水利水电中英文词库P_Z
英法西葡语对照水利水电工程专业词汇
PORTUGUÊS ESPANHOL INGLÊS FRANCÊSAbaixamento do nível da água, deplecionamento Rebajamiento delnivel de aguaDrawdown CreuxAbaixamento do nível, esvaziamento ou deplecionamento para inspeção Rebajamiento delnivel o vaciamientopara inspecciónDrawdown forinspection oremptying forinspectionVidange pour visiteAbalo premonitório Tremor premonitorio Foreshock SecousseprémonitoireAbalo sísmico; tremor de terra; terremoto Tremor sísmico Earth tremor; shake;earthquakeSecousse telluriqueAbandono da barragem Abandono de la presa Abandonment of thedamAbandon du barrageAbastecimento deáguaSuministro de agua Water supply Adduction d'eau Abatimento (concreto)Asentamiento Slump Affaissement; slumpAbertura Abertura Opening (for abarrage gate) Passe; pertuis (pour la vanne d'un barrage mobile)Abertura comcomporta; adufaEsclusa Sluice; undersluice Pertuis avec vanneAbertura das propostas Abertura de laspropuestasOpening of tenders;bid opening (Am.)Ouverture des offresAbertura de limpeza Abertura de limpieza Scour outlet; scoursluicePertuis de chasse Abertura de poços;escavação de poçosAbertura de pozos Shaft sinking Fonçage de puitsAbertura para passagem de gelo Abertura para pasajede hieloIce chute Pertuis à glaceAblação Ablación Ablation AblationAbóbada Bóveda Double arch, dome VoûteAbóbada de berço inclinado Bóveda corridainclinadaInclined barrel arch;arch barrel (Am.)Voute en berceauinclinéeAbraço (da barragem)Abrazo Overlap; wrap aroundarea; enfoldingconnection_Abrasão Abrasión Abrasion AbrasionAbsorção Absorción Absorption ImbibitionAbsorção de calda Absorción de lechada Grout take Absorption de coulisAcabador de superfície Acabadora desuperficie Finishing machine;finisherFinisseur; surfaceuseAcabamento Acabado Finishing Finition Acabamento a colher Acabado a la cuchara Trowelled finish Fini à la lisseuse Acabamento a régua Acabado a la regla Screeded finish Fini au profileur Acabamento a talocha(desempenadeira)Acabado al fratacho Floated finish Fini à la talocheAção das ondas Acción de las ondas Wave action BatillageAção de congelamento Acción decongelamientoFrost action Action du gelAceitação Aceptación Acceptance RéceptionAceitação definitiva Aceptación definitiva Final acceptance Réception définitive Aceitação parcial Aceptación parcial Acceptance of sectionor partRéception partielleAceitação provisória Aceptación provisoria Provisional acceptance Réception provisoireAceleração máxima do terreno Aceleración máximadel terrenoPeak groundaccelerationAccélération de pointedu solAcelerador de pega Acelerador delfraguado Set accelerator;acceleratingadmixture,accelerating agentAccélérateur de priseAcelerógrafo Acelerógrafo Accelerograph Accelérographe Acelerômetro Acelerómetro Accelerometer AccéléromètreAcerto dos litígios Ajuste de los litigios Settlement of disputes Règlement des litiges Acerto final Ajuste final Final account Décompte définitifAço acimentado; aço temperado; aço endurecido Acero cementado;acero templado; aceroendurecidoCase hardened steel Acier cémentéAço carbono Acero al carbono Carbon steel Acier au carboneAço de alta resistência Acero de altaresistencia High tensile steel Acier à haute limiteélastiqueAço doce Acero dulce Mild steel Acier douxAço duro Acero duro Hard steel Acier durAço inoxidável Acero inoxidable Stainless steel Acier inoxydableAcordo do engenheiro chefe da obra Consentimiento delingeniero jefe de laobraConsent of theEngineerAccord du maîtred'oeuvreAços para concreto armado; armaduras para concreto; ferros para concreto; barras de armadura; armadura Aceros para hormigónarmado; armaduraspara hormigónarmado; hierros parahormigónReinforcing bars; steelreinforcement; re-barsAciers pour bétonarmé; armatures pourbéton armé;armatures; aciers;fers à bétonAcumulação sazonal Acumulaciónestacional Seasonal storage AccumulationsaisonnièreAdensamento Consolidación Consolidation ConsolidationAdicional para risco (periculosidade) Adicional porpeligrosidadRisk allowance Majoration pourrisquesAditivo Aditivo Admixture AdjuvantAdjudicação (do contrato, da obra)Adjudicación (delcontrato, de la obra)Award of contract Adjudication dumarchéAdministração dos recursos hídricos Administración de losrecursos hídricosWater resourcemanagementGestion desressources en eauAdufa de desvio Esclusa de desvío Diversion sluiceway Pertuis de dérivation Aeração Aireación Aeration AérationAerador Aereador Aerator AérateurAfastamento das barras Abertura entre lasbarrasClear openingbetween barsEcartement entrebarreaux (vide entredeux barreaux)Afloramento(geologia)Afloramiento Outcrop AffleurementAfluente ou tributário da margem direita (esquerda)Afluente de la margenderecha (izquierda)Right (left) banktributaryAffluent rive droite(gauche)Afluente; tributário Afluente Tributary Affluent Aglomerante Aglomerante Binder Liant; liantbitumineuxAgregado graúdo Agregado (árido)gruesoCoarse aggregate Gros granulats Agregado miúdo (fino) Agregado fino Fine aggregate Granulats finsAgregados britados (artificiais); britas Agregados triturados(artificiales)Crushed aggregate Granulats concassésAgregados de origem