression molded compound molding method注射模塑复合材料成型法injection molded compound molding method转移模塑复合材料成型法transfer molded compound molding method挤出模塑复合材料成型法extrusion molded compound molding method热解复合材料制备方法pyrolysis composite preparation method复合材料结构设计中文英文复合材料结构设计composite material structural design复合材料结构分析composite material structural analysis复合材料结构优化composite material structural optimization复合材料结构可靠性composite material structural reliability复合材料结构失效模式composite material structural failure mode复合材料结构失效准则composite material structural failure criterion复合材料结构强度composite material structural strength复合材料结构刚度composite material structural stiffness复合材料结构稳定性composite material structural stability复合材料结构疲劳性能composite material structural fatigue performance 复合材料结构断裂韧性composite material structural fracture toughness 复合材料结构损伤容限composite material structural damage tolerance复合材料层合板composite material laminate复合材料夹层板composite material sandwich panel复合材料桁架composite material truss复合材料梁composite material beam复合材料板壳composite material plate-shell复合材料管壳composite material tube-shell复合材料网格壳composite material grid-shell复合材料蜂窝板composite material honeycomb panel纤维方向角fiber orientation angle层厚比thickness ratio层间剪切模量interlaminar shear modulus层间剪切强度interlaminar shear strength层间正应力强度因子interlaminar normal stress intensity factor层间剪应力强度因子interlaminar shear stress intensity factor层间断裂韧度interlaminar fracture toughness层间脱层interlaminar delamination层间裂纹扩展速率interlaminar crack propagation rate层间裂纹扩展阻力曲线interlaminar crack resistance curve (R-curve)层内应力分布intralaminar stress distribution层内应变分布intralaminar strain distribution层内失效模式intralaminar failure mode层内失效准则intralaminar failure criterion复合材料力学中文英文复合材料力学composite material mechanics复合材料弹性理论composite material elasticity theory复合材料弹塑性理论composite material elasto-plasticity theory复合材料粘弹性理论composite material viscoelasticity theory复合材料热弹性理论composite material thermoelasticity theory复合材料非线性力学composite material nonlinear mechanics复合材料动力学composite material dynamics复合材料疲劳力学composite material fatigue mechanics复合材料断裂力学composite material fracture mechanics复合材料损伤力学composite material damage mechanics复合材料微观力学composite material micromechanics复合材料宏观力学composite material macromechanics复合材料多尺度力学composite material multiscale mechanics复合材料本构关系composite material constitutive relation复合材料本构方程composite material constitutive equation复合材料本构模型composite material constitutive model复合材料本构参数composite material constitutive parameter复合材料本构参数识别方法composite material constitutive parameter identification method纤维增强复合材料单元细胞模型fiber reinforced composite unit cell model纤维增强复合材料等效模量计算方法fiber reinforced composite equivalent modulus calculation method纤维增强复合材料等效泊松比计算方法fiber reinforced composite equivalent poisson ratio calculation method纤维增强复合材料等效热膨胀系数计算方法fiber reinforced composite equivalent thermal expansion coefficient calculation method纤维增强复合材料等效热导率计算方法fiber reinforced composite equivalent thermal conductivity calculation method 纤维增强复合材料等效电导率计算方法fiber reinforced composite equivalent electrical conductivity calculation method 纤维增强复合材料等效介电常数计算方法fiber reinforced composite equivalent dielectric constant calculation method 颗粒增强复合材料单元细胞模型particle reinforced composite unit cell model颗粒增强复合材料等效模量计算方法particle reinforced composite equivalent modulus calculation method颗粒增强复合材料等效泊松比计算方法particle reinforced composite equivalent poisson ratio calculation method颗粒增强复合材料等效热膨胀系数计算方法particle reinforced composite equivalent thermal expansion coefficient calculation method颗粒增强复合材料等效热导率计算方法particle