2020年中考英语策略复习 动词填空技巧

2020年中考英语策略复习 动词填空技巧
2020年中考英语策略复习 动词填空技巧

动词填空解题技巧

动词是英语中最活跃、最重要的一类词,是英语语法的核心。动词填空是历年中考中必

考的题型之一。解题关键在于准确判断句子的时态、语态和其非谓语形式。前者由句子的时

间状语或上下文语境显示;后者由动词的基本句型搭配来限定。

请看下面的一篇短文,用所动词的适当形式填空。

On Sunday morning, a strong earthquake

1 (hit) Indonesia and then big tsunamis

(海啸) 2 (follow). They soon went on to other countries in the south and Southeast Asia

as well as East Africa.

Tsunamis 3 (be) especially dangerous for children. In many Asian countries near the sea, poor kids helped their parents 4 (fish). So they were in harm's way when the

tsunamis came.

In Sri Lanka, when the first waves hit, thousands of children ca me to the seaside. Fish

5 (bring) in by the waves. The old and the young collected them. Many waited for

more. Then tsunamis six metres high hit the island of 19 million pe ople. “They got caught

and could not run to safety. This is the reason why so many childr

en 6 (die),”said a

police spokesman in Sri Lanka.

In open seas tsunamis are only one or two metres high. When t hey are near land, they are as high as 10 metres. Houses and cars near the sea can 7 (take) away by these big

waves. Because tsunamis move fast and can travel to another side of

the sea within one day, they may affect (影响) a lot of places.

What should 8 (do) when there's a tsunami? 9 (move) to a safe place. If you

are near the sea and you feel the earth

10 (shake), move to higher ground. Stay away

from rivers and streams (溪流).

那如何解答这类题目呢?

一、准确判断句子的时态和语态

1、根据时间状语确定时态

与各种时态连用的时间状语:

一般现在时:usually,often,always,sometimes,every day,on Sunday等;

现在进行时:now,at the moment,有时句前有Look!或Listen!等词提示;

一般将来时:this Sunday,next week , tomorrow , tomorrow morning,on Friday,in+一段时间等;

一般过去时:yesterday,just now,last year,an hour ago,in 1985等;

现在完成时:for+一段时间,since+时间点,in the past +一段时间,these days,recently;just ,never,ever,already, yet,before等。

如第1空,根据句首On Sunday morning可以确定应用一般过去时,即填hit.

2、根据上、下文来确定时态

有些句子没有明显的时间状语,又不能用时态呼应规则来对照,这时就可以根据上下文内容来判断时间关系,确定正确时态。

如第2空,根据and前面一句话可以确定也应用一般过去时,即填followed.

第6空,根据上下文来理解应用现在完成时,即填have died.

3、根据主从句的关系来确定时态

在主从复合句中,主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词的时态是相互照应的。

①在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去的相应时态;

②在宾语从句中,主句是一般现在时,从句可用任意需要的时态;

③在时间、条件状语从句中,若主句是一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词(can, may, must等),从句要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。

4、根据语言习惯来确定时态

在按语法规则来正确使用时态的同时,我们还必须注意时态的某些特殊用法和习惯用法。

①进行时态可用来表示即将发生的动作。例如:come, go, move, leave等;

②口语中可用一般过去时代替一般现在时,使语气变得委婉、客气或带有商量和征求意见的口吻。例如:could, might, would等。

5、永恒的真理或客观存在的状态用一般现在时态。

如第3空,这一句是表客观存在的状态应用一般现在时,即填are.

6、句子是祈使句,或在情态动词、助动词后,谓语动词用原形。

如第9空,该句是祈使句,谓语动词用原形,即填Move.

二、注意所填动词的语态

如所填动词是谓语动词,应先根据主语和谓语动词之间的主、被动关系,确定动词的语态,一般说,句子主语是谓语动作的执行者,则用主动语态。若句子主语是动作承受者,则用被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态。

如第5、7、8两空,根据主语和谓语动词之间的关系,这两处应用被动语态,即第5空填were brought;第7空填be taken;第8空填be done.

三、确定动词的非谓语形式

如果所填的动词在句子中不作谓语,那么就应考虑用动词的非谓语形式。动词的非谓语形式主要有:动词不定式、动词的-ing形式(现在分词或动名词)、过去分词等。到底采用哪一种形式,要根据习惯搭配、各种非谓语形式的用途和特点、修辞及句子结构的要求等方面来决定。

1.在be worth,be busy,what about,how about等之后用动词的-ing形式。

2.在介词之后一般应用动词的-ing形式。

3.在keep,enjoy,finish,mind等动词后用动词的-ing形式。

4.在动词decide,hope,wish,refuse,plan等之后用动词不定式作宾语,而在ask,tell,order,invite之后用动词不定式的复合结构,即“ask somebody to do something”的形式。

5.在see,hear,watch,notice,let,make等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式应省略不定式符号 to。

如第4、10空,句中所填部分分别作help、feel的宾语补足语,就是help somebody (to) do something和feel somebody do something,即第4空填(to) fish;第10空填shake.

6.在It's time(for somebody) to do something/It's very kind (nice,good) of somebody to do something/It takes somebody some time to do something的句型中使用to不定式短语作句子的真正主语。

7.“疑问代/副词(why除外)+to 不定式”结构在句中可做主语、表语和宾语。

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