CHS Template(5)1
模具零件编码原则
版次 A B C
※※ 修 改 记 录 ※※ 修改内容 首次发行 增加零件编码及图示
新增各款零件规格描述及材质
修改人 吴亮 吴亮 吴亮
修改日期 2006-06-14 2006-08-18 2006-10-20
BY DATE
拟定 INITIATED
审核 CHECKED
批准 APPROVED
※※比亚迪股份有限公司第三事业部机密文件，未经允许不得翻印※※
系统名称 SYSTEM
主 题 SUBJECT
文件编号 DOCUMENT NO.
质量管理体系
模具部模具零件编码规则
1-T-AD-06001
PAGE 2 OF 16 REV C
目的：
规范模具部所有零件编码原则，以便识别及追溯。
2、范围:
第三事业部模具部
3、职责：
3.1 品质科：
3.1.1 模具零件编码原则的制定及执行状况稽核；
Block
长×宽×高
S( )E
S55C
A( )I
8407 HRC52±1
公模镶件
22. Insert for Core
长×宽×高
B( )I
8407 HRC50±1
滑块镶件
23. Insert for Slide
长×宽×高
S( )I
8407 HRC50±1
母模镶针
头部外径×头部厚度
24. Pin for CaviF 16 REV C
规格描述
零件代码
材质
图示
吊环
5.
螺纹规格×吊环直径
LEB
/
Lifting Eye Bolt
拉杆
头部外径×拉杆外径×
awb_tuning_custom_main（附解析笔记）
awb_tuning_custom_main（附解析笔记）*/#include "camera_custom_types.h"#include "camera_custom_nvram.h"#include "awb_feature.h"#include "awb_param.h"#include "awb_tuning_custom.h"using namespace NSIspTuning;//+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ////+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ template <>MBOOLisAWBEnabled<ESensorDev_Main>(){return MTRUE;}//+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ////+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ template <>AWB_PARAM_T const&getAWBParam<ESensorDev_Main>(){static AWB_PARAM_T rAWBParam ={// Chip dependent parameter{512, // i4AWBGainOutputScaleUnit: 1.0x = 5128191, // i4AWBGainOutputUpperLimit: format 4.9 (11 bit)256 // i4RotationMatrixUnit: 1.0x = 256},// AWB Light source probability look-up table (Max: 100; Min: 0) //P1 环境亮度和光源匹配的程度，越匹配，此值越大{AWB_LV_INDEX_NUM, // i4SizeX: horizontal dimensionAWB_LIGHT_NUM, // i4SizeY: vertical dimension// LUT{ // LV0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18{100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100}, // Strobe{100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 66, 33, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}, // Tungsten{100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 66, 33, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}, // Warm fluorescent{100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66}, // Fluorescent{100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 66, 33, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}, // CWF{100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100}, // Daylight{100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 66, 33, 1, 1, 1}, // Shade{100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100,100, 66, 33, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1} // Daylight fluorescent }},// AWB convergence parameter //建议保持默认{10, // i4Speed: Convergence speed: (0 ~ 100) //AWB一帧在current gain和target gain之间收敛的速度（例：一帧收敛10%）225,//225 // i4StableThr: Stable threshold ((currentRgain - targetRgain)^2 + (currentBgain - targetBgain)^2), WB gai n format: 4.9},////////((currentRgain - targetRgain)^2 + (currentBgain - targetBgain)^2)此公式所得计算值与阈值比较，小于此值时AWB收敛完成//////////// AWB daylight locus target offset ratio LUT for tungsten //低色温偏色控制机制（shade类似）{AWB_DAYLIGHT_LOCUS_NEW_OFFSET_INDEX_NUM, // i4Size: LUT dimension{// LUT: use daylight locus new offset (0~10000) as index to get daylight locus target offset ratio (0~100) //根据DP中AWB_TAG_DAY_LOCUS NEW OFFSET T/WF数据获得映射LUT In 行 ;AWB_TAG_DAY_LOCUS_OFFSET_T/WF(根据光源的白点统计出来的值)—TUNG_OFFS值=AWB_TAG_DAY_LOCUS NEW OFFSET T/WF；LUT In后经过一系列计算index映射后得到AWB_TAG_DAY_LOCUS_TARGET_OFFSET_RATIO_T/WF，此值最终决定颜色偏色程度，值↑偏色程度↑// 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500 10000 //LUT In:对应DP中AWB_TAG_DAY_LOCUS NEW OFFSET T/WF 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100 //LUT Out：AWB_TAG_DAY_LOCUS_TARGET_OFFSET_RATIO_S/T/WF的index ratio}},// AWB daylight locus target offset ratio LUT for warm fluorescent //低色温偏色控制机制（shade类似）{AWB_DAYLIGHT_LOCUS_NEW_OFFSET_INDEX_NUM, // i4Size: LUT dimension{// LUT: use daylight locus new offset (0~10000) as index to get daylight locus target offset ratio (0~100)// 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500 10000 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 55, 60, 65, 7 0, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100}},// AWB green offset threshold for warm fluorescent //当AWB_TAG_GREEN_OFFSET_THR_WF<AWB_TAG_GREEN_OFFSET_ _WF 偏绿{ 当AWB_TAG_GREEN_OFFSET_THR_WF>AWB_TAG_GREEN_OFFSET_ _WF 偏紫AWB_DAYLIGHT_LOCUS_OFFSET_INDEX_NUM, // i4Size: LUT dimension{// LUT: use daylight locus offset (0~10000) as index to get green offset threshold// 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 950010000 //i4LUTIn: AWB_TAG_DAY_LOCUS_OFFSET_WF 根据光源的白点落点统计出来的//600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 750, 900, 1050, 12001200, 1200, 1200, 1200, 1200, 1200, 1200, 1200, 1200, 1200, 1200, 1050, 900, 900, 900, 900, 900, 900, 900, 900, 900 //i4LUTout:AW B_TAG_GREEN_OFFSET_THR_WF 根据AWB_TAG_DAY_LOCUS_OFFSET_WF的index得到}},// AWB light source weight LUT for tungsten light //P2 白点落点特征和光源匹配的程度，越匹配，此数值越高;可以根据DP中AWB_TAG_GM_OFFSET_T/WF/S数据获得(由白点落点特性统计的到,包括A/H/D75光源); 映射LUT In行 (Rane