2021年新高考英语 阅读理解之说明文(江苏专用) 解析Word版

2021年新高考英语阅读理解

说明文考前押题解析版

一、阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

For many Covid patients with long-term symptoms, online support groups have been an invaluable resource.

Several groups have thousands of members. In addition to connecting patients and advocating for better care, some groups are also launching their own research efforts or collaborating with researchers. Smaller groups have formed to focus on children or patients with specific symptoms, such as heart or neurological issues.

Among the most active is Body Politic, a support group that started in late March as a small Instagram group chat. It now has more than 14, 000 sign-ups from people across the world and moved to Slack where it has organized into more than 50 channels on different topics.

The group also launched a patient-led research arm, publishing its first survey in May and currently working on another one.

Diana Berrent, a 46-year-old in Port Washington, N. Y. , founded Survivor Corps, a Facebook group and website, in late March after being diagnosed with Covid. Her original mission was to mobilize recovered Covid-19 patients to donate plasma.

The group now has more than 110,000 members and has become an advocacy group for patients dealing with long-term symptoms. The group is working with researchers and lobbying for more long-term Covid care centers.

Another popular support group is Long Haul Covid Fighters, which started on Facebook in April. Once it became clear that some Covid-19 patients weren't getting better even after three months, a second group formed in June for those earlier in their illness.

“Each group is limited to about 5, 000 members," says Chelsea Alionar, a 37-year-old long Covid patient in Keizer, Ore. , and an administrator. Ms. Alionar says there are new plans for a third group as the number of patients grows.

“Our mission is to provide support for those whose health has been affected by Covid- 19, to promote public awareness and education regarding lengthy Covid recovery, and to advocate for the medical, mental health, and social interests of long haul Covid survivors,"says Ms. Alionar.

1．What do we know about Body Politic?

A．It is the most active online support group.

B．It has attracted Covid survivors all over the world.

C．It has published its first survey in late March.

D．It works on Instagram and Slack at the same time.

2．What was Diana Berrent's initial intention of setting up Survivor Corps?

A．To cure herself of a disease.

B．To promote public awareness and education.

C．To provide support to people who have survived Covid.

D．To call on Covid survivors to contribute their plasma.

3．What can we infer from the last but one paragraph?

A．Each of the groups has at most 5,000 members.

B．Chelsea Alionar has recovered from Covid-19.

C．More online Covid support groups will be needed in the near future.

D．The number of the people who suffer from Covid-19 is on the decrease.

4．What is the passage mainly about?

A．The task and responsibility of the online support groups.

B．The support for the people suffering from Covid.

C．The ways to deal with Covid-19 in the long term.

D．The types of the online support.

【答案】

1．B

2．D

3．C

4．A

【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了几个线上的新冠肺炎长期患者的互助组织。

1．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“It now has more than 14, 000 sign-ups from people across the world… (现在已经有超过1.4万名来自世界各地的用户注册……)”可知，Body Politic吸引了世界各地的新冠肺炎幸存者。故选B项。

2．细节理解题。从第五段最后一句“Her original mission was to mobilize recovered Covid-19 patients to donate plasma.”可知，她最初的目标就是要动员康复的新冠患者捐献血浆。故选D项。

3．推理判断题。从倒数第二段“Ms. Alionar says there are new plans for a third group as the number of patients grows.( Alionar女士表示，随着患者数量的增加，第三组也有了新的计划。)”可知，随着病人数量的增长，将来可能需要更多的新的互助团队。故选C项。

4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“For many Covid patients with long-term symptoms, online support groups have been an invaluable resource.(对于许多有长期症状的新冠肺炎患者来说，线上互助组织是宝贵的资源。)”可知，本文主要介绍了几个线上的新冠肺炎长期患者的互助组织的使命和职责。故选A项。

B

What if you could give your child a special gift? A gift that was never the same, always changing? Now what if this gift was free, readily available and lasted forever?

Where do you find such a gift? It's easy: Just open your eyes and look up at the sky with your child, and you'll discover "the theatre over your heads which presents all kinds of shows," or "the art gallery above." says Jack Borden, former Boston television reporter who founded "For Spacious Skies (FSS)", a non-profit educational organization with the purpose of "stimulating and sustaining public awareness of the appearance of the sky".

Borden's big vision is to bring about "new eyes" in young children in terms of how they see the sky. But the most effective teachers and influencers of children — their parents — need to become "sky aware" themselves in order to pass the gift along.

