北京大学考博英语真题常见长难句解析
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第64期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I was in some doubt as to whether the Corporal had ( ) us accidentally on his way out of the town or if he'd been deliberately tasked.问题1选项A.crashed onB.bumped intoC.fallen againstD.puzzled about【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。
crash on“撞上”；bump into“无意中遇到”；fall against“绊倒在……”；puzzle about“苦思冥想”。
句意：我有些怀疑那个下士到底在出城的路上偶然碰上我们了还是被故意派来的。
因此B选项符合题意。
2.单选题The school shooting triggered a barrage of transparently irrelevant proposed solutions, tossed out without regard to their relevance to the events that supposedly ______ the proposals.问题1选项A.occasionedB.concernedC.illuminatedD.ensued【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
occasion“引起，惹起”；concern“涉及；使担心”；illuminate“阐明；照亮”；ensue“追求”。
句意：学校枪击事件引发了一连串明显不相干的解决方案，而这些方案与引发这些方案的事件毫无关联。
选项A符合题意。
3.单选题Hip replacement surgery is（）joint replacement surgery in the U. S.问题1选项A.the single most frequentB.the most single frequentC.the single frequentD.a single frequent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词排序。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第82期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected（）the unconscious （）their psychology. No one can shield himself（）such an influence.问题1选项A.on... by... atB.by... for... inC.from... in... onD.through... with... from【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。
infect sb. with sth. “用……感染……”是固定搭配；shield from“庇护使免遭……”也是固定搭配；through表示感染渠道。
因此D选项符合题意。
2.单选题New research suggests gossip could actually lower______and help people overcome the frustration of seeing someone doing something wrong and getting away with it.问题1选项A.pressB.blessC.cressD.stress 【答案】D【解析】考查形近名词辨析。
lower在句中表示动词用法，后面空格处应填名词。
press “压；新闻”；bless无名词用法；cress“水芹”；stress“压力”。
句意：新的研究表明，流言实际上可能会降低……并帮助人们克服看到有人做错事却没受惩罚的挫败感。
因此选项D符合题意。
3.名词解释(1) It is useful to remember that history is to the nation as memory is to the individual. As persons deprived of memory become disoriented and lost, not knowing where they have been and where they are going, so a nation denied a conception of the past will be disabled in dealing with its present and its future.History is the best antidote to delusions of omnipotence and omniscience. (2) Selfknowledge is the indispensable prelude to self-control, for the nation as well as for individual. History should forever remind us of the limits of our passing perspectives. It should strengthen us to resist the pressure to convert momentary impulses into moral absolutes. It should lead us to recognition of the fact, so often and so sadly displayed, that the future outwits all our certitudes and that the possibilities of the future are more various than the human intellect is designed to conceive.(3) A nation informed by a vivid understanding of the ironies of history is best equipped to manage the tragic temptations of military power. Let us not bully our way through life, but let a sensitivity to history temper and civilize our use of power. In the meantime, let a thousand historical flowers bloom. (4) History is never a closed book or a final verdict. It is forever in the interests of an ideology, a religion, a race, and a nation.The great strength of history is its capacity for self-correction. This is the endless excitement of historical writing: the search to reconstruct what went before. (5) A nation's history must be both the guide and the domain not so much of its historians as its citizens.Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on ANSWER【答案】1.History is to a nation what memory is to a person, so keep it in mind is helpful.2.Self-knowledge is an essential premise for self-control of the nation and individual.3.If a nation can learn a lot from its history lessons, it is well prepared for controlling the impulsion of resorting to force.4.History is not constant and invariable.5.The history of a nation is the director and researching field of its citizens rather than its historians.4.单选题Going through a tricky divorce would be enough to put anyone off marriage for life. But a new study shows that men are much more likely to______a stressful and complicated break-up than women.问题1选项A.get onB.get offC.get overD.get in【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第69期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Experiments suggest that season of birth dramatically affects the speed the body clock ticks. 问题1选项A.at whichB.for whichC.on whichD.in which【答案】A【解析】考查语法知识。
介词+which引导定语从句时，介词要与先行词搭配。
题干中先行词是the speed，只有at可以搭配。
句意：实验表明，出生的季节会极大地影响生物钟的运转速度。
因此选项A符合题意。
2.单选题（）sermons retained their preeminence in religious life during most of the twentieth century, they are gradually losing that central places as churches devote more energy to social activities.问题1选项A.AsB.ForC.WhileD.Although【答案】D【解析】考查逻辑知识。
前半句中“sermons retained their preeminence”表示肯定意义，后半句提到“they are gradually losing that central places”，可知语气出现了转折。
因此D选项符合题意。
3.单选题All the mountains are stunningly beautiful, and there are（）valleys and the smell of peat from every cottage.问题1选项A.woodenB.woodedC.woodingD.woods【答案】B【解析】考查形近词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：62
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题We have been hearing ______ accounts of your work.问题1选项A.favoredB.favorableC.favoriteD.favoring【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
favored“有利的；收到优待的”；favorable“有利的；赞许的”；favorite“最喜爱的”；favoring“顺利的；有帮助的”。
句意：我们一直在听……你工作的报道。
因此B选项符合题意。
2.单选题Some might consider it an ugly truth that attractive people are often more successful than those ________ blessed with looks.问题1选项A.lessB.moreC.mostD.least 【答案】A【解析】考查语法知识。
根据题干中more…than结构可知空格处应填写比较级与之对应，因此排除C和D。
而attractive与blessed with looks表达同义，无法比较，因此空格处应选择否定意义。
句意：有些人可能会认为这是一个丑陋的事实，有吸引力的人往往比那些颜值没那么高的人更成功。
因此A选项符合题意。
3.单选题Since no one could ( ) his scribbling, the chief editor decided to replace him with another columnist.问题1选项A.encodeB.decipherC.clearD.identify【答案】B4.单选题Western man is himself being Westernized by his own speed-up, （）by industrial technology. 问题1选项A.as much the Africans are detribalizedB.the Africans are much being detribalizedC.as much as the Africans are being detribalizedD.as much as the Africans are detribalized【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：6
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A Survey has found that three quarters of men quite enjoy their food shopping experience and are happy to______their way around the aisles searching out products.问题1选项A.driveB.steerC.navigateD.voyage【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析与搭配。
