简单句的六种基本结构
简单句的六种基本结构
?主语＋不及物动词
?主语＋系动词＋表语
?主语＋及物动词＋宾语
?主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
?主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
?There be ＋主语句型
例如
?This knife cuts well.
?She seems quite satisfied.
?Have you fixed my watch yet?
?He owed me 50 yuan.
?Xiao Li is helping me mend my bicycle.
?There stands an old tower in the east of the town.
翻译下列句子
?高考前同学们常常学习到深夜.
?我等你等了很久了.
?玻璃很容易碎.
?她听了这消息好象很平静.
?他太累了,刚躺下就睡着了.
?这家工厂没周生产一千辆小汽车.
?请你把那本书递给我好吗?
?我去找个人来帮你修理电脑.
?我们感到我们的心在激烈的跳动.
?有很多中国学生在国外留学.
Keys
?Students often work deep into night before the entrance exam.
?I have been waiting for you for a long time.
?Glass breaks easily.
?She appeared quite calm at the news.
?He was so tired that he fell asleep the moment he went to bed.
Keys
?This factory produces 1 ,000 cars a week.
?Will you please pass me the book?
?I?ll get someone to repair the computer.
?We could feel our hearts beating fast.
?There are many Chinese students studying abroad.
简单句的种类
?根据使用目的, 句子可分为:
?陈述句
?疑问句
?祁使句
?感叹句
陈述句
要特别注意陈述句的否定结构
1.否定转移:主句谓语动词是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess, imagine 等表“认为, 猜想” 的动词时, 宾语从句的否定习惯上前移到主句谓语上.
eg. I don?t think I know you.
She doesn?t believe you are wrong.
注意: hope 不在此列.
误: I don?t hope it will rain.
正: I hope it won?t rain.
not…until 的句型
非强调句型: I don?t know his name until yesterday.
强调句型: It was not until yesterday that I knew his name.
倒装句: Not until yesterday did I know his name.
有时对状语的否定也移到谓语上.
翻译: 我今天觉得不舒服.
误: I?m feeling not well t oday.
正: I?m not feeling well today.
2. 含有否定意义的副词
句中含有never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely 时, 应视为否定句.
I could hardly see anything.
He rarely comes to see me.
有些句子在结构上属于肯定式, 但含有否定意义的词
?None of us has been to Beijing.(否定的主语)
?I saw nothing in the darkness.(否定的宾语)
?He begged the teacher not to punish him.(否定的宾补)
?We could find her nowhere.(否定的状语)
3. 部分否定
?all, both,either, every, everybody, everyday, everywhere, always与not 连用时, 表示部分否定.
?表示全部否定要用no, neither, none, nobody, nothing, never , nowhere 等词.
肯定: All the ants go out for food.
?部分否定:Not all the ants go out for food.或: All the ants don?t go out for food.
?全部否定:None of the ants go out for food.或:Not any of the ants go out for food.
4. 双重否定
without与not, no one, nobody, never, can not等否定词连用,意为… 无(没有) …不? , …每…必?.
No one can see the film without being moved to tears.人们看了这部电影无不为之感动得流泪. They never meet without quarrelling.他们每次见面必要吵架.
其他双重否定结构
He is not unfit for his job.他不是不称职.
There is noboby here who is not a League member.这里人人都是团员.
One can?t learn a f oreign language unless he studies hard.除非用功, 否则学不好外语.
He couldn?t help laughing.他禁不住大笑起来.
5. 强调肯定意义的否定结构
?这些结构有cannot …too (over, enough, more)
?You cannot be too careful.或You cannot be over careful. You cannot be careful enough.
?We cannot praise him too much.
?---How are you today? --- Couldn?t be better.
?I couldn?t agree with you more.
6.具有否定意义的肯定结构
?He is too young to go to school.
?The problem is far from being settled.
?It is the last thing I want to do.
?Such a problem is beyond (above) me.
?I failed to understand the meaning of the sentence.
?It has been two months since I smoked.
疑问句
?一般疑问句
?特殊疑问句
?选择疑问句
?反意疑问句
特殊的反意疑问句结构
1. One can?t be too sure, ____ ______ ?
2. Tom seldom goes to the cinema, ____ ___?
3. The man is unfit for his job, ____ ______?
4. Everyone knows me, _____ _______ ?
5. No one was hurt in the accident, _____ ____ ?
6. I don?t think he can speak Japanese, _____ ____ ?
7. You don?t believe she will come, _____ ______ ?
8. What you need is more practice, _____ ______ ?
1. One can?t be too sur e, can one/he?
2. Tom seldom goes to the cinema, does he ?
3. The man is unfit for his job, isn?t he ?
4. Everyone knows me, doesn?t he /don?t they ?
5. No one was hurt in the accident, were they ?
6. I don?t think he can speak Japanese, can he ?
7. You do n?t believe she will come, do you ?
8. What you need is more practice, isn?t it?
9. You needn?t do that when your mother is here, ____ ______ ?
10. He is a doctor but his wife is a teacher, _____ ______ ?
11. Please open the window, _____ ______ ?
12. Le t?s to for a walk, ______ _____ ?
13. Let us know if you can go with us, _____ ____ ?
14. Let me have another try, ____ ______ ?
15. Let me help you, ______ _______ ?
16. I wish to go home , _____ ______ ?
9. You needn?t do that when your mother is here, need you ?
10. He is a doctor but his wife is a teacher, isn?t she ?
11. Please open the window, will/would you ?
12. Let?s go for a walk, shall we ?
13. Let us know if you can go with us, will you ?
14. Let me have another try, will you ?
15. Let me help you, may I ?
16. I wish to go home , may I ?
17. Your father must be a doctor,_______ ?
18. You must go home right now, ______ ?
19. You mustn?t smoke here, _________ ?
20. You must have met her yesterday, _______ ?
21. You must have seen the film many times, ____________ ?
陈述部分用SO 开头, 附加部分采用“同向”疑问.
?So you are getting married , are you?
?So you don?t like my cooking, don?t you?
?口语对话中, 当某人的话表示讥讽或怀疑时, 往往简略重复对方的话后再加上简短问句.
①--- Tom told me he saw a bear last night.
--- He did, did he?
②--- Y ou mustn?t listen to his story.
--- Oh, I mustn?t , mustn?t I ?
祁使句
?含主语的祁使句
You get out! Everybody stand up!
条件祁使句
Use your head, and (then) you?ll find a way.
→If you use your head, you?ll find a way.
Try again, or you?ll fail.
→If you don?t try again, you?ll fail.
或You?ll fail unless you try again.
并列句
?表示增补关系的并列连词: and, both…and, neither…nor, not…nor, not only …but also, as well as 等.
?表选择关系的并列连词:or, or else, otherwise, either…or, whether…or.
?表转折关系: but, while
?表因果关系: for, so
?有些副词如besides, moreover, therefore, however, nevertheless, consequently , furthermore等也可以起到并列连词的作用.
while 也可表示转折, 但与but 不同的是, 主要强调上下文的一种对比关系.
They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they themselves couldn?t.
when 作为并列连词意为“这时”, 位于第一分句后, 此时不能用while或as 代替.
I was just about to lie down to rest when I saw a snake in the grass.
并列连词不能与从属连词混合使用
误: Although he was sick, but he went on working.
正: Although he was sick, he went on working.
He was sick, but he went on working.
He was sick, and yet he went on working.
Although he was sick, yet he went on working.
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分）
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词：when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词：
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
whether 与if 均为“是否” 的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 所取代：
1.whether 引导主语从句（包括从句在句首的位置）应当用whether，不用if，如：
Whether it is true remains a problem.
Whether he will come, I am not sure.
2. 引导表语从句用whether，不用if，如：
The question is whether you should accept it.
3. whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if 则不能，如：
I?m not interested in whether they?ll go or not.
