Chapter13能力导向型教学法

【看重交际技能】
CBLT is built around the notion of CC and seeks to develop functional communication skills in learners.CBLT thus shares some features with CLT.
Background
CBE addresses what the learners are expected to do with the language, however they learned to do it.
CBE emerged in the US in the 1970s and refers to an educational movement that advocates defining educational goals in terms of precise measurable descriptions of the knowledge, skills, and behaviors Ss should possess at the end of a course of study. 为了培养学生未来生活所需的能力，能力型教育运 动极其重视学习结果而不是输入，主张将教育目标 确定为可测量的知识、技能、行为。
Theory of learning
CBLT shares with behaviorist views of learning the notion that language form can be inferred from language function; that is, certain life encounters call for certain kinds of language.
•
Grade-level Clusters.等级族群
Pre-K-3, 4-8, and 9-12. Each cluster addresses all goals and standards with descriptors, progress indicators, and vignettes specific to that grade range.
[Predicatable]
This assumes that designers of CBLT competencies can accurately predict the vocabulary and structures likely to be encountered in those particular situations that are central to the life of the learner and can state these in ways that can be used o organize teaching/learning units.
Charpter 13 Compentency-Based Language Teaching
2016.11
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
• 能力导向型教学法源于美国70年代出现的能力型教
育运动。
• 将这一方法应用到语言教学中来，教学目标就是训
练学生的输出型能力。
Background
Most Ms & As
Share features with Comminicative Language Teaching
Theory of language
CBLT is based on a functional and interactional perspective on the nature of language. • 主张建立社会语境social contexts和语言language之间
Offer: teachers have a chance to revitalize their education and training programs.
Improvements：1)the quality of assessment； 2)the quality of teaching; 3)students' learning
Features of CBLT
In Britain in the 1980s: Foreign language teaching movement Graded Objectives Movement多级目标运动 • Graded objectives是指制定的一系列短 期目标，每一个目标顺次推进，因此，学
Competency-Based Education
CBE by comparison is an educational movement focuses on outcomes or outputs of learning in the development of language programs.
Most Ms & As in this book focus on inputs to LL by improving syllabuses, materials, and activities or by changing the role of Ls & Ts for more effective LL.
ESL, which were completed in 1997.
KP142,The ESL standards
•
Three Goals and Nine Standards.
Each standard is further explicated by descriptors, sample progress indicators, and classroom vignettes with discussions
learning as performance-based instruction成果导向型 , mastery learning掌握型学习 and individualized
instruction个性化指导.
• It is outcome-based and is adaptive to the
• Reemerge in some parts of the world
• A major approach to plan language pro.
• “the most improtant breakthrough in
adult ESL”
CBLT的出现及发展
• By the 1990s:
【Whole=Part1+Part2+Part3...】
CBLT takes a “mosaic”（马赛克、拼合而成的） approach to LL in that the “whole” (communicative competence) is constructed from smaller components correctly assembled.
CBLT的出现及发展
• By the end of 1970:
• It has been widely adopted
• Language design for work-related and
survival-oriented
• Especially for adults
CBLT的出现及发展
• Revently——Reemerge
的关系
• Language always occurs as a medium of interaction and communication between people for the achievement of specific goals and purposes. 【中介性】 • 因此，能力导向型经常用于建立情景教学模式，语言 学习者通常有特殊学习需要和目的，或特殊社会角色， 而他们的语言技能可以根据这些目标被准确的预测和 决定。
life.
【日常生活场景为依据】
• Thus CBE is based on a set of outcomes that are derived
from an analysis of tasks typically required of students in
real situations.
【角色—能力—要求】
习者可以逐步实现对知识和技能的掌握。
• 在英国，这种语言学习的方式被认为是语
言学习最显著的成就之一。
Approach: Theory of language and learning
Theory of language Theory of learning
Central to both language and learning theory: “mosaic”
changing needs of students, teachers and the community.
源自文库
2、不同之处
• Competencies differ from other goals and objectives in that
they describe the S’s ability to apply basic and other skills in situations that are commonly encountered in everyday
能力导向型教学法是美国19世纪70年代兴起的 一项教育运动。能力导向型教学法提倡多方位 制定教育目标，主要从课程学习结束时学生所 必须掌握的知识，技能，行为习惯等方面。
Characteristics of CBE 1、类似之处
• CBE has much in common with such approaches to
Further development of CBLT
• The Washington D.C.-based Center for Applied
Linguistics under contract to the TESOL(Teaching English to Speakers of Other languages) organization undertook to develop the K-12 “school” standards for
• “the state-of -the-art approach to adult ESL by national policymakers and leaders in curriculum development as well”(KP141,下方)
Advocates of CBLT see it as a powerful and positive agent of change. ——Teaching & Assessment
Reasons: the clear specification of expected outcomes and the continuous feedback Beneficial effects:all levels and kinds of education and training; primary school——university, academic studies——workplace training.
Central to both language and learning theory: “mosaic”
【分解——慢慢学】
Central to both L & L theory is the view that language can be functionally analyzed into appropriate parts and subparts: that such parts and subparts can be taught (and tested) incrementally（增加地、逐渐增量地）.