情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词和虚拟语气
情态动词和虚拟语气

一、情态动词

1. 情态动词的用法概述

情态动词由非推测性用法和推测性用法

can/could表示“能力”、“许可”

may/might表示“许可”

will/would表示“意志”

should/ought to表示“义务”

must表示“推测”;表示“必然”

不确定性→确定性

might → may → could → can → should → ought to → would → will →

must

need表示“需要、必要”

shall表示“意愿、建议”

dare表示“敢”

used to表示“过去常常或过去曾”

2. 情态动词的具体用法

#can(能,可能)的用法:过去式could;否定缩略式can’t/couldn’t

(1)表示能力。

e.g: Can you speak Chinese? 你会说汉语吗?

(2)表示允许或许可,请求或要求。

e.g: You can’t park here. 你不能在这停车。

e.g: Can you help me with this question? 你能帮我解决一下这个问题吗?

(3)表逻辑上的客观可能性。

e.g: We can travel to Beijing by air. 我们可以乘飞机去北京。

(4)表推测(用于疑问句、否定句中);could还可以在肯定句中表示不太确定的推测。

e.g: It couldn’t be Tom. He has gone to Shanghai. 不可能是汤姆,他已经去上海了。

e.g: He could be on his way now. 他可能已经在路上了。

(5)用于提出建议。

e.g: We can go swimming. 我们可以去游泳。

(6)表示惊异、怀疑、疑惑、不相信的态度。(常用于否定句、疑问句。)

e.g: I can’t believe it. 我简直不能相信。

e.g: How can you treat me like that? 你怎么能那样对待我?

(7)表示“有时”。

e.g: It can be quite cold here at night. 有时晚上这里很冷。

u must(必须,肯定)/have(got) to(必须)的用法:否定缩略式mustn’t

(1)表义务或必要性;表示没有义务或必要时,用needn’t或don’t have to。

e.g: We must keep our words. 我们必须遵守诺言。

e.g: You needn’t/don’t have to do it right now. 你不必现在就做。

(2)在否定句中表禁止,不允许,与can’t语意相近,但语气更强。

e.g: You mustn’t talk to your mother like that.你绝不能跟你的妈妈那样说话。

(3)表很有把握的逻辑推测(疑问句、否定句中用can’t)。

e.g: You must be tired after your long walk. 走了那么远的路,你肯定累了。

e.g: You must be Mr. Green. 你肯定是格林先生了。

(4)(why) must you...? 用于当某人的行为打扰了你,常意为“(为什么)你非要……”。

e.g: (Why) must you always smoke in the office? (为什么)你非得在办公室抽烟?

(5)if you must (do something) 用于告诉对方可以做某事,但你并不赞同;if you must know用于回答对方提出的一个你认为并不应该问的问题。

e.g: If you must smoke, please go outside. 如果你非抽烟不可,请到外边去。

e.g: Well, if you must know, I’m thirty-six. 如果你非得知道的话,我36岁了。

(6)must强调主观意志;have to强调客观需要。

e.g: I have to be at the hospital at 4 o’clock. 我必须4点到医院。

e.g: We must be patient. 我们必须耐心点。

u may(可以,可能)的用法:过去式might;否定缩略式mayn’t/mightn’t

(1)表示允许、许可、请求(语意同can),有时可用might替代may,语气更委婉。

e.g: May I come in? 我能进去吗?

(2)表示可能、推测,might 比may 语气更弱,更不确定,在疑问句和否定句中常用can 替代。

注意:may not意为“可能不”。

e.g: I may be late, so don’t wait for me. 我可能要迟到,所以别等我了。

(3)用于祈使句中表示祝愿。

e.g: Long may you live. 祝你长寿。

(4)may/might as well:与had better同义,常意为“最好;还不如”,

两者都表示建议,但语气上may/might as well比had better委婉。

e.g: If there’s nothing more to do, we may as well go to bed.

