专业英语翻译
英语专业翻译词汇
1.一国两制 One Country, Two Systems2.一中一台 One China, One Taiwan3.两个中国 Two Chinas4.（两岸）直接三通 Three Direct Links (Mail, Air and Shipping Services andTrade)5.两千三百万台湾同胞 23 Million Taiwan Compatriots6.两会（人大，政协） Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC)7.三个代表 Three Represents8.三个代表重要思想 the Important Thought of Three Represents9.三八红旗手 Woman Pace-Setter10."八七"扶贫攻坚计划 the Seven-Year Program to Help 80 Million People Outof Poverty11."十一五"计划 the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2006-2010)12.第十五届中央委员会 the 15th central committee of the communist party ofChina (CPC)13.十七大 17th Party Congress14.十一届三中全会 the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh CentralCommittee15.南南合作 South-South Cooperation16.南北对话 North-South Dialog17.台独 Taiwan Independence18."引进来"和"走出去"政策"Bring In" and "Going Out"19.爱国民主人士 patriotic democratic personages20.三大历史任务 the Three Major Historical Tasks爱国统一战线 patrioticunited front21.爱国主义精神 patriotism22.安居乐业 live and work in peace and contentment23.昂扬向上的精神状态 an enterprising spirit24.澳门特别行政区同胞 our compatriots in the Macao SAR (SpecialAdministrative Region)25.霸权主义 hegemonism26.百花齐放 a hundred flowers blossom27.百家争鸣 a hundred schools of thought contend28.边疆稳定 the stability in border areas29.边远地区 remote areas30.波澜壮阔a magnificent upsurge31.博大精深extensive and profound32.不变质never degenerating33.不断提高人民生活水平constantly better people's lives34.不公正不合理unfair and irrational35.不合时宜的观念的束缚shackles of the outdated notions36.不竭动力an inexhaustible motive force37.不可战胜invincible38.不可阻挡的历史潮流an irresistible trend of history39.不迷失方向not lose our bearings40.不平衡uneven41.不平坦的道路a tortuous course42.不全面的not all-inclusive43.采取果断措施take resolute measures44.参政议政participation in and deliberation of state affairs45.长期共存long-term coexistence46.长期社会安定团结long-term social stability and solidarity47.长治久安long-term peace and order48.诚实守信honesty49.充分调动和凝聚fully mobilize and rally50.。
各专业的英文翻译剖析
哲学Philosophy马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学Chinese Philosophy外国哲学Foreign Philosophies逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学Economics理论经济学Theoretical Economics政治经济学Political Economy经济思想史History of Economic Thought经济史History of Economic西方经济学Western Economics世界经济World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics应用经济学Applied Economics国民经济学National Economics区域经济学Regional Economics财政学（含税收学）Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学）Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学Industrial Economics国际贸易学International Trade劳动经济学Labor Economics统计学Statistics数量经济学Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学National Defense Economics法学Law法学Science of Law法学理论Jurisprudence法律史Legal History宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws经济法学Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学Science of Military Law政治学Political Science政治学理论Political Theory中外政治制度Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动Scientific Socialism and InternationalCommunist Movement中共党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China(including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学International Politics国际关系学International Relations外交学Diplomacy社会学Sociology社会学Sociology人口学Demography人类学Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学Ethnology民族学Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy中国少数民族经济Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术Chinese Ethnic Art教育学Education教育学Education Science教育学原理Educational Principle课程与教学论Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史History of Education比较教育学Comparative Education学前教育学Pre-school Education高等教育学Higher Education成人教育学Adult Education职业技术教育学V ocational and Technical Education特殊教育学Special Education教育技术学Education Technology心理学Psychology基础心理学Basic Psychology发展与心理学Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学Applied Psychology体育学Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学Humane and Sociological Science of Sports运动人体科学Human Movement Science体育教育训练学Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学Literature中国语言文学Chinese Literature文艺学Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学Chinese Philology中国古典文献学Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中国少数民族语言文学Chinese Ethnic Language and Literature比较文学与世界文学Comparative Literature and World Literature 外国语言文学Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学English Language and Literature俄语语言文学Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学French Language and Literature德语语言文学German Language and Literature日语语言文学Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学European Language and Literature亚非语言文学Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in Foreign Languages新闻传播学Journalism