An Aspect-Aware Outline Viewer

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考研词汇unit2

be subject to / be prone to / be apt to / be liable to / be akin to / defer to / yield to
underline
v. 在…底下划线；强调
= stress / emphasize
value 【n.】价格;价值;实用性;重要性
claim 【v.】要求;声称;断言;索取
【n.】要求; 声称; 断言; 索赔; 提要求的权利；(拥有或获得某物的)权利
形近词
proclaim
v.宣布；声明；公布；明确表示
disclaim
v.放弃；拒绝承认；否认
acclaim
v.欢呼；称赞；宣布；欢呼；喝彩
词组
lay claim to：对……提出所有权要求
loneliness
n. 孤独 lonely alone
on-line
a. 线上的，在线的
off-line
a. 线下的，离线的
linen
a. / n. 亚麻布（的）
lineage
n. 血统；家系；世系 kin kinship
decline
v. / n. 下降； vt. 婉拒
incline
v. 倾斜；倾向；易于 ~ to
perspective n. 观点；(尤指受到某种思想、经验影响的) 思考方法；态度；角度；透视画法
8
individual 【adj.】个人的；单独的；独特的
【n.】个人，个体
形近词
individually adv. 个别地，单独地
反义词
collective
adj. 集体的；共同的；集合的
economic 【adj.】经济 ( 上 ) 的，经济学的

Reading for Writing

4. In your opinion, which poster is more effective? Why?
I think the “Give Ugly a Chance” poster is more effective, because the viewer will react to the ugly animal first, but then read that this reaction is part of the problem that needs to be dealt with.
Look at the posters below. Which emotions do the photos communicate?
● funny ● surprising ● frightening ●sad ●…
poster on the left I think it’s…
poster on the right
Discuss in group. What should a poster include?
title
opinions or appeals poster
description of the situation or problems
pictures / graphs
A poster should be: attractive & concise (简洁)
Write a one-sentence summary for the poster.
Don’t Make Paper with My Home: Cutting down trees to make paper destroys the natural habitat of many animals.

美术英语词汇

美术英语词汇1. 人物画figure painting2. 人物素描character sketch3. 人体画nude4. 毛笔画brush drawing5. 中国水墨画Chinese ink painting (／drawing)6. 中国画(traditional)Chinese painting7. 巨幅画像huge portrait8. 水彩画water colour painting；watercolour9. 水墨画ink painting；washdrawing10. 半身画像half-length figure(／portrait)11. 古典绘画classical painting12. 古画ancient painting13. 石版画lithograph14. 自画像self-portrait15. 全身画像full-length figure；whole-length portrait16. 版画print17. 工笔画fine brushwork18. 木版画wood-block print19. 木刻画woodcut；wood engraving20. 肖像portrait；portraiture；icon21. 拼贴画collage．22. 黑白素描sketch in black and white23. 丝网版画screen printing24. 铅笔画pencil drawing(／sketch／work)25. 裸体人物画nude26. 写生画sketching27. 写意画free sketch；freehand brushwork28. 赝品fake drawing29. 绘画drawing；painting30. 代表作representative works31. 形象image32. 花卉flower and plant33. 花鸟flower and bird34. 信笔涂抹doodle35. 草草几笔few swift strokes36. 纸裱paper mounting37. 真迹autograph38. 裱装mounting39. 装框framing40. 静物still life41. 冷调cool tonality42. 局部section43. 立体modelling44. 暖调warm tonality45. 宣传画\招贴picture poster；poster46. 城市风景画cityscape47. 风景画landscape (painting)48. 透视perspective49. 连环画picture-story book；50. 真品genuine painting51. 素描sketch52. 速写quick sketch53. 国画(traditional)Chinese painting54. 现代绘画modern painting55. 插画illustrations56. 画架上作的画easel painting57. 装饰画decorative painting58. 漫画caricature；cartoon59. 静物写生still life sketching60. 静物画still life；still61. 壁画wall painting；fresco62. 画派Schools of Painting63. 国画派别Schools of Chinese Painting64. 人物写实realistic portrait65. 山水风景landscape scenery66. 山水画landscape67. 花卉画flower-and—plant painting；flower piece68. 花鸟画flower＆bird(／flower—and—bird) painting69. 西画画法western painting method70. 主题\题材subject71. 色彩单调dull colours72. 色彩鲜艳gay colours73. 图案pattern74. 画板drawing board75. 画架drawing easel76. 画框picture frame77. 色调colour tone78. 色调变化colour value79. 均衡balance80. 模特儿model81. 调色板palette82. 批评家critic83. 艺术批评art criticism84. 策展人,馆长curator85. 策展curate86. 鉴赏appreciate, connoisseurship87. 设计师designer88. 建筑师architect89. 主题motif；theme90. 印象派impressionism91. 自然主义画派naturalism92. 表现派expressionism93. 现代主义modernism94. 野兽派fauvism95. 超现实主义画派surrealism96. 写实派realist school97. 学院派academicism98. 点彩派Pointillism99. 绘画方法painting method100.国画画法traditional Chinese painting technique美术英语●A nonrepresentational style that emphasizes formal values over the representation of subject matter.强调形式至上，忽视内容的一种非写实主义绘画风格。