如果没有其他事,我们最好睡觉。

need(需要)与dare(敢)的用法:否定缩略式needn’t/daren’t

(1)need和dare既可以作情态动词又可作实义动词;作情态动词时主要用于否定句和疑问句

e.g: Need we leave so soon? 我们有必要这么快离开吗?

e.g: Dare you admit this? 你敢承认吗?

(2)作实义动词时,存在时态和人称的变化,并且need后的动词不定式必须带to,dare后的不定式可带可省。

e.g: He really needs a vacation. 他的确需要休个假。

e.g: You don’t need to her. 你不必帮她。

e.g: He didn’t dare (to) say that. 他不敢那么说。

#shall(将,会)的用法:过去式should;否定缩略式shan’t/shouldn’t

(1)用于第一人称,表示建议或征求对方的意见

e.g: Shall we meet there at 6? 我们六点在那儿见,好吗?

(2)用于第二三人称陈述句中,强调说话人的用意,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等

e.g: You shall be punished for what you’ve done. 你的所作所为一定会受到惩罚。

(3)用在条约、规定、法令等正式文件中表示义务、命令或规定,一般为第三人称,意为“应,必须”

e.g: All payments shall be made in cash. 所有支付均应使用现金。

(4)用于第一人称,表示意图、决心

e.g: I shall never do that again. 我决不会再做那种事。

u should/ought to(应该,按道理说)的用法:否定缩略式shouldn’t/oughtn’t to

(1)表示义务、命令、劝告、建议等,两者一般可以通用。

注意:ought to的否定形式在to前加not,疑问形式把ought提前。

e.g: You should do something for your aged parents. 你应该为年迈的父母做点事。

e.g: You ought not to tell her the truth. 你不应该告诉她真相。

(2)表示推测、期望。在表示对过去情况的推测时用“should+ have+过去分词”结构。

e.g: It should be a nice day tomorrow. 明天的天气应该不错。

#will(会)的用法:过去式would;否定缩略式won’t/wouldn’t

(1)表示单纯的将来时。

e.g: We won’t be late. 我们不会迟到。

(2)表示意愿或意志;would like意义与want相近。

e.g: I will never talk to him again. 我再也不会和他说话了。

(3)表示请求,提议或邀请;would更委婉。

e.g: Will/Would you please call me later?一会给我打电话,好吗?

(4)表示习惯性或规律性的行为或动作;would表示过去的习惯性行为或动作。

e.g: He used to get up early. 过去他总是早起。(如果现在还保持着过去早起的习惯就应该用would。)

(5)可能性(同can)。

e.g: This car will hold five people. 这辆车能乘五个人。

(6)would rather意为“宁愿”,否定形式是would rather not+动词原形。

e.g: I’d rather stay here than go there. 我宁愿待在这里,也不愿回家。

#“情态动词+have+过去分词”结构的常考用法

(1)“must+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测。(肯定句中)

e.g: You must have worked here for a long time. 你肯定在这儿工作很久了吧。

(2)“can/could+have+过去分词”在否定句、疑问句中表示对过去情况的推测;在肯定句中(一般用could)表示对过去事实相反的可能性评价,意为本能做某事,但没做。

e.g: He can’t have left -his computer is still on.

他不可能离开了,他的电脑还开着呢。

e.g: I could have warned you. 我本可以警告你的。

(3)“should/ought+have+过去分词”表示对过去事实相反的可能性推测或评价,意为本应该做某事,但没做,或某事本该发生,但没有发生。

e.g: It was an easy test and he should have passed.

测验很简单,他本应该通过的。

e.g: You should/ought to have come to my party last night.

你昨晚本应该来参加晚会的。

(5)“may/might+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测与评价或表示对过去情况相反的可能性推测,意为本可能做(发生)某事,但没做;还可表示与should

have done相同的意义。

e.g: He might have finished.他可能已经完成。

e.g: It was so dangerous that we might have been killed.

我们可能已经被害。(事实上并未被害)

e.g: They might have cleaned up before they left. 离开前,他们本应该清理干净。

(6)“need +have+过去分词”的否定形式更为常见,表示本不必做某事,但做了。

e.g: Nothing happened at all. I needn’t have worried.