o~256）/////////////AWB_TAG_P=AWB_TAG_P0*AWB_TAG_P1*AWB_ TAG_P2/////////////{AWB_TUNGSTEN_MAGENTA_OFFSET_INDEX_NUM, // i4Size: LUT dimension{// LUT: use magenta offset (0~1000) as index to get tungsten weight (x/256)// 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 //i4LUTIn256, 256, 256, 256, 256, 256, 256, 128, 64, 32, 16 //i4LUTout} //例：AWB_TAG_GM_Offset_T=600时即LUT In=600,P2=256匹配程度为100% AWB_TAG_GM_Offset_T=700时即LUT In=700,P2=128匹配程度为50%},// AWB light source weight LUT for warm fluorescent //P2 (Rane o~256）{AWB_WARM_FLUORESCENT_GREEN_OFFSET_INDEX_NUM, // i4Size: LUT dimension{// LUT: use green offset (0~2000) as index to get fluorescent0 weight (x/256)// 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000256, 256, 256, 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 16, 16, 16}},// AWB light source weight LUT for shade light //P2 (Rane o~256）{AWB_SHADE_MAGENTA_OFFSET_INDEX_NUM, // i4MagentaLUTSize: Magenta LUT dimension{// MagentaLUT: use magenta offset (0~1000) as index to get shade light weight (x/256)// 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000256, 256, 128, 56, 28, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16},AWB_SHADE_GREEN_OFFSET_INDEX_NUM, // i4GreenLUTSize: Green LUT dimension{// GreenLUT: use green offset (0~1000) as index to get shade light weight (x/256)// 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000// 256, 256, 256, 256, 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 16, 16256, 256, 128, 64, 32, 32, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16}},// One-shot AWB parameter //建议保持默认{MFALSE,10, // LV 1.0 //环境亮度>LV5时：capture gain结果不会参考preview gain 结果；LV1<环境亮度>LV5时：capture结果会参考preview gain和capture gain混合的结果50 // LV 5.0 //环境亮度<LV1时：capture 结果会直接参考Daylight Default Gain结果//}, //注：ZSD模式，此参数不起作用// AWB gain prediction parameter 属于spatial Predictor(老平台）{// Strobe{0, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_L1: useless0, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_H1: useless105, //100, //90, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_L2135, //130, //120, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_H20, // i4DaylightLocusLvThr_L: useless0 // i4DaylightLocusLvThr_H: useless},// Tungsten{100, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_L1130, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_H1120, //115, //105, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_L2 //小于此LV混spatial Low \ 中间LV为L和H内插（线性插值）160, //155, //145, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_H2 //小于此LV混spatial Hight /50, //i4DaylightLocusLvThr_L \ //AWB_TAG_DAY_LOCUS_TARG ET_OFFSET_RATIO_S/T/WF的index ratio根据LV计算出一个新的ratio,此值为最终的ratio，在PD中无显示；100 // i4DaylightLocusLvThr_H / 例：若AWB_TAG_DAY_LOCUS_TARGET_OFFSET_RATIO_S/T/WF的index ratio是50 当前LV和i4DaylightLocusLvThr_L与i4DaylightLocusLvThr_H之间关系映射得到一个new ratio, new ratio范围50~100之间进行插值，new ratio越大AWB_TAG_DAY_LOCUS_TARGET_OFFSET_S/T/WF值越大},// Warm fluorescent{100, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_L1130, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_H1120, //115, //105, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_L2160, //155, //145, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_H250, // i4DaylightLocusLvThr_L100 // i4DaylightLocusLvThr_H},// Fluorescent{0, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_L1: useless0, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_H1: useless125, //120 ,//110, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_L2165, //160, //150, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_H20, // i4DaylightLocusLvThr_L: useless0 // i4DaylightLocusLvThr_H: useless},// CWF{0, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_L1: useless0, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_H1: useless 115, //110, //100, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_L2 155, //150, //140, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_H2 0, // i4DaylightLocusLvThr_L: useless0 // i4DaylightLocusLvThr_H: useless},// Daylight{0, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_L1: useless0, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_H1: useless 135, //130, //120, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_L2 170, //160, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_H20, // i4DaylightLocusLvThr_L: useless0 // i4DaylightLocusLvThr_H: useless},// Daylight fluorescent{0, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_L1: useless0, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_H1: useless 115, //110, //100, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_L2 155, //150, //140 , // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_H2 0, // i4DaylightLocusLvThr_L: useless0 // i4DaylightLocusLvThr_H: useless},// Shade{100, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_L1130, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_H1115, //110, //100, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_L2145, //140, //130, // i4IntermediateSceneLvThr_H250, // i4DaylightLocusLvThr_L100 // i4DaylightLocusLvThr_H}},// F - subwindow{0,// i4Method1,// i4Mode128,// i4SpeedRight_F192,// i4SpeedLeft_F192,// i4SpeedUpper_F256 // i4SpeedLower_F},// CWF - subwindow{0,// i4Method1, // i4Mode128,// i4SpeedRight_CWF192,// i4SpeedLeft_CWF192,// i4SpeedUpper_CWF256 // i4SpeedLower_CWF}};return (rAWBParam);}//+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ////++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ template <>AWB_STAT_PARAM_T const&getAWBStatParam<ESensorDev_Main>(){// AWB Statistics Parameterstatic AWB_STAT_PARAM_T rAWBStatParam ={// Number of AWB windows120, // Number of horizontal AWB windows90, // Number of vertical AWB windows// Thresholds1, // Low threshold of R \1, // Low threshold of G | 当前像素值<1时，判定为过暗的点1, // Low threshold of B |_ 当前像素值>254时，判定为过亮的点254, // High threshold of R | 统称error pixel254, // High threshold of G |254, // High threshold of B /// Pre-gain maximum limit clipping0xFFF, // Maximum limit clipping for R color0xFFF, // Maximum limit clipping for G color0xFFF, // Maximum limit clipping for B color// AWB error threshold //值↑ 一个block中允许过暗或过亮的pixels越多20, // Programmable threshold for the allowed total over-exposed and under-exposed pixels in one main stat window // AWB error count shift bits0 // Programmable error count shift bits: 0 ~ 7; note: AWBstatistics provide 4-bits error count output only };return (rAWBStatParam);}。
钢结构常用单词
钢结构常用英语单词ABOM预估料单Anchor锚固Anchor bolt锚栓，Chemical anchor bolt 化学锚栓Anchor rod锚杆Angle角钢Axial轴向的Back gouge清根Backing bar/strip背垫衬条（焊接用）Backstay刚性梁Bar棒材Bar code条形码Base plate底板Beam梁Bearing承压的，轴承Bearing bar承载条，serration type锯齿型，plain type直边型Bending弯曲Bent plate折弯板Bevel坡口Beveled/Tapered washer斜垫圈Blasting喷扫Block块，框；Title block标题框Blueprint蓝图Bolt螺栓，Stud bolt 双头螺栓BOM料单Both sides(B.S)二侧Bottom底Box girder箱式板梁Brace斜拉Bracing斜拉（总称）Bracket托架Built-up member组合构件Butt joint对接缝Butt weld对接焊缝Cable tray电缆槽架Cage护笼Camber起拱Cantilevered beam 悬臂梁Cap plate盖帽板Cast in埋入的Casting浇铸件Center of gravity（C.O.G）重心Chain链Chamfer倒角，倒棱Channel槽钢Check-Review-Approval检查-审阅-批准Checker审图员Checkered plate花纹板Chord弦Cladding 建筑物金属外覆盖面Clearance净空、间隙距Cleat隅角板，连接板Clevis U形夹Clip卡子、剪去（动词）Cloud-line云雾线Coat涂层: Primer底漆, undercoat中间漆, top/cover/finish coat 面漆Coating涂料Cold formed冷成形的Color code色卡号Column立柱Component部件Compression member受压构件Complete penetration (CP)全熔透Complete joint penetration(CJP)全熔透Concrete混凝土Connection连接，节点Connection detail节点详图Connection plate/angle连接板/角钢Continuous beam连续梁Continuous weld连续焊缝Cope开锁口，锁口Corrugated sheet波纹板Cotter pin开口销Countersink埋头Cover plate盖板Crane吊车Crane runway girder吊车梁Crane stop吊车止挡Cross/Transverse/Lateral横向的Cross bar横条Cross bracing交叉斜拉Cross section横截面Cut切割，切口；Cut out 开口Datum line基准线Dead load恒负荷Deck甲板Decking 复合混凝土层面中的压型钢板Deflection挠度/曲Deformed bar螺纹钢筋Design drawing设计图Detail详图Diagonal bracing 对角斜拉Diameter直径Dimension尺寸Direction方向Drift pin对孔用的打入销Drill钻孔Drop in/Laid in嵌入的Dowel定位销Edge distance边缘距Elevation立面图，标高Embedment埋件Edge边缘Edge preparation 边缘开坡口End端头End preparation端头开坡口Epoxy环氧Erection安装Erection bolt安装螺栓Erection drawing安装图Erection mark安装标记Expansion bolt膨胀螺栓Fabrication制作Face面Far face (F.F)远的那面Fastener紧固件Faying/contact surface 摩擦/接触面Field现场Field bolt/weld 现场螺栓/焊缝Filler填充板Fillet内角Fillet weld (FW)角焊缝Finish 面漆，精整的表面Fixed固定的Flame火焰Flame cut火焰切割Flange翼缘，法兰Flange plate 翼缘板Flange weld 翼缘焊缝Flat bar 扁钢Floor 层面、地板Flooring层面材料Floor plate层面板Flush平齐的Footing立柱墩Forging锻件Foundation基础Frame框架Full penetration (FP)全熔透Gable缆绳Gage螺栓排中心距Gage line螺栓排中心线Galvanization镀锌；hot dip ∽，electro-∽，mechanical ∽热浸/电/机械镀锌Gantry龙门吊Gap间隙Girder板梁Girt墙面檩条Grade材质Grating格栅Grating panel格栅板Gridline轴线Grillage排栅Grip螺栓夹紧厚度Groove weld坡口焊缝GRP玻璃钢Grout灰浆Gusset plate节点板Hand hole手孔Handrail栏杆Hanger吊杆High-strength bolt高强螺栓Hinger合页Hole孔，洞Hollow structural shape(HSS)中空型钢: CHS, RHS, SHS圆/长方/方管（有缝）Hook吊钩Horizontal水平的Impact test冲击试验Inclined/Raked斜的Item/piece number 件号Jig and fixture胎具Joist托梁Joint接头，接缝Joint preparation开焊接坡口Kickplate/toe plate踢脚板Ladder爬梯Landing梯子平台Laying out放样Layout布置Left左Leg腿，直角边Level标高，水平Load负荷，Dead load恒负荷，Live load动负荷Location位置Longitudinal纵向的Lug板式吊耳，耳片Match mark配合标记Member构件Mill钢厂Milled surface 机加工面Modeling建模Module模块MTO材料估算Near face (N.F)近的那面Neoprene氯丁橡胶Nominal size公称尺寸Nosing踏级防滑条Nut螺母，Lock nut锁紧螺母Opening 开口Orientation方位Packer垫板Paint油漆Painting涂装Panel板块Parallel平行的Partial penetration(PP)部分熔透Penetration hole穿越孔Perpendicular垂直的Pier码头，墩Pile桩Pin销Pipe管Pitch纵向上的螺栓间距Plan平面图Plate板Platform平台Plug堵头Primer底漆Projection投影，突出量Pole杆Position位置Post栏柱Profile型钢，断面Profile sheet压型钢板Purlin屋面檩条Radius半径Rafter人字梁Rail道轨，横杆Ream铰孔，扩孔Reinforced bar 钢筋Rib肋板Right右Rod圆钢Rolled轧制的Roof屋面Roofing屋面材料Round/Circular圆的Rubber橡胶Rust铁锈Sag rod 抗弛杆Scale氧化皮Seal密封，Seal weld密封焊缝Sealant密封剂Section截面，剖视，型钢Self tapping screw自攻螺钉Shackle卸扣Shape型钢，形状Shear剪切Sheet薄板，纸页Sheeting压型钢板Shim垫片Shipping海运Shop车间Shop drawing车间工作图Siding 墙面材料Sketch草图Slab混凝土板Sleeve套筒Slide滑动的Slip-critical joint/Friction grip joint摩擦型连接Slope坡度Slot 槽Smooth光滑的Snug tightened bolt上紧到板紧贴程度的螺栓Snipe剪去Spacing间距Span跨度Splice拼接Square方的，直角的Stair tread梯踏级Stair/staircase楼梯Stanchion柱Stiffener加劲板Stool支墩Stitch weld 跳焊Stringer纵梁Strut支柱Stub column短立柱Stud/Shear connector栓钉Support支架Surface表面Surface preparation表面处理Tack weld点焊Tape胶带Tee steel T型钢Teflon聚四氟乙烯Template样板，模板Tension member受拉构件Threaded rod螺杆Tie系杆Tier层，柱节Top顶T.O.C混凝土顶面T.O.S钢件顶面Truss桁架Trunnion管式吊耳Tube非标管Turnbuckle花兰螺套Underside底面Unit 单位，Metric unit公制单位，Imperial unit英制单位Vertical垂直的View视图Walkway走道Washer垫圈Weld焊接，焊缝Weld access hole过焊孔Weld pass/run焊道Weld reinforcement焊缝余高Weld root焊缝根部，打底焊道Welded焊接的Wire钢丝，铁丝Yield屈服。