reinforced composite equivalent thermal conductivity calculation method 颗粒增强复合材料等效电导率计算方法particle reinforced composite equivalent electrical conductivity calculation method 颗粒增强复合材料等效介电常数计算方法particle reinforced composite equivalent dielectric constant calculation method 晶须增强复合材料单元细胞模型whisker reinforced composite unit cell model晶须增强复合材料等效模量计算方法whisker reinforced composite equivalent modulus calculation method晶须增强复合材料等效泊松比计算方法whisker reinforced composite equivalent poisson ratio calculation method晶须增强复合材料等效热膨胀系数计算方法whisker reinforced composite equivalent thermal expansion coefficient calculation method晶须增强复合材料等效热导率计算方法whisker reinforced composite equivalent thermal conductivity calculation method 晶须增强复合材料等效电导率计算方法whisker reinforced composite equivalent electrical conductivity calculation method晶须增强复合材料等效介电常数计算方法whisker reinforced composite equivalent dielectric constant calculation method 纳米复合材料中文英文纳米复合材料nanocomposite material纳米粒子nanoparticle纳米纤维nanofiber纳米管nanotube纳米线nanowire纳米带nanoribbon纳米棒nanorod纳米片nanosheet纳米球nanosphere纳米星nanostar纳米花nanoflower纳米棘轮nanoratchet纳米泡沫nanofoam纳米多孔材料nanoporous material纳米气凝胶nanoaerogel纳米海绵nanosponge纳米网格nanogrid纳米蜂窝结构nanohoneycomb structure纳米层状结构nanolayered structure纳米纤维素复合材料nanocellulose composite material石墨烯复合材料graphene composite material二维纳米材料复合材料two-dimensional nanomaterial composite material量子点复合材料quantum dot composite material全息纳米复合材料holographic nanocomposite material超分子纳米复合材料supramolecular nanocomposite material生物医用复合材料中文英文生物医用复合材料biomedical composite material生物相容性biocompatibility生物降解性biodegradability生物吸收性bioabsorbability生物活性bioactivity生物力学性能biomechanical performance生物功能化biofunctionalization药物缓释drug delivery组织工程tissue engineering骨组织工程bone tissue engineering软骨组织工程cartilage tissue engineering皮肤组织工程skin tissue engineering神经组织工程nerve tissue engineering血管组织工程vascular tissue engineering心脏组织工程cardiac tissue engineering肝脏组织工程liver tissue engineering肾脏组织工程kidney tissue engineering胰腺组织工程pancreas tissue engineering肺组织工程lung tissue engineering骨水泥复合材料bone cement composite material骨替代材料复合材料bone substitute material composite material 骨修复板复合材料bone fixation plate composite material骨钉复合材料bone screw composite material骨髓钉复合材料bone nail composite material骨髓钉复合材料bone nail composite material人工关节复合材料artificial joint composite material人工韧带复合材料artificial ligament composite material人工心脏瓣膜复合材料artificial heart valve composite material人工血管复合材料artificial blood vessel composite material 人工角膜复合材料artificial cornea composite material人工耳蜗复合材料artificial cochlea composite material人工牙齿复合材料artificial tooth composite material人工皮肤复合材料artificial skin composite material人工肝脏复合材料artificial liver composite material复合材料测试与评价中文英文复合材料测试与评价composite material testing and evaluation复合材料测试方法composite material testing method复合材料测试标准composite material testing standard复合材料测试仪器composite material testing instrument复合材料测试数据composite material testing data复合材料测试结果composite material testing result复合材料测试分析composite material testing analysis复合材料评价方法composite material evaluation method复合材料评价指标composite material evaluation index复合材料评价模型composite material evaluation model复合材料评价系统composite material evaluation system复合材料评价报告composite material evaluation report静态力学性能测试static mechanical performance test动态力学性能测试dynamic mechanical performance test疲劳性能测试fatigue performance test断裂性能测试fracture performance test热性能测试thermal performance test电性能测试electrical performance test光学性能测试optical performance test磁学性能测试magnetic performance test磁学性能测试magnetic performance test损伤性能测试damage performance test环境适应性能测试environmental adaptability performance test 耐腐蚀性能测试corrosion resistance performance test耐磨性能测试wear resistance performance test耐老化性能测试aging resistance performance test耐辐射性能测试radiation resistance performance test耐火性能测试fire resistance performance test耐水性能测试water resistance performance test耐化学品性能测试chemical resistance performance test。