drive“推动；驾驶；驱赶”；steer“控制；引导；驾驶”；navigate“操纵；导航；航行”；voyage “航行；渡过”。
四个选项虽都与驾驶、航行有关，但其中只有navigate可与one’s way around搭配。
句意：一项调查发现，四分之三的男性非常享受他们的食品购物体验，他们很乐意推车购物车来回寻找商品。
因此C选项符合题意。
2.单选题The（） British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking once said in an interview that heaven is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark.问题1选项A.imposingB.loftyC.prominentD.eminent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
空格处应填入形容词修饰physicist。
imposing“壮观的，威风的”；lofty“崇高的，高傲的”；prominent“突出的，显著的”；eminent“杰出的，有名的”。
句意：英国杰出的理论物理学家斯蒂芬•霍金曾在一次采访中说，天堂是为害怕黑暗的人准备的童话故事。
因此D选项符合题意。
3.单选题It was（）to watch her condition deteriorate day by day.问题1选项A.sympatheticB.patheticC.empathicD.pathic【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：66
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Charles Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species” is credited with sparking evolution’s revolution in scientific thought, but many observers had pondered evolution before him. It was understanding the idea’s significance and selling it to the public that made Da rwin great, according to the Arnold arboretum’s new director.William Friedman, the Arnold Professor of Organism and Evolutionary Biology who took over as arboretum director Jan.1 has studied Darwin’s writings as well as those of his predecessors and contemporaries. While Darwin is widely credited as the father of evolution, Friedman said the “historical sketch” that Darwin attached to later printings of his masterpiece was intended to mollify those who demanded credit for their own earlier ideas.The historical sketch grew with each subsequent printing, Friedman told an audience Monday (Jan. 10)，until, by the 6th edition, 34 authors were mentioned in it. Scholars now believe that somewhere between 50 and 60 authors had beaten Darwin in their writings about evolution. Included was Darwin’s grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, a physician who irritated clergymen with his insistence that life arose from lower forms, specifically mollusks.Friedman’s talk, “A Darwinian Look at Darwin’s Evolutionist Ancestors，” took pla ce at the arboretum’s Hunnewell Building and was the first in a new Director’s Lecture Series. Though others had clearly pondered evolution before Darwin, he wasn’t without originality. Friedman said that Darwin’s thinking on natural selection as the mecha nism of evolution was shared by few, most prominently Alfred Wallace, whose writing on the subject after years in the field spurred Darwin’s writing of “On the Origin of Species”. Although the book runs more than 400 pages, Friedman said it was never the book on evolution and natural selection that Darwin intended. In 1856, three years before the book was published, he began work on a detailed tome on natural selection that wouldn’t see publication until 1975.The seminal event in creating “On the Origin of Species” occurred in 1858, when Wallace wrote Darwin detailing Wallace’s ideas of evolution by natural selection. The arrival of Wallace’s ideas galvanized Darwin into writing “ On the Origin of Species ” as an “ abstract ” of the ideas he was painstaking ly laying out in the larger work. This was a lucky break for Darwin, because it forced him to write his ideas in plain language, which led to a book that was not only revolutionary, despite those who’d tread similar ground before, but that was also very readable.Though others thought about evolution before Darwin, scientific discovery requires more than just an idea. In addition to the concept, discovery requires the understanding of the significance of the idea， something some of the earlier authors clearly did not have 一 such as the arborist who buried his thoughts on natural selection in the appendix of a book on naval timber. Lastly, scientific discovery demands the ability to convince others of the correctness of an idea. Darwin, through “On the Origin of Species，” was the only thinker of the time who had all three of those traits, Friedman said. “Darwin had the ability to convince others of the correctness of the idea，” Friedman said, adding that even Wallace, whose claim to new thinking on evolution and natural selection was stronger than all the others, paid homage to Darwin by titling his 1889 book on the subject, “ Darwinism. ’’1.According to William Friedman, Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species” is great in that ______.2.Friedman believes that Darwin attached a “historical sketch” to later printings of his book in an attempt to _______.3.In Friedman’s view, Darwin’s originality lies in _______.4.We have learned that at first Darwin intended to write his idea in（）5.Scientific discovery required all the following Except（）问题1选项A.it was the most studied by later scientistsB.it had significant ideas about evolutionsC.it was the first to talk about evolutionD.it was well received by the public问题2选项A.credit the ideas about evolution before hisB.claim himself as the fathter of evolutionC.introduce his grandfather to the readerD.summarize this predecessors’ work问题3选项A.his thinking on natural selection as the mechanism of evolutionB.his sharing ideas about evolution with his contemporariesC.the way he wrote “On the Origin of Species”D.the way he lectured on the ideas of evolution问题4选项A.a much larger bookB.a 400-page bookC.scientific termsD.plain language问题5选项ing up with a new ideaB.understanding the significance of the ideaC.making claims to the idea by writing booksD.convincing others of the correctness of the ides【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节题。
北京大学考博英语模拟试卷18(题后含答案及解析)
北京大学考博英语模拟试卷18(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Proofreading 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．There seemed little hope that the explorer,_____in the tropical forest, would find bis way out.A．having been desertedB．having desertedC．to have been desertedD．to be deserted正确答案：A解析：having been deserted in the tropical forest“独自处在热带雨林之中”，是完成式现在分词短语作状语，表示原因。
2．By signing an application, I asked that an account_____for me and a credit card issued as I requested.A．openedB．to be openedC．be openedD．was opened正确答案：C解析：ask的宾语从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气。
3．_____does he know that the police are about to arrest him.A．SeldomB．LittleC．OnlyD．Never正确答案：B解析：半否定词little放在句首时，句子要用倒装语序。
seldom/never放在句首时句子也需用倒装语序；only引导的状语放在句首时也需用倒装语序，但这三个不合句意。
4．The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers_____for.A．demonstrateB．demonstratedC．be demonstratingD．had been demonstrating正确答案：D解析：demands后面的that从句为限制性定语从句，因此从句谓语用陈述语气。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：9