marítima Agregados de origenmarinoMarine aggregate Granulats marinsAgregados; inertes Agregados; inertes Aggregate GranulatsÁgua adsorvida Agua adsorbida Adsorbed moisture Eau adsorbéeÁgua agressiva Agua agresiva Aggressive water Agressivité de l'eauÁgua de lavagem defurosAgua de lavado Wash water Eau de lavageÁgua de mistura Agua de mezcla Mixing water Eau de gâchageÁgua de percolação Agua de percolación Percolation water;seepage waterEau de percolationÁgua intersticial, águados porosAgua intersticial Pore water Eau interstitielleÁgua residual; águade despejo; esgotoAgua residual Wastewater Eau résiduaire Aguaceiro Aguacero Sudden shower AverseÁguas subterrâneasÁguas subterráneas Underground water;subsurface waterEau souterraine Agulha califórnia Cambiavía California California switch Aiguillage californien Ajustamento de torção Ajuste de torsión Torsional adjustment Ajustement de torsion Ajustamento no fecho Ajuste en cantilever Crown cantileveradjustmentAjustement en cléAjustamento radial Ajuste radial Radial adjustment Ajustement radial AjustamentotangencialAjuste tangencial Tangential adjustment Ajustement tangentiel Ajustamento vertical Ajuste vertical Vertical adjustment Ajustement vertical Ala do cut off;trincheira de vedaçãolateralTope de ala Wing cut off Voile au largeAla, extremidade (deuma barragem)Ala (de una presa)Wing (of a dam)Aile (d'un barrage)Alargador Escariador Reamer AléseurAlargamento Ensanchamiento Flaring EvasementAlargamento do contraforte Ensanchamiento delcontrafuerteButtress splay Evasement ducontrefortAlcatrão de hulha Alquitrán de hulla Coal tar pitch Brai de houille;goudronAlerta de cheias Anuncio de crecientes Flood warning Annonce des cruesAlimentador Alimentador Feeder Alimentation dudistributeurAlinhamento reto (entre dois meandros)Alineación recta(entre dos meandros)Straight (sectionbetween meanders)Alignement droit(entre deuxméandres)Alisador Alisador Smoothing tool LissoirAlisamento comdesempenadeiraAlisado con fratacho Floating TalochageAlma (do cabo)Alma (del cabo)Core Ame (du câble) Alma de contraforte Alma de contrafuerte Buttress web;buttress stemAme du contrefortAlojamentos de canteiro Alojamientos del sitiode obrasSite huts; siteaccomodation;lodgingsBaraquements dechantierAlta de preços Alza de precios Cost escalation Hausse des prixAlternativa de localização; local alternativo Alternativa delocalizaciónAlternative site Varianted'emplacementAltimetria Altimetría Altimetry Altimétrie Altímetro Altímetro Altimeter; heightgaugeAltimètreAltura acima do nível do terreno ou do solo Altura sobre el níveldel sueloHeight above groundlevelHauteur au-dessus dulit; hauteur hors solAltura cinética Altura cinética Velocity head; kineticheadCharge cinétique Altura crítica Altura crítica; saltocríticoCritical head Charge critiqueAltura da barragem acima do ponto mais baixo das fundações; altura máxima da barragem Altura de la presasobre el punto másbajo de lasfundacionesHeight above lowestfoundation of dam;maximum height ofdamHauteur maximale dubarrage au-dessus desfondations; hauteurmaximale du barrageAltura de evaporação do tanque Altura de laevaporación deltanquePan evaporation loss Hauteur d'évaporationsur bacAltura de precipitação Altura de precipitación Depth of precipitation Hauteur deprécipitation; lamed'eau précipitée; lamed'eau tombéeAltura piezométrica Altura piezométrica Piezometric height HauteurpiézométriqueAluvião (depósito fluvial)Aluvión (depósitofluvial)Alluvium; fluvialdepositAlluvion; dépôt fluvialAlvenaria Mampostería Masonry MaçonnerieAlvenaria de pedra arrumada Mampostería depiedra embutidaEmbedded stonepitchingPerré maçonnéAlvenaria de pedra seca Mampostería depiedra secaDry stone pitching;dry laid masonry(Am.)Perré en pierressèches; maçonnerie àjoints secsAlvenaria de pedra seca com rejuntamento; alvenaria de pedra argamassada Mampostería depiedra seca;mampostería depiedra en argamasaStone pitching withfilled jointsPerré en maçonnerieappareillée (avecjoints remplis)Alvo Blanco Target Voyant Amassamento;mistura (concreto)Mezclado; dosificación Batching GâchéeAmolecimentos dos materiais Ablandamiento de losmaterialesSoftening (ofmaterials)Ramollissement desmatériauxAmortecimento Amortiguación Damping AmortissementAmortecimento da cheia peloreservatório; propagação da cheia pelo reservatório Amortiguación de lacreciente en elembalseReservoir floodroutingAmortissement de lacrue dans le réservoirAmortecimento modal Amortiguación modal Modal damping Amortissement modalAmortecimento, propagação (de enchente)Amortiguación,propagación (decrecida)Routing (flood)Amortissement,propagation (de crue)Amortização Amortización Amortization Amortissementfinancier (action) Amostra indeformada Muestra no deformada Undisturbed sample Echantillon nonremaniéAmostra intacta Muestra intacta Intact sample Echantillon intactAmostrador de sedimentos Muestrador desedimentosSilt sampler TurbidisondeAmostragem comtestemunhoMuestreo con testigo Coring Carottage Amplitude Amplitud Range AmplitudeAmplitude de variação da queda Amplitud de variaciónde la caída (salto)Range of head Variation de la