DIY视频制作的英语作文

DIY视频制作的英语作文Title: Crafting Engaging DIY Video Content。

In the realm of digital media, do-it-yourself (DIY) video production has emerged as a powerful tool for content creators to engage audiences, share knowledge, and showcase creativity. Crafting compelling DIY videos requires a combination of planning, creativity, and technical skills.In this essay, we will delve into the intricacies of DIY video production and explore key elements to create captivating content.First and foremost, successful DIY videos start with a clear and well-defined concept. Whether it's a tutorial on woodworking, a cooking demonstration, or a craft project, having a specific idea in mind helps guide the production process. This concept serves as the foundation upon whichthe entire video will be built, shaping the script, visuals, and overall direction.Once the concept is established, the next step is to develop a detailed script or outline. This script acts as a roadmap for the video, outlining the key points to be covered and the sequence in which they will be presented. A well-written script not only ensures that the content is organized and coherent but also helps the presenter maintain focus and deliver information effectively.In addition to the script, attention should be given to the visual elements of the video. High-quality visuals are essential for capturing viewers' attention and conveying information effectively. This includes aspects such as camera angles, lighting, and composition. Experimenting with different visual techniques can help make the video more dynamic and engaging.Furthermore, audio quality plays a crucial role in DIY video production. Clear and crisp audio ensures that viewers can easily understand the content and stay engaged throughout the video. Investing in a good microphone and recording equipment can significantly improve the overall quality of the audio.Another important aspect of DIY video production is editing. Editing allows creators to refine their content, adding polish and professionalism to the final product.This includes tasks such as cutting out unnecessary footage, adding transitions, and incorporating graphics or text overlays. A well-edited video not only enhances theviewer's experience but also reflects positively on the creator's skills and attention to detail.Moreover, it's essential to consider the platform on which the DIY video will be shared. Different platformshave different requirements and audience demographics,which can influence the style and content of the video. For example, videos intended for social media may need to be shorter and more visually engaging, while those destinedfor instructional websites may require more in-depth explanations and demonstrations.Finally, promoting the DIY video is crucial forreaching a wider audience and maximizing its impact. This can be done through various channels, including socialmedia, email newsletters, and collaboration with other content creators. Engaging with viewers through comments and feedback can also help foster a sense of community around the video, encouraging further interaction and sharing.In conclusion, DIY video production is a versatile and effective way to share knowledge, creativity, and passion with a global audience. By carefully planning, scripting, filming, editing, and promoting their videos, content creators can craft engaging and informative content that resonates with viewers and leaves a lasting impression. Whether you're sharing a new recipe, demonstrating a craft project, or teaching a new skill, the possibilities are endless in the world of DIY video production.。