and Communication新闻学Journalism传播学Communication艺术学Art艺术学Art Theory音乐学Music美术学Fine Arts设计艺术学Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学Film广播电视艺术学Radio and television Art舞蹈学Dance历史学History历史学History史学理论及史学史Historical Theories and History of Historical Science考古学及博物馆学Archaeology and Museology历史地理学Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (including Paleography and Studies of Dunhuang)专门史History of Particular Subjects中国古代史Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史World History理学Natural Science数学Mathematics基础数学Fundamental Mathematics计算数学Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计Probability and Mathematical Statistics应用数学Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学Physics理论物理Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理Plasma Physics凝聚态物理Condensed Matter Physics声学Acoustics光学Optics无线电物理Radio Physics化学Chemistry无机化学Inorganic Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理）Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics) 高分子化学与物理Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学Astronomy天体物理Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学Geography自然地理学Physical Geography人文地理学Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学Atmospheric Sciences气象学Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment 海洋科学Marine Sciences物理海洋学Physical Oceanography海洋化学Marine Chemistry海洋生理学Marine Biology海洋地质学Marine Geology地球物理学Geophysics固体地球物理学Solid Earth Physics空间物理学Space Physics地质学Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology 地球化学Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学）Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学Structural Geology第四纪地质学Quaternary Geology生物学Biology植物学Botany动物学Zoology生理学Physiology水生生物学Hydrobiology微生物学Microbiology神经生物学Neurobiology遗传学Genetics发育生物学Developmental Biology细胞生物学Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学Biophysics生态学Ecology系统科学Systems Science系统理论Systems Theory系统分析与集成Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史History of Science and Technology工学Engineering力学Mechanics一般力学与力学基础General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学Solid Mechanics流体力学Fluid Mechanics工程力学Engineering Mechanics机械工程Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化Mechanical Manufacture and Automation机械电子工程Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程Vehicle Engineering光学工程Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments 材料科学与工程Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学Materialogy材料加工工程Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics 工程热物理Engineering Thermophysics热能工程Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械Chemical Process Equipment电气工程Electrical Engineering电机与电器Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术High V oltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学Physical Electronics电路与系统Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术Computer Applied Technology建筑学Architecture建筑历史与理论Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计）Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学Building Technology Science土木工程Civil Engineering岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering结构工程Structural Engineering市政工程Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering测绘科学与技术Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering 化学工程与技术Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程Chemical Engineering化学工艺Chemical Technology生物化工Biochemical Engineering应用化学Applied Chemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration地球探测与信息技术Geodetection and Information Technology地质工程Geological Engineering矿业工程Mineral Engineering采矿工程Mining Engineering矿物加工工程Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering纺织科学与工程Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering服装设计与工程Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程The Light Industry Technology and Engineering制浆造纸工程Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程Sugar Engineering发酵工程Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制Traffic Information Engineering & Control交通运输规划与管理Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure 轮机工程Marine Engine Engineering水声工程Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology飞行器设计Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering兵器发射理论与技术Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程Forestry Engineering森林工程Forest Engineering木材科学与技术Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程Environmental Science and Engineering环境科学Environmental Science环境工程Environmental Engineering生物医学工程Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering食品科学Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering农产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products农学Agriculture作物学Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学Horticulture果树学Pomology蔬菜学Olericulture茶学Tea