chuteAmplitude do abaixamento do nível da água Amplitud delrebajamiento del níveldel aguaDrawdown range Amplitude dumarnageAnálise de risco Análisis de riesgo Risk analysis Calcul du risque,analyse de risqueAnálise dos gráficos Análisis de los gráficos Graphical derivation(of results from data);review of graphs Depouillement graphiqueAnálise dos resultados (cálculo dos erros)Análisis de losresultados (cálculo deerrores)Analysis of results(evaluation of errors)Analyse des résultats(évaluation deserreurs)Análise granulométrica AnálisisgranulométricoParticle size analysis;size analysis (Am.)AnalysegranulométriqueAnálise pelo espectro de resposta Análisis por elespectro de larespuestaResponse spectraanalysisAnalyse par spectrede réponseAnálise por casca Análisis por la cáscara Shell analysis Calcul suivant unecoqueAncoragem com gancho Anclaje por doblado Anchorage obtainedby bent barAncrage par courbure(avec ligature)Ancoragem de rocha Anclaje de la roca Rock bolting; rockanchorBoulonnage du rocher Andaime Andamiaje Scaffolding; falsework EchafaudageAnel de drenagem Anillo de drenaje Seepage collar Collier d'arrét defuitesAnfibolito Anfibolito Amphibolite AmphiboliteÂngulo de atrito interno (ângulo de cisalhamento)Ángulo de rozamientointerno (ángulo decorte)Angle of internalfrictionAngle de frottementinterne (angle decisaillement)Ângulo de convergência Ángulo deconvergenciaAngle of convergence Angle de convergenceÂngulo de divergênciaÁngulo de divergencia Angle of divergence Angle de divergence Ângulo de repouso Ángulo de reposo Angle of repose; angleof restAngle de talus naturel Anidrite Anhidrita Anhydrite AnhydriteAno de conclusão Año de conclusión Year of completion Année d'achèvementAno de precipitação média Año de precipitaciónmediaYear of averagerainfallAnnée de précipitationmoyenneAno seco Año seco Dry year Année sèche Ano úmido; anochuvosoAño húmedo Wet year Année humideAnteprojeto; projeto sumário Anteproyecto Preliminary design Avant-projet; avant-projet sommaireAparelho de medir carga de eixo Medidor de carga porejeAxle-load meter Appareil de mesure decharge d'essieuAparelho medidor deneveMedidor de la nieve Snow gauge NivomètreAparelho para ensaio de adensamento Consolidómetro Consolidometer;oedometerConsolidomètre;OedomètreAparelhos topográficos Instrumentostopográficos Survey instruments AppareilstopographiquesApreciação das propostas (licitação)Evaluación de laspropuestasEvaluation of the bidsÉvaluation des offresApresentação gráfica dos resultados Presentación gráficade los resultadosGraphical presentationof resultsPrésentationgraphique desrésultatsAprovação de um projeto Aprobación de unproyectoProject approval Approbation d'unprojetAproveitamento (conjunto das obras terminadas ou em construção)Aprovechamiento(conjunto de obrasterminadas o enconstrucción)Development; project(under construction)Aménagement(ensemble desouvrages terminés ouen cours deconstruction)Aproveitamento de alta queda Aprovechamiento decaída altaHigh head scheme Aménagement dehaute chuteAproveitamento de baixa queda Aprovechamiento decaída bajaLow head scheme Aménagement debasse chuteAproveitamento de queda média Aprovechamiento decaída mediaMedium head scheme Aménagement dechute moyenneAproveitamento hidrelétrico AprovechamientohidroeléctricoHydroelectricdevelopmentAménagementhidroelectriqueAproveitamentohidrelétrico reversível, usina reversível Aprovechamiento porbombeoPumped storageschemeAménagement depompageAquífero (camada)Acuífero (camada)Aquifer (stratum)Aquifère (couche) Aquisição de dados Adquisición de datos Data acquisition Acquisition desdonnées; recueil desdonnéesArco Arco Arc (line), arch(structure)ArcArco articulado Arco articulado Articulated arch;hinged archArc articuléArco ativo Arco activo Active arch Voûte activeArco circular Arco circular Circular arc Arc circulaireArco de curvatura variável Arco de curvaturavariableVariable curvaturearchArc à courburevariableArco de vários centros Arco de varios centros Multi-centred arch Arc à plusieurscentresArco engastado Arco encastrado Fixed arch Arc encastréArco inclinado Arco inclinado Inclined arch Arc incliné; arcplongeantArco independente Arco independiente Independent arch Arc indépendant Ardósia Pizarra Slate ArdoiseÁrea de armazenamento da comporta ensecadeira Área dealmacenamiento detableros de stoplogStoplog storage site Aire de stockage desbatardeauxÁrea de empréstimo Área de préstamo Borrow area Zone d'empruntÁrea de montagem Área de montaje Erection area;erection anddismantling bay;assembly area Travée de montage; travée de montage et de démontageÁrea do lagoÁrea del lago Water surface area;lake area Surface du plan d'eau; superficie du pland'eauÁrea do reservatório Área del embalse Reservoir area Surface de la retenue;superficie de laretenueÁrea para lazer Área de recreación Recreation area;leisure área Zone de loisirs; aire de loisirs (sans construction)Área submersaÁrea sumergida Submerged area;flooded areaSurface submergée Areia Arena Sand SableAreia movediça Arena movediza Quick sand (Am.) Sable boulant Arenito (grés)Arenisca Sandstone GrèsArgamassa Mortero