大连外国语大学《综合商务英语技能训练》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷

站名：年级专业：姓名：学号：凡年级专业、姓名、学号错写、漏写或字迹不清者，成绩按零分记。

…………………………密………………………………封………………………………线…………………………大连外国语大学《综合商务英语技能训练》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷1、Contrary to popular belief, taking a walk immediately after meals doesn’t _______ do good to our health. A ．necessarily B ．specially C ．directly D ．constantly2、—— How did you find your trip to Water Park in the summer of 2016? ——I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was ________ than I expected. A ．even much interestingB ．far more interestingC ．so far interestingD ．far from interesting3、I’m sure that your letter will get _____attention. They know you’re waiting for the reply. A ．continued B ．immediate C ．carefulD ．general4、—Our team has just narrowly won the game. I feel so relieved now. —__________! A ．Cheer upB ．Y ou betC ．What a pityD ．Well done5、— You shouldn’t have trea ted me that way.My heart is broken. — I’m sorry,Paul.I didn’t mean you. A ．hurting B ．to hurtC ．hurtD ．having hurt6、Though winters in Britain are cold and there is usually snow, there are ________ places for skiing.A ．someB ．manyC ．fewD ．a few7、---Hi, Betty, are you free at present? I have to ask you for a favor ．----_____．With pleasure ． A ．Sorry, I am busyB ．Go aheadC ．Help yourselfD ．Ask, please8、________ well for my job interview, I really had butterflies in my stomach on my way to the company I had applied to. A ．Having not preparedB ．Not having preparedC ．Not to have preparedD ．To have not prepared9、Difficulties strengthen the mind, _____ labour does the body. A ．ifB ．asC ．forD ．so10、Some experts fear that too-early ________ to computers will have harmful consequences for children’s development. A ．exposure B ．extension C ．exhibition D ．expansion第二部分阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

美术专业词汇中英对照

美术英语work 作品work of art 艺术作品masterpiece 杰作plastic arts 造型艺术graphic arts 形象艺术Fine Arts 美术art gallery 画廊,美术馆salon 沙龙exhibition 展览collection 收藏author 作者style 风inspiration 灵感,启发muse 灵感purism 修辞癖conceptism 格言派,警名派Byzantine 拜占庭式Romanesaue 罗马式Gothic 哥特式Baroque 巴洛克式Rococo 洛可可式classicism 古典主义,古典风格neoclassicism 新古典主义romanticism 浪漫主义realism 现实主义symbolism 象征主义impressionism 印象主义Art Nouveau 新艺术主义expressionism 表现主义Fauvism 野兽派abstract art 抽象派, 抽象主义Cubism 立体派, 立体主义Dadaism 达达主义surrealism 超现实主义naturalism 自然主义existentialism 存在主义futurism 未来主义abstract art:抽象派艺术●A nonrepresentational style that emphasizes formal values over the representation of subject matter.强调形式至上，忽视内容的一种非写实主义绘画风格。

★Kandinsky produced abstract art characterized by imagery that had a musicical quality.康定斯基创作的抽象派作品有一种音乐美。

abstract expressionism:抽象表现派，抽象表现主义=●A nonrepresentational style that emphasizes emotion,strong color,and giving primacy to the art of painting.把绘画本身作为目的，以表达情感和浓抹重涂为特点的非写实主义风格。

the whole composition

I. Use Roman Numerals to identify the section of your paper. (e.g. Arguments for, Arguments against, background information, biographical information, Evaluation, etc)
2. Try to find a proper thesis or theme.
3. Look at the list of facts again, eliminate those unnecessary or unimportant ones.
4. Rearrange them in a logical order, and write an outline.
1.开门见山法：
Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment. We’re all used to thinking that work provides the material things of life---the goods and services that make possible our modern civilization. But we are much less conscious of the extent to which work provides the more intangible, but more crucial, psychological wellbeing that can make the difference between a full and an empty life