Science农业资源利用学Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources土壤学Soil Science植物营养学Plant Nutrition植物保护学Plant Protection植物病理学Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control农药学Pesticide Science畜牧学Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖Animal Genetics, Breeding and ReproductionScience动物营养与饲料科学Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学（含蚕、蜂等）The Rearing of Special-type Economic Animals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学Forestry林木遗传育种学Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学Silviculture森林保护学Forest Protection森林经理学Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用Wildlife Conservation and Utilization园林植物与观赏园艺Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating 水产学Fisheries Science水产养殖学Aquaculture Science捕捞学Fishing Science渔业资源学Science of Fisheries Resources医学Medicine基础医学Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology免疫学Immunology病原生物学Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学Forensic Medicine放射医学Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学）Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学Pediatrics老年医学Geriatrics神经病学Neurology精神病与精神卫生学Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学Nursing外科学（含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学）Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学Otolaryngology肿瘤学Oncology康复医学与理疗学Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy运动医学Sports Medicine麻醉学Anesthesiology急诊医学Emergency Medicine口腔医学Stomatology口腔基础医学Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学Public Health and Preventive Medicine流行病与卫生统计学Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学Occupational and Environmental Health营养与食品卫生学Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health卫生毒理学Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学Military Preventive Medicine中医学Chinese Medicine中医基础理论Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative中西医结合临床医学Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine 药学Pharmaceutical Science药物化学Medicinal Chemistry药剂学Pharmaceutics生药学Pharmacognosy药物分析学Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学Pharmacology中药学Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学Military Thought and Military History军事思想学Military Thought军事历史学Military History战略学Science of Strategy军事战略学Military Strategy战争动员学War Mobilization战役学Science of Operations联合战役学Joint Operation军种战役学（含第二炮兵战役学）Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)战术学Science of Tactics合同战术学Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学Branch Tactics军队指挥学Science of Command作战指挥学Combat Command军事运筹学Military Operation Research军事通信学Military Communication军事情报学Military Intelligence密码学Cryptography军事教育训练学（含军事体育学）Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training)军制学Science of Military System军事组织编制学Military Organizational System军队管理学Military Management军队政治工作学Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment军事后勤学Military Logistics后方专业勤务Rear Special Service军事装备学Military Equipment管理学Management Science管理科学与工程Management Science and Engineering工商管理学Science of Business Administration会计学Accounting企业管理学（含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学）Corporate Management (including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学Tourist Management技术经济及管理学Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management农业经济管理学Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学Science of Public Management行政管理学Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学Social Medicine and Health Management教育经济与管理学Educational Economy and Management社会保障学Social Security土地资源管理学Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学Science of Library, Information and Archival 图书馆学Library Science情报学Information Science档案学Archival Science。
专业英语翻译技巧
Engineers have to analyze and solve design problems.
翻译技巧（四） 重复译法
4. 重复共同的定语
Metals are the best conductors and gases the poorest conductors of heat. The law of conservation and transformation of energy is the chief basis of engineering practice.
2.省略代词
（1）By the word “alloy” we mean “mixture of metals”。 （2）Hardened steel is difficult to machine，but having been annealed, it can be
3.省略介词
（1）In winter，it is much colder in the North than it is in the South。 （2）Most substances expand on heating and contract on cooling。
科 技 英 语 翻 译 的 基 本 技 巧
1）词义引申
2）词量增减 3）词类转换 4）重复译法 5）成分转换 6）成分分译 7）被动语态的译法 8)长句翻译
注意：每个句子 都应正确划分 结构。
翻译技巧（一） 词义引申
词义引申是指改变原文字面意义的翻译方法。词义 引申时，往往可以从词义转译、词义具体化、词义抽象 化和词的搭配四个方面来考虑。
翻译技巧（四） 重复译法
二、重复省略的部分 Water has the property of dissolving sugar, sg dissolved by water.