Mortar MortierArgamassa de recobrimento da junta Mortero derecubrimiento dejuntaBedding mortar Mortier de repriseArgamassa de resina Agregado de resina;mortero de resinaResin mortar Mortier de résine Argila Arcilla Clay ArgileArgila dispersiva Arcilla dispersiva Dispersive clay Argile dispersive;argile défloculée Argila expansiva Arcilla expansiva Swelling clay;expanding clayArgile gonflanteArgila finamente estratificada Arcilla finamenteestratificadaVarved clay(lacustrine)Argile varvée(lacustre)Argila finamente estratificada (marinha ou lacustre) Arcilla finamenteestratificada (marinao lacustre)Finely stratified clay(marine or lacustrine)Argile finement litée(marine ou lacustre)Argila floculada Arcilla floculada Flocculated clay Argile floculée Argila gorda (plástica)Arcilla gorda Fat clay Argile grasse Argila lacustre Arcilla lacustre Lacustrine clay Argile lacustre Argila magra Arcilla flaca Lean clay Argile maigre Argila marinha Arcilla marina Marine clay Argile marineArgila orgânica (de origem)Arcilla orgánica (deorigen)Organic clay Argile organiqueArgila residual Arcilla residual Residual clay Argile résiduelle Argila variegada Arcilla variegada Mottled clay;variegated clayArgile bigarrée Argilito Argilita Argillite ArgiliteArmadura de costura Armadura de costura No English equivalent(includes dowel barsand nominalreinforcement)Aciers de coutureArmadura de distribuição Armadura dedistribuciónDistributionreinforcementLigatureArmadura de espera; ferro ou barra de espera; arranque Armadura de espera Starter bars; dowelbarsFers en attente; aciersen attente; aciers decouture de repriseArmadura de pele Armadura de piel Crack controlreinforcementFerraillage de peauArmadura frouxa ou passiva (concreto protendido) Armadura floja opasiva (hormigónpretensado)Secondaryreinforcement(prestressed concrete)Armatures passives(précontrainte)Armaduras Armaduras Reinforcement FerraillageArmaduras de alta aderência Armaduras de altaadherenciaHigh bond reinforcingbars; deformed barsArmatures à hauteadhérenceArmaduras de alta aderência (creneladas ou nervuradas)Armaduras de altaadherencia(almenadas onervuradas)Hot rolled deformedbars (ribbed)Barrages à hauteadhérence créneléesou nervuréesArmaduras de alta aderência (torcidas)Armaduras de altaadherencia (torcidas)Hot rolled deformedbars (twisted andribbed)Barrages à hauteadhérence en acierécrouiArmaduras lisas Armaduras lisas Plain reinforcing bars;hot rolled steel bars(plain)Ronds lisses; ronds à bétonArmaduras longitudinais ArmaduraslongitudinalesLongitudinalreinforcementArmatureslongitudinalesArmaduras principais Armaduras principales Main reinforcement Armatures principalesArmaduras secundárias ArmadurassecundariasDistributionreinforcementArmaturessecondairesArmaduras transversais ArmadurastransversalesTransversereinforcementArmaturestransversalesArmazenamento Almacenamiento Storage Remplissage (état);stockage;accumulationArmazenamento de neve Almacenamiento denieveSnow storage Réserve de neigeArmazenamento de nutrientes nos reservatórios Almacenamiento denutrientes en losembalsesRetention of nutrientsby reservoirs;entrapment ofnutrients byreservoirs (Am.)Stockage d'élémentsnutritifs dans lesréservoirsArrancamento de estacas Arrancamiento deestacasExtraction (of piles)Arrachage (des pieux)Arranjo paisagístico Disposiciónpaisajística Landscaping (action)Aménagement desabordsArticulação, rótula Articulación Articulation; hinge ArticulationÁrvore de falhas (na análise de risco)Arbol de fallas (en elanálisis de riesgo)Fault tree Arbre de défaillancesAsfalto Asfalto Asphalt (mixture ofasphaltic cement andmineral matter, or anaturally occurringmaterial)AsphalteAssentadores de tubos Asentadores de tubos Pipe laying machine;pipe-layerPose-tubesAssinatura do contrato Firma del contratoSigning of the contractSignature du marchéAssistente do chefe do projeto Asistente del jefe del proyecto Assistant of project manager; assistant ofengineer's representativeConducteur detravaux (côté maître d'oeuvre)Assoreamento Colmataje Aggradation;sedimentation; siltation; siltingRemblaiementAssoreamento comareiaColmataje con arena Accretion of sand Ensablement Assoreamento com lodo Colmataje con lodo Siltation; silting; filling with mud EnvasementAterro Terraplén Fill, embankmentRemblai (de n'importe quelle sorte, y compris lecomblement d'une dépression naturelle)Aterro a meia encosta Terraplén llenandomedia laderaHillside fill Remblai à flanc de coteauAterro cruzando vale Terraplén cruzandovalleCross-valley fill Remblai en travers de valléeAterro de material não selecionado Terraplén de material no seleccionado Random fill Remblai tout-venant Aterro de material selecionado Terraplén de material seleccionado Selected fill Remblai en matériaux sélectionnésAterro de pedras secas Terraplén de piedras secas Dry stone fill Remblai en pierres sêchesAterro experimental TerraplénexperimentalTrial embankment Remblai d'essai Aterro fechando vale Terraplén cerrandovalleValley fill Remblai decomblement de vallée Aterro inicial Terraplén inicial Starter damRemblai d'amorce Aterro lançado (não compactado)Terraplén