It depends on whether we have got enough money.
4. whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if 则不能，如：
I didn?t know whether to laugh or to cry.
She hasn?t decided whether to go or not.
5.引导同位语从句用whether，不用if，如：
The ques tion whether he?ll attend the meeting is essential.
★大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可置于句末，用it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
二、名词性that-从句
1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。
名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如
主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.
宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.
同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
2）that-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
It's a pity that you should have to leave.
用it 作形式主语的that- 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that…有必要……
It is important that…重要的是……
It is obvious that…很明显……
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that…人们相信……
It is known to all that…从所周知……
It has been decided that…已决定……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that………是常识
It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that…事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that…似乎……
It happens that…碰巧……
It occurred to me that…我突然想起……
三、名词性wh-从句
1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。wh-词包括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：
主语：How the book will sell depends on its author.
直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes.
间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.
表语：My question is who will take over the president.
宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to.
同位语：I have no idea when he will return.
形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.
介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.
2）wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
四、if, whether引导的名词从句
1）yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同，例如：
主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.
宾语：Let us know whether/if you can finish the article before Friday.
表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money.
同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.
形容词宾语：She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.
介词宾语：I worry about whether he can pass the exams.
2）选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成,如：
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish.
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.
五、否定转移
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。
I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。
注意：若谓语动词为hope, 宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.
我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语having…)
4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定状语)
1.It now appears ______ they are in need of help.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. how
2.It is good news ______ they will arrive in a few days.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. how
3.It ______ Joe drives badly.
A. thought that
B. thinks that
C. is thought that
D. is thought that
4.It ______ he is late for class.
A. may that
B. might that
C. may be that
D. might be what
5.This is ______ she was born.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. what
6.The questi on is ______ we can?t go there today.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. when
7.The question is ______ it is worth doing.
A. if
B. whether
C. which
D. what
8.The reason he has made such great progress is _______ he has never wasted his time.
A. because
B. why
C. that
D. what
9.My suggestion is ______ we should turn the land into rice fields.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. where
10.His proposal is that the dam ______ at the foot of the mountain.
A. build
B. will build
C. be built
D. will be built
11.My advice is that he ______ regular house.
A. keep
B. would keep
C. keeps
D. kept
12.______ knows the truth will tell you about it.
A. Who that
B. Whoever
C. Whom that
D. That who
13.We all know the truth _____ the earth goes round the sun.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. whether
14.We heard the news ______ our team had won.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. where
15.The problem ______ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.
A. which
B. that
C. whether
D. if
16.You must do well ______ the teacher asks you to do.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. where
名词性从句知识点考点
?考点一，名词性从句的语序问题。
?考点二，it 作为形式主语或形式宾语的用法。
?考点三，考查that 与what 的区别。
?考点四，考查whether 与if 以及与that 的区别。
?考点五，考查疑问词+ever 引导的名词性从句以及与no matter + 疑问词的区别。
?考点六，考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题。
在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句句首外，其它部分应用陈述语序，特别是在以wh-引起的名词性从句中。克服这个问题的关键是要找准从句的主语。例如：
The photographs will show you ______
A. what does our village look like
B. What our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
?但是除了以who开头的问句和表示“怎么了”的句型：what is/was the matter with sb/sth ?若为what the matter is/was ? 在宾语从句中表示“东西是什么?”
在句词型从句中为了使句子保持平衡,常用先行词it 来代替主语从句或宾语从句,而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面,尤其是连词that 引导的主语从句常用于此句式中.不能用this和that来代替it. 如:
___is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A.There
B.This
C.That
D.It
I hate ___when people talk with their mouths full.
A.it
B.that
C.these
D.them
在名词性从句中that 与what 的区别:
that 连词在从句中不作成分,不含有疑问意义,只起
语法连接作用; 而what 连词在从句中作成分,且含有疑问
意义.(指物,事,东西,作主语,宾语,表语,同位语等). 如:
___we can?t get seems better than ___we have .
A.What;what
B.What;that
C.That;that
D.That;what
This is ___ was an old temple.
A.where
B. the place
C.what
D.that
在名词性从句中whether 和if 的区别是:
在引导宾语从句时两者一般可以通用,但在引导主语从句
表语从句, 同位语从句, 介词后面的宾语从句以及后面直
接跟or not 时只能用whether,不用if .
whether和if 引导名词性从句与that 引导名词性从句区
别: whether ,if 引导的从句是由一般疑问句转化而来的,含有疑问意义; 而that 引导的从句是由陈述句转化而来的,不含有疑问意义.
What the doctors really doubt is ___my mother will recover from the diease.
A.when
B.how
C.whether
D.why
It worried her a bit ___her hair was turning grey.
A.while
B.that
C.if
D.for
疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词的区别是:
前者既可以引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句,而后者
只能引导让步状语从句.在引导从句时,疑问词+ever 比单独
用疑问词引导从句语气要强.
____leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A.Anyone
B.The person
C.Whoever
D.Who
Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____shares her interests.
A.anyone
B.whomever
C.whoever
D.no matter who
在名词性从句中,主语,表语,宾语,同位语四种从句都可到虚拟语气.
主语从句中在“It +be+necessary等形容词+从句”和“It+be +a pity等名词+从句”以及It +be +suggested等(表示命令,要求,建议等动
词的过去分词)+从句结构中,一般用虚拟语气.这时从句中的谓语动词由“should+动词原形”构成.在口语和非正式语体中,可以省去.
宾语从句中某些表示“愿望、请求、建议、命令、决心”等意义的动词后也用“（should)+ 动词原形”来构成谓语，表示虚拟。常见词如下：advice,ask ,decide,command,demand,insist,order,propose, request,require,recommend,suggest,urge等。
表语从句或同位语从句在某些表示“建议、请求、命令”等意义的名词后同样需用“(should) + 动词原形”来构成谓语。这类名词有：advice,desire,decision,idea,order,plan,proposal,rec-ommendation,request,suggestion 等。如：
My suggestion is that we (should) read English newspapers to improve our English.
The teacher suggested that we (should) have a rest.
It is necessary that he (should) come to see us.
1.It was ordered that all the soldiers____to the front.
A.should send
B.must be sent
C.should be sent
D.must go
2. It is not clear ___he did it .
A.who
B.which
C.whom
D.why
3.It is said ___has been translated into Chinese.
A.that
B.which
C.that which
D.that that
4.It is a pity that she ___in the exam.
A.had failed
B.fails
C.fail
D.is failing
5.Everything depends on___we have enough experience.
A.if
B.whether
C.that
D.when
6.Actually,girls can be___they want to be just like boys ,whether it
is a pilot,an astronaut,or a general manager.
A.wherever
B.however
C.whatever
D.whoever
7.This is the main use that the scientists make ___of natural resources.
A.it
B.which
https://www.360docs.net/doc/e313095379.html,e
D.\
8.Mr. Cooper wanted to buy the house and he told me that ___the house
cost, it would be ___it. A.however\worth B.how much\worth
C.whatever;worth
D.what\worthy
9.Mr. Tom enjoyed___again by working in the factory because he often
hates____while staying alone at home all day long.
A.him\that
B.it\it
C.himself\it
D.himself\that
10.___sometimes keeps her awake at night___Tom is getting more
and more quiet at home. A.That\which B.It\that
C.Whether\what
D.What\that
11.---Do you know___Mr.Jack?s address is?
