西南地区考古文献外文翻译
Recent Developments in the Archaeology of Southwestern China AliceYao（Department of Anthropology,University of Toronto, Mississauga, Room 212 North Building,3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6,Canada e-mail: alice.yao@utoronto.ca）
Archaeological Research,2010,Volume 18,number3,Pages 203-239 Published on line:5 February 2010 SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC2010 中国西南地区考古的近期成就
考古学研究，2010，第18册，第3期，203—239页 AliceYao（人类学系，多伦多大学，米西索加市，北楼212房，3359米西索加市北路e-mail: alice.yao@utoronto.ca ）
Abstract： Archaeology of ancient China’s peripheryhas traditionally been examined through the historiographic lens of Chinese textual sources.Social developments in the periphery are often explained in relation to accounts of migration from”core”regions of China.Setting conventional paradigms and textual sources aside,this article examines prehistoric developments in southwestern China in conjunction with broader trends in Southeast Asia.This comparative approach reveals that the development of bronze metallurgy in southwestern China parallels trends observed among Neolithic communities in Southeast Asia.Using recent data and a reassessment of radiocarbon dates for the Bronze Age,I propose that sociopolitical complexity emerged in southwestern China as part of a multiregional phenomenon that had its beginning with the formalization of trade networks during the Neolithic period.
Keywords: China Neolithic BronzeAge Dianculture SoutheastAsia Dong Son culture 摘要： 传统地，关于古代中国偏远地区的考古学研究是透过中国文本资源的史学镜头来审视的。在边远地区的社会发展经常被解释在一些与从中国“核心”地区的迁移状况有关的描述中。抛开传统范式和文本来源，这篇文章结合在东南亚更广泛的趋势来调查中国西南地区的始前发展情况。这个比较的方法表明中国西南地区青铜冶铸的发展情况，在与新石器时代东南亚的平行趋势观察中。运用对青铜器时代最新数据和放射性碳的重新评估，我认为社会政治复杂性出现在中国西南地区，作为在新石器时代与贸易网络的形式相伴而生的跨地区现象的一部分。
关键词：中国新时期时代 青铜时代 滇文化 东南亚 侗族文化
Introduction 简介
In the last 20years,a wealth of archaeological discoveries and research in China has demonstrated the relevance of Chinese materials to the comparative study of ancient civilizations.Northern China,in particular the Central Plains,has played an increasingly prominent role in this international forum due to its traditional consideration as the heartland of Chinese civilization.Scholars in regions outside China’s core also have tried to take advantage of this momentum,unfortunately often following a regionalist paradigm that prioritizes their own region’s contributions to the grand narrative of Chinese”national culture”over research(Falkenha1995,p.211). 在过去20年，在中国考古发现和研究中的一个巨大财富，与古代文明的比较研究证明了中国材料的相关性。出于对传统的考虑，中国北方,尤其是中原地区, 作为中国传统文明的中心地带在这次的国际论坛中起到了与日俱增的重要作用。中国核心地区以外的学者也试图利用这一势头，不幸的是，经常跟随一地方主义范式——对于中国的“民族文化”的过度研究的宏大叙事优先作为他们自己的地区贡献 (Falkenha1995,p.211)。
For areas culturally and geographically far removed from central China,participation in this national and global discourse is not tenable(Shelach 1999,p.53).Nowhere is this more apparent than along China’s periphery,especially in regions ocupied primarily by non-Han ethnic groups:InnerMongolia,Xinjiang,Qinghai,Ningxia,Tibet,Yunnan,Guizhou,and Guangxi.Though archaeological materials in these regions have previously been used to buttress a rhetoric of multicultural unity(Fiskesjo2006;Leibold 2006),current work is gradually attempting more anthropologically oriented programs focused on local trajectories. 对于那些在文化和地理上远离中国中心的地区，参加这个民族和全球化的讨论是不会没有立足之地的(Shelach 1999,p.53)。没有什么地区比中国的边远地区更加突出，尤其是在那些主要被非汉族占据的地区：内蒙古、新疆、青海、宁夏、西藏、云南、贵州和广西。尽管这些地区的考古材料先前已经被用来支持一个多元文化统一的言论（Fiskesjo2006;Leibold 2006)，目前的工作是逐渐地尝试更多地从社会学的角度研究以当地轨迹为焦点的方案计划。在中国西南地区，在政治日益开放的背景下，这个有关考古学的转换的方法正在形成。