什么事都没发生,我本不必担心的。

二、虚拟语气

2. 非真实条件句中虚拟语气的特殊形式

(1)条件句倒装:省略从句中的if,把助动词放在主语前。

e.g: Were you in the position, you would do the same. = If you

were in the position, you would do the same.

如果你处在这样的情况,你也会这么做的。

(2)条件含蓄:用介词(without/but

for)、分词短语(given)、连词(or/otherwise)等表示条件。

e.g: Given more time, I could have done much better. =If I was

given more time, I could have done much better.

如果再给我点时间,我能做得更好。

(3)时间错综:条件句与主句所表示的时间不一致

e.g: If you had taken my advice, you would feel better now.

(从句针对过去,主句针对现在)

如果你当初听了我的建议,你现在感觉会好得多。

3. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用

(1)I wish…/If only…中:用一般过去时或过去完成时表示与现在或过去相反的或不太可能实现的愿望。

e.g: I wish I had taken your advice. 我希望我当时听从了你的建议。

e.g: If only I were ten years older. 要是我再大十岁就好了。

(2)在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等含义的动词后面的宾语从句中:谓语动词要用虚拟语气,形式是:“should+动词原形”(should可以省略);常用的动词有:一个坚持(insist)、两个命令(order,demand)、三个建议(suggest,advise,propose)、四项要求(demand,require,request,ask)。

e.g: He insisted that the conference (should) be put off until

the next week. 他坚持把会议推迟到下周。

上述动词的名词(suggestion,advice, proposal,request,

idea,etc.)在that引导的同位语从句和表语从句中的谓语动词也要用虚拟语气,即:“should+动词原形”(should可以省略)

e.g: My suggestion is that we should tell him the truth.

我的建议是我们应该告诉他真相。

注意:在这些动词的宾语从句中是否使用虚拟语气,取决于动词的词义和句子所表达的意义,只有在句子的意思是说明事情尚未做或应该去做时,才使用虚拟语气,试比较右例中的insist 和suggest的不同意义

(3)用于that引导的主语从句中,从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”(should可以省略),主要句型有:

①It is+形容词(important,necessary,natural,strange etc.)+主语从句;

e.g: It is necessary that you (should) learn some basic skills of

computers first.

你很有必要先学习一些基础的电脑知识。

②It is+名词(a pity,a shame,no wonder,etc.) +主语从句;

e.g: It is a pity that he (should) fail in the exam. 很遗憾他没有通过考试。

③It is +

动词的过去分词(suggested,desired,ordered,required,proposed,etc.)

+主语从句

e.g: It is requested that all the students (should) wear school uniforms. 所有的学生被要求穿校服。

4. 虚拟语气在其他句型中的应用

(1)在“It’s (high/about) time

(that)...”句式中:从句动词用过去式表达一种委婉的语气,意为“该做某事了”。

e.g: It’s high time that you got serious about learning English.

你是时候认真对待英语学习了。

(2)…as if/ though…中:表示虚拟的假设,意为“就好像……一样”。

e.g: Gary talks as if/though he knew her well, but the truth is

he doesn’t know her at all.