readtemplate(readtemplate)_0
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DOCTYPE HTML html head META HTTP EQUIV = Content type content = text / HTML; charset = utf-8 / META NAME = keywords content = qq 邮箱微信微信聊天移动聊天免费发信息发图片语音 Weixin 离线消息微博私信流量 / META NAME = description content = 一款跨平台的通讯工具.支持单人、多人参与.通过手机网络发送语音、图片、视频和文字. / title / title 微信, 最有乐又有爱的语音短信! link rel = Stylesheet type = text / CSS href = /zh cn / _ htmledition / style / weixin307f0c0.css / style type = text / CSS Model _ box on {Line height: 2em; float: left; display: Block; height: 30px; zoom: 1; position: relative; Word Break: Keep All; White space: NOWRAP}; T _ Green color_ {color: # 609700; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans serif; font Weight: Bold; font size: 14px;} T _ color _ title {font Weight: Bold; font size: 14px; Color: # 6a6a6b; display: Inline Block; text Align: Right; width: 125px; margin: 0 10px 0 0;} With more _ _ Box {padding: 20px; line height: 2em;} With more_ _ Box P {margin: 10px 0 0;} A.btn _ symbian3 _ min b {background position: 0 - 927px;} A.btn _ symbian3 _ min B: hover {background position: - - 927px 160px;} / style /1 / 11style script GB2312 charset = src = / zh cn / _ htmledition/ js / all025052.js / script script GB2312 charset = src= / zh cn / _ htmledition / js / qmtool01db49.js / script script GB2312 charset = src = / zh cn / _ htmledition / js / weixinslide0762d7.js / script style Tip _ New {background: URL (/ zh cn / _ htmledition / images / Weixin / BG _ Tip _ noarrow060cda.png) no Repeat - 186px Top; margin Top:5px; margin Left: 0px;} Tip _ ico {background position: - - 225px 5px}; .intro.Title _ H1,.Intro _ P {font Family: 微软雅黑, 黑体, Lucida Grande, Verdana, sans serif;} .intro {font Family: Lucida Grande, Verdana, sans serif;} .func {cursor: default;} .func b {background: URL (/ zh cn / _ htmledition/ images / Weixin / Weixin _ func _ 206a3ea.png) no repeat;} _ Intro.Nearby IMG {position: absolute; Top: 335px; Left: 30px; width: 100%;} _ Intro..nearby H2 {font size: 16px;} _ Intro..nearby H2 _ Intro.Nearby IMG {P} 70px; margin Left: _ Intro # nearbyicon IMG {float: left; width: 70px;} / style head body div class = container div class = Head a href = / cgi bin / readtemplate? 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三星品牌钽电容说明书
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CAMworks 教程CH5
25
中華大學 CAM實驗室
最大切削量 最後一刀 切削量
W IP (W ork in process) 加工後工件模型
1
2
決定NC程式中是 否輸出刀具半徑 補正指令(G4 1 )
尖角切削
非尖角切削 (圓角) 進給切削方向
1
2
勾選殘料選項則刀 具以無刀背角形狀 進行路徑規劃, 則 凹處不進行切削 刀具
34
中華大學 CAM實驗室
範例5-2
學習重點：
車削總承範例2
1. 提取加工特徵。 2. 產生加工計畫。 3. 調整粗加工參數。 4. 調整精加工參數。 5. 設定加工原點。 6. 設定夾頭位置。 7. 產生刀具路徑與車削模擬。 8. 產生與輸出NC碼。 請參照光碟中 turn 2.AVI。
35
中華大學 CAM實驗室
尖角切削
非尖角切削 (圓角)
1 2
進給切削方向 勾選殘料選項則刀 具以無刀背角形狀 進行路徑規劃, 則 凹處不進行切削 刀具 刀背角
工件凹槽形狀
無刀背角 刀具形狀
車床 主軸 (雙主軸)
主要
副主軸
5-6 面精車削工法
圖5.20~圖5.21說明面精車削加工工法對話框的參數說明定義 圖。在此工法參數對話框中分別有子對話框，與前述 5-3中 的粗加工工法相同，請參考前面的圖示說明。
32
中華大學 CAM實驗室
最大切削量 最後一刀 切削量
W IP (W ork in process) 加工後工件模型
1
決定NC程式中是 否輸出刀具半徑 補正指令(G4 1 )
範例5-1
學習重點：
車削總承範例1
1. 提取加工特徵。 2. 產生加工計畫。 3. 調整粗加工參數。 4. 調整精加工參數。 5. 設定加工原點。 6. 設定夾頭位置。 7. 產生刀具路徑與車削模擬。 8. 產生與輸出NC碼。 請參照光碟中 turn 1.AVI。
引物设计原则
GUIDELINES FOR DESIGNING PRIMERSProper primer design is important for applications in PCR, DNA sequencing, and hybridization. Here are some tips to help you design primers, especially using the Oligo program. This is based upon Oligo 4.0; there may be some changescompared to the current version.A. General recommendationsThe ideal primer generally has the following characteristics:1. Melting temperature (T m) between 55 and 65°C (usually corresponds to 45-55%G+C for a 20-mer).2. Absence of dimerization capability.3. Absence of significant hairpin formation (usually >3 bp).4. Lack of secondary priming sites in the template.5. Low specific binding at the 3' end, to avoid mispriming.Usually a 20-24 nt primer works well. Oligo (as well as other programs) will pick decent primers automatically. However, often the “standard” parameters used by such programs don’t work with a given sequence. In such a case, primers need to be picked manually. The following hints should help in this process:B. Melting (and annealing) temperaturesAs mentioned above, a T m of 55-65°C works best in most applications. You may have noted that there are different ways to calculate T m. The nearest neighborthermodynamic calculation is the most accurate (make sure that you are looking at reaction