研究生专业英语--带翻译
一个不错家庭一个接一个地崩溃，留下一个父母照顾他们的孩子，他们将在一个完全不健康的家庭中成长，没有父母的关爱和关爱。
译文：为什么离婚率正在上升吗 ? 你有没有注意到 , 近年来越来越多的人离婚 ? 我认为你的答案是肯定的。就我个人而言 , 我的一些朋友已经经历过。
12
总结
▲
今天，婚姻的社会制度还不够稳定。就目前而言，在不深入问题的情况下更 换伴侣要容易得多。然而，这不是那么容易在现实中，事实上，问题不会消 失，如果我们逃避它们。了解破坏婚姻的主要因素，显然会帮助人们避免一 些这样的困难，可能至少有一个家庭在未来会失败。
a
13
Marriages
Marrage background
7
Why marriages fail
▲
成功的婚姻生活是一件复杂的事情 。大约有
50% 的婚姻以失败告终，其中许多在第一年就
失败了。每一对新人都带着美好的愿望出发， 白色的裙子，水桶里温柔的花朵，以及蓬勃的 a 爱的感觉。但是没有人知道这个故事什么时候 结束。不管怎么说，大多数问题都是突然消失 的，配偶们都没有做好准备。
生活可能是自发的和意外的，的确，金融危机 可能发生在富裕家庭。金钱是人们在婚姻中争 a 论最多的一件事。Leabharlann 103不忠
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另一个严重的离婚原因是不忠。寻找婚姻之外的另一个原 因是当夫妻变得非常苛刻的时候。妻子或丈夫可能没有意
识到唠叨和抱怨是一种苛求。它给配偶施加了很大的压力，
让他们以某种方式对待对方。如果他们不能按照所希望的 a 愿望和命令去做，那么他们就开始在屋外寻找和平。
专业英语翻译
Freeways,especially those built to Interstate standards are the safest of the various classes of highways.高速公路,尤其是那些按照州际公路标准建造的是各种公路里面最安全的.While control of access, which limits vehicle conflicts(车辆冲突), is a primary factor in relatively low accident, injury,and fatality rates(事故,死亡率), other design features, such as wide medians and shoulders roadsides clear of obstructions, and the extensive use of protective barriers(护栏), are key factors as well.出入口控制减少车辆冲突，是获得较低的交通事故率和伤亡率的一个主要因素。
另外，其他的设计特性，如较宽的中央分隔带和较宽的路肩、路边无障碍物、大量采用防护栏等也是关键要素。
The higher design speeds(设计速度) used for freeways result in long sight distances(视距)due to long radius horizontal curves and long vertical curves, and other desirable design features that create a safe driving environment.高速公路采用较高的设计速度导致的长视距是由于大半径水平曲线和长的竖曲线，以及其他创造安全的驾驶环境的适宜的设计特性.Although most of the nation’s freeways enjoy thisrelatively high level of design and safety, there are many opportunities for further enhancements.尽管全国绝大部分高速公路最喜欢这样的设计和安全性比较高的水平，但还是有很多地方需要进一步增强。
专业英语-翻译技巧
本研究介绍了分离CRT的屏玻璃和锥玻璃、去除屏玻 璃的荧光涂层和回收集成电路板的可行技术。
科技翻译需要掌握的知识
❖ 掌握一定的专业词汇量 ❖ 具备科技知识，熟悉所翻译专业 ❖ 了解中西方语言的习惯，以及科技英语翻译技巧
在科技英语中，在系动词后作表语的形容词常常 转译成汉语的动词。
Organic compounds are not soluble in water.
有机化合物在水中是不溶的。
有机化合物不溶于水。 The design of surface water sewers is
dependent on rainfall intensities and the extent of catchment area(汇流区). 地表水的下水管设计取决于降雨强度和汇流区的 大小。
海洋污染破坏了产生氧气的植物生命，这样的污染 可能最终降低了空气中我们呼吸的氧的含量。
Engine revolution(转数) should not exceed the maximum permissible.