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Sales of mushrooms have hit an all-time high as Britons increasingly turn to the cheap and （） foodstuff for their cooking.问题1选项A.versatileB.multipleC.manifoldD.diverse【答案】A【解析】考查近义词辨析。
versatile“多才多艺的，多用途的”；multiple“多重的，复合的”；manifold“多方面的，各式各样的”；diverse“不同的，各种各样的”。
句意：蘑菇的销量创下历史新高，因为英国人越来越多致力于寻找便宜的、多用途的食材做饭。
因此A选项符合题意。
2.单选题The European Parliament has banned the terms “Miss” and “Mrs” they offend female members.问题1选项A.as long asB.the momentC.so thatD.in case【答案】D【解析】考查逻辑关系。
as long as“只要”；the moment“一……就……”；so that“所以，以便”；in case“万一，假使”。
句意：欧洲议会禁止使用“小姐”和“夫人”这两个词，以防它们冒犯女性议员。
因此D选项符合题意。
3.单选题The structure of the global economy（）that developing nations put all their efforts into raising cash — usually by exporting whatever virgin resources the industrial world might desire.问题1选项A.dictatesB.regulatesC.allowsD.appeals【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
2011北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析
2011北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析Part Two:Structure and Written Expression(20%)Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked、Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet、11. Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question thata wide solution、A.admits of B、requires of C、needs of D、seeks for12.In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be remindedthat the medium is the message、A.accustomed to split and dividedB.accustomed to splitting and dividingC.accustomed to split and dividingD.accustomed to splitting and divided13.Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value、A、at itselfB、as itselfC、on itselfD、in itself14. us earlier, your request to the full、A、You have contacted…we could comply withB、Had you contacted…we could have complied withC、You had contacted…could we have complied withD、Have you contacted…we could comply with15.The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy、A、discardB、discreetC、discordD、disgorge16、Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious theirpsychology、No one can shield himself such an influence、A、on…by…atB、by…for…inC、from…in…onD、through…with…from17、The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety、Now it appears to create、A、boreB、boredC、boredomD、bordom18、Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz、A、lackedB、lackingC、for lack ofD、lack of19、There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine、A、that have toB、have toC、having toD、has to20、The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it、A、none the worseB、none the betterC、never worseD、never better21、As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color、A、cried out for…cried out forB、cry out for…cry out forC、had cried out for…cried out forD、had cried out for…cry out for22、While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very 、A、triggerB、meagerC、vigorD、linger23、Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology、A、as much the Africans are detribalizedB、the Africans are much being detribalizedC、as much as the Africans are being detribalizedD、as much as the Africans are detribalized24、We admire his courage and self-confidence、A、can butB、cannot onlyC、cannot butD、can only but25、In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed tonotice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical、A、inundatingB、imitatingC、immolatingD、insulating26、you promise you will work hard, support you to college、A、If only…will IB、Only…I willC、Only if…will ID、Only if…I will27、It is one of the ironies of Western man that he has never felt invention as a threat to his way of life、A、any concern withB、any concern aboutC、any concern inD、any concern at28、One room schools, with all subjects being taught to all grades at the same time, simplywhen better transportation permits specialized spaces and specialized teaching、A、resolvedB、absolvedC、dissolvedD、solved29、People are living longer and not saving enough, which means they will either have to worklonger, live less in retirement or bailed by the government、A、in…for…upB、for…on…outC、by…in…onD、on…for…out30、The country s deficit that year to a record 1698 billion dollarsA、soaredB、souredC、soredD、sourcedPart Three: Close T est (10%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and choose ONE best word for each numbered blank、Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet、2009 was the worst year for the record labels in a decade31 was 2008, and before that 2007 and 2006、In fact, industry revenues have been 32 for the past 10 years、Digital sales are growing, but not as fast as traditional sales are falling、Maybe that’s because illegal downloads are so easy、People have been 33 intellectual property for centuries, but it used to be a time-consuming way to generate markedly 34 copies、These days, high-quality copies are 35、According to the Pew Internet project, people use software more often than they do iTunes and other legal shops、I’d like to believe, as many of my friends seem to, that this practice won’t do much harm、But even as I’ve heard over the p ast decade that things weren’t 36 bad, that the music industry was moving to a new, better business model, each year’s numbers have been worse、Maybe it’s time to admit that we may never find a way to 37 consumers who want free entertainment with creators who want to get paid、38 on this problem, the computational neuroscientist AndersSandberg recently noted that although we have strong instinctive feelings about ownership, intellectual property doesn’t always 39 that framework、The harm done by individual acts of piracy is too small and too abstract、“The nature of intellectual property,”he wrote, “makes it hard to maintain the social and empathic 40 that keep(s) us from taking each other’s things、”31、A、As B、Same C、Thus D、So32、A、stagnating B、declining C、increasing D、stultifying33、A、taking B、robbing C、stealing D、pirating34、A、upgraded B、inferior C、ineffective D、preferable35、A、numerous B、ubiquitous C、accessible D、effortless36、A、so B、this C、that D、much37、A、satisfy B、help C、reconcile D、equate38、A、Based B、Capitalizing C、Reflecting D、Drawing39、A、match up with B、fill in C、fit into D、set up40、A、constraints B、consciousness C、norm D、etiquettePart IV: Reading Comprehension(20%)Directions: Each of the following four passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements、For each question or unfinished statement, four answers are given、Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question、Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet、Passage OneCancer has always been with us, but not always in the same way、Its care and management have differed over time, of