no compactado Dumped fill Remblai déverséAterro na cumieira Terraplén en lacumbreRidge fillRemblai sur arête Ativo (contabilístico)Activo (contable)Asset (accounting)Actif (comptabilité)Ato de retirar água Acto de retirar aguaWithdrawal (from a reservoir)Prélèvement;déstockage; vidange (jusqu'au niveau minimal Atraso AtrasoDelay RetardAtritoRozamientoFrictionFrottementAtrito interno Rozamiento interno Internal friction Frottement interne Aumento daresistência com a deformaçãoAumento de la resistencia con la deformaciónStrain hardeningEcrouissageAumento do nível nutriente Aumento del nível de nutrientes Nutrient enrichmentAccroissement du niveau trophique (nutritif)Auscultação; monitoramento Auscultación; monitoreoMonitoring Auscultation AutomaçãoAutomatizaciónAutomationAutomatisationAutoridade responsável pelo controle Autoridad responsablepor el controlGovernmental controlauthorityAutoritégouvernementale decontrôleAvaliação econômica de um projeto Evaluación económicade un proyectoEconomic evaluationof a projectCalcul de la valeuréconomique d’unprojetAvaria Avería Breakdown PanneAbandono da barragem Abandono de la presa Abandonment of thedamAbandon du barrageAbertura Abertura Opening (for abarrage gate) Passe; pertuis (pour la vanne d'un barrage mobile)Abertura das propostas Abertura de laspropuestasOpening of tenders;bid opening (Am.)Ouverture des offresAbertura de limpeza Abertura de limpieza Scour outlet; scoursluicePertuis de chasse Abertura de poços;escavação de poçosAbertura de pozos Shaft sinking Fonçage de puitsAfastamento das barras Abertura entre lasbarrasClear openingbetween barsEcartement entrebarreaux (vide entredeux barreaux)Abertura para passagem de gelo Abertura para pasajede hieloIce chute Pertuis à glaceAblação Ablación Ablation AblationAmolecimentos dos materiais Ablandamiento de losmaterialesSoftening (ofmaterials)Ramollissement desmatériauxAbrasão Abrasión Abrasion AbrasionAbraço (da barragem)Abrazo Overlap; wrap aroundarea; enfoldingconnection_Absorção Absorción Absorption ImbibitionAbsorção de calda Absorción de lechada Grout take Absorption de coulis Empolamento Abultamiento Bulking Foisonnement Acabamento Acabado Finishing FinitionAcabamento a colher Acabado a la cuchara Trowelled finish Fini à la lisseuse Acabamento a régua Acabado a la regla Screeded finish Fini au profileur Acabamento a talocha(desempenadeira)Acabado al fratacho Floated finish Fini à la talocheAcabador de superfície Acabadora desuperficie Finishing machine;finisherFinisseur; surfaceuseFalésia Acantilado Cliff FalaiseAção de congelamento Acción decongelamientoFrost action Action du gel Ação das ondas Acción de las ondas Wave action BatillageAceleração máxima do terreno Aceleración máximadel terrenoPeak groundaccelerationAccélération de pointedu solAcelerador de pega Acelerador delfraguado Set accelerator;acceleratingadmixture,accelerating agentAccélérateur de priseAcelerógrafo Acelerógrafo Accelerograph Accelérographe Acelerômetro Acelerómetro Accelerometer Accéléromètre Aceitação Aceptación Acceptance RéceptionAceitação definitiva Aceptación definitiva Final acceptance Réception définitive。
水利水电英语课文翻译
水利水电英语课文翻译水利水电英语课文翻译课文翻译需要掌握一定的词汇和技巧，当然英语课文翻译可以帮助提高学生的英语水平。
以下是店铺整理的水利水电英语课文翻译，欢迎阅读。
水利水电英语课文翻译1：Lesson 1 importance of water 水的重要性Water is best known and most abundant of all chemical compounds occurring in relatively pure form on the earth‘s surface. Oxygen, the most abundant chemical element, is present in combination with hydrogen to the extent of 89 percent in water. Water covers about three fourths of the earth's surface and permeates cracks of much solid land. The Polar Regions are overlaid with vast quantities of ice, and the atmosphere of the earth carries water vapor in quantities from 0.1 percent to 2 percent by weight. It has been estimated that the amount of water in the atmosphere above a square mile of land on a mild summer day is of the order of 50,000 tons.在地球表面以相对纯的形式存在的一切化合物中，水是人们最熟悉的、最丰富的一种化合物。
水利水电中英文词库H_O
中间层,间层作用 裂隙间距 拱内侧面 层内夹层 禀性曲线,固有曲线,包络线,包线 岩体的固有性质 固有强度曲线 钻孔检视仪 侵入 侵入构造 侵入岩体 侵入体 侵入岩 洪(水)泛(灌)渠 铟钢,不胀钢 铟钢杆 不变量 倒转,转变 地形倒置,地形倒转 倒转点,转变点 倒转褶皱 倒转层位 砂质排水反滤层 勘测设计院 勘测设计研究院 铁矿 氧化铁 黄铁矿 不可逆变形 不可恢复变形,永久变形 灌溉 灌溉配水系统 灌溉工程 侵入脉 侵入岩 等差线 等下沉线 等岩线,等体积线 等色线 等斜断层 等倾线 地下等温线 等高线 等厚线 等压线 等震线 等压线,等应力线 等温线 同位素测定 均质,各向同性 各向同性的,均质的 均质的,各向同性的 均质体,各向同性体 各向同性介质 各向同性
SsYh_KU English ice avalanche ice cake ice cascade ice cavern ice cliff ice flow ice in river ice laid drift ice load ice lobe ice mountain ice pressure ice sheet ice-scarpe iceland spar identification and authentication igneous igneous magma igneous rock illite imbricate imbricate fault imbricate structure imbricated model imbricated structure impact impact flexural strength impact load impedance imperfections imperfectly elastic media impermeable barrier impermeable layer impermeable rock impermeable seam impermeable stratum impermeable zone impervious bed impervious blanket impervious break impervious curtain imperviousity impotable water impregnated rock impregnation impressed voltage improvement impulse wheel in advance in many cases in phase in situ in situ permeability test in situ test Chinese 冰崩 冰块 冰瀑 冰洞 冰崖 冰流 河冰 冰碛 冰荷载 冰舌 冰山 冰压力 冰层 冰蚀 冰洲石(方解石) 身份认证 火成的 岩浆 火成岩 伊利石 迭瓦状,复瓦状 迭瓦断层 迭瓦构造 迭瓦模型 迭瓦构造 冲击 冲击弯曲强度 冲击荷载 阻抗 不完整性,缺陷 非完全弹性介质 不透水层 不透水层 不透水岩 不透水层 不透水层 不透水区 不透水层 不透水铺盖 不透水的夹层 不透水帷幕 不透水性 不宜饮用水 饱和岩石,浸染岩石 浸染,饱和 外加电压 改进 冲击式水轮 预(事)先;在前头 在许多情况下 同相 现场,原地,原位 原地渗透试验 现场试验