---He may live at No.25 or No.52 of Changan Street.I?m not sure
of____. A.where\which B.what\which
C.where\what
D.what\where
英语中一些重要的不定代词的用法
both, either, neither
both为“两者都”，neither为“两者都不”，either为“两者之一”。这三个单词都用于指两个人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。
作主语：
1) Both (of them) enjoyed the rice. 他们两人喜欢吃米饭。
2) Neither (of us) is a doctor. 我们俩都不是医生。
3) Either (of you) will go. 随你们哪个去都可以。
注意：作主语时，both后面的谓语动词用复数。neither, either后面的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
作定语：
1) Both Zhang Hua's father and mother worker work in a hospital, but neither one is a doctor. 张华的父母亲在一所医院工作，但都不是医生。
2) You may take either apple. 两个苹果任你拿一个。
作宾语：
1) I like both of the toys very much. 我非常喜欢这两件玩具。
2) The boy could find neither of them and went away. 这男孩找不到他们俩就走开了。
3) You may plant either in the street. 你可以种在街道的任一边。
both 还可作同位语，它们句中的位置是在动词be，助动词或情态动词的后面，但在实义动词前面。
1) They are both in good health. 他们两人身体都很好。
2) They will both go there. 他们两人都收到那儿去。
3) They both agreed to take part in the birthday party. 他们两人都答应参加生日晚会。
此外，either 可作副词用于否定句，表示“也”，相当于肯定句中的“too”。
This is not mine. That is not, either. 这不是我的，那也不是。
neither 表示“也不”的时候，常用在倒装的结构形式中：
I don't like to play football. Neither does he. 我不喜欢踢足球，他也不喜欢。
She hasn't got a bike. Neither have I. 他没自行车，我也没有。
注意，both 和and, either 和or, neither 和nor 可构成连词。表示“和……两个都”，连接主语时谓语动词是复数；“不是……就是”；“或……或”，“既不……也不”；“……都不” 连接两个并列主语时谓语动词的数一般应与靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致，如：
1) Both Zhang and Wang are good students. 张、王都是好学生。
2) Either you or he is right. 不是你就是他对的。
3) Neither he nor i am a scientist. 他和我都不是科学家。
one, another, the other
1. one 常用来作代词，替代前文所出现的可数名词，表示人或物，以避免重复。例如：
I haven't got a ball pen. I'll have to buy one. (= a ball pen) 我没圆珠笔，我得去买一支。
He is one to think more of others. 他是个能多为别人着想的人。
2. the other, another 都可解释为“另一个”。other 加上定冠词用于两者中的另一个，another 指三者以上中的另一个。例如：
He was two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher.
We've received two parcels, one from my uncle, the other from my aunt.
I don't like this one, show me another, please.
I've just bought three things. One is a walkman, another is a pocket calculator, the third is a video game.
3. another 还有“再……” 的意思，例如：
Have another cup of coffee, please. 再喝一杯咖啡吧！
She could have to stay here for another week. 他将在这里再待一个星期。
4. other 有“另外” 的含义。例如：
Where are the other students? 其他学生在哪里？
The boy is much cleverer than the other two. 这孩子比另两个更聪明。
5. others 和the others 表示复数的泛指和特指。例如：
In the park some are playing games. Others are walking near the river.
I have five colour pencils. One is red, another is blue and the others are green.
6. the rest 也可作“其余的” 解释。它用作主语时注意谓语动词的单复数。例如：
The rest of his life was spent in America. 他的余生是在美国度过的。
He has eight books. Two are in English. The rest are in Chinese. 他有几本书，两本是英文，其余的是中文。
little, a little, few, a few
1. little 与a little 两者都用来修饰不可数名词，little 作“很少”，“几乎没有” 解，有否定的意思，a little 作“少许”、“有一点” 解，有肯定的意思，例如：
In this way they can make the trip with just a little money. 用这种方法他们只花很少的钱就能旅行。
There is little left, is there? 没剩多少了，是吗？
2. few, a few 用来修饰可数名词，前者表示否定，后者表示肯定。
A few of us speak English well. 我们中有几个人英语讲得很好。
There were few eggs is the fridge, so he went to the supermarket and bought some. 冰箱里几乎没鸡蛋了，所以他去超市买了一些。
3. few 作主语时，谓语动词仍用复数，例如：
Few men know this, do they?
4. 常用词组有quite a few (好几个)，only a few (只有一个)，a very few (极少数)。例如：
He studied Chinese for quite a few years. 他学汉语已有好几年了。
some, any, no, none, each, every, many, much
（1）some 和any:
some (一些，某个) 句中可作主语、宾语、定语等，常用于肯定句。作定语时，它可修饰可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词是单数时，some 表示“某个” 的意思。例如：
There are some newspapers on the table.
I am going to buy some orange juice.
Have you any questions? Yes, I have some.
I have read that in some magazine.
当说活者表示提议、请求或期望得到肯定回答时，在疑问句中也可用some。例如：
Would you like some tea?
Could you lend me some money?
any “一些” 用法相同于some, 但多用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句。例如：
Is there any ink in your pen?
Put up your hands if you have any questions.
注意：
1. any 用于肯定句中有“任何一个” 解。常用于比较级句子中。
Tom runs faster than any other boy in his class.
Tom runs faster than any of the other boys in his class.
2. some, any, every, no 可以与body, thing, one 构成合成代词，这些代词都作单数看待，表示人或物：Something is wrong with my bike.
Something is asking to see you.
Nobody is absent.
If you want anything, call me.
（2）no 和none:
none (没有一个，全不，都不) 是名词性的不定代词，可作主语和宾语，常和of 短语连用，不以作定语。none 作主语代替不可数名词时，谓语用单数形式。代替可数名词时，谓语用单、复数均可。例如：
None of us is / are from Beijing.
None of the money is mine.
none 与all 相对，有“全不” “全部” 的含义，因此all 是全肯定，none 是all 的全部否定，但都指三者以上的人或物。
We all made mistakes.
None of us was correct.
no 是形容词性的不定代词，只能用作定语，可修饰可数和不可数名词。no 等于not a 或not any 加上名词。例如：
I have no money.
I have not any money.
no one 相当于nobody，意为没有人，谓语用单数。
（3）each 和every ：
each (每个，各自的) 强调个体，可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语。
every (每个，一切的) 相当于all，强调整体，只能作定语。
Each boy has a dictionary. 每个孩子都有一本词典。
Every boy has a dictionary. 所有的孩子都有一本词典。
注意：every 构成的常用词组
every other day 每隔一天/ every other five days 每隔五天
every other line 每隔一行/ every five days 每五天
（4）many 和much ：
many 修饰可数名词的复数，谓语用复数，much 修饰不可数名词，谓语用单数，它们可用在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，还可在肯定句中作主语或修饰主语。例如：
So much for today.
There are many buses and cars in the street.
many 已被a lot of, a large number of, a great many 所代替。
much 已被a lot of, plenty of, a good deal of, a great (large) quantity of 所代替。
但a lot of / lots of 只能用于肯定句。
1. ______ of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.
A. Each
B. Any
C. No one
D. None
2.We couldn?t eat in a restaurant because ______ of us had ______ money on us.
A. all ; no
B. any ; no
C. none ; any
D. no one ; any
3.There is a tree on _______ side of the street.
A. every
B. all
C. either
D. both
4.There is a desk on _______ side of the room.
A. both
B. either
C. all
D. every
5. — Which side can I sit on the boat?
— If you sit still, you can sit on _______.
A. every side
B. all sides
C. both sides
D. either side
6.It is said that _______ of his parents have gone to Beijing.
A. all
B. every
C. both
D. either
7.Some students are absent-minded, _______ of them heard what the teacher said.
A. all
B. none
C. every
D. not all
8. — Is _______ here?
— No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
A. anybody
B. somebody
C. everybody
D. nobody
9.They were all very tired, but ______ of them would stop to take a rest.
A. any
B. some
C. none
D. neither
10. — Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
—I?m afraid _______ day is possible.
A. either
B. neither
C. some
D. any
11. If you want to change for a d ouble room you?ll have to pay _____ ﹩5.
A. another
B. other
C. more
D. each
12. — Which of the two books do you want?
— I want _____. Please show me ______.