加里说起来好像很了解她,事实上他根本就不认识她。

(3)would

rather…(宁愿)中:用一般过去时或过去完成时表示与现在或过去相反的或不太可能实现的愿望或表示一种委婉的语气。

e.g: I would rather she came tomorrow. 我宁愿她明天来。

情态动词与虚拟语气

情态动词与虚拟语气 【语法要点】 情态动词 所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义,可以表达某种感情和说话的语气,但是它不可以单独使用 作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法,特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理,更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理,编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。 一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有:must、can、could、may、might、ought to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有:need、dare 3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有:shall、should、will、would 二、情态动词的特征 1.表示说话人的情感态度,不能单独作谓语,与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。 3.具有助动词的特征:可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。 三、情态动词的用法 1.表示能力 (1)表示现在的能力,用can 或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can,表示“经过努力成功 的做成某事”用be able to。 (2)表示过去的能力,用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。 (3)表示将来的能力,用will be able to。 2.表示推测、可能性 (1)can 用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性,而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。 例如:Accidents can happy on such rainy days. (2)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词,其表示可能性的层次如下表: 情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式 must 必定、必然、一定 will 很可能、大概不会、不该会,,吗? would 可能性较will 小不会、不该(较won’t 弱)会,,吗?(较will 弱) should 应该会、理应(表示合乎理想的情况或结果) ought to 与should 同义 can 一定不会、不可能(否定推测)有可能吗? could 可疑的可能不可能(与can’t 同义)有可能吗?(较can 弱)may 或许、可能、说不定可能不 might 或许、可能(较may 弱)可能不(较may not 弱) 注意→(1)may,must 常用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句和疑问句。 (2)can 常用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could 既可用于肯定句,又可用于否定句、疑问句中。

情态动词虚拟语气练习及答案

@ 情态动词和虚拟语气 1. Jack descried his father, who ________a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-wiled man A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been ) 2. —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. —Ah, good morning. You _______ be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can recommend parents _______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. ~ A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow 4. You_______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 5. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry. You________ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_w w. k#s 6. I have told you the truth I keep repeating it A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will ~ 7. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may 8. Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon. A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. will not 9. I’m afraid Mr. Harding ________ see you now. He’s busy. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 10. I _______ have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t < 11. –May I take this book out of the reading room –No, you . You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 12. —Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. — Oh, you _________ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't 13. — _______ I take the book out —I'm afraid not. *

2018年高考英语真题分类汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 含答案

专题六情态动词和虚拟语气 1.【2015·北京】29.—Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone. A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:句意:——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了,我必须得走了.我女儿一个人在家.A. may可能,可以,也许;B. can能,会;C. must必须,必然要,必定会;D. dare敢,胆敢.结合句意,故选C. 【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析 【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词,这里考查的是语气的强度,在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思,所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境. 2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:句意:如果不是我亲眼看到,我不会相信.根据后半句wouldn’t have believed 可以判断是对过去的虚拟.所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式.故选D. 【考点定位】虚拟语气 【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气. 3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A.d idn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:句意:没有他战时的经验,海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器.根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历,可知表示对于过去的否定猜测,故主句

情态动词与虚拟语气

一.情态动词 1.---Could I borrow your dictionary? ----Yes,of course you_____. A.might B. will C. can D. should 2.---Shall we go skating or stay at home? ----Which _____do yourself? A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather 3.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack ___be here at any moment. A. must B need C should D can 4.A computer __think for itself ,it must be told what to do. A. can’t B couldn’t C may not D might 5. Johnny,you ___play with the knife.You ___hurt yourself. A.won’t ;can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t 6.—Shall I tell John about it? -----No,you _____.I’ve told him already. A. needn’t B.wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 7.---Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. ----______. A.I don’t B.I won’t C.I can’t D.I haven’t 8.He ____you more help,even though he was busy. A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give 9.----There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. ---It ___a comfortbable journey. A.can’t be B.shouldn’t be C.mustn’t have been D.couldn’t have been 10.I told Sally how to get there ,but perhaps I ___for her. A.had to write it out B.must to have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out 11.---When can I come for photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They ___be ready by 12:00. A.can B. should C might D need 12.---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ----Oh,did you?You ____with Barbara. A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed 13.-----Alice, you feed the bird today.____? -----But I fed it yesterday. A.do you B.will you C.didn’t you D.don’t you 14.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____get out. A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could