dotnet专业英语词汇

catch block catch 块 catch handler catch 处理程序 category 类别 caution 警告 cell 单元格 cell padding 单元格填充 cell span 单元格跨距 challenge-response 质询－响应 check box 复选框 check constraint CHECK 约束 check in 签入 check out 签出 check state 复选状态
Airbrush 喷枪 algorithm 算法 allocation hook 分配挂钩 allocator 分配器 Alternate text 替换文字,备用文
本
animation control 动画控件 apartment-model threading 单
元模型线程
Apply Now 立即应用 apply to similar 应用到相似项 argument 参数
calling code 呼叫代码 calling convention 调用约定 calling process 调用进程 call-out interception 调出侦听 caption 标题 caret 插入符号 carriage return-linefeed 回车-换行 cascade 层叠,级联 case statement case 语句 case-sensitive 区分大小写 cast 强制转换 catalog 目录
component authoring 组件创作 Component Services 组件服务 component tray 组件栏 compose buffer 写缓冲区 composition window 撰写窗口 concatenation operator 串联运算符 concurrency 并发 Congratulations 祝贺您 connection map 连接映射 connection point 连接点 considerations 连接字符串 constituent control 构成控件 constructor 构造函数

《Stage and screen》PPT课件(第4课时)

Reading for paragraph-by-paragraph outline
Mia, a socially awkward American girl, becomes princess of Genovia when her long-absent father, the Crown Prince, dies. She’s taught how to behave perfectly. However, things get out of hand when the media gets hold of the story, putting Mia in the spotlight. On top of this, she must make a choice between continuing the normal life of a San Francisco teen and stepping up to the throne.
Presenting paragraph-by-paragraph outline
Paragraph 1: General introduction Paragraph 2: Main plot Paragraph 3: The theme Paragraph 4: Comments
Reading and Drawing a mind-map
Reading for paragraph-by-paragraph outline
The movie explores the theme of responsibility in an intelligent and humorous way. The most memorable scene is towards the end of the movie when, during Mia’s darkest moment of self-doubt, she is touched by a letter her father left her. “Courage is not the absence of fear, but rather the judgement that something else is more important than fear.” It’s one of the most unforgettable lines from the movie.