A. none ; another
B. all ; the other
C. neither ; the other
D. neither ; another
13._____ side of the street is lined with different shops, ____ of which sell electronic products.
A. Both ; both
B. Either ; all
C. Neither ; either
D. Either ; both
14. — Do you need anything else?
— Yes, we still need ______ aircrafts.
A. more two
B. two more
C. other two pieces of
D. two other pieces of
15.I had no idea which was better, so I took _____ of them.
A. any
B. every
C. none
D. both
16. —The examination was easy, wasn?t it?
—Yes, but I don?t think ______ could pass it.
A. somebody
B. anybody
C. nobody
D. everybody
19.Tom and Mary have arrived, but students in your class aren't here yet.
A. other
B. others
C. the other
D. the others
20.Do September and April have thirty days ?
A. every
B. neither
C. each
D. all
21. of us is active in English class.
A. Every
B. Every one
C. Everyone
D. Anybody
22.We have English classes day, Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.
A. each other
B. every other
C. this and other
D. all other
23.Tom had a bad cold. is why he didn't come to school.
A. It
B. That
C. This
D. There
24.They invited the three of ,Tom, Bob, and .
A. us , me
B. we , I
C. us , I
D. we , we can do the job? .
A. None
B. No one
C. Not one
D. Not many ones
18.I wanted some water, but there was in the bottle.
A. none
B. no
C.
DCCDD CDCCB ADBBD B 19 ACCBBBA
主谓一致要点精讲
“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。
“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are, were, have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is, was, has, works等。
在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则:
语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
意义一致的原则
（一）谓语动词为单数的情况
1. 由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。
The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (那个工人兼作家…)
(比较：The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家)
Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.
2. Every … and (every)…, each …and (each… , no …and (no)… , many a …and (many a)…连接两个单数名词作主语。
Every desk and every chair is made of wood.
Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.
3. one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +复数名词作主语。
Each of the students has a book.
4. clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。
Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.
5. 以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。
6. 表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。
Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.
7. 由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。
8. 非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。
Collecting stamps is what he likes.
Whatever was left was taken away.
9. 单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。
（二）谓语动词为复数的情况
1. 由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。
Both bread and butter are sold out.
2. people , police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。
The police are looking for the missing child.
3. goods, stairs, arms 等名词作主语。
4. 由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。
The Olympic Games are held once every four years.
5. a number of /quantities of /a group of +名词作主语
（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定
1. 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。
His family is a great one.
His family are music lovers.
2. means, works, pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。
The steel works is near the station.
Two new steel works are being built.
3. “kind, sort, pair, type +名词” 作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。
4. all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。
All are present .
All the food tastes good.
5. “half / most / enough / part / the rest / the last / lots / plenty / 分数、百分数+ of + 名词”作主语:
谓语动词要和of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。
就近一致原则
由or , either …or, neither…nor, not only…but also 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单
复数上保持一致。
Not only he but also I am invited.
Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress.
但注意：
“with / along with / together with / including / but / except / like / among / as well as / no more than / besides / rather than +名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。
The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.
集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定?
1．His family _______ a small one．
2．His family _______ fat and short．
A．is，is B．are，are C．is，are D．are，is
此题应选C。family是一个集合名词，具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。类似这种用法的词主要的有：
team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会，委员们)，audience(听众)等：
This class consists of 45 students. Mr Green teaches it．
这个班45个学生，由格林先生教。
This class are all diligent. Mr Green teaches them.
这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生教。
The team is the best in the league．这个队在联赛中打得最好。
The football team are having baths．足球队队员们在洗澡
It was late, but the audience was increasing.
时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。
The audience were all moved to tears.
听众都感动得流了泪。
但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：
1. 有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数)：clothing 衣服，poetry 诗歌，baggage／luggage 行李，furniture家俱，machinery 机械，scenery 景色，jewellery珠宝等。
2. 有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式)：people人，police警察，cattle牲口等。
谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?
We Chinese ____ a hard-working people．
A．is B．are C．is being D．are being
此题应选B。这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。
注意以下类似例子：
These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim．
The planets were the object of his study．
The most important thing I need is books．
The country's leading export is watches．
The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies．
但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具体的语境（多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数），例如：
Who is your brother？谁是你的兄弟？
Who are your brothers？哪些是你的兄弟？
What he said is quite correct．他所说的完全正确。
What he left me are only a few old books．他给我留下的只是几本旧书。
并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致？
1. You or he ___C____ to blame．你或他有一人要受责备。
2. _______ you or he to blame? 受责备的是你还是他？
A．is，Is B．are，Are C．is，Are D．are，Is
在通常情况下，两个并列主语由or，either…or，neither…nor，not…but，not only…but（also）等连接时，其谓语通常与第二个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致，但是，在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致。
1．One or two days ____ enough to see the city．
A．is B．are
C．am D．be
2．Neither my wife nor I myself ____ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind．
A．is B．are
C．am D．be
3．Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another．
A．is B．are
C．am D．be
4．Not the teacher，but the students ____ looking forward to seeing the film．
A．is B．are
C．am D．be BCBB
下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致？
A library with five thousand books ____ to the nation as a gift．
A．is offered B．has offered
C．are offered D．have offered A
用连词and连接的两个并列主语，其谓语要用复数，但是若主语跟有with, like, but, except, besides, including, together with, along with, as well as, more than, no less than, rather than等连接的另一个名词，其谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。
1．Nobody but Betty and Mary ____ late for class yesterday．
A．was B．were
C．has been D．have been
2．A woman with some children ____ soon．
A．is coming B．are coming
C．has come D．have come
3．No one except my parents ____ anything about this。
A．know B．knows
C．is known D．are known
4．The teacher as well as the students ____ the book already．
A．has read B．have read
C．are reading D．is reading
5．All but one ____ in the accident．
A．was killed B．were killed
C．will be killed D．are killed AABAB
1. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _____ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is
B. are
C. am
D. be
2. A library with five thousand books ___to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered
B. has offered
C. are offered
D. have offered
3. When and where to build the new factory ___ yet.
A. is not decided
B. are not decided
C. has not decided
D. have not decided
4. The number of people invited ___fifty, but a number of them ___ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was
B. was; was
C. was; were
D. were; were
5. E-mail, as well as telephones, ___ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing
B. have played
C. are playing
D. play
6. ____ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is
B. Two fifth; are
C. Two fifths; is
D. Two fifths; are BAACAC
名词性从句练习1
1. _____ food is related to illness is not a new discovery.
A. what
B. that
C. /
D. if
2. That?s _____ we learn the meaning of the words in our own language.
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. which
3. Many people have discovered _____ profitable as well as fun _____ hobbies can be.
A. it…that
B. them…that
C. it…when
D. them…when
4. _____ we really cared for most of all was science.
A. That
B. Which
C. What
D. If
5. The learned man wondered _____ electricity was some way like lightning during a thunderstorm.
A. whether
B. that
C. what
D. how
6. That?s _____ you?ve b een looking so worried these last few days.
A. why
B. what
C. that
D. how
7. The reason why it was called “the wind?s eye” was _____ the slit let in more wind than light.
A. because
B. that
C. what
D. which
8. Everything depends on _____ they will support you.
A. if
B. which
C. whether
D. that
9. It is not known yet _____ we can take the bus near the bridge when there is a heavy fog.
A. if
B. whether
C. how far
D. what
10. An order has come from Berlin _____ no language but German may be taught in the school of Alsace and Lorrane.
A. /
B. where
C. that
D. which
11. Many doctors believe _____ hobbies help to make our lives more enjoyable.
A. if
B. that
C. when
D. where
12. All Benjamin hoped was _____ peo ple would remember him and say “He led a useful life.”
A. that
B. what
C. when
D. where
13. Mrs. Brown asked _____ the policeman could help when she was at a loss.
A. that
B. how
C. if
D. where
14. The ex-neighbour asked Mr. Medina _____ ha had paid for the book.
A. how long
B. how much
C. how far
D. that
15. No one knows _____ suggestion works.
A. when
B. where
C. how
D. that if
16. _____ is most important to me is that I don?t have to go to work by ferry.