In southwestern China,this transformative approach to archaeology is occurring in a context of increasing political openness.Here I aim to integrate archaeological research in the region from the1960s to 2007 into a study of sociopolitical formations that occur in”nonpristine”contexts and under the influence of expanding states as well as competing neighbors.By examining how prehistoric communities in southwestern China came to adopt bronze metallurgy and technology into the regional political economy,I address the economic and social dynamics that led to the genesis of polit(ies)across the wider region.In so doing,I initiate a general departure from the main narrative by proposing alternative research agendas and orientations for border regions of China. 在这里，我的目标是将这个地区的考古学研究（从20世纪60年代到2007年）融合在社会政治形成的研究中，这种社会政治形成是在“nonpristine”背景和与邻国竞争一样的国家扩张的背景下。通过研究中国西南地区史前社会是怎样形成的，我开始将青铜冶铸技术与地区性政治经济结合起来，我关注经济和社会动态，为了在更广阔的地区进行政体成因的研究。这样做，我开始了一个从宏大叙事中进行笼统的研究起步，通过提议对中国更广阔地区的选择性研究计划和取向
从遗物遗存看黔西南古代社会变迁「在深度穿越中涨姿势！」
从遗物遗存看黔西南古代社会变迁「在深度穿越中涨姿势！」2016-09-20崔利军黔西南社科2016年第17期A版绪论：黔西南地处北纬24°40′至26°20′珠江水系上游约16000平方公里的南、北盘江流域，位于黔、滇、桂三省（区）结合部，历史上属夜郎古国重要组成部分，包括兴义、兴仁、安龙、贞丰、普安、晴隆、册亨、望谟8个县（市）和一个国家级、两个省级经济开发区以及六盘水市盘县特区，素有“三省通衢”、“滇黔锁钥”和“西南屏障”之称。
境内居住着汉、布依、苗、同、彝、仡佬、瑶、黎等35个民族，是一个多民族聚居区。
黔西南历史文化厚重，有不可移动文物1248处（已登记）、文物保护单位54处，文物藏品（含化石）18834件（套）。
其中：一级文物62件（套）、二级114件（套）、三级277件（套）。
文物调查和考古发掘发现的遗物、遗存为揭示黔西南古代社会面貌提供了丰富的实物佐证。
黔西南古代社会研究，尤其是明清以前社会研究，因史料阙如、“文献不足征”之故，常使研究者难于着手，该方面研讨性文章亦屈指可数。
就省内外研究状况言之，初步统计有七篇：上述论文均采用了考古实物与文献相互印证的“两重证据法”，一定程度上推进了黔西南古代社会研究，然仅着眼于点或局部，未从宏观上把握黔西南社会发展演变过程。
部分文章还存在脱离当时客观历史环境，表述不准、主观臆断诸多问题。
如：《交乐汉墓出土文物赏析》一文中，“巴郡守丞”释读为“小巴郡”之“郡守佐贰”（案：郡守佐贰为郡尉、郡监，秩禄“比二千石”；郡丞分为郡守丞、郡尉丞，系郡属吏，秩禄“六百石”）；《走进夜郎》释读“老鹰岩”驿道为秦汉“五尺道”组成部分（案：“老鹰岩”为清代新辟驿站）等等。
本课题在以上研究成果基础上，采取田野调查法和汪宁生先生考古实物、普通古籍、民族史料结合的“三重证据法”，利用图书馆、博物馆、计算机远程服务体系与各类工具书，搜寻查找相关实物及资料，把黔西南古代社会划分为史前文化时期、三代至西汉初期、两汉时期、三国魏晋至宋元时期、明清时期五个历史发展阶段，包括社会组织、经济状况、民风民俗、民族融合等方面内容。
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民族历史文化与对外旅游翻译_谈大理旅游资料的英译
民族历史文化与对外旅游翻译_谈大理旅游资料的英译民族历史文化与对外旅游翻译———谈大理旅游资料的英译卜绍先(大理师范高等专科学校英语系,云南大理,671000)【摘要】本文针对中英语言在表达上存在的差异,结合大理旅游资料英译的具体实例,论述了如何准确把握旅游资料中蕴涵的民族历史文化信息,并在此前提下就英译过程中如何选词、使用种种翻译技巧、补足信息等问题阐述了自己的看法。
文章同时就地方旅游翻译中存在的问题提出了自己的见解。
【关键词】民族历史文化旅游资料文化差异翻译【中图分类号】G03 【文献标识码】 B 【文章编号】1008—9748(2000)04-0072-04H istory and Culture of Minority Vs Tourism T ranslation for PublicityAbstract:In view of the differences in expression between Chinese and English,this article discusses,through exam ples in Chinese-En2 glish translation of Dali’s tourist materials,how to accurately grasp the historical and cultural in formation im plied in tourist materi2 als and thereby to choose the right w ords,use different translation techniques and bring out the im plied in formation in English ver2 sion.I t als o raises s ome views on the problems present in tourism-related translation of the local area.key w ords:history and culture of minorities;tourist materials;cultural differences;translation随着大理旅游业的快速发展,近些年来在引入外资和先进技术的同时,也迎来了大批观光览胜的海外游客。
少数民族典籍翻译中民族文化意象的传递——以土家族长篇史诗《梯玛歌》篇目英译为例
少数民族典籍翻译中民族文化意象的传递——以土家族长篇
史诗《梯玛歌》篇目英译为例
沈晓华
【期刊名称】《中南民族大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
【年(卷),期】2017(037)003
【摘要】通过土家族长篇史诗《梯玛歌》的英译分析可以发现,少数民族典籍中的民族文化意象丰富,应遵循文化导向翻译策略,灵活采用直译、释义、直译/音译加文内外注释、增益、具体化、直译加副标题、替代等英译方法,实现少数民族典籍中民族文化意象的充分有效传递.
【总页数】5页(P176-180)
【作者】沈晓华
【作者单位】中南民族大学外语学院,湖北武汉 430073
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H315.9
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