发动机的转数不应超过所允许的最大值。２．达(smooth)
英语习惯将传递主要信息的主句前置，后接若干个有次 要信息的分句。汉语则常按时间和逻辑顺序由先到后、 由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到结论这样排列。因 此，这就需要对英语的句子通过分解和重组等变通手段 进行灵活处理。
专业英语翻译概述
翻译 是用一种语言把用另一种语言表示的内容准确
无误地重新表达出来，翻译不是原文的翻版或者复 制，从某种意义上来说是原文的再创作。其目的是 使不懂原文的读者能够了解原文所表达的科技内容。
刚整理的专业英语课文翻译
第一单元Human bodyTo understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc.了解人体各部分的组成及其功能，对于认识人体是必需的。
研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。
其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。
Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article.解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。
专业英语第二章翻译
Chapter 2 Boiler第二章锅炉Air heater 空预器Commissioning 试运行Anchor 支座，固定Compressor 压缩机、压气机Anhydrous ammonia 无水氨Condenser 凝汽器Anthracite 无烟煤Containment 反应堆安全壳Atomized 雾化Convection 对流Austenitic 奥氏体钢Coolant 制冷剂Auxialiary 辅助机械Coordinated 坐标，定位Axis 轴Corten低合金耐腐蚀钢Bagasse 甘蔗渣Counterflow 逆流（换热器）Bare tube 光管Creep strength 蠕变强度Bark 树皮Criterion 标准Beam 梁，横梁Critical pressure 临界压力Bituminous coal 烟煤Culm 煤屑Blade 叶片Cyclone furnace 旋风炉Blast 鼓风Debris 残骸、有机残留物Blowdown 排污Decane 癸烷Boiler 锅炉Decay 分解Bulk 大块的Deposited 沉积，沉淀的Burner zone 燃烧器区域Deterioration 恶化Butane 丁烷Diesel oil 柴油Calcination 煅烧Differential 差动，微分Capacity 出力Distillate 馏出物Carbon steel 碳钢Distortion 变形Cerium 铈Division wall 分隔墙，双面水冷壁Chromium 铬Drainage 疏水Circulating fluidized bed CFB 循环流化Drum 汽包床锅炉Coal char 煤焦Dwell time 保留时间Cogenerator 热电联产机组Economizer 省煤器Combustion 燃烧Embrittlement 脆性，脆化Equalization 均衡，平衡Ingress进口，入口Erosive 侵蚀的，腐蚀的In-line 顺列Ethane 乙烷Inorganic 无机的Evaluate 评估，评价Ion 离子Evaporate 蒸发Jurisdiction 权限Excess air 过量空气Lignite 褐煤Extended surface 扩展受热面Lime 石灰Fatigue 疲劳Limestone 石灰石Feedwater 给谁Low alloy 低合金钢Ferrite 铁素体Low-volatile 低挥发分的Fin 鳍片，肋片Margin 裕量，安全系数Flange 法兰Matrix 矩阵Flue gas 烟气Membrane 膜Fouling 沾污Methane 甲烷Furnace 炉膛Mill 磨煤机Generator 发电机Molecule 分子Geological 地质的Molten 熔化Girth 环形Nitric oxide 氮氧化物Govern 控制、调节Nonpressure 非承压的Gravity 重力Nontoxic 无毒的Header 联箱，集箱Organisms 有机体Helical 螺旋状的Oxidation 氧化Helium 氦Peat 泥煤Heterogeneous 不均匀的Pendants superheat platen悬吊式屏式过热器Hopper 斗，料斗Pentane 戊烷Husk 壳，外壳Petrochemical 石油化工制品Hydraulic 水力的，液压的Petroleum 石油制品Ignite 点火Plasma spray coating 等离子喷涂Impurity 杂质Platen 屏Inert 惰性Polymer 聚合物Inferior 低级的，劣质的Pores 气孔，小孔Ingredients 成分Porosity多空的Potassium 钾Slurry 水煤浆Prandtl numbers 普朗特数Sodium 钠Prefabricated 预制的Solvents 溶剂Premium fuel 优质燃料Sootblower 吹灰器Pressure loss 压力损失Sour gas 含硫气体Primary air 一次风Specification 规格Propane 丙烷Stable ignition 