A. what
B. that
C. it
D. there
17. _____ is terrible _____ river pollution can become so bad that fish and plants can not live.
A. That…that
B. There…that
C. It…it
D. It…that
18. The air hostess asked _____ any of the passengers knew anything about the machines.
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. if
19. David?s wife realized _____ had happened and went very white.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. whether
20. We couldn?t imagine _____ he was behaving so strangely.
A. why
B. if
C. whether
D. how
21. I doubt _____ Shenghua Football Team will gain the third prize.
A. that
B. /
C. whether
D. what
22. I don?t doubt _____ Liping has entered the key university.
A. if
B. /
C. that
D. where
23. Mother asked him _____.
A. what wrong with him
B. what was the wrong with him
C. what?s wrong with him
D. what was wrong with him
24. I wonder _____ he _____ abroad.
A. if…had gone
B. that…has gone
C. if…has gone
D. that…had gone
25. Galileo concluded that heavy objects and light objects _____ at the same time.
A. fell
B. falling
C. fall
D. fallen
26. _____ do you think _____ is the best student in your class?
A. Whom…that
B. Whom…/
C. Who…that
D. Who…/
27. I did _____ I could _____ others.
A. that…help
B. what…to help
C. that…to help
D. what…help
28. Ask him how much _____.
A. did the suit cost
B. cost the suit
C. the suit cost
D. the suit costed
29. _____ surprised me most was _____ we met with each other here.
A. That…that
B. What…that
C. It…what
D. It…if
30. The problem is _____ will tie the bell to the cat.
A. that
B. whoever
C. No matter who
D. who
The fact what he had failed in the exam surprised our class teacher.
A B C D
1.If your boy friend will attend the meeting is unknown.
A B C D
2.All that you told the children last time were interesting.
A B C D
3.When we?ll go for an outing have not been decided.
A B C D
4.The news what your cousin who was one of my colleagues failed in the exam surprised
A B C
me greatly.
D
5.The reason why you didn?t attend the League activity was because you hadn?t been told
A B C
about it.
D
6.I have no idea what did he say was right.
A B C D
7.I consider this necessary that you study English well.
A B C D
8. A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of our life is known to us all.
A B C D
9.What do you think that we should do to improve our spoken English?
A B C D
Answers:
1-5 BCACA 6-10 ABCBC 11-15 BACBC 16-20 ADDBA
21-25 ACDCC 26-30 DBCBD 1-5 AADCA 6-10 CCAAB
名词性从句练习
I. Fill in the blanks :
1. _____ she was chosen made us very happy .
2. _____ we need is time .
3. _____ she will come depends on the weather .
4.______ Beijing will host the 2008 Olympic Games is certain .
5._____ is a pity _____ she has made such a mistake .
6.______ hasn?t been made clear ____ the new building is to be built .
7. We are sure _____ it will be a success .
8. I doubt ______ he is willing to help us .
9. I don?t doubt _____ he will come soon .
10. Do you doubt ____ he is an honest man ?
11.. Don?t take ___ for granted ____ everyone will agree to the plan .
12. He told me ____ he had come the day before and ____ he was going to stay here for a week .
13. The problem is _____ he would like to go there .
14. It looks _____ everything was in order .
15. All I ask is _____ you should tell the truth .
16. You have no idea ____ worried I was !
17.We all know the fact ____ the first country to make paper was China .
18.He gave us a suggestion _____ we should improve our listening ability .
II. Multiple choices :
1. ______ manners are very important in every country is known to all but the trouble is _____ different countries have
different ideas about ____ good manners are .
A. That ; that ; what
B. That ; what ; what
C. what ; that ; that
D. What ; what; that
2. It makes no difference __________ .
A. that who will go with me
B. why will they stay
C. when you will leave
D. that how you get there
3. Mike always thinks of _____ he does good deeds for others .
A. that
B. if
C. what
D. how
4. Which of the following is right ?
A. It is true what he said at the meeting
B. What he said at the meeting is true
C. He has been chosen made us happy
D. A man?s worth lies not so much in what he has as in he is
5. Mother made a promise ____ I passed the exam she would buy me a new bike .
A. that
B. if
C. whether
D. that if
6. The suggestion _______ to the Great Wall on the weekend delighted us .
A. we would go
B. that we would go
C. that we go
D. we go
7. This is ______ they call the Bird Island and _____ we?ll stay .
A. where; what
B. what ; where
C. how ; where
D. why ; the place where
8. Go and get your coat . It?s _____ you left it .
A. where
B. there
C. there where
D. where there
9. Don?t take _____ for granted ____ everyone studies hard .
A. it ; which
B. that ; that
C. anything ;that
D. it ; that
10. I don?t know __________ .
A. what was the matter outside
B. what the matter outside was
C. what was outside the matter
D. what was happened outside
11. ______ nothing to do with us .
A. What she did have
B. What she did is
C. What did he do has
D. What she has done has
12. Energy is _____ makes things work .
A. what
B. everything
C. something
D. that
13. My hometown is not ____ it used to ____ ten years ago .
A. when ; do
B. what ; do
C. what ; be
D. when ; be
14. It was said______ was how he invented the useful thing.
A .that that
B .that which
C .which that
D .which which
15. Word came ____ the Prime Minister was to inspect our school.
A .when
B .which
C . that
D . what
16. When and where we?ll hold the meeting ____ not been decided yet .
A. has
B. is
C. have
D. are
17. _____ your father wants to know is _____ getting on with your study .
A. What ; how are you
B. How ; how you?re
C. How ; that you?re
D. What ; how you?re
18. ____ is lost may be lost forever .
A. That
B. Everything
C. All
D. What
19. The suggestion remains______ the working conditions should be improved.
A , which
B .what
C .that
D .it
20. _____is worth doing is worth doing well.
A .Whatever
B .Which
C .How
D .That
21. ________ Asia is connected with Europe.
A .It is known to all
B .It knows to all where
C .That is known to all that
D .It is known to all that
22._____ we go swimming every day ___ us a lot of good.
A . If , do
B .That , do
C .Whether, does
D .That, does
23. She is quite a nice girl except _____ at times she is a little too weak .
A. for
B. that
C. /
D. since
24. The schools of the future will probably be quite different from ____ they are today.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. ones
1.These photograhps will show you _____.
A.what does our village look like
B.what our village looks like
C.how does our village look like
D.how our village looks like
2.Can you make sure ______ the gold ring?
A.where Alice had put
B.where did Alice put
C.where Alice has put
D.where has Alice put(90)
3.No one can be sure _____ in a million years.
A.what man will look like
B.what will man look like
C.man will look like what
D.what look will man like(91)
4.—-We haven?t heard from Jane a long time.
--What do you suppose _____ to her?
A.was happening
B.has happened
C.to happen
D.having happened(91)
5.Go and get your coat. It?s _____you left it.
A.there
B.where
C.there where
D.where there(92)
6._____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A.Whenever
B.If
C.Whether
D.That(92)
7._____ he said at the meeting astionished everyone present.
A.What
B.That
C.That fact
D.The matter(93)
8.—-Do you remember _____ he came?
--Yes, I do . He came by car.
A.how
B.when
C.that
D.it(94)
9._____ we can?t get seems better than ______ we have.
A.What , what
B.What , that
C.That , that
D.That , what (95)
10.After the war, a new school building was put up ________there had once been a theatre.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when (97)
11.Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he
B. However he is late
C. However is he late
D. However late he is(97)
12.Dr,Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge,I can…t remember _____.