course, but so, too, have its identity, visibility, and meanings、Pick up the thread of history at its most distant end and you have cancer the crab—so named either because of the ramifying venous processes spreading out from a tumor or because its painis like the pinch of a crab’s claw、Premodern cancer is a lump, a swelling that sometimes breaks through the skin in ulcerations producing foul-smelling discharges、The ancient Egyptians knew about many tumors that had a bad outcome, and the Greeks made a distinction between benign tumors (oncos) and malignant ones (carcinos)、In the second century A.D., Galen reckoned that the cause was systemic, an excess of melancholy or black bil e, one of the body’s four “humors,”brought on by bad diet and environmental circumstances、Ancient medical practitioners sometimes cut tumors out, but the prognosis was known to be grim、Describing tumors of the breast, an Egyptian papyrus from about 1600 B.C.concluded: “There is no treatment、”The experience of cancer has always been terrible, but, until modern times, its mark on the culture has been light、In the past, fear coagulated around other ways of dying: infectious and epidemic diseases (plague, smallpox, cholera, typhus, typhoid fever); “apoplexies”(what we now call strokes and heart attacks); and, most notably in the nineteenth century, “consumption”(tuberculosis)、The agonizing manner of cancer death was dreaded, but that fear was not centrally situated in the public mind—as it now is、This is one reason that the medical historian Roy Porter wrote that cancer is “the modern disease par excellence,”and that Mukherjee calls it “the quintessential product of modernity、”At one time, it was thought that c ancer was a “disease of civilization,” belonging to much the same causal domain as “neurasthenia” and diabetes, the former a nervous weakness believed to be br ought about by the stress of modern life and the latter a condition produced by bad diet and indolence、Inthe eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, some physicians attributed cancer—notably of the breast and the ovaries—to psychological and behavioral causes、William Buchan’s wildly popular eighteenth-century text “Domestic Medicine”judged that cancers might be caused by “excessive fear, grief, religious melancholy、”In the nineteenth century, reference was repeatedly made to a “cancer personality,”and, in some versions, specifically to sexual repression、As Susan Sontag observed, cancer was considered shameful, not to be mentioned, even obscene、Among the Romantics and the Victorians, suffering and dying from tuberculosis might be considered a badge of refinement; cancer death was nothing of the sort、“It seems unimaginable,”Sontag wrote, “to aestheticize”c ancer、41、According to the passage, the ancient Egyptians 、A、called cancer the crabB、were able to distinguish benign tumors and malignant onesC、found out the cause of cancerD、knew about a lot of malignant tumors42、Which of the following statements about the cancers of the past is best supported by the passage?A、Ancient people did not live long enough to become prone to cancerB、In the past, people did not fear cancerC、Cancer death might be considered a badge of refinementD、Some physicians believed that one s own behavioral mode could lead to cancer43、Which of the following is the reason for cancer to be called “the modern disease”?A、Modern cancer care is very effectiveB、There is a lot more cancer nowC、People understand cancer in radically new ways nowD、There is a sharp increase in mortality in modern cancer world44、“Neurasthenia”and diabetes are mentioned because 、A、they are as fatal as cancerB、they were considered to be “disease of civilization”C、people dread them very muchD、they are brought by the high pressure of modern life45、As suggested by the passage, with which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?A、The care and management of cancer have development over timeB、The cultural significance of cancer shifts in different timesC、Cancer s identity has never changedD、Cancer is the price paid for modern lifePassage TwoIf you happened to be watching NBC on the first Sunday morning in August last summer, you would have seen something curious、There, on the set of Meet the Press, the host, David Gregory, was interviewing a guest who made a forceful case that the U.S. economy had become “very distorted、”In the wake of the recession, this guest explained, high-income individuals, large banks, and major corporations had experienced a “significant recovery”; the rest of the economy, by contrast—including small businesses and “a very significant amount of the labor force”—was stuck and still struggling、What we were seeing, he argued, was not a single economy at all, but rather “fundamentally two separate types of economy,”increasingly distinct and divergent、This diagnosis, though alarming, was hardly unique: drawing attention to the divide between the wealthy and everyone else has long been standard fare on the left、(The idea of “two Americas”was a central theme of John Edwards’s 2004 and 2008 presidential runs、) What made the argument striking in this instance was that it was being offered by none other than the former five-term Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan: iconic libertarian, preeminent defender of the free market, and (at least until recently) the nation’s foremost devotee of Ayn Rand、When the high priest of capitalism himself is declaring the growth in economic inequality a national crisis, something has gone very, very wrong、This widening gap between the rich and non-rich has been evident for years、In a 2005 report to investors, for instance, three analysts at Citigroup advised that “the World is dividing into two blocs—the Plutonomy and the rest”、In a plutonomy there is no such animal as “the U.S.consumer”or “the UK consumer”, or indeed “the Russian consumer”、There are rich consumers, few in number, but disproportionate in the gigantic slice of income and consumption they take、There are the rest, the “non-rich”, the multitudinous many, but only accounting for surprisingly small bites of the national pie、Before the recession, it was relatively easy to ignore this concentration of wealth among an elite few、The wondrous inventions of the modern economy—Google, Amazon, the iPhone broadly improved the lives of middle-class consumers, even as they made a tiny subset of entrepreneurs hugely wealthy、And the less-wondrous inventions—particularly the explosion of subprime credit—helped mask the rise of income inequality for many of those whose earnings were stagnant、But the financialcrisis and its long, dismal aftermath