英语专业名词(水利方面)
英语专业名词(水利方面)hydrosphere水体water body水科学water science水文学hydrology陆地水文学land hydrology应用水文学applied hydrology工程水文学engineering hydrology地表水surface water地下水groundwater水汽water vapour水文要素hydrologic elements降水precipitation雨季rainy season雪snow积雪snow cover初雪first snow终雪latest snow融雪snowmelt冰雹hail截留interception填洼depression detention地面滞留surface detention陆面蒸发evaporation of land水面蒸发evaporation of water surface 土壤蒸发evaporation from soil散发（植物蒸腾）transpiration蒸发能力evaporation capability下渗（入渗）infiltration稳渗steady infiltration下渗能力infiltration capability河川径流river runoff降雨径流rainfall runoff暴雨径流storm runoff融雪径流snowmelt runoff枯季径流dry season runoff基流base flow洪水flood阴塞高压blocking high低空急流low－level jet低涡vortex反气旋（高压）anticyclone气旋（低压）cyclone热带气旋tropic cyclone热带低压tropic depression热带风暴tropic storm强热带风暴severe tropic storm 台风typhoon气团air mass锋（锋面）front天气weather气象meteorology气候climate气候区划climatic regionalization 气候带climatic zone气候变化climatic change小气候microclimate热带tropic zone副热带（亚热带）subtropic zone 比湿specific humidity风wind风向wind direction风速wind speed蒲福风级Beaufort wind scale露dew露点dew point雾fog霜frost霜点frost point初霜first frost终霜latest frost霜冻frostbite无霜期frost－free period流域watershed (basin)流域面积（集水面积）drainage area闭合流域enclosed basin不闭合流域non－enclosed basin闭流区（内流区）bling drainage area分水线（分水岭）divide流域特征basin characteristics流域几何特征basin geometric characteristics 河道复流（河道再生）resurgence常年河perennial stream间歇河intermittent stream悬河（地上河）elevated stream夺流河（断头河）captured river盈水河gaining stream亏水河losing stream暴洪河流flashy stream地下暗河（地下河）underground river 界河boundary river国际河流international river废河道（古河道）dead river岸bank左岸left bank右岸right bank凹岸concave bank凸岸convex bank岸壁land wall水边线（岸线）water line堤防levee河长river length河弯river bend弯曲率tortuosity航道navigable channel河段reach上游upstream潜洲submerged bar深潭deep pool水利学hydraulics明渠水力学open channel hydraulics水静力学hydrostatics水动力学hydrodynamics明渠水流open channel flow恒定流steady flow非恒定流unsteady flow均匀流（等速流）uniform flow非均匀流（变速流）non－uniform flow 急流supercritical flow缓流subcritical flow异重流density current临界流critical flow临界水深critical depth临界流速critical velocity临界流量critical discharge水头head位置水头（位能）elevation head 低强水头（压能）pressure head 流速水头（动能）velocity head 雷诺数Reymold number韦伯数Weber number水力因素hydraulic factor湿周wetted perimeter水力半径hydraulic radius宽深比width－depth ratio中泓线midstream of channel深泓线Thatweg落差fall瀑布waterfall波浪wave驻波standing wave移动波translation wave河流动力学river dynamics河流泥沙river sediment泥沙特征property of sediment土壤侵蚀soil erosion水力侵蚀water erosion山洪侵蚀torrential erosion流域侵蚀basin erosion流域产沙量watershed sediment yield 溶解性总固体total dissolved solids 离子含量ion concentration离子总量total ion concentration离子流量ion discharge矿化度mineral content盐度salinityPH值ph value碱度alkalinity酸度acidity酸雨acid rain电导率electric conductivity混浊度（浊度）turbidity总需氧量total oxygen demand溶解氧dissolved oxygen需氧量oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand滑雪需氧量chemical oxygen demand硬度hardness非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度）non－carbonate hardness 硬水hard water浮冰floating ice锚冰anchor ice封冻期freeze－up period封冻（封河）freeze－up平封flat freeze－up立封upright freeze－up冰盖ice cover连底冻grounded ice cover冰丘ice mound封冻冰缘ice edge of freeze－up清沟lead初生清沟primary lead再生清沟secondary lead冰花路毡sludge road felt冰上覆雪snow cover over ice冰脊ice ridge冰缝crack悬冰suspended ice cover冰堆ice pack冰塞ice jam冰上结冰aufeis解冻期break－up period冰变色color change of ice cover冰上有水accumulation of melt water 月中天lunar transit引潮力tidal generation force天文潮astronomic tide气象潮metorologic tide潮汐周期tidal cycle半日潮semidiurnal tide全日潮diurnal tide混合潮mixed tide大潮spring tide小潮neap tide中潮moderate tide太阴月lunar day潮期duration of tide涨潮历时duration of tidal rise落潮历时duration of tidal fall潮流tidal current涨潮流flood tidal current落潮流ebb tidal current憩流slack tide潮流速tidal velocity往复流reversing current旋转流rotary current潮流期duration of tidal current涨潮流历时duration of flood current地下水径流groundwater runoff地下水流速velocity of groundwater flow地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）hydraulic gradient of groundwater地下水等水位线图water－table contour map 含水层aquifer含水岩系water－content rock series含水岩组water－content rock formation含水岩性water－content rock property含水介质water－hearing medium均匀介质homogeneous medium非均匀介质inhomogeneous medium含水层边界aquifer boundary透水边界permeable boundary隔水边界confining boundary弱透水边界acquitted boundary透水层permeable bed隔水层confining bed弱透水层acquitter水文地质参数hydrogeological parameters渗透系数permeability coefficient导水系数(释水系数）coefficient of transmissivity贮水系数storativity水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）coefficient of water table conductivity压力传导系数coefficient of pressure conductivity持水度water－holding capacity土壤水分常数soil moisture constants土壤吸湿系数absorption coefficient of soil moisture凋萎系数wilting coefficient田间持水量field capacity毛管断裂含水量moisture content at capillary rupture最大水分吸水量maximum molecular moisture content零通量面法zero flux plane method潜水phreatic water降水入渗补给precipitation