And there's the rub.

"Could you describe the sky right now, without looking out of your window? Are there clouds? If so, what do they look like? Nine chances out of 10, you don't have a clue about the sky's appearance," says Borden. "We know that people are not looking at the sky. If they perceive the sky at all, it's in the context of the weather or astronomy."

"Sky awareness means expanding your horizons so that you begin to see that the sky is the province, not just of the weather reporter, but of the photographer, the artist, the poet, the dreamer. of the physical scientist." says Borden.

And it's the province of parents and their children.

What parent doesn't want to foster observation ability, imagination, creativity, curiosity and environmental responsibility in their children? "There's a lot to this. There's more to it than I ever dreamed," says Borden. 1．What is the special gift for children actually about?

A．A new view of the sky.B．A new relationship to nature.

C．A good relationship with parents.D．More knowledge about the weather.

2．What does Borden think of parents becoming "sky aware"?

A．It is almost impossible.B．It is still unpopular with them.

C．It is unimportant for them.D．It is quite unthinkable.

3．Why isn't the sky just the province of the weather reporter?

A．The sky has a great effect on people's daily life.

B．Many other people also show interest in the weather.

C．Many other people also play a role in weather report.

D．The sky also produces various effects for many others.

4．What does the last paragraph focus on?

A．Borden's dream.B．Advice to parents.

C．Benefits of sky awareness.D．Requirements for cloud watching.

【答案】

1．A

2．B

3．D

4．C

【分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍推荐给孩子一份免费的礼物，让孩子观察天空，以及这么做的好处。1．推理判断题。根据第三段“Borden's big vision is to bring about "new eyes" in young children in terms of how they see the sky.(博登的远大愿景是为孩子们带来“新眼睛”，让他们知道如何看待天空)”可知，就如何看天空这方面来说，博登的愿景就是在孩子身上培养对天空有新的看法。故选A。

2．推理判断题。根据第三段“But the most effective teachers and influencers of children — their parents — need to become "sky aware" themselves in order to pass the gift along.(但是，最有效的老师和孩子的影响力——他们的父母——需要自己成为“天空意识”，以便把这份礼物传递下去)”可知，孩子的父母需要对天空有足够的认识，以及第四段“And there's the rub.(这就是问题所在)”，然后根据第五段“Could you describe the sky right now, without looking out of your window? Are there clouds? If so, what do they look like? Nine chances out of 10, you don't have a clue about the sky's appearance(不透过窗户，你能立刻描述天空吗？天空有云吗？如果有的话，是什么样的？十有八九，对于天空的样子，你一点也不了解)”可推出，很多父母对于天空缺乏观察。故选B。

3．推理判断题。根据第六段“Sky awareness means expanding your horizons so that you begin to see that the sky is the province, not just of the weather reporter, but of the photographer, the artist, the poet, the dreamer, of the physical scientist.(天空意识就是要拓展你的视野，你开始认识到天空不仅仅是天气预报员的对象，也是摄

影师，艺术家，诗人，以及物理学家的对象)”可知，天空也会对其他行业产生影响，故选D。

4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“What parent doesn't want to foster observation ability, imagination, creativity, curiosity and environmental responsibility in their children? "There's a lot to this. There's more to it than I ever dreamed," says Borden. (有哪位父母不愿意培养孩子的观察能力、想象力、创造力、好奇心和环境责任感呢？“这有很多。这比我想象的要复杂得多，”博登说)”可知，本段主要讲述的是天空意识的好处。故选C。

C

The start of the U.S. Atlantic hurricane season is just over two weeks away and forecasters are expecting particularly high activity this year. With warmer than usual conditions expected in the North Atlantic this summer, meteorologists (气象学者) have predicted that the season could produce eight or more hurricanes.

While forecasters cannot predict how many hurricanes — if any — will make landfall, the potential for dangerous storms to strike the southern and eastern coasts brings an additional problem for authorities(专家) already struggling with the COVID-19.

Experts say that the COVID-19 is affecting the capabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and other organizations involved in responding to natural disasters.

Retired U-S. Army Lieutenant General Jeffrey Talley, who now leads global efforts on disaster management at IBM's Center for the Business of Government, said that with FEMA and other authorities engaged with responding to the COVID-19, resources will be limited if a hurricane strikes.