have changed all that、A multi-billion-dollar bailout and Wall Street’s swift, subsequent reinstatement of gargantuan bonuses have inspired a narrative of parasitic bankers and other elites rigging the game for their own benefit、And this, in turn, has led to wider-and not unreasonable-fears that we are living in not merely a plutonomy, but a plutocracy, in which the rich display outsize political influence, narrowly self interested motives, and a casual indifference to anyone outside their own rarefied economic bubble、46、According to the passage, the U.S.economy 、A、fares quite wellB、has completely recovered from the economic recessionC、has its own problemsD、is lagging behind other industrial economies47、Which of the following statement about today’s super-elite would the passage support?A、T oday’s plutocrats are the hereditary eliteB、Today’s super-rich are increasingly a nation unto themselvesC、They are the deserving winners of a tough economic competitionD、They are worried about the social and political consequences of rising income inequality48、What can be said of modern technological innovations?A、They have lifted many people into the middle class、B、They have narrowed the gap between the rich and the non-rich、C、They have led to a rise of income inequality、D、They have benefited the general public、49、The author seems to suggest that the financial crisis and its aftermath 、A、have compromised the rich with the non-richB、have enriched the plutocratic eliteC、have put Americans on the alert for too much power the rich possessD、have enlarged the gap between the rich and non-rich50、The primary purpose of the passage is to 、A、present the financial imbalance in the U.S.B、display sympathy for the working classC、criticize the super elite of the Unite StatesD、appreciate the merits of the super rich in the U.S.Passage ThreeCharles Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species”is credited with sparking evolution’s revolution in scientific thought, but many observers had pondered evolution before him、It was understanding the idea’s significance and selling it to the public that made Darwin great, according to the Arnold Arboretum’s new director、William Friedman, the Arnold Professor of Organism and Evolutionary Biology who took over as arboretum director Ja n.1, has studied Darwin’s writings as well as those of his predecessors and contemporaries、While Darwin is widely credited as the father of evolution, Friedman said the “historical sketch”that Darwin attached to later printings of his masterpiece was intended to mollify those who demanded credit for their own earlier ideas、The historical sketch grew with each subsequent printing, Friedman told an audience Monday (Ja n.10), until, by the 6th edition, 34 authors were mentioned in it、Scholars now believethat somewhere between 50 and 60 authors had beaten Darwin in their writings about evolution Included was Darwin’s grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, a physician who irritated clergymen with his insistence that life arose from lower forms, specifically mollusks、Friedman’s talk, “A Darwinian Look at Darwin’s Evolutionist Ancestors,”took place at the arboretum’s Hunnewell Building and was the first i n a new Director’s Lecture Series、Though others had clearly pondered evolution before Darwin, he wasn’t without originality、Friedman said that Darwin’s thinking on natural selection as the mechanism of evolution was shared by few, most prominently Alfred Wallace, whose writing on the subject after years in the field spurred Darwin’s writing of “On the Origin of Species、”Although the book runs more than 400 pages, Friedman said it was never the book on evolution and natural selection that Darwin intended、In 1856, three years before the book was published, he began work on a detailed tome on natural selection that wouldn’t see publication until 1975、The seminal event in creating “On the Origin of Species”occurred in 1858, when Wallace wrote Darwin detailing Wallace’s ideas of evolution by natural selection、The arrival of Wallace’s ideas galvanized Darwin into writing “On the Origin of Species”as an “abstract”of the ideas he was painstakingly laying out in the larger work、This was a lucky break for Darwin, because it forced him to write his ideas in plain language, which led to a book that was not only revolutionary, despite those who’d tread similar ground before, but that was also very readable、Though others thought about evolution beforeDarwin, scientific discovery requires more than just an idea、In addition to the concept, discovery requires the understanding of the significance of the idea, something some of the earlier authors clearly did not have—such as the arborist who buried his thoughts on natural selection in the appendix of a book on naval timber、Lastly, scientific discovery demands the ability to convince others of the correctness of an idea、Darwin, through “On the Origin of Species,”was the only thinker of the time who had all three of those traits, Friedman said、“Darwin had the ability to convince others of the correctness of the idea,” Friedman said, adding that even Wallace, whose claim to new thinking on evolution and natural selection was stronger than all the others, paid homage to Darwin by titling his 1889 book on the subject, “Darwinism、”51、According to William Friedman, Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species”is great in that、A、it was the most studied by later scientistsB、it had significant ideas about evolutionC、it was the first to talk about evolutionD、it was well received by the public52、Friedman believes that Darwin attached a “historical sketch”to later printings of his book in an attempt to 、A、credit the ideas about evolution before hisB、claim himself as the father of evolutionC、introduce his grandfather to the readerD、summarize his predecessors work53、In Friedman s view, Darwin s originality lies in 、A、his thinking on natural selection as the mechanism of evolutionB、his sharing ideas about evolution with his contemporariesC、the way he wrote “On the Origin of Species”D、the way he lectured on the ideas of evolution54、We have learned that at first Darwin intended to write his idea in 、A、a much larger bookB、a 400page bookC、scientific termsD、plain language55、Scientific discovery requires all the following Expect 、A、coming up with a new ideaB、understanding the significance of the ideaC、making claims to the idea by writing booksD、convincing others of the correctness of the idesPassage FourMany adults may think they are getting enough shut-eye, but in a major sleep study almost 80 percent of respondents admitted to not getting their