稳定着火Proximate analysis 工业分析Stanton number 斯坦顿数Pulp 纸浆Saturated 饱和的Pyrites 黄铁矿Straw 稻草Radius 半径，范围Steam line blowing 蒸汽管路吹灰Rare earth element 稀土元素Steams 茎，杆Recuperator 间壁式换热器Stress corrosion 应力腐蚀Regenerator 回热器，蓄热器Structural formula 结构式Regulate 控制，调节Stud 双头螺栓Repercussions 反应Subbituminous 贫煤，次烟煤Reservoirs 储气罐Suction 真空，负压Residuale fuel oil 渣油Sulphur 硫Resonant 共振Superheater 过热器Retract缩回Swamp 沼泽Reynolds number 雷诺数Sweet gas 无硫气Rigid 刚性的，紧密地Switchgear 配电装置，开关装置Rollers 辊子Temperature-entropy 温熵图Scale 水垢，Tenacious 黏的Seal 密封Thermodynamics 热力学Sedimentary 沉积Tube bundles 管束Serpentine tube 蛇形管Tubular 管状的Shale 页岩Turbine 汽轮机Silica 二氧化硅V elocity 速度Silt 淤泥V ertical spidle mill 中速磨，立轴磨Single-phase 单相V essel 容器Skin casing 外护板Viscosity 黏度Slag 结渣V olumetric expansion 体膨胀Vulnerable 易损的，薄弱的DEH 数字电液系统Wear磨损DNB 偏离核态沸腾Welded 焊接FDF 送风机Wingwall屏式凝渣管FGD 烟气脱硫Yttrim 釔FSSS 炉膛安全检测保护系统Abbreviations HRB 回热锅炉AFBC 常压流化床燃烧IDF 引风机AFCO 燃料自动切断IGCC 整体煤气化联合循环AFWC 给水自动切断LMTD 对数平均温差ASME 美国机械工程师协会MFT 主燃料切断ATM 标准大气压MUF 锅炉补给水BFP 锅炉给水泵NWL 正常水位BUT 按钮OFA 火上风，燃尽风BWC锅炉水浓度PFBC 增压流化床燃烧BYP 旁路SSC 刮板除渣机CFBB 循环流化床锅炉TGA 热重分析仪MCR 最大连续蒸发量UBC 未燃烧DAS 数据采集系统WFGD 湿法烟气脱硫2.1 IntroductionBoilers use heat to convert water into steam for a variety of applications. Primary among these are electric power generation and industrial process heating. Steam has become a key resource because of its wide availability, advantageous properties and non toxic nature. The steam flow rates and operating conditions can vary dramatically; from 1000lb/h (0.1kg/s) in one process use to more than 10 million lb/h (1260kg/s) in large electric power plant; from about 14.7 psi (1 bar) and 212ºF in some heating applications to more than 4500 psi (310bar) and 1100ºF (593℃) in advanced cycle power plant.2.1 简介SSC锅炉利用热量使水转变成蒸汽以进行各种利用。
专业英语翻译
C. Manufacturing Cells (Group Technology)(Familyof Parts Concept)The use of manufacturing cells represents a particular kind of factory layout for manufacturing equipment. The essence of the concept is that, when manufacturing a particular part or family of similar parts in substantial quantities, the equipment for successive operations on the part should be grouped together. The operator - or team of operators who make that part (or the family of parts) - operate all the equipment in the cell. This arrangement is in contrast to a more traditional factory layout that groups like equipment together in departments. Then parts move from departmentto department for each operation. The