A.where
B.there
C.which
D.that(98)
13.Why do you want a new job_____you?ve got such a good one already?
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.when (98)
14. －－I,m going to the post office.
－－＿＿＿＿＿you…re there. can you get me some stamps?
A. As
B. While
C. Because
D. If (99)
15. ＿＿＿＿＿you?ve got a chance. you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that
B. After
C. Although
D. AS soon as (99)
16．－－I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
－－Is that ＿＿＿＿＿you had a few days off?
A. why
B. when
C. what
D. where (99)
17. You should make it a rule to leave things＿＿＿＿＿you can find them again
A. when
B.where
C.then
D.there (99)
18. We…ll have to finish the job.＿＿＿＿＿.
A. long it takes howewer
B. it takes howewer long
C. long however it takes
D. however long it takes (99)
19.____she couldn?t understand was ____ fewer and fewer studnets showed interest in her lesson.
A.What , why
B.That , what
C.What , because
D.Why , that (2000)
20.Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ___________.
A.who is he
B.who he is
C.who is it
D.who it is (2000)
21. It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning gray . （MET?92）
A. while
B. if
C. that
D. for
22. _______ we can?t get see ms better than _______ we have . （NMET?96）
A. What ; what
B. What ; that
C. That ; that
D. That ; what
23. _______ we?ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . （NMET?96）
A. If
B. Whether
C. That
D. Where
24. I remember _______ this used to be a quiet place . （NMET?93）
A. when
B. how
C. where
D. what
25. Does ______ matter if he can?t finish the job on time ? （MET?91）
A. this
B. that
C. he
D. it
26. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _______ he or she wants . （NMET?97）
A. however
B. whatever
C. whichever
D. whenever
27. _______ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. （上海?99）
A. Who
B. The one
C. Anyone
D. Whoever
28. They have no idea at all ______ （NMET?97）
A. where he has gone
B. where did he go
C. which place had he gone
D. where has he gone
29. The police found that the house _____ and a lot of things ______ . （MET?90）
A. has broken into ; has been stolen
B. had broken into ; had been stolen
C. has been broken into ; stolen
D. had been broken into ; stolen
30. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ______ office soon. （NMET?93）
A. leaves
B. would leave
C. left
D. had left
31. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. （NMET?95）
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
答案：1-5 BCABB 6-10CAAAB11-15 DCDBA
16-20 ABDAD 21-25DABAA 26-31BDADBD
2.简单句的五种基本结构
简单句的五种基本结构 正确的英语句子都要符合一定的语法结构要求。英语句子的结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。英语句子都可以看作是这五种句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装构成的。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础，也是学好其他语法知识的前提。 英语五种基本句型结构如下： 主语谓语 用符号表示为： ①ＳＶ（主＋谓） ②ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） ③ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） ④ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） ⑤ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 主语（subject）谓语（predicate） 宾语（object）定语（attribute） 状语 (adverbial) 补语（complement） 表语（predicative） 考点1.基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。如: It is raining now. (ＳＶ) We’ve worked for 5 hours. (ＳＶ) The meeting lasted half an hour. (ＳＶ) Time flies. (ＳＶ) 考点2.基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。 She likes English. We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday. 练习1.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 1.People all over the world speak English. 2.Jim cannot dress himself. 3.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 4.He did not know what to say. 5.He just wanted to stay at home. 6.He practices speaking English every day. 考点3.基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give“给”，pass“递”，bring“带”，show“展示”。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。 如：He gave me a cup of tea. (ＳＶｏＯ) She bought me some books. (ＳＶｏＯ) 若直接宾语为人称代词，通常不能放在后面。如： 不能说 Bring me it, please.而要说Bring it to me, please. 有时候为了强调间接宾语，把间接宾语放到后面，于是就构成了： 动词 + 直接宾语 + 介词（to或for）+ 间接宾语。 He gave a cup of tea to me. She bought some books for me. Show this house to Mr. Smith. 常跟双宾语的及物动词有： c一般用to多些，用for的记住常用的三个就行：get, buy, make。 He got an English-Chinese Dictionary for me. She bought a book for John. My uncle made a kite for me. 练习2.分析下列句子成分，口头说出间接宾语和直接宾语。 1.She ordered herself a new dress. 2.She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3.He brought you a dictionary.
英语简单句的五种基本句型
简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题 一、句子成份 英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： Country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） 2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 1)简单谓语： We study for the people. 2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.. 3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。 My sister is a nurse. Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） It began to rain.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink. 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：We make him our monito r(班长). 5、宾补: 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street His father named him David.（名词） They painted（涂漆） their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh（新鲜的） air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） 6、定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 He is a new student. 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room/over there/ is mine. Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing（发展中） country; America is a developed（发达） country.（分词）
简单句的五种基本句型教案
教学讲义
三、主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P) [例句]1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. The cake smells good. 蛋糕味道很好。 3. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。 4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。 5. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 6. Our well has gone dry. 我们的井干枯了。 7. His face turned red. 他的脸红了。 [分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。 四、主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO) [例句]1. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。 3. I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片。 4. I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。 5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。 6. He showed me how to run the machine.他教我开机器。 [分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，故这类动词被称作双宾语动词。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。一般来说指人的宾语叫间接宾语，指物的宾语叫直接宾语。通常
中考英语--简单句的六种基本结构
简单句 1、I am sorry to have kept you______ A to wait B wait C waited D waiting 2、 I felt somebody ______ me A touch B touched C to touch D touches 3、 He taught me _____ speak English A how should B how C how can I D how to 4、 I shall make your dream ______ A coming truly B come true C to come true D comes true 5、 He told _____ home A us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to not go 6、 I think _____ a good habit to get up early A this B it C that D its 7、 Roses in bloom smell ______ A sweeten B sweetly C sweet D sweetness 8、The weather ____. A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold 9、 The apple tasted ____. A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet 10、He got up ____ yesterday morning. A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter 【知识点精讲】 一、基本概念 简单句：英语中，只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句叫做简单句。在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。除了主语和谓语外，简单句中还可以有宾语、表语、补语、状语、定语等。 二、简单句的句子成分 1、主语：表示句子说的是什么人或什么事，由名词，代词，动名词，不定式或短语充当位于句首。例:He likes watching TV. 1
简单句的五种基本结构.docx
简单句的五种基本结构 简单句是由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。简单句的谓语部分包括谓 语动词及宾语、宾语补足语、表语等不同句子成分，不同谓语动词的不同组合形成简单句的基本句型。 一、主语 +连系动词 +表语 1.这一句型中的连系动词除be 之外，主要有一下几类： (1)感官系动词： feel( 感到，摸起来 ), look( 看起来 ), taste （尝起来） , sound （听起来） , smell （闻起来） ①这衣服是丝绸织的，摸上去很柔软。②这花闻起来很香。 (2) 渐变类系动词：become( 变得，成为 ), come （成为，变为）, fall（变得）, get（变得）, go （变为；成为）, grow （变得） , turn（变得） ①我弟弟已经成为一个着名作家。 ②他的梦想变成了现实。 ③听到这个消息，那女孩的脸变红了。 (3)保持类系动词： keep（保持） , remain （依然） , stay （保持）①请 保持安静。 ②你能告诉我保持年轻的秘诀吗 ③冬天这座山依然是绿的。 ④ 他一直在这个学校当了二十年的老师。 2.表语可以由名词、代词、形容词、部分副词、数词、介词等来充当。如： ①他是个化学家。 ②这些铅笔是我的。 ③他的讲话既长又令人厌烦。 ④孩子们出去了。 二、主语 +不及物动词 1.本句型的不及物动词是表意动词，在句中作谓语，说明主语的行动、状态或心理活动。有时态变化，人称和数要和主语保持一致。 常见的不及物动词有 agree, arrive, burn, come, dance, die, fall, fly, go, hurry, jump, leave （离开） , listen, live,look, move, play, rest,ring, rise, run, shout,sit, skate, smile, snow, speak, stand, stay, stop, swim, travel, talk, try, wait, walk, work, worry等 (1)月亮升起来了。 (2)我的表停了。 (3)老师还没有到。 可以在这一句型后加上时间、地点等状语，使句意更具体。例如： (4)他是昨天来的。 (5)昨天晚上雨下得很大。 (6)他走了。 (7)他们走了五英里。 (8)他说话不太多。 三、主语 +及物动词 +宾语 这个句型中的宾语常见的有以下四种形式： 1.名词、代词 我们都喜欢这个音乐会。 2.动词不定式 只能跟不定式作宾语的动词有 agree , allow, beg, decide , expect, fail , force , hope , learn, permit, persuade, plan, prepare , promise, refuse , want, warn, wish , would like , should love等动词（短语）。
简单句的五种基本句型
基本句型： 所谓基本句型就是句子结构的基本“格局”，也就是千变万化的句子结构的雏形。正是这种有限的分句结构雏形及其转化形式，能够衍生出无限的实际使用中的句子。现代英语的基本句型有五种：1．主—动—补(SVC)结构(主系表结构)：在SVC结构中，谓语动词通常是连系动词(linking verb) be的各种形式。 S: subject 主语V: verb 谓语动词C: complement 补语 例句： That car is mine. She is in good health. My brother has become an engineer(工程师). These flowers smell (are) fragrant(芳香的). All the tourists (游客) seemed pleased. 2. 主—动(SV)结构：在SV结构中，谓语动词通常是不及物动词(intransitive verb)。 例句： Iron rusts (生锈). You suck! Everything sucks! Everybody laughed. The guests have arrived. Prices (价格) are going down. The children are sleeping.