prescribed amount of nightly rest、So, what exactly is the right amount of sleep? Research shows that adults need an average of seven to nine hours of sleep a night for optimal functionality、Read on to see just how much of an impact moderate sleep deprivation can have on your mind and body、By getting less than six hours of sleep a night, you could be putting yourself at risk of high blood pressure、When you sleep, your heart gets a break and is able to slow down for a significant period of time、But cutting back on sleep means your heart has to work overtime without its allotted break、In constantly doing so, your body must accommodate to its new conditions and elevate your overall daily blood pressure、And the heart isn’tthe only organ that is overtaxed by a lack of sleeps、The less sleep you get, the less time the brain has to regulate stress hormones, and over time, sleep deprivation could permanently hinder the brain’s ability to regulate these hormones, leading to elevated blood pressure、We all hang around in bed during our bouts of illness、But did you know that skipping out on the bed rest can increase your risk of getting sick? Prolonged sleep deprivation has long been associated with diminished immune functions, but researchers have also found a direct correlation between “modest”sleep deprivation—less than six hours—and reduced immune response、So try to toughen up your immune system by getting at least seven hours of sleep a night, and maintaining a healthy diet、You’ll be glad you got that extra hour of sleep the next time that bug comes around and leaves everyone else bedridden with a fever for three days、During deep REM sleep, your muscles (except those in the eyes) are essentially immobilized in order to keep you from acting out on your dreams、Unfortunately, this effort your body makes to keep you safe while dreaming can sometimes backfire, resulting in sleep paralysis、Sleep paralysis occurs when the brain is aroused from its REM cycle, but the body remains in its immobilizing state、This can be quite a frightening sensation because, while your mind is slowly regaining consciousness, it has no control over your body, leaving some with a feeling of powerlessness, fear and panic、Most people experience this eerie phenomena at least once in their lives, but those who are sleep deprived are more likely to have panicked episodes of sleep paralysis that are usually accompanied by hallucinations, as well、For a second, imagine all of your memories are erased; every birthday, summer vacation, even what you did yesterdayafternoon is completely lost, because you have no recollection of them、It’s a chilling thought, but that is what a life without sleep would be like、Sleep is essential to the cognitive functions of the brain, and without it, our ability to consolidate memories, learn daily tasks, and make decisions is impaired by a large degree、Research has revealed that REM sleep, or dream-sleep, helps so lidify the “fragile”memories the brain creates throughout the day to that they can be easily organized and stored in the mind’s long-term cache、56、According to the passage, what is the meaning of “sleep deprivation”?A、T o sleep for an average period of time、B、To sleep deeply without dreaming、C、T o sleep less than needed、D、To sleep modestly、57、Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?A、When everyone else gets a fever, those with sleep deprivation will be abele to sleep longer、B、When everyone else gets a fever, those who usually have adequate sleep will be alright、C、Only modest sleep deprivation could weaken the immune system、D、Prolonged sleep deprivation will not have impact on the immune system、58、Why is there the so-called “sleep paralysis”?A、It occurs when you are unable to wake up from dreams while you are sleeping、B、It occurs when you brain immobilizes your body in order to keep you from dreaming、C、Because you are usually too frightened to move your body when waking up from deep REM sleep、D、Because your body, immobilized when dreaming, may still be unable to move even when your brain is waking up、59、Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the last paragraph?A、Memories are part of the cognitive function of the brain、B、Memories created during the daytime are usually fragile and impaired、C、You are likely to lose your memories of yesterday after a night’s sleep、D、Long term memory cannot be formed without dream-sleep、60、What effects of sleep deprivation on human mind and body are discussed in this passage?A、High blood pressure, a toughened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss、B、Blood pressure, immune system, sleep paralysis, and long term memory、C、Blood pressure, immune system, the brain and the body, and memory、D、High blood pressure, a weakened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss、Part V: Proofreading (15%)Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 15 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part、You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word、If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it、If you add a word, write the missing word between the words ( in brackets )immediately before and after it、If you deletea word, cross it out with a slash (/)、Put your answer on the Answer Sheet (2)、Examples:eg、1(61) The meeting begun 2 hours ago、Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (61) begun beganeg、2(62) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up 、Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (62) (Scarcely) had (they)eg、3(63) Never will I not do it again、Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (63)notWal-Mart announced Thursday afternoon that it would introduce a program nationwide called (61) “Pick Up Today”that allows customers to submit orders online and pick up their items few hours later in their local store、(62) The move is not revolutionary—Sears and Nordstrom, as instance, already have similar programs、(63) Retailers say that tying online and in-store inventory together lets them to sell more products、(64) Nordstrom recently combined its inventory so that if the online stockroom is out of a jacket, a store that has it can ship to the Web customer、(65) Encourage customers to retrieve items they have ordered online in a store increases visits to the stores, which usually increases sales、(66) Best Buy offers both store pickup and “ship to store,”where items are shipped free from a loca l store、Ace Hardware, J.C.Penney and Wal-Mart itself are among the others offering “ship to store”programs、In Wal-Mart’s program, (67) that is expected to be nationwide by June, customers can select from among 40,000 