recharge降水入渗补给系数coefficient of precipitation recharge地表水补给surface water recharge凝结水补给condensation recharge侧向补给lateral recharge越流补给leakage recharge灌溉补给系数irrigation recharge coefficient of groundwater潜水蒸发phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发临界深度critical depth of phreatic water evaporation潜水溢出量phreatic water overflow to surface潜水位phreatic water level潜水埋深buried depth of phreatic water level潜水含水层厚度thickness of phreatic water aquifer内流湖endorheic lake淡水湖fresh lake咸水湖salt lake盐湖saline lake季节性湖泊seasonal lake富营养湖泊eutrophic lake贫营养湖泊poornutrient lake湖流lake current梯度流gradient current漂流current of friction湖浪lake wave湖泊波漾（假湖）lake seiche湖泊增减水lake wind denivellation湖泊资源lake resources湖泊率lake ratio湖泊补给系数recharge coefficient of lake 湖泊换水周期lake residence period湖盆lake basin湖面高程elevation of water level in lake 岛屿率insulosity湖泊分层lake layering正温层direct thermal stratification逆温层inverse thermal stratification湖泊形态参数morphometric parameter of lake 高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽）main level mire中位沼泽（中营养沼泽）medium level mire 沼泽水文mire hydrology沼泽水量平衡water balanceof mire沼泽水mire water沼泽蒸发mire evaporation沼泽径流mire runoff沼泽表面流surface flow of mire沼泽表层流surface layer flow of mire沼泽含水性moistureproperty of mire沼泽持水性water retention of mire沼泽透水性perviousness of mire沼泽率mire ratio冰川glacier山地冰川（山岳冰川）mountain glacier谷冰川valley glacier宽尾冰川broad－tail glacier冰斗冰川cirque glacier悬冰川hanging glacier贯通冰川（山麓冰川）penetrating glacier冰原ice field冰川平衡线equilibrium line of glacier委托观测entrust gauging水文仪器hydrologic instrument直读仪器direct－reading instrument自记仪器automatic－recording instrument遥测仪器remote telemetry unit传感器sensor固态存贮器solid storage计数器counter记录器recorder显示器display unit平均无故障工作时间mean time between failures 相应水位equivalent stage水文测站hydrometric station基本站basic station辅助站auxiliary station专用站special station水文试验站hydraulic experimental station基准水文站bench mark hydrologic station水文气象站hydrometeorology station巡测站tour gauging station水文站gauging station雨量站网rain gauging network水面蒸发站网water surface evaporation network水位站网stage gauging network泥沙站网sediment gauging network水质站网water quality network地下水观测井网groundwater voservation well network 站网规划hydrologic network planning水文分区hydrologic regionalization站网布设network layout站网分析network analysis站网检验network examination站网优化network optimization站网调整network adjustment站网密度network density现实密度real density可用密度usable density容许最稀站网minimum network设站年限station required age水文信息hydrologic information水文效益hydrologic benefit基面datum临时水准点temporary benchmark测验断面measuring cross－section基本水尺断面basic gauge cross－section流速仪测流断面current－meter measuring cross－section 浮标测流断面float measuring cross－section比降水尺断面slope measuring cross－section辅助水尺断面secondary gauging cross－section临时测流断面temporary measuring cross－section水文缆道hydrometric cableway悬索缆道suspended cableway悬杆缆道suspended rod cableway机动缆道motorized cableway手动缆道hand－operating cableway主索main cable循环索loop cable起重索suspension cable水文缆车hydrometric cable car吊船过河索cableway for anchoring boat缆道测验仪cableway measuring device水文测船hydrometric boat水文测桥hydrometric bridge桥测车gauging vehicle on bridge水文巡测车tour gauging vehicle for hygrometry 雨量器raingauge承水器raingauge receiver量杯measuring glass渠积雨量器accumulative raingauge雨量计rainfall recorder虹吸式雨量计siphon rainfall recorder翻斗式雨量计tipping－bucket rainfall recorder长期雨量计long－term rainfall recorder遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorder测雨雷达precipitation－monitoring radar雪量线snow gauge雨雪量计rain and snow recorder蒸发量evaporation蒸发量观测evaporation observation蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporation 遮挡率screen ratio蒸发器evaporation pan小型蒸发器（蒸发皿）small evaporation panE－601型蒸发器evaporation pan of type E－601漂浮蒸发器floating evaporation pan蒸发计evaporimeter遇测蒸发计telemetering evaporimeter钩形水尺hook gauge最高水位水尺crest stage gauge校核水尺check gauge基本水尺断面basic gauge辅助水尺断面auxiliary gauge比降水尺断面slope gauge临时水尺temporary gauge水位计stage gauge自记水位计stage recorder浮子式水位计float－type stage recorder压力式水位计pressure－type stage recorder超声波水位计ultrasonic stage recorder遥测水位计telemetering stage recorder接触试水位计contact－type stage recorder远传水位计telecontrol stage recorder自记水位计台stage recorder installation静水井stilling well水深depth测得水深measured depth有效水深effective depth相对水深relative depth断面平均水深mean depth at a cross－section干绳改正air line correction湿绳改正wet line correction测点流速velocity measurement测速垂线surface velocity水面流速velocity at a point测点流速maximum point velocity最大测点流速velocity－measuring vertical垂线平均流速mean velocity at a vertical部分平均流速mean velocity at a segment断面平均流速cross－section velocity distribution浮标流速point velocity coefficient中泓流速surface velocity coefficient流速分布velocity distribution流速梯度velocity gradient垂线流速分布vertical velocity distribution断面流速分布cross－section velocity distribution 水面流速分布surface velocity coefficient顺流downstream flow逆流upstream flow流速脉动velocity pulsation中泓流速midstream流向测量flow－direction measurement体积法cubature流速仪current－meter转子式流速仪rotating－element current－meter旋杯式流速仪cup－type current－meter旋桨式流速仪propeller－type current－meter电波流速仪electric wave current－meter超声波剖面流速仪ultrasonic profile current－meter 多普勒流速仪Doppler current－meter参证流速仪reference current－meter流量计flow meter文杜里水流计Venturi flow meter毕托管Pitot tube流速仪检定current－meter