3. 主—动—宾(SVO)结构 O: object 宾语 在SVO结构中，谓语动词通常是及物动词(transitive verb)，随后必须跟宾语，带一个宾语的及物动词又叫做“单宾语及物动词”。 例句： I want a return ticket (返程票). Liverpool (利物浦队) 【S】won 【V】the game【O】. Nobody could answer the question. The train is building up speed (加速). The plane (飞机) is losing altitude (降低高度). 4．主—动—宾—宾(SVoO)结构 在SVoO结构中，及物动词之后必须跟两个宾语（间接宾语和直接宾语），这种动词又叫做“双宾语及物动词”。 o: 间接宾语（一般指人）O：直接宾语（一般指物） 例句： I gave you a book. (I gave a book to you) I sent him a telegram (电报). (I sent a telegram to him) Mary lent (出借) me her car. (Mary lent her car to me) David showed (展示，出示，指出) me the way. (David showed the way to/for me.) Someone left you this note (字条，便条). (Someone left this note to you.)
句子的基本结构
精心整理 句子的基本结构 一、句子的基本成分 句子的基本成分有以下几种：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。 1、主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当， Hewonthegame. Helikesplayingcomputer. 1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如： Ilike China.（名词） Hehates you.（代词）
4、表语：用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。一般由名词或形容词担任，置于系动词之后。
Heisastudent. Wearetired. 注意：除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词， 1)表感官的动词:feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。 2)表转变变化的动词:become,get,grow,turn,go等。 3) 5 （2 6 （1 Iamverysorry. （2）表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。Inordertocheerhimup,Itoldhimthetruth. TheyarewritingEnglishintheclassroom. （3）一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、
助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。 Weoftenhelphim. Heisalwayslateforclass. 7、补语：补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。 Hemademesad.（形容词） 8、它可以 1 1）陈述句：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 例如：Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比声传播速度快。（说明事实） Thefilmisratherboring.这部电影很乏味。（说明看法） 2）疑问句：提出问题。有以下四种： a.一般疑问句：Canyoufinishtheworkintime? b.特殊疑问句：Wheredoyoulive?
简单句的五种基本结构
简单句的五种基本结构 众所周知，英语在进行交流时离不开句子，用句子表达时离不开一定的规则：有了一定的规则，我们才能学到规范的英语，才能讲出地道的英语；有了规范化的语句，才能产生新的句子；只有规则系统化、规范化，才有助于语言知识的吸收、掌握和信息的分析、理解。所以，学好初中所学过的简单句的五种基本结构，对于提高自己的听、说、读、写、译能力至关重要。 一、简单句常见的五种基本结构 1.主＋谓 2.主＋系＋表 3.主＋谓＋宾 4.主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾 5.主＋谓＋宾＋宾补 二、对于各个基本结构，初中要求掌握的知识有： 1.主＋谓例如：I went to school at 7：00. 主谓状这一结构中的动词为不及物动词，其后没有宾语。 2.主＋系＋表例如：The food smells delicious. 主系表 1）常见的连系动词： a.be； b.look，sound，smell，taste，feel，seem等；（要用主动表被动） c.become，get，turn，grow，fall等； d.keep，stay等。 2）只能作表语的形容词：alone，asleep， afraid，alive，ill等。 3）look与seem的区别 a.look是“貌似”之意，指凭视觉作出判断； b.seem是“似乎”“好像”之意，表示根据一定线索对某事物作出判断； c.look like不能换为seem like； d.seem可接不定式，且可转换为It seems／seemed that.。。结构，而look不能。 3.主＋谓＋宾 例如：He hopes to fly to the moon. 主谓宾 1）只能用不定式作宾语的常见动词： want，hope，wish，would like，decide，agree，ask， can't wait等； 2）只能用动名词作宾语的常见动词： mind，enjoy，keep，finish，can't help等； 3）既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且有区别的常见动词： a.remember to do.。。记住要做……（还未做） remember doing.。。记得做了……（已做过） b.forget to do.。。忘了做……（还未做） forget doing.。。忘了做过……（已做过） c.stop to do.。。停下来去做…… stop doing.。。停止做…… d.go on to do.。。接下来去做…… go on doing.。。继续做…… e.try to do.。。尽力做…… try doing.。。试着做……（看有无结果） f. mean to do 。。打算做…… mean doing。。意味着…… g. lean to do。。。学着做…… learn doing。。学会了做…… 4）既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且无区别的常见动词：begin，start，like，love， hate等。 4.主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾例如：He gave me a pen. 主谓间宾直宾 1）这种结构也可将间宾放到直宾之后，但间宾前需加介词to（对象）或for（目的）； 例如：They lent the bike to the boy. 主谓直宾间宾 2）需在间宾前加to的常见动词有：give，show，send，bring，pass，lend，tell，teach等； 3）需在间宾前加for的常见动词有：make，buy，do，cook，sing，find等； 4）最好用主＋谓＋直宾＋间宾结构的情况： a.当直接宾语是人称代词时：例如：I'll send it to you.