情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词的用法要点 一、表能力 Can Am/is/are able to 表现在的能力 Will be able to 表将来的能力 could Was/were able to 表过去得能力 Could have+过去分词:表示过去有能力做但未做 二、表推测(可能性) 1.可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的(理论的)可能性即并不涉及 具体某事是否会发生,此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can可用于肯定句中表示客观的(理论的)可能性,而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时,can一般不用于肯定句。 Accidents can happen on such rainy days. We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet. 2.表示具体事情实际发生的可能性: (2)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时,may, must 常用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句和疑问句(may not 表示“可能不”);can常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思;could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、疑问句中。 This can’t/ couldn’t be done by him. This may not be done by him. He could be on his way home now. Can this be done by him? Mr Mush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep. ---Are you coming to Jeff’party? ---I’m not sure. I might go to the concert instead. (3) would, could, should, might 并不一定与过去时间有关,而表示可能性弱于它们相应的现在时形式。 This may/ might be done by him. (4)should 表推测时,表示确定或可能有的未来或期望,即合乎理想的情况或结果 He ought to/ should be here on time---he started early enough. We should arrive before dark. The roads should be less crowded today. 三、表示请求、允许、允诺 1.当对方是决策者时,你代表你(们)自己(I, we),或代表第三者(he she they)向对方(you)请示或提 出建议时用:

2018年专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词 章振邦语法书页数标注

Subjunctive mood (P122, p. 129. P 143 动词过去完成体P181-190, 395)条件句 14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The past tense in the sentence refers to a __B___. (p128) 2017 A. past event for exact time reference B. present event for tentativeness C. present event for uncertainty D. past event for politeness V. in specific contexts, the simple past can also denote the present or the future time. There are two uses. One is known as the attitudinal past (属于“表态性过去时” (attitudinal past), 即表示说话人当前的试探性态度, 而非过去时间, 多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词) , that is , the past tense is associated with the present time in independent clauses expressing a question, request or suggestion. Its effect is to make the question/request/suggestion less direct, implying a polite, somewhat tentative attitude试探性态度,婉转语气on the part of the speaker. A: Did you want me? B.Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help . Want, wonder, think, hope

情态动词和虚拟语气

要点一情态动词的基本用法 ,could 【温馨提示】 can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 ,might 【温馨提示】 may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 ,would 【温馨提示】 would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。

,should,ought to ,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must的问句时,否定回答通常用needn’t或don’t have to。(2) mustn’t表示“禁止;不许”;而don’t have to表示“不必”。(3) must只有一种形式,而have to有人称、时态的变化。 的用法 的用法

【温馨提示】 (1)dare用作情态动词有dare,dared两种形式。 (2)dare用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to可省去,但dare以动词-ing形式出现时,不定式符号to不能省略。 要点二“情态动词+have done ”的用法 have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can’t/cannot have done。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just can’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 have done意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 might have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done意为“可能没有做……”。 It’s no use going to his may not have gone may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 ought to have done表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to

情态动词和虚拟语气

谓语动词(情态动词、虚拟语气) 要点一情态动词的基本用法 【温馨提示】can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 2.may,might 【温馨提示】may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 【温馨提示】would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。 4.shall,should,ought to

5.must,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must 的问句时,否定回答通常用 needn ’t 或don ’t have to 。(2) mustn ’t 表示“禁止;不许”;而don ’t have to 表示“不必”。(3) must 只有一种形式,而have to 有人称、时态的变化。 7.dare 的用法 【温馨提示】 (1)dare 用作情态动词有dare,dared 两种形式。 (2)dare 用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to 可省去,但dare 以动词-ing 形式出现时,不定式符号to 不能省略。 要点二 “情态动词+have done ”的用法 1.must have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can ’t/cannot have done 。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just now.He can ’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 2.could have done 意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn ’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 3.may/might have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done 意为“可能没有做……”。 It ’s no use going to his house.He may not have gone home.He may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。 他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 4.should/ought to have done 表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to have done 表示“本不该做某事却做了”。

(完整版)含有情态动词的虚拟语气

“would+have+done”虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做” 1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。 2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩。“could+have+done”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。 请看相关知识点: 一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。 二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了。 三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗? 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢? 四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。 五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. —乔治发生了什么事?