conditions appropriate to your experiment (PCR, sequencing, etc.). Oligo will calculate T m’s for you (from the pull-down menus, select Analyze, thenComposition and T m):For automated sequencing, primers with T m's above 65-70°C can lead to secondary priming artifacts and noisy sequences. Remember, the sequence facility doesn’t tailor the reactions to your specific primer as they use a “generic” annealingtemperature.Remember that you are dealing with TWO primers in PCR. Their T m’s should be within 5°C of each other; the closer the better! If T m’s are mismatched, amplification willbe inefficient: the primer with the higher T m will misprime at lower temperatures, while the primer with the lower T m may not work at higher temperatures. If the T m difference is high, add or subtract bases from a primer. An easy way to see if two primers have similar T m s using Oligo is to use the Analyze>DNA Amplificationcommand in Oligo, which will show the T m s of both primers at the same time. Note that T m is calculated at 50 mM salt, which is standard for PCR. If you were using labelled oligonucleotides for hybridizations in SSPE, you would need to calculate T m differently (the Oligo program can also show a table that adjusts for differences in salt and formamide).The annealing temperature (T a) for a primer pair is generally calculated as 5°C lower than the estimated melting temperature. The optimal temperature for PCR often needs to be determined empirically; ideally, the primers should anneal to thetemplate before the template reanneals to itself. One way you can get into trouble designing primers is if you use AT-rich primers that flank a GC-rich region of DNA in PCR. Oligo will warn you of such problems, as well as suggest an optimalannealing temperature as shown above.A special case in primer design (for PCR) is when you need to add extra bases to aprimer, for example a restriction site. Typically one might design a primer thatcontains 18 nt perfectly matching the template, plus 6-nt representing the restriction site, and then about 2-nt more to assist in the restriction digestion (some enzymes need to "sit" upon a sequence larger than the restriction site itself; see the NewEngland Biolabs catalog for more information). With this type of primer, there are essentially two different T m's. Initially, the 18-nt region matching the template will define the T m. After several rounds of PCR, most template will have incorporated the primer site, so the entire primer length will define the T m. For optimal results, one might consider doing a two-phase PCR program, shifting the T m up by a few degrees after 5-10 cycles, however this may not really be necessary; considerdoing this if the amplification appears to be working poorly.One way to start off with primers of similar T m s is to use the Tm and ∆G windows in Oligo as a guide to select candidate primers. The scale at left indicates the ∆G of hybridization (this can be toggled to T m if you wish), based on the size of the primer currently selected (press “L” to see that size) It is easy to see that the T m of the left (upper) primer is going to be higher than that of the lower primer. Either the lower primer should be fitted to another region, or made longer.C. SpecificityApart from T m, a prime consideration in designing primers is ensuring that the likelihood of annealing to sequences other than the chosen target is very low. This can occur if the same sequence is present in the template DNA more than once, or when a primer is poorly designed.To avoid mispriming, primers should not be very “sticky” on their 3’ ends. A "sticky" 3' end would be one with a high G/C content (high T m). Either the middle of the primer or the 5’ end should be "stickier". The display in Oligo makes it easy to pick primers with good specificity, by using the “Internal Stability” window at the bottom of the screen or the Analyze>Internal Stability command (both are shown below). For example, the following primer (5’-CAGTAACAGA TACGGGCA) would show poor specificity since its 3’ end is GC rich relative to the rest of the primer. NOTE that the issue is the 3’ end region, not just the 3’ base!!BAD!!! BAD!!!In contrast, the following profiles are “good” for specificity (shown 5’—>3’), since the 3’ end is lower (in this ∆G plot) than the 5’ end or middle of the primers:Now what about the profile shown below?This would appear to give good specificity, based on the rules mentioned above.However, in practice this would be a difficult primer to use since at it’s T m the 3’ end would anneal poorly to the template (remember that T m is the 50% point in a melting curve). This brings up the “rule of extremes” in primer design:Avoid primers with long polyG or polyC stretches that can promote non-specificannealing.Avoid polyA and polyT as these will “breath” and open the primer-template complex.Avoid polypyrimidine (T, C) and polypurine (A, G) stretches, which may lead to an odd