“When we look at a disaster…I think of it in terms of how we prepare for, respond to and recover from those types of events,” Talley said “Right now we’re in the middle of the response of COVTD-19. None of us are really sure how long it's going to last and how the response to disasters is going to be different, say, two months from now, six months from now, so on and so forth,” he said.

According to Talley, the COVID-19 could complicate the response to a hurricane by interrupting the flow of emergency supplies to areas where they are urgently needed at key moments.

Social distancing and stay-at-home orders will also force authorities along the south and east coast to rethink how they manage people who must leave their homes in the event of a disaster. While many states are already

lifting some lockdown restrictions, social distancing will still be important for many months to come. 1．According to Talley, how could COVID-19 influence the response to a hurricane?

A．More people will leave home to fight against a hurricane.

B．Rescue materials might not reach disaster areas sometimes.

C．Lockdown can greatly reduce damage and injury.

D．The pandemic (流行病) makes it harder to predict hurricanes.

2．What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．People throughout the country no longer need to stay at home.

B．The state governments are confident about dealing with hurricanes.

C．Authorities along the coasts will stick to the former orders.

D．It is necessary to keep social distance in the coming months.

3．What is the best title for the text?

A．More Destructive Hurricanes to Be Expected

B．More Difficult to Forecast Hurricanes Coming

C．COVED-19 to Worsen Hurricane Response

D．Social Distancing Needed in Coming Months

【答案】

1．B

2．D

3．C

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国预计今年的飓风活动会特别频繁，然而专家表示，COVID-19影响了美国联邦紧急事务管理局和其他参与应对自然灾害的组织的能力，也使应对飓风的工作复杂化。

1．细节理解题。根据第六段中“According to Talley, the COVID-19 could complicate the response to a hurricane by interrupting the flow of emergency supplies to areas where they are urgently needed at key moments. (Talley表示，COVID-19可能会使应对飓风的工作复杂化，因为它会在关键时刻中断向急需物资的地区提供紧急物资)”可知，Talley 认为COVID-19会导致救援物资有时可能无法到达灾区，从而影响对飓风的响应。故选B项。

2．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While many states are already lifting some lockdown restrictions, social

distancing will still be important for many months to come. (虽然许多州已经解除了一些封锁限制，但在未来的几个月里，保持社交距离仍然很重要)”可知，在接下来的几个月里保持社交距离是必要的。故选D项。3．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Experts say that the COVID-19 is affecting the capabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and other organizations involved in responding to natural disasters. (专家表示，COVID-19正在影响联邦紧急事务管理局(FEMA)和其他参与应对自然灾害的组织的能力)”和第一段中“The start of the U.S. Atlantic hurricane season is just over two weeks away and forecasters are expecting particularly high activity this year. (距离美国大西洋飓风季节的开始还有两个多星期，天气预报员预计今年的飓风活动会特别频繁)”以及第六段中“According to Talley, the COVID-19 could complicate the response to a hurricane by interrupting the flow of emergency supplies to areas where they are urgently needed at key moments. (Talley表示，COVID-19可能会使应对飓风的工作复杂化，因为它会在关键时刻中断向急需物资的地区提供紧急物资)”可知，气象预报员预计今年的飓风活动会特别频繁，但是新冠肺炎影响了美国联邦紧急事务管理局和其他参与应对自然灾害的组织的能力，也使应对飓风的工作复杂化。因此，本文的最佳标题是C 选项“COVID-19将恶化对飓风的应对措施”。故选C项。

D

For more than a century, student journalists at the Daily Tar Heel (DTH) have written about life at UNC-Chapel Hill, US and raised questions on the issues of free expression, education, and big-time athletics.

The independent student newspaper recently celebrated its 125th anniversary(周年). To mark the special day, student reporters asked the question: What’s the future of the DTH? The proud newspaper has been searching for the answer, and so have college newspapers across the US.

Student newspapers are facing a dark reality. As they are free to read, they are making less money than ever, meaning that such newspapers are finding it hard to survive.

Most college papers have reduced their print editions (版本). Last year, the DTH printed a paper four days a week. This year, it prints a paper every three days. And while it used to produce around 22,000 newspapers each time, it only makes around 10,000 now, said Erica Perel, general manager.

Increasingly, student journalists have turned their focus to digital versions of their newspapers, and the new ways that social media allows them to tell stories. They’ve adapted (使适应) their skills to mirror what’s going on in the professional journalism world.