情态动词和虚拟语气

高效演练·跟踪检测区 语法填空 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 Long ago, there was a mother and a son living in a house. She worked hard every day, but they were always poor. One day, her son stol e his friend’s bag. “Mom, 1. do you think of this bag? ”His mother 2. (scold)him, but she didn’t. “It looks great! ” The next time, he stole an overcoat. She praised him again after he stole it. A few years later, he grew up to be 3. young man. He stole jewelry and brought them to his mother. “How beautiful! ”This time, she did not scold her son again. Then, 4. he was pleased by his mother, he started to steal 5. (expensive)things. One day, the police caught him. Before putting him in jail, he begged the police to meet his mother. They took 6. to his mother. As soon as he saw his mother, he hit her ear lobe. “Ouch! What’s the matter with you? ”She finally scolded him. Her son answered, “If you 7. (give)me a scolding like that when I stole the first bag, I could not have become a thief. ” She collapsed as she looked at her son 8. (head)for the prison. “If only I 9. turn back time, I would scold him 10. (severe). ”Sh e regretted that she had always praised him, whatever he did.

2019年高考英语真题专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气

三年(2017-2019)年高考真题分项汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 一、2019年高考真题 1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真遗憾!你错过了这次观光,否则,我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文,可知是对过去事情的虚拟,与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:工人们没有被更好的组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知,这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选D。 二、2018年高考真题 1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真奇怪,他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中,其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should可以省略。故选B。 点睛:本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气,表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情,完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较:It is strange that he had made a mistake.(陈述一个事实:他犯

情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词和虚拟语气 1. --- I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month. --- Don't worry. You_______ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may 2. --- I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. --- How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_______ it. A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 3. --- She looks very happy. She_______ have passed the exam. --- I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 4. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused 5. --- I’m sorry. I _______ at you the other day. --- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted 6. --- ________the plane have taken off on time? --- I'm afraid not. So many flights were delayed due to the bitterly cold weather. A. Need B. Should C. Can D. Must 7. --- I didn't attend Tom's wedding yesterday. --- I _________, either, if my friend hadn't reminded me. A. wouldn't B. wouldn't have C. didn't D. hadn't 8. We’re still at the airport. If it weren’t for the delayed flight, we ___________ the concert right now. A. can be enjoying B. must have enjoyed C. would be enjoying D. should have enjoyed 9. For environmental reasons, we _____________ as well take these waste products and have them recycled.

2017-2019高考英语真题分类解析---情态动词和虚拟语气

2017-2019高考英语真题分类解析-----情态动词和虚拟语气 一、2019年高考真题 1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真遗憾!你错过了这次观光,否则,我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文,可知是对过去事情的虚拟,与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:工人们没有被更好的组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知,这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选D。 二、2018年高考真题 1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真奇怪,他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中,其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should可以省略。故选B。 点睛:本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气,表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情,完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较:It is strange that he had made a mistake.(陈述一个事实:他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。)It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. (虚拟语气,说话者是在责备他本

情态动词和虚拟语气

第一课 1、I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I report it to the police? A、should B、may C、will D、can 2、----The room is so dirty. we clean it? ----Of course. A、Will B、Shall C、Would D、Do 3、My English—Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who have taken it? A、should B、must C、could D、would 4、It is suggested that a doctor immediately. A、be sent for B、send for C、is send for D、should send for 5、When he was there,he go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A、would B、should C、had better D、might 6、Mary never does any reading in the evening, . A、so does John B、John does too C、John doesn’t too D、nor does John 7、----The computer is still on,could you have forgotten to turn it off? ----Yes,I . A、could have B、could C、must D、might have 8、Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night,no matter what we during the day. A、may have done B、would have done C、must have done D、should have done 9、It’s 4 p.m.now and we’ve covered most of the distance.We arrive before dark. A、would B、should C、would rather D、have to 10、When the police took the suspect to the police station,he insisted that he the lady’s purse and that he free. A、not steal;be set B、didn’t steal;was set C、not steal;should be D、didn’t steal;be set 11、Jenny have kept her word.I wonder why she changed her mind. A、must B、should C、need D、would 12、he knew nothing about her. A、He appears as if B、It seems that C、It appears as if D、It seems as if 13、Peter come with us tonight,but he isn’t sure. A、must B、may C、can D、will 14、Helen go on the trip with us,but she isn’t quite sure yet. A、shall B、must C、may D、can 15、----There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.

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