advantage of the cell layout is that lines of communication and transportation are made very short. The factory's through-put rate is speeded; work-in-process inventory is greatly reduced; when problems arise at one operation, their effect on subsequent operations is immediately recognized. Route sheets to control movement of parts through the factory are greatly simplified or not needed. Operators learn what is needed at each operation to avoid problems at subsequent operations and have the satisfaction of seeing the results of their efforts.Quality tends to improve. The dis-advantage is that C.制造单元（成组技术）（零件族概念）制造单元的使用代表生产设备一种特殊的工厂布局方式。
各专业英文翻译
法学 Law Study英语 English日语 Japanese信息与计算科学 Information and Computation Science应用物理学 Applied Physics冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering金属材料工程 Metallic Materials Engineering无机非金属材料 Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials材料成型及控制工程 Material Formation and controlEngineering高分子材料与工程 Multimolecular Materials and Engineering工业设计 Industrial Disign建筑学 Architecture城市规划 City Planning艺术设计 Artistical Disign包装工程 Packaging Engineering机械设计制造及自动化Machine Disign,Manufacturing,and Automation热能与动力工程 Thermal and Power Engineering水利水电工程 WaterConservance and Electro-power Engineering测控技术与仪器 Technique and Instrumentation of Measurements电气工程及其自动化 Electric Engineering and its Automation自动化 Automation通信工程 Communication Engineering电子信息科学与技术 Sience and Technology of Electronic Information 计算机科学与技术 Computer Sience and Technology土木工程 Civil Engineering工程管理 Project Management给水排水工程 Water Supply and Sewage Engineering建筑环境与设备工程 Constructional Environment and Equipment Engineering 过程装备与控制工程 Processing Units and Control Engineering环境工程 Environmental Engineering化学工程与工艺 Chemacal Engineering and Technology安全工程 Safty Engineering工商管理 Industrial and Commercial Management市场营销 Market Management and Sales会计学 Accounting旅游管理 Tourism Management信息管理与信息系统 Information Management and System金融学 Finance国际经济与贸易 International Economy and Trade食品科学与工程 Food Sience and Engineering生物工程 Biological Engineering纺织工程 Textile Engineering建筑环境与设备工程、Constructional Environment and Equipment Engineering 过程装备与控制工程、Processing Units and Control Engineering现代家政学、 Modern Domestic Science运动训练科学系、 Sports Train Science食品营养与检测、 Food Nutrition and Detect国际新闻、 International News体育健康教育系 Sports Health Education哲学 Philosophy马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies逻辑学 Logic伦理学 Ethics美学 Aesthetics宗教学 Science of Religion科学技术哲学 Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学 Economics理论经济学 Theoretical Economics政治经济学 Political Economy经济思想史 History of Economic Thought经济史 History of Economic西方经济学 Western Economics世界经济 World 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第六章