“I think we’re adapting very well … in moving away from that print mentality (心态). But it’s challenging,”

said Jonathan Carter, a student at North Carolina State University.

So what should student newspapers do? LoMonte said the best solution would be for universities to financially(经济上) support student journalism.

University leaders like to talk about producing civically (公民地) responsible students, he said, and journalism is a part of that. “Colleges and universities have to recognize independent media coverage as a civic good and step up to the plate,” he said.

In the meantime, campus newspapers are figuring out their financial models as they go along.

Bruce dePyssler, adviser to North Carolina Central Universit’s Campus Echo newspaper, said his students post one story a day online. The best stories are put together for a once-a-semester(学期) print edition.

And even if student journalists don’t go into media jobs, Perel said, they’ve still had a great education.

“The number one thing that we teach is critical(批判性) thinking and how to be a lifelong learner,” she said. “ The ones who are living through this transition (过渡) are the ones that are going to be a lot stronger for it in the end.”

1．What is making it hard for student newspapers to survive nowadays?

A．Poor printing quality.B．The impact of digital media.

C．Expensive advertising fees.D．A lack of student reporters.

2．What does LoMonte suggest student newspapers do to survive?

A．Reduce print editions.B．Ask colleges for money.

C．Publish more digital editions.D．Create their own financial models.

3．How can student journalists benefit from the job, in Perel’s opinion?

A．They become good at storytelling.B．They gain problem-solving skills.

C．They become a logical thinker.D．They learn how to be a lifelong learner.

4．What’s the article mainly about?

A．The proud history of the Daily Tar Heel.

B．Student reporters adapting to changing situations.

C．School newspapers under threat in the digital age in the US

D．An example of how to combine traditional newspapers with new media.

【答案】

1．B

2．B

3．D

4．C

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国学校的校报在数字媒体时代受到威胁这一现象，并介绍了学生记者是如何适应和利用数字媒体反映新闻消息的。

1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“As they are free to read, they are making less money than ever, meaning that such newspapers are finding it hard to survive. (由于他们可以自由阅读，他们赚的钱比以往任何时候都少，这意味着这些报纸很难生存下去。)”可知，数字媒体让现在的校报难以生存。故选B项。

2．细节理解题。根据第七段中“LoMonte said the best solution would be for universities to financially(经济上) support student journalism. (LoMonte说，最好的解决办法是由大学资助学生新闻工作。)”可知，LoMonte建议学生报纸向大学要钱维持生存。故选B项。

3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““The number one thing that we teach is critical(批判性) thinking and how to be a lifelong learner,” she said. (“我们教的第一件事是批判性思维和如何成为一个终身学习者，”她说。)”可知，在Perel看来，学生记者可以从这份工作中学习如何成为一个终生学习者。故选D项。

4．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“To mark the special day, student reporters asked the question: What’s the future of the DTH? The proud newspaper has been searching for the answer, and so have college newspapers across the US. (为了纪念这个特殊的日子，学生记者提出了这样一个问题：DTH的未来是什么?这家自豪的报纸一直在寻找答案，美国各地的大学报纸也在寻找答案。)”第三段中“Student newspapers are facing a dark reality. (学生报纸正面临着一个黑暗的现实。)”和第五段“Increasingly, student journalists have turned their focus to digital versions of their newspapers, and the new ways that social media allows them to tell stories. They’ve adapted (使适应) their skills to mirror what’s going on in the professional journalism world. (越来越多的学生记者将注意力转向报纸的数字版本，以及社交媒体让他们能够讲述故事的新方式。)”可知，本文主要讲述了美国学校的校报在数字时代受到威胁这一现象，并介绍了学生记者是如何适应和利用数字媒体反映新闻消息的。故选C项。

E

Earthworms don’t move fast. But humans can accelerate the worms’ spread. Fishermen often use invasive(蔓延性的) earthworms to catch fish. Many have introduced invasive earthworms to rivers, streams and lakes previously unexposed to these animals. Gardeners who use earthworms to make their soil rich may unknowingly introduce invasive ones. The worms even give rides in the mud on wheels, potted plants and road materials shipped

around the nation.