items online、(68) They will send a text message or e-mail alerting them when the order is ready, whichusually takes about four hours、(69) “Not only we see it as a nice convenience for customers, but we also saw it as a way to drive incremental traffic to the stores, and incremental sales,”sai d Steve Nave, senior vice president and general manager of Walmar /doc/0111381199.html,、(70) The program will include about 40000 items likewise electronics, toys, home décor and sporting goods、(71) As of now, it does not include groceries, though M r.Nave did dismiss that possibility、(72) “We’re not ready to talk today about everything that’s going on in grocery,”he said“What we’ve tried to do is (73) focus on those categories where customers are most likely to be willing to make the purchase after they touch it or look at it、(74) This is a convenient play, trying to figure out what are the things that are going to drive more customers into the stores、”Wal-Mart also announced that (75) it was shortened the time customers would have to wait for ship-to-store items, to four to seven days, from seven to 10 days、Part VI: Writing (15%)Directions: Read the following paragraph and then write a response paper of about 250 to 300 words、Write it nearly on the Answer Sheet (2)、In China, minimum wage becomes higher in many places、But people disagree over its benefits and drawbacks、Supporters say it increases the worker’s standard of living, while opponents say it increase unemployment、What do youthink?Part II Structure and Written Expression(20%)11、【A】A项admits of“容许,有……的可能”;B项requires。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：44
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Being born in the summer could give you a sunny disposition for life. And a winter birthday might cast a permanent shadow______your happiness, scientists believe.问题1选项A.throughB.crossC.beneathD.over【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。
cast a permanent shadow over…“给……投上阴影；使减弱”。
句意：出生在夏天可以给你的生活一个阳光的性格。
科学家们认为，冬季的生日可能会给你的幸福蒙上永久的阴影。
因此选项D符合题意。
2.单选题The belief that the mind plays an important role in physical illness goes back to the earliest days of medicine. From the time of the ancient Greeks to the beginning of the 20th century, it was generally accepted by both physician and patient that the mind can affect the course of illness, and it seemed natural to apply this concept in medical treatments of disease. After the discovery of antibiotics, a new assumption arose that treatment of infectious or inflammatory disease requires only the elimination of the foreign organism or agent that triggers the illness. In the rush to discover antibiotics and drugs that cure specific infections and diseases, the fact that the body’s own responses can influence susceptibility to disease and- its course was largely ignored by medical researchers.It is ironic that research into infectious and inflammatory disease first led 20th-century medicine to reject the idea that the mind influences physical illness, and now research in the same field — including the work of our laboratories and of our collaborators at the National Institutes of Health 一 is proving the contrary. New molecular and pharmacological tools have made it possible for us to identify the intricate network that exists between the immune system and the brain，a network that allows the two systems to signal each other continuously and rapidly. Chemicals produced by immune cells signal the brain, and the brain in turn sends chemical signals to restrain the immune system. These same chemical signals also affect behavior and the response to stress. Disruption of this communication network in any way, whether inherited or through drugs, toxic substances or surgery, exacerbates the diseases that these systems guard against: infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, and associated mood disorders.The clinical significance of these findings is likely to prove profound. They hold the promise of extending the range of therapeutic treatments available for various disorders, as drugs previously known to work primarily for nervous system problems are shown to be effective against immune maladies, and vice versa. They also help to substantiate the popularly held impression (still discounted in some medical circles) that our state of mind can influence how well we resist or recover from infectious or inflammatory diseases.The brain’s stress response system is activated in thre atening situations. The immune system responds automatically to pathogens and foreign molecules. These two response systems are the body’s principal means for maintaining an internal steady state called homeostasis. A substantial proportion of human cellular machinery is dedicated to maintaining it.When homeostasis is disturbed or threatened, a repertoire of molecular, cellular and behavioral responses comes into play. These responses attempt to counteract the disturbing forces in order to reestablish a steady state. They can be specific to the foreign invader or a particular stress, or they can be generalized and nonspecific when the threat to homeostasis exceeds a certain threshold. The adaptive response may themselves turn into stressors capable of producing disease. We are just beginning to understand the interdependence of the brain and the immune system, how they help to regulate and counter-regulate each other and how they themselves can malfunction and produce disease.1.The passage supplies information to suggest that （）2.Which of the following best states the mind-body interaction in disease?3.Which of the following statements about clinical significance of the new findings can be bestsupported by the passage?4.Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?5.According to the passage, in order to maintain an internal steady state called homeostasis,（）.问题1选项A.it has always been the belief of both physician and patient that one’s state of mind canaffectphysical diseaseB.the popular belief that stress exacerbates inflammatory illness has always been discredited by thedoctorsC.the discovery of antibiotics sheds light on people’s understanding of the mind-body interaction indiseaseD.there is a new understanding of the communication between the brain and immune system问题2选项A.The brain and immune systems send signals to each other.B.The immune and central nervous systems are organized in very different ways to affect thecourse of illness.C.Disruption of the communication of the brain and immune system can cure certain disease.D.The immune system and the brain share a lot of hormones to facilitate their communication.问题3选项A.The responsiveness to stress is genetically determined.B.The treatment of immune maladies can be consciously controlled.C.Psychoactive drugs may in some cases be used to treat inflammatory diseases.D.Social interactions can lessen psychological stress and alter immune responses.问题4选项A.Taking the cure at a mountain sanat orium doesn’t work for the treatment for many chronicdiseases.B.The relaxing effects of hot-springs spa can help restore the communication between the brain andimmune system.C.The disruption of the brain’s stress response reduces the body’s response.D.Depression is also associated with inflammatory disease.问题5选项A.sometimes the stress response needs to go to the extremeB.the stress response has to bar the foreign pathogens from the bodyC.both the stress and immune responses need to be regulatedD.the immune system promotes physiological and behavioral changes【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.主旨题。