机电术语中英文对照
端面重合度 transverse contact ratio 端面模数 transverse module 端面压力角 transverse pressure angle 锻造 forge 对称循环应力 symmetry circulating stress 对心滚子从动件 radial (or in-line ) roller follower 对心直动从动件 radial (or in-line ) translating follower 对心移动从动件 radial reciprocating follower 对心曲柄滑块机构 in-line slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism 多列轴承 multi-row bearing 多楔带 poly V-belt 多项式运动规律 polynomial motion 多质量转子 rotor with several masses 惰轮 idle gear 额定寿命 rating life 额定载荷 load rating
d 包角 angle of contact
保持架 cage
e 背对背安装 back-to-back arrangement r 背锥 back cone ； normal cone te 背锥角 back angle
背锥距 back cone distance
is 比例尺 scale
比热容 specific heat capacity 闭式链 closed kinematic chain
d 等效量 equivalent
等效质量 equivalent mass
e 等效转动惯量 equivalent moment of inertia r 等效动力学模型 dynamically equivalent model te 底座 chassis
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毕业论文文献综述
应用物理
分子ratchet器件和Ratchet制冷
最近,人们已经越来越感兴趣学习网电压 (例如:一个非零直流电压与一个零直流电
流)和直流伏安特点约瑟夫森结(超导结)和噪音。据报道,是对称的噪声可生产网电压、
[1,2]和纠正直流电压。[3,4]我们已经知道了相关的对称的噪音也能产生净电压,[2、5]源
于系统的破坏对称纠纷的加性和乘性之间的相关性噪音。在文献[6],萨帕塔、苏达权等
调查了直流伏安的特点,为非对称直流设备有三个约瑟夫森结则螺纹由一个磁链和被周
期信号和添加剂的噪音。但是他们没有考虑这件事,面前加性和乘性的噪音,更是如此，
这种添加剂和互反噪声相关。在文献[7]中,我们通过研究网络电压,直流伏安特性,平均第
一段时间的情况下设备环境因素引起的摄动,加上热波动(环境混乱可能被描述乘法的噪
音朗之万方程, 热涨落加性高斯白的噪声.)
以上所述的所有工作的约瑟夫森结则被集中在运输引起对电子噪音。生产的原因是
对电子运输系统的对称性坏了。现在不对称系统使概率的波动对双方的势垒不同,所以,
就对电子的运输能量在回应的运输源于对电子噪声的能量。在本文中,我们的目标是调查
对电子的运输存在混沌信号(现在我们将不考虑噪声)。一些不同寻常的行为导致混沌信
号报道:净电压、混沌信号的现象产生共鸣。
在不对称空间运输周期的潜力棒驱动力量。这种现象通常是被称为“棘轮效果。“现
在棘轮效应的影响语境中的分子马达。胶体物质是运输原子的光学的陷阱,颗粒状物质,
电子传递在不对称几何学,漩涡运输和操纵ⅱ超导体,运输在约瑟夫森结则。
我们将调查棘轮系统需进行外部time-oscillatory驱动零均值的、经常存在的偏
置的力量。这里的词:“热”意味着我们考虑内部热波动在系统,来模拟一高斯白噪声他
的力量是成正比的温度的基础上,“惯性”是指粒子周期。我们将报告了一些额外的方
面的负面的流动性,共振活化、和noise-enhance稳定,例如材料的成分出现这些现象,
多谐振活化的山峰,当前的逆转,noise-weakened稳定,等等。
我们报导了一些额外的方面负面的流动性,共振活化和noise-enhance稳定,如材料出
现的这些现象,多谐振活化的山峰,当前的逆转,noise-weakened稳定性、等的平均速度，速
度的棘轮系统thermal-inertial周期信号与恒定偏差周期力量情况。它尚需进一步研究是否
我们的结果出口thermal-inertial棘轮系统。
主要参考文献
[1] Jing-hui Li and Jerzy Łuczka , Faculty of Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211,
People’s Republic of China.Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 40-007 Katowice,
Poland(Received 26 May 2009; revised manuscript received 10 June 2010;published 7
October2010)
[2] LI Jing-Hui and HAN Yin-Xia Department of Physics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211,
China (Received December 16, 2005)
[3] C. Van den Broeck Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
R. Kawai University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA (Received 6
February 2006; published 1 June 2006)
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S. H. Lee, K. Ladavac, M. Polin, and D. G. Grier, Phys. Rev.Lett. 94, 110601 _2005_;
D. Babič and C. Bechinger, ibid. 94,148303 _2005_.
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E. Lundh and M. Wallin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 110603 _2005_.
[6] I. Zapata, R. Bartussek, F. Sols, and P. H¨anggi, Phys.Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 2292.
[7] Jing-Hui Li, Phys. Rev. E 67 (2003) 061110.
[8] J.M. Sancho, S.L. Katz, and J.D. Gunton, Phys. Rev. A 26 (1982) 1589.