But they’re not everywhere yet. In the Great Lakes region, “20 percent of the land is earthworm-free,” says Cindy Hale, a research biologist. Of the remaining 80 percent of land, half of the land has fewer than two earthworm species-meaning there isn’t yet too much impact on the ecosystem, she explains. For these regions, she says, now is the time to take action. According to Hale, educating the public, especially fishermen, is one approach to stopping the spread of invasive earthworms. Identifying which lands are currently earthworm-free is another.

Ryan Huefimeier, a program coordinator for Great Lakes Wom Watch, has been working on a model that will help create large maps of areas with minimal(最小的) or no damage from earthworms. Ultimately, landowners can use it to identify earthworm activity on their property. once identified, lands with minimal or no earthworm damage should be protected.

But scientists suspect that once invasive earthworms arrive they can’t be removed. And even if all could be, affected forests might never return to the way they were. “It’s very much a story of learning to live with them,” concludes Lee Frelich of the University of Minnesota’s Center for Forest Ecology.

Forest ecologists have called earthworms “ecosystem engineers” because they can change or create habitats that otherwise would not be present. Whether this is a good thing depends on the situation.

“What the earthworms do and how we value it is what really matters.” said Hale. “In one place-farm fields or gardens-we really like European earthworms and what they do, so we consider them good. In native hardwood forests, we really don’t like what they do-so we consider them bad. You really have to understand how an organism(微生物) affects an ecosystem. Things aren’t black and white.”

1．Why are fishermen and gardeners mentioned in the first paragraph?

A．To attract more people to fishing and gardening.

B．To introduce different uses of invasive earthworms.

C．To stress the importance of invasive earthworms to humans.

D．To show humans’ effect on the spread of invasive earthworms.

2．What is Hale’s advice on protecting the Great Lakes region from invasive earthworms?

A．Finding out areas free of earthworms.

B．Extending a ban on the fishing industry.

C．Making maps of areas with most earthworms.

D．Informing the public of different earthworm species.

3．What is Hale’s attitude towards invasive earthworms?

A．Objective.B．Positive.

C．Ambiguous.D．Doubtful.

4．Where is the text probably from?

A．A biology textbook.B．An official report.

C．A science magazine.D．A research paper.

【答案】

1．D

2．A

3．A

4．C

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人类活动能加速蚯蚓的蔓延范围。蚯蚓对生态系统影响很大，可以通过教育公众阻止入侵蚯蚓的蔓延，也可以确定哪些陆地目前没有蚯蚓进而采取保护措施。但生态学家认为，蚯蚓对改变或创造陆地的行为是否一件好事取决于具体情况。

1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Earthworms don’t move fast. But humans can accelerate the worms’ spread.(蚯蚓移动不快。但是人类可以加速蚯蚓的蔓延。)”可知，本段提到渔民和园艺者是以此展示人类对入侵蚯蚓蔓延的影响。故选D项。

2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“For these regions, she says, now is the time to take action. According to Hale, educating the public, especially fishermen, is one approach to stopping the spread of invasive earthworms. Identifying which lands are currently earthworm-free is another. (她说，对于这些地区来说，现在是采取行动的时候了。据Hale说，教育公众，尤其是渔民，是阻止入侵蚯蚓蔓延的一种方法。确定哪些陆地目前没有蚯蚓是另一种方法。)”可知，对于保护五大湖地区免受入侵蚯蚓的侵害，Hale认为应该要找出没有蚯蚓的陆地。故选A项。

3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““What the earthworms do and how we value it is what really matters.” said Hale. “In one place-farm fields or gardens-we really like European earthworms and what they do, so we consider them good. In native hardwood forests, we really don’t like what they do-so we consider them bad. You really have to understand how an organism(微生物) affects an ecosystem. Things aren’t black and white.”(“蚯蚓的行为以及我们如何评价它才是真正重要的。” Hale说。“在一个地方——农田或花园——我们真的很喜欢欧洲蚯蚓和它们的作用，所以我们认为它们很好。在原生阔叶林中，我们真的不喜欢它们的行为——所以我们认为它

们是有害的。你必须了解有机体是如何影响生态系统的。事情并不是非黑即白。”)”可知，Hale对入侵蚯蚓持客观的态度。故选A项。

4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Earthworms don’t move fast. But humans can accelerate the worms’ spread.(蚯蚓移动不快。但是人类可以加速蚯蚓的蔓延。)”；第二段中“But they’re not everywhere yet. (但它们还不是到处都有。)”以及下文生物学家对此现象的相关看法，可知，本文最可能出自一本科学杂志上。故选C 项。