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www.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校北京大学考博英语真题常见长难句解析
对于每一个英语句子的翻译,并不只是使用一种翻译方法,而是多种翻译方法的综合运用,这在英语长句的翻译中表现得尤为突出。长句在科技性的文体中的出现极为频繁,因此也就成为研究生入学考试的重点,通过对近年来试题的分析我们可以看出,所考查的绝大多数划线的部分都是长句。在翻译长句时,首先，不要因为句子太长而产生畏惧心理，因为，无论是多么复杂的句子，它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构,找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思,然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系,再按照汉语的特点和表达方式,正确地译出原文的意思,不必拘泥于原文的形式。需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。一、英语长句的分析一般来说,造成长句的原因有三方面:(1)修饰语过多;(2)并列成分多;(3)语言结构层次多。在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:(1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,从整体上把握句子的结构。(2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。(3)分析从句和短语的功能,例如,是否为主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句等,若是状语,它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。(4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系,例如,定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。(5)注意插入语等其他成分。(6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析:www.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校例1.Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.分析:(1)该句的主语为behaviorists,谓语为suggest,宾语为一个从句,因此整个句子为Behavioristsuggestthat-clause结构。(2)该句共有五个谓语结构,它们的谓语动词分别为suggest,israised,are,develop,experience等,这五个谓语结构之间的关系为:Behavioristsuggestthat-clause结构为主句;whoisraisedinanenvironment为定语从句,所修饰的先行词为child;wheretherearemanystimuli为定语从句,所修饰的先行词为environment;whichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponses为定语从句,所修饰的先行词为stimuli;在suggest的宾语从句中,主语为child,谓语为experience,宾语为greaterintellectualdevelopment.在作了如上的分析之后,我们就会对该句具有了一个较为透彻的理解,然后根据我们上面所讲述的各种翻译方法,就可以把该句翻译成汉语为:行为主义者认为,如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素,这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展,那么,儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。例2.Forafamilyoffour,forexample,itismoreconvenientaswellascheapertositcomfortablyathome,withalmostunlimitedentertainmentavailable,thantogooutinsearchofamusementelsewhere.(85年考题)分析:(1)该句的骨干结构为itismore…todosththantodosthwww.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校else.是一个比较结构,而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。(2)该句中共有三个谓语结构,它们之间的关系为:itismoreconvenientaswellascheaperto…为主体结构,但it是形式主语,真正的主语为第二个谓语结构:tositcomfortablyathome,并与第三个谓语结构togooutinsearchofamusementelsewhere作比较。(3)句首的forafamilyoffour作状语,表示条件。另外,还有两个介词短语作插入语:forexample,withalmostunlimitedentertainmentavailable,其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语,修饰tositcomfortablyathome.综合上述翻译方法，这个句子我们可以翻译为：譬如,对于一个四口之家来说,舒舒服服地在家中看电视,就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目,这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。二、长句的翻译英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念,而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句,作层次分明的叙述。因此,在进行英译汉时,要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异,将英语的长句分解,翻译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的翻译过程中,我们一般采取下列的方法。(1)顺序法。当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时,可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。例如:例1.Evenwhenweturnoffthebesidelampandarefastasleep,electricityisworkingforus,drivingourrefrigerators,heatingourwater,orkeepingourroomsair-conditioned.(84年考题)分析:该句子由一个主句,三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成,共有五层意思:A.既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地www.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校进入梦乡时;B.电仍在为我们工作;C.帮我们开动电冰箱;D.加热水;E.或是室内空调机继续运转。上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致,因此,我们可以通过顺序法,把该句翻译成:即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时,电仍在为我们工作:帮我们开动电冰箱,把水加热,或使室内空调机继续运转。例2.Butnowitisrealizedthatsuppliesofsomeofthemarelimited,anditisevenpossibletogiveareasonableestimateoftheir“expectationoflife”,thetimeitwilltaketoexhaustallknownsourcesandreservesofthesematerials.(84年考题)分析:该句的骨干结构为“Itisrealizedthat…”,it为形式主语,that引导着主语从句以及并列的itisevenpossibleto…结构,其中,不定式作主语,thetime…是“expectationoflife”的同位语,进一步解释其含义,而time后面的句子是它的定语从句。五个谓语结构,表达了四个层次的意义:A.可是现在人们意识到;B.其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的;C.人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”;D.将这些已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽的时间。根据同位语从句的翻译方法,把第四层意义的表达作适当的调整,整个句子就翻译为:可是现在人们意识到,其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的,人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”,也就是说,经过若干年后,这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。下面我们再列举几个实例:例3.Priortothetwentiethcentury,womeninnovelswerestereotypesoflackinganyfeaturesthatmadethemuniqueindividualsandwerealsosubjecttonumerousrestrictionsimposedbythewww.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校male-dominatedculture.在20世纪以前,小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点,因而无法成为具有个性的人;他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。例4.Thismethodofusing“controls”canbeappliedtoavarietyofsituations,andcanbeusedtofindtheanswertoquestionsaswidelydifferentas“Mustmoisturebepresentifironistorust?”and“Whichvarietyofbeansgivesthegreatestyieldinoneseason?”这种使用参照物的方法可以应用于许多种情况,也能用来找到很不相同的各种问题的答案,从“铁生锈,是否必须有一定的湿度才行?”到“哪种豆类一季的产量最高?”例5.Itbeginsasachildlikeinterestinthegrandspectacleandexcitingevent;itgrowsasamatureinterestinthevarietyandcomplexityofthedrama,thesplendidachievementsandterriblefailures;itendsasdeepsenseofthemysteryofman`slifeofallthedead,greatandobscure,whooncewalkedtheearth,andofwonderfulandawfulpossibilitiesofbeingahumanbeing.我们对历史的爱好起源于我们最初仅对一些历史上的宏伟场面和激动人心的事件感到孩童般的兴趣;其后,这种爱好变得成熟起来,我们开始对历史这出“戏剧”的多样性和复杂性,对历史上的辉煌成就和悲壮失败也感兴趣;对历史的爱好,最终以我们对人类生命的一种深沉的神秘感而告结束。对死去的,无论是伟大与平凡,所有在这个地球上走过而已逝的人，都有能取得伟大奇迹或制造可怕事件的潜力。例6.Ifparentswerepreparedforthisadolescentreaction,and