shape of the double helix.Ideally the primer will have a near random mix of nucleotides.D. What about having a “GC clamp” at the 3’ end?A "G" or "C" is desirable at the 3' end of primers since this will reduce “breathing” andthereby increase yield. However, Gs or Cs should not be added if they adversely influence the overall specificity of the primer!E. Primer-Primer interactionsWhen designing primers, it is important to have a minimum of intramolecular or intermolecular homology. This would result in either hairpins or primer dimerization.If a primer has a region of self-homology, “snap back” or partially double-strandedstructures can occur which will interfere with annealing to the template. Usually intraprimer homologies of 3 bp or more should be avoided. The resulting hairpins are readily detected in Oligo using the Analyze>Duplex (or Hairpin) command, for example:Primers should also not contain sequences of nucleotides that would allow one primer molecule to anneal to another molecule of itself, or to the other primer (if being used in PCR). Such interactions can also readily detected in Oligo using theAnalyze>Duplex command (remember to check both the individual primer andupper/lower primer combinations). Also, remember that primer-primer interactions are stronger at lower temperatures; a small degree of complementarity becomes less significant as reaction temperatures increase (in other words, something that is OK with an annealing temperature of 60C may work poorly at an annealingtemperature of 50C).The worst situation is when the 3’ ends of the primer(s) anneal; this leads to “primer-dimer” formation:Internal intermolecular interactions should also be minimized. Oligo provides a ∆G value for such complexes. Ideally, the smallest ∆G, the better but try to avoidprimers annealing with ∆G values of –7 kcal/mol or higher. Having acomplementary TA sequence at the 3' ends of primers usually doesn't causeproblems since it is not very stable, however a complementary GC region cancause problems at T m's below 65C. The primer shown below has a T m of only50°C, so the 3’ GC homology (∆G=-3.1 kcal/mole) might be a problem; if the T mwas more like 60°C, then the primer would probably be OK.Here are other examples of interacting primers. The following are OK, but not great:∆G=-5 kcal/mole, OK but not great. ∆G=-9.3 kcal/mole, pretty bad!!The next is real nice! ∆G=-1.6 kcal/mole, good!!。
PrimeSTAR HS DNA 聚合酶使用说明书
Cat. #R044AProduct ManualPrimeSTAR® HS DNA Polymerasewith GC BufferFor Research Usev201908DaTable of ContentsI. Description (3)II. Components (3)III. Storage (3)IV. General PCR Reaction Mixture (3)V. PCR Conditions (4)VI. Optimization of Parameters (5)VII. Fidelity (6)VIII. Amplification Examples (7)IX. Electrophoresis, Cloning, and Sequencing of Amplified Products .10 X. Troubleshooting (11)XI. Related Products (12)I．DescriptionPrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase is a unique high fidelity DNA polymerase that additionally offers high amplification efficiency for PCR amplification. PrimeSTAR HS possesses a robust 3’ →5’ exonuclease activity, resulting in superior proofreading activity and a low error rate. It also has high amplification efficiency (superior to that of Taq DNA polymerase). Furthermore, presence of a monoclonal antibody in the reaction mixture suppresses both the DNA polymerase and 3’ →5’ exonuclease activities prior to the first denaturing step, preventing false initiation events during reaction assembly due to mispriming and primer digestion. Finally, PrimeSTAR’s high priming efficiency makes it possible to shorten reaction times by reducing the length of the annealing step.PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase with GC Buffer was developed for accurate amplification of GCrich targets. With PrimeSTAR GC Buffer, amplifications exhibit both the high fidelity and high amplification efficiency expected from PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase, and additionally yield excellent results in high-specificity applications such as amplification of GC rich DNA templates.II．Components (for 200 reactions)PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase (2.5 U/μl) 100 μl2X PrimeSTAR GC Buffer (Mg2+ plus)＊ 1.7 ml x 3dNTP Mixture (2.5 mM each) 800 μl＊Mg2+ concentration is 2 mM (2X)III．Storage- 20℃IV．General PCR Reaction Mixture (50 μl volume)Reagent Volume/Amount Final Conc.2X PrimeSTAR GC Buffer (Mg2+ plus) 25 μl1XdNTP Mixture (2.5 mM each) 4 μl200 μM eachPrimer 110 - 15 pmol0.2 - 0.3 μMPrimer 210 - 15 pmol0.2 - 0.3 μMTemplate DNA＜200 ngPrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase (2.5 U/μl)0.5 μl 1.25 U/50 μlSterile purified water up to 50 μl＊ T he PCR reaction mixture can be prepared at room temperature. However, theenzyme and other reagents should be kept on ice during operation.V．