大体积混凝土的温控
6-1.绪言
混凝土降温会导致的拉应变松弛，为防止开裂，对大体积混凝土采取温控措
施是必要的。水泥水化热，加上从外界环境下得到额外的热量，都会使混凝土产
生温升。将峰值温度限制到一个安全的水平，并使混凝土温降的拉应变小于混凝
土的容许拉应变，从而有效防止混凝土开裂。
6-2.混凝土的热性能
a. 概述
混凝土与热量有关的一些性能被用在了重力坝的设计研究中，如导热系数，
热扩散率，比热，热膨胀系数，水化热，拉伸应变能力，弹性模量等。影响混凝
土热性能最重要的因素是骨料的组成成分。选择适合的骨料要基于其他一些因
素，性能难以控制的骨料很少被用。II型水泥由于低水化热限制常被指定的水泥
代替。近几年，IV型低水化热水泥已经不再被用，因为在大多数工程中热量散发
能通过其他一些措施来控制，IV型已不是仅有的选择。
b. 导热系数
材料的导热系数就是它传递热量的速率，也被定义为热通量与温度梯度之
比。含水量，密度和温度会显著影响特定水泥的导热系数。用石英岩，石灰石，
玄武岩等骨料组成的混凝土按英国热量单位（英）/小时/英尺/华氏度（°F）典
型值分别为2.3, 1.7, 和 1.2。
c. 热扩散率
扩散系数是用传导的热量除以产品的比热和密度，用来描述混凝土经历
温度改变难易程度的指数。混凝土的扩散率值范围从玄武岩混凝土的0.03平方英
尺/小时到石英砂混凝土的0.06平方英尺/小时。
c. 比热
比热或比热容是指单位质量物体改变单位温度时吸收或释放的热量。各
种混凝土的比热容大致是相同的，变化范围从0.22°F到0.25°F。
e. 热膨胀系数
热胀系数可定义为物体单位长度的改变值除以在百万分之一每 ° F的温度的
变化值。玄武岩和石灰岩混凝土的值变化范围从3到5百万分之一每 ° F；石英岩
混凝土的值可达8百万分之一每 ° F。
f. 水化热
水泥的水化热反应是释放热量的，并且在较长时间内可释放大量的热量。不
同水泥的水化热不同，7天时可释放热量从60到95卡路里，28天时可释放热量从
70到110卡路里。
g. 拉伸应变能力
混凝土的设计是基于其最大拉应变值破裂模数通过混凝土梁的第三点荷载
破裂实验测得。混凝土拉伸应变能力由弹性模量除以破裂模数的值决定的。典型
值根据加载速率和类型而定，变化范围从50到200万。
h. 徐变
混凝土在持续压力下发生的变形叫做徐变。蠕变是在单位压力下的徐
变 。大体积混凝土徐变的范围是1.4×10 - 6/每平方英寸磅（磅）。
i. 弹性模量
当荷载从0.5下降到4 × 10-6磅，大体积混凝土瞬时荷载的弹性模量从1.5变化
至6×10-6磅。
6-3.热量研究
a.概述
在重力坝设计中，温度改变导致的混凝土应变不会超过其应变能力，评估这
种情况的可能性是必要的。用以控制混凝土热量和体积的改变，减少开裂的详细
设计程序见混凝土实践手册，第207节。以下的混凝土参数应由实验室确定：水
化热，绝热温升，导热系数，热扩散率，比热，拉伸应变能力。热性能测试不会
被实施直到综合测试确定了最可能的骨料来源和胶凝材料的可用性。
b. 温度最高容许值
为了防止混凝土表面收缩而引起的裂缝，必须对内部大体积混凝土的峰
值温度进行控制。温度最高容许值是用年平均温度加上线性膨胀系数除以拉伸应
变能力所得的华氏温度，常常被用防止大体积混凝结构的严重开裂 。当混凝土
温升较少到一定值或温度下降到能产生拉伸应变和裂缝能承受的水平时，认为混
凝土百分百将不会自由收缩。
6-4.温控措施
温控措施的基本目的是减少水化热温升，混凝土内外温差以及暴露在冷
空气中混凝土表面的开裂最常用的技术是控制浇筑层厚度，浇筑层之间的时间间
隔，混凝土入仓的最高温度以及混凝土表面的散热养护。二期冷却却对大结构来
说，简化了工艺程序。分析决定控制温升和温降能产生不良裂缝时的安全值的最
经济的措施。”对于有限复杂性的结构，如传统的重力坝形状，其很好的设计程
序见ACI 207“大体积混凝土坝和其他大体积结构。”碾压混凝土的温控包括设
置伸缩缝，冬季施工，混凝土配合比，增加散热等措施。收缩缝可以通过在每个
浇筑层设置一系列和金属板形成永久垂直缝。为了在低温季节提高散热速率，浇
筑层厚度一般为1到2英尺。碾压混凝土施工尽可能地在低温季节进行施工，从
而提高施工速率，避免造成过多的工期延误。
第九章
碾压混凝土重力坝
9-1. 绪言
将碾压混凝土施工技术应用重力坝建设中，通过快速施工技术，降低了
工程造价。在进行碾压混凝土施工时需要特别考虑渗流控制，水平缝和横缝，面
板组成成分以及附属建筑物的布局和设计。设计者应该利用碾压混凝土施工和工
程评价的余地平衡降低成本和有关安全性，耐久性，适用性的技术要求。碾压混
凝土坝典型剖面如图9-1。碾压混凝土配合比及施工应按照EM 1110-2-2006。
9-2. 施工技术
采用自卸汽车或皮带传送机将混凝土拌合物从搅拌器机运到仓面。机械
吊具，如起重机，缆索等放置在碾压层上的。根据其压实能力，碾压层厚度的范
围从8到24英寸不等。利用以上设备和连续浇筑的灵活性，碾压混凝土坝的施
工速率大大高于常态大体积混凝土。碾压混凝土的浇筑摊铺作业位置的典型布局
见图9-2。