蒙太奇montage

1)/wiki/Film_editing#Methods_of_montageMethods of montageIn motion picture terminology, a montage (from the French for "putting together" or "assembly") is a film editing technique.There are at least three senses of the term:1.In French film practice, "montage" has its literalFrench meaning (assembly, installation) andsimply identifies editing.2.In Soviet filmmaking of the 1920s, "montage"was a method of juxtaposing shots to derivenew meaning that did not exist in either shotalone.3.In classical Hollywood cinema, a "montagesequence" is a short segment in a film in whichnarrative information is presented in acondensed fashion.Soviet montageMain article: Soviet montage theoryLev Kuleshov was among the very first to theorize about the relatively young medium of the cinema in the 1920s. For him, the unique essence of the cinema — that which could be duplicated in no other medium — is editing. He argues that editing a film is like constructing a building. Brick-by-brick (shot-by-shot) the building (film) is erected. His often-cited Kuleshov Experiment established that montage can lead the viewer to reach certain conclusions about the action in a film. Montage works because viewers infer meaning based on context. Although, strictly speaking, U.S. film director D.W. Griffith was not part of the montage school, he was one of the early proponents of the power of editing —mastering cross-cutting to show parallel action in different locations, and codifying film grammar in other ways as well. Griffith's work in the teens was highly regarded by Kuleshov and other Soviet filmmakers and greatly influenced their understanding of editing. Sergei Eisenstein was briefly a student of Kuleshov's, but the two parted ways because they had different ideas of montage. Eisenstein regarded montage as a dialectical means of creating meaning. By contrasting unrelated shots he tried to provoke associations in the viewer, which were induced by shocks.Montage sequenceMain article: Montage sequenceA montage sequence consists of a series of short shots that are edited into a sequence to condense narrative. It is usually used to advance the story as a whole (often to suggest the passage of time), rather than to create symbolic meaning. In many cases, a song plays in the background to enhance the mood or reinforce the message being conveyed. One famous example of montage was seen in the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey, depicting the start of man's first developmentfrom apes to humans.2)/filmterms13.html [Cinematic Terms]montage[Definition and Explanation]a French word literally meaning "editing", "putting together" or "assembling shots"; refers to a filming technique, editing style, or form of movie collage consisting of a series of short shots or images that are rapidly put together into a coherent sequence to create a composite picture, or to suggest meaning or a larger idea; in simple terms, the structure of editing within a film; a montage is usually not accompanied with dialogue; dissolves, cuts, fades, super-impositions, and wipes are often used to link the images in a montage sequence; an accelerated montage is composed of shots of increasingly-shorter lengths; contrast to mise-en-scene[Examples] the famous 'breakfast' montage scene in Citizen Kane (1941) - that dramatized the deterioration of Kane's first marriage; the ambush scene in Bonnie and Clyde (1967), the 45 second shower scene in Psycho (1960) - with between 71-78 camera set-ups for the shooting of the scene and 50 splices (where two pieces of film are joined); or the 'Odessa Steps' montage in Sergei Eisenstein's Battleship Potemkin (1925) including three successive shots of stone lions in various positions - filmed to look as though they were one lion rising to its feet and roaring in fury and anger at the massacre3)/richard/montage.shtmlMontage theoryWhat is MontageIn the infancy of film and later television, editing was not part of film making. It was staged like a piece of theatre where everything was one long take. The Lumi鑢es brothers for example worked with only one take to illustrate various stories. As the cinema evolved and more people began to create films new ideas emerged such as using different lenses. As films broke the idea of splicing film together to tell a story evolved until Sergei Eisenstein among many other editors began to explore Montage Theory.Montage literally translated from French is assembly, theprocess by which an editor takes two pieces of film of tape and combines them to emphasise their meaning. It is a method by which through two unrelated shots wemay create a third and different meaning. Visualise for example shot a which is a pumpkin and shot b which is a hammer going down. Mix both shots together and you get meaning C. Mixing the two shots together insinuates that the pumpkin will be destroyed by the hammer.In the Soviet Union directly after the Octobre revolution Soviet editors such as Dziga Vertov and Sergei Eisenstein developed a very individual style of editing. Whilst films in America where only around three hundred or more shots a film we find that soviet films had over a thousand shots. The pacing was much faster and they were pushing the limits of comprehension of the audience at the time. In Sergei Eisenstein's Ivan the Terrible we find really good examples of this with the fight between the Russians and the Teutonic nights. There are a very wide variety of shots and the action is really alive flashing from one shot to another in quick successions.Sergei Eisenstein is an important individual within the world of editing because he developed "The Film Sense" with fast editing and juxtaposition. The school of thought at the time was that shots complemented each other. If you show a person walking then the next shot should help continue the action. Eisenstein developed the idea of juxtaposition. Juxtaposition is the process of showing one thing and another which are unrelated and through combining the two they create a new meaning. Imagine that you are creating a documentary about the night life of students in a pub. You have two shots, A which is a shaker being filled to create a cocktail and shot B is someone dancing. If both shots are juxtaposed then it leads us to believe that although the two shots were unrelated in time and space the student whom we see after the shaker has had his head filled with alcohol which is why he's behaving that way.EditingFrom montage theory we will now take a look at editing in general. Editing is one of the most important parts of modern television because without it modern television would cease to exist. Whenever we watch a film or program on television we notice that each program is different. Adverts for example are very short, around 30 seconds whilst programs last 25 minutes and films may last up to four hours and more.Creating the storyThe first stage for the producer and editor is to know what is the story they are trying to tell. The story is the skeleton of the edit and helps organise the edit into chapters and topics much as in writing. In writing this document for example I begin with the general concept of editing and Montage, I then need to create an outline for the story and as the framework is created I can then add elements as the process is happening. Over a period of time a story will begin to emerge in the form of a rough cut.Rhythm and PacingRhythm and pacing are very important within edits because if we are editing a news story then it must be very fast with shots not lasting more than around 3 seconds. In documentaries though there is luxury to play around with the pacing of an edit. If we look at "War Photographer" for example we are introduced inside James Nachtway's world. The way in which the film is edited deeply affects the way in which we perceive the person whom is being shown. It takes ten minutes for us to hear James Nacthway speaking for the first time. It is feature length so we are given the luxury of watching the way in which this interesting photographer works and lives. If we take the feature film and look at it's basic structure then we may be able to edit the project down to around 25 minutes to fit within television schedules. The pacing will be much faster and more information will be given. If it is edited properly then the viewer should have the same feeling seeing a half hour version as for a 1hr 36 minutes version.When watching an action film such as Die Another Day we expect the cutting to be very fast, many shots to show various angles and to extend the action as far as possible to amaze the audience and in parts to contribute a little humour. In contrast if we were to watch Pride and Prejudice we would see far longer shots with a lower variety of shot sizes and elements.With sequences such as the helicopter sequence from Apocalypse now with the music and the huey helicopters and the firing of weapons and feeling we have right from the beginning of the film we can't help but be amazed at the beauty of the helicopter sequence. In the same way Blackhawk Down is a beautifully edited film with the descent from the helicopters into Mogadishu, the succession of shots showing the situation and the people within this situation so that we really feel something for the soldiers.JuxtapositionOne sequence which I remember well is from the series "Spaced" which aired on British television where a couple are having an argument and we see shots of the two people arguing and this is intercut with scenes from Streetfighter and each time the girl scores a victory her avatar on the game wins, everytime the guy wins his avatar is holding the upperhand. The sequence really contributes to the audience's enjoyment of the scene.。