(简单句)英语学习中的六种基本句型结构及一个练习
英语学习中的六种基本句型结构 简单句：如果句中只有一个主谓结构，而且各个成分都只由单词或短语表示，称为简单句。句型1：主谓结构：Subject (主语) ＋Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，常见的动词：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。 1) Li Ming works very hard. 2) The little girl cried even harder. 3) The accident happened yesterday afternoon. 句型2：主系表结构：Subject (主语) ＋Link. V(系动词) ＋Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类： 1）表示特征和存在状态的be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound This kind of food tastes delicious. 2）表示状态延续的remain, stay, keep, continue, stand 3）表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 句型3：主谓宾结构：Subject(主语) ＋Verb (谓语) ＋Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。 1) He took his bag and left.（名词） 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词) 3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式） 4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句) 句型4：S十V十间接宾语+直接宾语：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语) 这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。 此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成；但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有： （需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等。 （需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。 例如：He brought me a pen.=He brought a pen to me. Mother bought me a book.= Mother bought a book for me 句型5：主谓宾补结构：Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)这种句型中的“宾语＋补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。 1）You should keep the room clean and tidy.（形容词） 2) We made him our monitor.(名词) 3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)
初中英语简单句的九大基本句型
初中英语简单句的九大基本句型 一、简单句的九大基本句型 1. “主语 + 谓语”即“主谓”句型 这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同，说明“某人或某物如何动作”，或者说“某人 或某物自身怎样运动”。 例：They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning. 分析：“他们”主语“到了”谓语动作。 The earth turns around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 The sun rises in the east, and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。 2. “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”即“主谓宾”句型 这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同，用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”，或者 说“某人或某物发出了动作，并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。 例：I study English. 分析：“我”主语“学习”谓语动作“英语”宾语即动作涉及的对象。 I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。 3. “主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”即“主谓双宾”句型 这一句型英汉语序结构相同，说明“某人为谁间接宾语为人做某事”，或者说“某人 或物的运动涉及到两个对象，其中一个间接对象为人，另一个为物”。 例：Our teacher taught us English. 分析：“我们的老师”主语“教”谓语动作“我们”间接宾语“英语”直接宾语。 4. “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”即“主谓宾补”句型 这一句型说明“某人或某物要求使、让某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。 例： He asked her to go there.
英语句子的五种基本结构
英语句子的五种基本结构 The red sun rises in the east. This kind of paper tears easily. A tiger had got out.
该句式中的谓语动词为不及物动词（vi.=intransitive verb）,所以不能接宾语或补语，也没有被动语态，但可以接修饰成分，修饰主语的的---定语，修饰谓语的---状语。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。 练习一画出下列句子的成分。 1. In the last ten years great changes have taken place in my hometown. 2. The girls came, dancing and laughing. 3. At the meeting lots of problems concerning fund came up. 4. In front of the house grows a tall tress with thick leaves and branches. 5. It never occurred to me that he would come to help me. 练习二翻译句子。 1. 我的英语水平提高了很多。 2. 昨晚，那座桥上发生了一起交通事故。 3. 一些孩子正在操场上高兴的玩耍。 4. 会议将在什么时候举行 5. 有多少国家要参加奥运会 二、主谓宾结构 They laughed at the blind man. = The blind man was laughed at by them. They carried out the plan successfully. = The plan was carried out successfully by them. The nurse will take good care of your father. = Your father will be taken good care of by the nurse. 练习一画出下列句子的成分。 1. She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage. 2. I wondered whether to accept or refuse the offer. 3. I suggest that you listen to English programs as often as possible. 4. I appreciate your coming to our party. 5. Now the government pays more attention to the problem of education. 练习二翻译句子。 1. 我喜欢做网页。 2. 他们还未被告知什么时候出发。 3. 我盼望收到你的来信。 4. 我疑惑他为什么要放弃那样的一个好机会。 5. 我没有看到他的工作情况,无法评论他的能力。 三、主谓宾宾结构 They offer us free textbooks. We were offered free textbooks. Free textbooks were offered to us. 练习一分析句子的成分，并用to/for 进行句型转换。 1. I passed him the salt. 2. She cooked us a delicious meal. 3. The new machine will save a lot of labour. 4. She sang a folk song. 5. Her wonderful performance won her a good reputation. 练习二用主谓宾宾结翻译句子。
简单句的五种基本句型
简单句的五种基本句型 只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。简单句有五种基本句型结构： ★主语+谓语(S+V) 谓语是不及物动词，其后可加副词、介词短语等。例如： They sat together quietly. 他们静静地坐在一起。 The meeting begins at nine. 会议9点开始。 ★主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) 谓语是及物动词，宾语通常是名词、代词、动词不定式、V-ing形式等。例如： He doesn’t like the movie. 他不喜欢这部电影。 Do you know them, Li Ming? 李明，你认识他们吗？ ★主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P) 常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, turn, get等，表语通常是形容词、名词、代词等。例如： Your new watch looks very nice. 你的新手表看起来很漂亮。 That sounds a good idea. 听起来是个好主意。 ★主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+InO+DO) 某些动词后的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，如：give, lend, pass, show, send等；某些动词后的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，如：buy, choose, cook, make, sing等。例如：Can you pass me the book? = Can you pass the book to me? 你能把书递给我吗？ She sang us an English song. = She sang an English song for us. 她为我们唱了一首英语歌。★主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC) 这类谓语动词主要有find, keep, feel, wish, think, name, call, ask, advise, teach, want, notice 等。宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态，通常是形容词、名词、动词不定式、介词短语等。例如： He found his new job very interesting. 他发现他的新工作很有趣。 Mr. Li asked us to write a report. 李老师让我们写一份报告。 即时操练 ( ) 2. Can you lend me your dictionary? ( ) 3. Mum is cooking in the kitchen. ( ) 4. Danny made all of us laugh.
简单句的五种基本类型
一、词性的分类 词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。 1 名词noun n. student 学生teacher 老师 2 代词pronoun pron. you 你I我 3 形容词adjective adj. happy 高兴的angry 生气的 4 副词adverb adv. quickly 迅速地slowly 慢速地 5 动词verb v. run 跑like 喜欢 6 数词numeral num. three 三 7 冠词article art. a 一个 8 介词preposition prep. At/in/on 在... 9 连词conjunction conj. and 和 10 感叹词interjection interj. oh 哦 简单句的五种基本句型 请先看下列句子： He has been a teacher for ten years. He teaches in our school. He teaches English. He teaches us English. He teaches us how to learn English better. 以上句子按句型分类, 就是英语中的“简单句的五种基本句型”。其结构为： １．主语+ 连系动词+ 表语 ２．主语+ 不及物动词 ３．主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语 ４．主语+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语 ５．主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语 英语句子千变万化, 都是由这五种基本句型演变、扩展而来。谓语动词是一切句子的核心，它后面所要求的各种成分是由动词的性质所决定的。谓语动词根据其性质分为及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词三大类；及物动词又分为单宾及物动词、双宾及物动词和复宾及物动词三种。简单句的五中基本句型就是由这几种不同类型的动词构成。 一．主语+ 连系动词+ 表语 说明：该句型一般被称为系表结构。由于连系动词所表达的意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，需和表语一起作谓语。连系动词根据其表达的意义可分为以下三种： 1. 表示主语处于某种状态或具备某种性质。这类词常见的有：be (是); look (看起来); feel (摸起来, 觉得); seem (似乎, 好像); smell (闻上去); sound (听起来); taste (尝起来), 等。 2. 表示主语进入某种状态或变得某种性质。这类词常见的有：become (成为,变得); get (逐渐变得); grow (渐渐变得); turn (变成), 等。 3.表示主语保持某种状态或继续具备某种性质。这类词常见的有：keep (保持, 继续); remain (依然, 仍然); stay (停留, 保持下去), 等。例如： 1). It looks much better now. 2). The trees turn green.
简单句的5种结构及9种句子成分
简单句的5种结构及9种句子成分 一、句子的成分 （一）、句子各成分的定义 句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语和独立成分9种. 主语是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。 谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。 宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。 主语和谓语是英语句子的两大成分，除少数句子（如祈使句和感叹句等）外，一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。主语是针对谓语而言的，是一句话的主题，谓语用来说明主语的情况，为主语提供信息。例如：They are working.主语是they(他们)，那么他们在做什么呢看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。在正常情况下，英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致，也就是说主语在前，谓语紧跟其后。 定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。 状语说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等. 补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。 表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。 同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语（appositive）.这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任，同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之后。同位语和补语的区别在于：补语不能缺少，同位语可以缺少。 独立成分，当一个词、短语或从句用在句子里面，与句子的其他成分只有意义上的联系而没有语法关系时，它就称为独立成分。常见的独立成份有呼吁、惊叹语、答语、插入语、介词短语、非谓语动词所构成的短语及形容词、副词所引起的词组等。 （二）、各成分的划分符号 1.主语