生态环保类-五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类---精校解析Word版

高考英语真题阅读理解专题05 生态环保类

“生态环保”是普通高中英语课程标准话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话题。本话题包括动植物保护、生态保护、自然灾害、环境污染和保护等方面。这些话题与学生的生活息息相关，联系密切。通过对这些话题的学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。 【高考探究】 “生态环保”是高考英语热点话题，通常以阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达的形式考查。例如：2018年北京卷阅读理解C篇；2018年浙江卷阅读理解D篇；2017年江苏卷阅读理解D篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解C篇；2016上海卷阅读理解B篇；2016四川卷书面表达；2015安徽卷完形填空；2014年新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇等。 识记词汇 Ⅰ.必记单词 1.behaviour n.行为→behave v.举止，表现 2.damage n.& vt.毁坏，损害 3.destroy vt.破坏，毁坏→destruction n.破坏，毁灭 4.distant adj.远的；远处的→distance n.距离 5.effort n.努力，艰难的尝试 6.influence n.&vt.影响 7.permit vt.许可，允许；n.许可证→permission n.允许，许可 8.pollution n.污染→pollute vt.使污染 9.prevent vt.防止，预防 10.protect vt.保护→protection n.保护 11.recycle vt.回收；再循环 12.volunteer n.志愿者 13.waste vt.& n.浪费；滥用；废料 14.wave v.挥手；向……致意；n.波浪；挥手 Ⅱ.阅读识记单词 15.advocate vt.拥护，支持；提倡 16.atmosphere n.大气；气氛 17.blow vt.吹；刮；n.吹；重击 18.challenging adj.具有挑战性的 19.decrease v.减少，变小 20.decline v.减少，下降；衰退；谢绝 21.disappearance n.消失→disappear vi.消失，失踪 22.ecology n.生态，生态学 23.environment n.环境 24.evolution n.进化，演变 25.extinction n.灭绝 26.garbage n.垃圾 27.harvest n.& vt.收割，收获(物) 28.harmony n.和谐 29.irrigate vt.灌溉 30.material n.原料；材料 31.primitive adj.原始的，远古的 32.preserve vt.保护；保留，保存 33.protection n.保护 34.punishment n.惩罚 35.puzzled adj.迷惑不解的 36.radiation n.放射，放射物 37.responsibility n.责任，负责→responsible adj.有责任的，应负责任的 38.rubbish n.垃圾；废物 39.substitute vt.取代，代替 40.survival n.存活，幸存 II 高频短语 1.call on sb.to do sth.号召/呼吁某人做某事 2.cut down砍倒 3.die out灭绝 4.do harm to对……有危害 5.have disastrous effect on对……有灾难性的影响 6.live in harmony with与……和谐相处 7.prevent...from...阻止……做…… 8.run out用完；耗尽 9.take steps/measures/action to do sth.采取措施做某事 10.take/be responsibility for对……负责任 语境活用 [运用上述短语完成片段] Recently many trees in the forest 1.were cut down(被砍倒) by the farmers，which 2.did great harm to(给……带来很大危害) nature.Many animals and plants have 3.died out(灭绝).This will 4.have disastrous effect on(对……有灾难性的影响) human being.I think human beings should 5.take responsibility for(对……负责) their actions and 6.live in harmony with(与……和谐共处) nature.The government should 7.take measures/steps/action to 8.prevent them from(阻止他们) doing these things again and 9.call on(号召) them to plant more trees. III 经典句式 1.with复合结构 With the number of cars increasing fast in our city，our environment is getting increasingly worse. 在我们的城市，随着汽车数量的快速增长，我们的环境正急剧恶化。 仿写 Tori的眼睛闪着光吹嘘道，“我敢打赌，Sean两天前告诉我的。”(2016·浙江) With her eyes shining，Tori brags，“You bet I did.Sean told me two days ago.” 2.It’s (high) time that... It’s high time that we paid much attention to protecting our environment. 到了我们应该高度重视保护我们的环境的时候了。 仿写 是我该着手考虑那篇文章的时候了。 It’s time I got down to thinking about that essay. 3.过去分词(短语)作状语 Faced with this situation，we are supposed to raise the awareness of environmental protection. 面对这种情况，我们应该提高环境保护的意识。 仿写 因为被灌木丛中的蛇咬到，苏珊被送回到露营地。 Bitten by the snake in the bush，Susan was sent back to the camp. 【典例剖析】 Is there link between humans and climate change or not？This question was first studied in the early 1900s.Since then，many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997，the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012.Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020.More recently，the Paris Agreement，stuck by nearly 200 countries，also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.

70.It can be concluded from Paragraph 1 that . A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020 B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries C. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol D. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming 答案 D 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段第三至六句“Since then，many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997，the Kyoto...stuck by nearly 200 countries，also aims to limit global warming.”可知，自从20世纪早期开始人类就一直在努力减少温室气体的排放，希望能减缓全球变暖的趋势。故D项正确。 71.If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement，what would happen by the year 2100? A. The human population would increase by one third. B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist. C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets. D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached. 答案 D 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段“This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions”可知，如果各国的气体排放能够符合《巴黎协议》的要求，到2100年气温会比现在高三度。而根据第三段中的“To meet this minimum goal”可知，最小的目标是上升两度，也就是说即使各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，也达不到最小的目标。故D项正确。 72.If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive，the maximum temperature rise，since the start of the industrial age，should be . A.0.8℃ B.1.5℃ C.2℃ D.3.5℃ 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段“This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement，after a push by lowlying island nations like Kiribati，which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking.”可知，对于那些海拔低的国家来说稳定上升1.5度，就可以避免他们被淹没。故B项正确。 名师指津 1.抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络 通过阅读文章可知，本文介绍了世界各国的人们一直努力减少温室气体的排放，并设立了到2100年我们应该达成的目标以及达成目标要符合的条件。 文章具体脉络如下：