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AnAspect-AwareOutlineViewerMichihiroHorieShigeruChibaTokyoInstituteofTechnology

1IntroductionAnaspect-orientedprogramming(AOP)isformodularisingacrosscuttingcon-cernsothatitcanbeeasilyattachedanddetachedto/fromsoftware.Becauseofthisfunctionality,AOPisoneofkeytechnologiesforenablingevolvablesoftware.However,criticshavebeenmentioningthatAOPmakesmodularreasoningdiﬃ-cultsincejoinpointswhereanaspectandanobjectareconnectedtoeachothertendtospreadoverawholeprogram.Developersoftenhaveaproblemﬁndingjoinpointsspeciﬁedbypointcutdeﬁnitionsinanaspect.Tohelpdevelopers,atoolsuchasAJDThasbeendeveloped.ForbettermodularreasoninginAOP,thispaperpresentsanewinterpre-tationofAOP,inwhichanaspectisanextensiontoanexistingmodulebuttheextensionmaybeeﬀectiveonlywhenthemoduleisaccessedfromspeciﬁcaccessormodules.Thisinterpretationshouldletdevelopersconsideranaspectisjustanextensioninthesamesensethatasubclassextendsasuperclassandoverridesomemethods.Thusdeveloperswouldbeabletothinkthateachmodulehasanexternalinterfaceandtheinternalimplementationofthemoduleisneverdirectlyaccessedbyothermodulesincludinganaspect.TosupportAOPaccordingtothisinterpretation,wehavedevelopedanEclipseplugin.ItisaprogrammingtoolforAspectJanditshowsanoutlineviewofaclasswovenwithanaspect.Itpresentshoweachmethodisextendedbyshowingjavadoccommentstakenfromthedeﬁnitionsoftheclassandtheaspect.ThistoolgivesdevelopersatotallydiﬀerentillustrationofAOPprogramsfromAJDT,whichisastandardprogrammingtoolforAspectJ.AJDTmainlyshowsthelocationsofjoinpoints(orjoinpointshadows)selectedbypointcuts.Inotherwords,itonlyillustrateswhereanaspectandanobjectisconnectedtoeachother.