PCR ConditionsThis kit is designed to perform amplification of GC rich target DNA.Typically, best results are obtained using a 2-step PCR protocol. However, if thisprotocol does not yield sufficient product in quality and quantity, the 3-step PCRprotocol is recommended. Also, refer to the following sections : VI. Optimization ofParameters and X. Troubleshooting.(A) 2-Step PCR Protocol98℃68℃10 sec1 min/kb30 cycles(B) 3-Step PCR Protocol98℃60℃72℃10 sec5 sec1 min/kb30 cyclesNote:The PrimeSTAR HS has extremely high priming efficiency.Therefore, when using the 3-step PCR Protocol, the annealing time should be set at only 5 sec. Longer annealing times can result in increased background.VI．Optimization of ParametersPrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase with GC Buffer is designed to perform amplification ofGC rich targets, while exhibiting both the high accuracy and efficiency characteristicof PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase. Optimization of parameters in PCR condition maybe required to generate maximum performance.(1) For best results, use of 1.25 U of enzyme per 50 μl reaction mixture is recommended.However, depending upon the size of the amplified fragment and the purity andamount of template used, the amount of enzyme may need to be modified. Forexample, if smearing or non-specific banding is observed, results may be improvedby reducing the amount of enzyme to ～0.625 U/50 μl.(2) Template DNARecommended template DNA amounts (assuming a 50 μl reaction)Human genomic DNA : 5 - 200 ngE. coli genomic DNA :100 pg- 100 ngcDNA : 1 - 200 ngλDNA :10 pg- 10 ngPlasmid DNA :10 pg- 1 ngNote :Avoid using excess amounts of template DNA. The efficiency of reactioncan be decrease, particularly when more than 200 ng of template is used.DNA, which contain uracil, cannot be used as a template.(3) dNTP and Mg2+ concentration:Because dNTPs have a chelative effect, higher dNTP concentrations lower theeffective Mg2+concentration of the reaction mixture. The supplied 2X PrimeSTARGC Buffer provides final concentration of 1 mM Mg2+ in the reaction mix, that hasbeen optimized for use with a 200 μM each dNTP concentration. Avoid modifyingthe dNTP concentration in the reaction mix.Furthermore, substitution of dTTP with dUTP in a PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerasereaction mix is also not recommended as amplification efficiency will be loweredsignificantly.(4) Primer and PCR conditionsCommercially available primer design software, such as OLIGO Primer AnalysisSoftware (Molecular Biology Insights), is recommended for determining appropriateprimer sequences. For general amplification reactions, 20 - 25 mer primers shouldyield satisfactory results.Avoid the use of primers that contain inosine with PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase.However, it is possible to use degenerate primers with this enzyme.＊ Amplification with PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase with GCBuffer results in only 25 errors out of a total 304,110 bases.Comparison of Enzyme FidelityPrimeSTAR HS PrimeSTAR HSwith GC BufferPfu Taqm u t a t i o n f r e q u e n c y (%)VII．FidelityAfter PCR amplification of eight randomly selected regions (each about 500 bp in length) of GC rich Thermus thermophilus HB8 genomic DNA, PCR products were cloned into a vector. Multiple clones were selected for each product and sequenced, and the mutation frequency was determined.In this assay, the fidelity of PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase with GC Buffer was higher than that of Pfu DNA Polymerase, and was similar to those with PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase (PrimeSTAR Buffer used).Sequence analysis is the most accurate method for obtaining enzyme fidelity comparisons relevant to the most commonly-used applications. These resultsdemonstrate that PrimeSTAR HS with GC Buffer is a reliable polymerase especially for high fidelity reaction.PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase with GC Buffer provides excellent amplification of GC rich targets in comparison to the other enzymes.Template:1 : Tth HB8 genomic DNA 100 pg2 : Tth HB8 genomic DNA 1 ng3 : Tth HB8 genomic DNA 10 ng M : λ-Hin d III digest← 3005 bpTaq DNApol.PrimeSTAR HSPrimeSTAR HS with GC buffer 3 step 3 step 2 step 2 step M 123M 123M M123M 123M1233 step [ Tth HB8 3005 bp ]Template:1 : Human genomic DNA 1 ng2 : Human genomic DNA 10 ng3 : Human genomic DNA 100 ng M : 100 bp DNA Ladder← 520 bpTaq DNA pol.PrimeSTAR HS PrimeSTAR HS with GC buffer3 step 3 step 2 step2 step M 123M123M 123M 123M [ Human APOE gene 520 bp ]VIII．Amplification ExamplesResult 1 :The reactivity of Taq DNA Polymerase, PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase, and PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase with GC Buffer were compared for amplification of HumanAPOE gene (520 bp; 74.8% GC) and a region of Tth HB8 (3005 bp; 73.2% GC) as targets. The reaction mixture and PCR conditions were according to the recommended protocol of each product.[ Human APOE gene 746 bp ][ Human TGF β1 gene 2005 bp ]Result 2 :The reactivity of the GC rich high fidelity enzymes of Company A, Company B, and Company C were compared with PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase with GC Buffer for amplification of Human APOE (746 bp; 73.9% GC), TGF β1 (2005 bp; 68.8% GC), and regions of Tth HB8 (3005 bp, 73.2% GC, and 5030 bp, 71.2% GC) as targets. Each enzyme was reacted at the recommended reaction mixture and PCR conditions.Template:1 : Human genomic DNA 1 ng2 : Human genomic DNA 10 ng3 : Human genomic DNA 100 ngM : 100 bp DNA LadderTemplate:1 : Human genomic DNA 1 ng2 : Human genomic DNA 10 ng3 : Human genomic DNA 100 ngM：λ-Hin d III digest746 bp →M M1Company A PrimeSTAR HS with GC buffer 23M M M 123123123Company B Company C2005 bp →M 123M1PrimeSTAR HS with GC buffer 23M 123M 123M Company A Company B Company C[ Tth HB8 3005 bp and 5030 bp ]The results show that PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase with GC Buffer providesexcellent amplification efficiency with higher specificity than other supplier's GC-rich high fidelity enzymes.Template:1：Tth HB8 genomic DNA 100 pg 2：Tth HB8 genomic DNA 1 ng 3：Tth HB8 genomic DNA 10 ng M：λ-Hin d III digestTemplate:1：Tth HB8 genomic DNA 100 pg 2：Tth HB8 genomic DNA 1 ng 3：Tth HB8 genomic DNA 10 ng M：λ-Hin d III digestCompany C 5030 bp →M 123M1PrimeSTAR HS with GC buffer 23M 123M 123M Company ACompany B3005 bp →PrimeSTAR HS with GC buffer3 step 2 step M 123M 123M M 123M 123M123Company C Company A Company BIX．Electrophoresis, Cloning, and Sequencing of Amplified Products(1) Electrophoresis of amplified productsTAE Buffer is recommended for agarose gel electrophoresis of amplified productsthat are obtained using PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase with GC Buffer. Use of TBEBuffer may result in DNA banding patterns which become broad at the gel bottom.(2) CloningMost products amplified with PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase with GC Buffer haveblunt-end termini. They (if necessary, phosphorylate before cloning) can be cloneddirectly into blunt-ended vectors. The Mighty Cloning Reagent Set (Blunt End) (Cat.#6027) is recommended for cloning into blunt-ended vectors.(3) Restriction Enzyme DigestionPrior to performing restriction enzyme digestion of the PCR products with PrimeSTARHS DNA Polymerasewith GC Buffer all traces of the polymerase should be removed by phenol/chloroformextraction. In particular, the removal of the polymerase is important to digest withenzymes arising 3’ -protruding cleavage sites, such as Pst I as residual PrimeSTARHS DNA Polymerase 3’ →5’ exonuclease result in deletion of 3’-protruding region.(4) Direct sequencingPhenol/chloroform extraction of PCR products prior to direct sequencing isrecommended to ensure inactivation of PrimeSTAR’s 3’ →5’ exonuclease activity.[ Tth HB8 5030 bp ]1.25 U/50 μl0.625 U/50 μl M 123M M123X．Troubleshooting Problem : No or poor amplification.(1) Purity and amount of template DNA ⇒Use proper amount of template DNA. ⇒Increase purity of DNA. (2) Annealing/extension temperature ⇒Lower temperature in decrements of 2℃.⇒Perform using 3-step PCR method.(3) Concentration of Primer ⇒Test the final primer concentration in a range of 0.2 - 0.5 μM.(4) Annealing time ⇒Set the annealing time for 3-step PCR for 15 sec.Problem: Extra or smearing bands.(1) Enzyme amount ⇒Decrease enzyme concentration to ～0.625 U/50 μl reaction.(2) Amount of template DNA ⇒Use an appropriate amount of template DNA. Avoid excessive amounts of template DNA. (3) Annealing/extension temperature ⇒Raise the temperature in increments of 2℃(4) Primer Concentration ⇒Test the final concentration in the range of 0.2 - 0.3 μM.(5) Cycle Number ⇒Set at 25 - 30 cyclesNOTE : This product is for research use only. It is not intended for use in therapeutic or diagnostic procedures for humans or animals. Also, do not use this product as food, cosmetic, or household item, etc.Takara products may not be resold or transferred, modified for resale or transfer, or used to manufacture commercial products without written approval from Takara Bio Inc.If you require licenses for other use, please contact us by phone at +81 77 565 6972 or from our website at .Your use of this product is also subject to compliance with any applicable licensing requirements described on the product web page. It is your responsibility to review, understand and adhere to any restrictions imposed by such statements.All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Certain trademarks may not be registered in all jurisdictions.XI．Related Products PrimeSTAR® HS DNA Polymerase (Cat. #R010A/B)PrimeSTAR® HS Premix (Cat. #R040A) PrimeSTAR® Max DNA Polymerase (Cat. #R045A/B）PrimeSTAR® GXL DNA Polymerase (Cat. #R050A/B）Mighty Cloning Reagent Set (Blunt End) (Cat. #6027) PrimeSTAR is a registered trademark of Takara Bio Inc.。
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