2Anevent-basedinterpretationAfamouspaperbyFilmanandFriedman[2]explainedthatAOPisquantiﬁca-tionandobliviousness.Accordingtotheirinterpretation,programexecutionismodeledasasequenceofevents,suchasmethodcallsandﬁeldaccesses.Anadviceisanreactiontoanevent,i.e.ajoinpoint,selectedbyapointcut.Thus,

1classLine{Pointp1,p2;voidmove(intx,inty){:p1.setX(newX);:}:}

Figure1:ThemovemethodinLinecallsthesetXmethodinPoint.

tounderstandanAOPprogram,developersmustknowwhichevents(i.e.joinpoints)areselectedforconnectinganobjectandanaspect.Thisevent-basedinterpretationmakesmodularreasoningdiﬃcultsincemostofselectedjoinpointsarepartoftheinternalimplementationofamodule.Forexample,ifapointcutselectsajoinpointrepresentingacalltoasetXmethodwithinamovemethodinaLineclass(Figure1),thenthatmethodcallispartoftheimplementationofthemovemethodanditshouldnotbeexposedtotheoutsideoftheLineclass.Notethat,here,themovemethodisnotacalleemethodbutacallermethod.However,tounderstandthebehaviorofanaspect,developersmustknowthebodyofthemovemethodcontainsthecalltothesetXmethodanditcausestheexecutionofanadvicebody.Thereaderswouldthinkthattheencapsulationprincipleisbroken.

3Anextension-basedinterpretationAlthoughtheencapsulationprinciplemightseembrokeninAOP,itisnotreallybroken.Toillustratethisfact,wepresentadiﬀerentinterpretationofAOP.Accordingtoourinterpretation,anaspectisanextensiontoaclassalthoughitmightbeeﬀectiveonlyundersomeconditions.Thisisobviouslyacceptableifanaspectincludesanadviceassociatedwithanexecutionpointcut,whichselectstheexecutionofamethodbodyasajoinpoint.Sincetheadviceisexecutedtogetherwiththatmethodbody,theaspectcanberegardedasanextensiontothemethodbody.Notethattheextensiondoesnotbreaktheencapsulationoftheextendedmethodbodyasanextensionbyinheritancedoesnot.Theextendedmethodbodyisreusedasisorthewholebodyisoverridden.Aninterestingcaseisanadviceassociatedwithacallpointcut,whichselectstheexecutionofamethod-callexpressionatacallerside.SupposethatamovemethodinaLineclasscallsasetXmethodinaPointclassandacallpointcutselectsacalltosetX(Figure1).WeexplainthattheadviceassociatedwiththatcallpointcutextendsthebehaviorofthesetXmethodinthePointclass.Anadvicealwaysextendsthebehaviorofacallee-sidemethodevenifapointcutiscall.Itdoesnotextendacaller-sidemethod,forexample,themovemethod

2Figure2:Ouroutlineviewerforaclassextendedbyaspects(lowerpanelsur-roundedbyabluerectangle).Itshowsjavadoccommentsonbothamethodandanadvice.

inLine.Notethat,undertheevent-basedinterpretation,thatadviceisoftenregardedasanextensiontothecaller-sidemethodmove.Acallpointcutcanbecombinedwithotherpointcutssuchaswithinandcﬂow.Inthiscase,weexplainthatthebehaviorofacalleeisextendedbyanaspectonlywhenacallersatisﬁestheconditionsspeciﬁedbythoseotherpointcutssuchaswithinandcﬂow.Forexample,ifapointcutisthefollowing:

call(voidPoint.setX(int))&&within(Line)ThentheadviceassociatedwiththispointcutextendsthebehaviorofthesetXmethodonlywhensetXiscalledfromamethoddeclaredintheLineclass.Thisconditionalextensioncannotbeimplementedbysubclassing;itneedsAOP.Wesimilarlydealwithgetandsetpointcutsaswell.Theyextendthebehav-ioroftheﬁeldsthatthepointcutsspecify.Forexample,ifapointcutisget(intPoint.xpos),thenweconsiderthattheadviceassociatedwiththatgetpointcutextendsthebehaviorofthereadaccesstothexposﬁeldinPoint.Withouttheextension,areadaccesstoxpossimplyreturnsthevalueofxpos.Ontheotherhand,withtheextension,areadaccesstoxposinvolvesnotonlyreturningthevalueofxposbutalsoexecutingtheassociatedadvice.