calibration检定槽calibration tank检定车calibration carriage浮标float水面浮标surface float小浮标small float双浮标double float浮杆float－rod堰顶高程elevation of weir crest堰顶水头weir head水工建筑物测流flow measurement by hydraulic structure 闸门开启高度gate opening行近河槽approach channel行近流速approach velocity堰流weir flow流态flow regime自由流free flow淹没流submerged flow半淹没流half－submerged flow孔流sluice flow射流jet flow淹没比submergence ratio淹没系数submergence coefficient流速系数velocity coefficient流量系数discharge coefficient稀释法测流dilution method for discharge measurement 示踪剂tracer标准溶液standard solution背景浓度background concentration solution稀释比dilution ratio推移质输沙率测验bed load discharge measurement器策法sampling method坑测法pit method沙波法dune tracking method床沙测验bed material measurement照相法photographic method打印法stamp pad method床沙采样器bed material sampler悬移质采样器suspended sediment sampler瞬时式采样器instantaneous sampler积时式采样器time－integrating sampler瓶式采样器bottled sampler皮囊式采样器collapsible sample泵式采样器pumping sampler调压式采样器pressure adjustable sampler同位素测沙仪radioisotope sediment concentration meter 光电测沙仪photoelectric sediment concentration meter 振动式测沙仪vibrational sediment concentration meter 推移质采样器bed load sampler网式采样器basket－type sampler吸管pipet光电颗分仪photoelectric particle size meter比重计（密度计）hydrometer泥沙沉降sediment settling沉降速度settling velocity平均沉速mean settling velocity絮凝flocculation反凝剂defloeculant粒径particle diameter中数粒径median particle diameter平均粒径mean particle diameter等容粒径nominal diameter投影粒径projected diameter三轴平均粒径triaxial mean particle diameter几何平均粒径geometric mean particle diameter筛析粒径sieve diameter沉降粒径settling diameter粒径组fraction of particle size颗粒级配grain－size distribution颗粒级配曲线grain－size distribution curve单样颗粒级配index sample grain－size distribution垂线平均颗粒级配mean grain－size distribution in a vertical对照断面check cross－section控制断面control cross－section消减断面attenuation cross－section水样保存water－sample preservation检出率detected ratio超标率over－limit ratio痕迹量trace未检出nonreadout回收率recovery ratio溶解气体采样器dissolved gases sampler冰情观测ice－regime observation固定点冰厚测址fixed－point ice thickness measurement 冰情目测visual observation of ice regime冰情符号ice code冰情图ice－regime charta初冰日期first－ice date封冰日期freeze－up date解冻日期break－up date终冰日期end ice date封冻历时freeze－up duration水浸冰厚thickness of immersed ice敲露水面宽open－water width冰流量ice discharge等深点流速改正法revised isobath－velocity method流速过程线改正法revised velocity－hydrograph method有效潮差significant tidal range负波高negative wave height水库水文测验hygrometry of reservoir入库水量reservoir inflow出库水量reservoir outflow水库供水reservoir water supply水库弃水surplus water released frome reservoir水库蓄水量reservoir storage水库蓄水变量variation of reservoir storage水库蓄水变率rate of reservoir storage change坝上水位stage behind dam库区水位stage in reservoir region水库淤积测量reservoir sedimentation survey水库淤积量reservoir sedimentation volume地形法method of topographic survey断面法method of cross－section survey淤积形态morphology of reservoir deposition淤积三角洲sedimentation delta淤积物密度dry density of reservoir deposition岩溶地区水文调查hydrologic investigation in karst areas 实际地表集水面积actual surface colleting area交换水量exchange water沙量调查silt－quantity investigation水质调查water quality investigation调查区investigation zone水文实验研究experimental research in hydrology 代表流域representative basin实验流域experimental basin相似流域similar basin径流实验研究experimental research in runoff径流场runoff plot人工降雨装置artificial rainfall device蒸发实验研究experimental research in evaporation 蒸发池evaporation tank土壤蒸发器soil evaporator蒸散器evapotranspirometer农田蒸发器evaporator for agricultural land蒸渗仪lysimeter地下水均衡场groundwater balance plot合理性检查rational examination电算整编processing by computer水文年鉴water year－book测站考证station examination站年station year平均值mean value极值extreme value加权平均法weighted mean method断流水位stage of zero flow河干river of zero flow水文过程线hydrograph水文综合过程线synthetic hydrograph等值线isopleth分布曲线distribution curve水文特征值hydrologic characteristic value 径流总量total runoff径流模数runoff modulus径流系数runoff coefficient洪峰flood peak洪水流量peak discharge洪水总量flood volume输沙量sediment runoff输沙模数modulus of sediment runoff水位流量关系stage－discharge relation连时序法chronological method绳套曲线loop curve流量过程线法discharge hydrograph method潮汐要素法tidal factor relation method定潮汐要素法constant tidal factor relation method合轴相关法coaxial correlation method一潮推流法method of discharge computation for a single tide水位流量关系single－valuedprocessing of stage－discharge relation关系曲线延长extension of relation curve流率表rating table单断沙关系index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation单断沙关系曲线法index and cross－section aerage sediment concentration relation curve method水位单断沙比关系曲线法stage versus ratio of index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation curve method单断沙比过程线法hydrograph method of index and cross－section average sediment concentration ratio单样过程线法hydrograph method of index sediment concentration自由度degree of freedom真值true value测量值（实测值）measured value最或然值most probable value误差error绝对误差absolute error相对误差relative error插机误差（偶然误差）random error系统误差systematic error允许误差permissible error平均误差mean error最大误差（极限误差）maximum error伪误差（粗差）spurious方差variance标准差standard deviation相对标准差relative standard deviation离差（偏差）deviation闭合差closure error平差adjustment精确度（总精度）accuracy精密度precision准确度correctness垂线抽样误差（M型误差）measuring vertical sampling error 数据库data base分布式数据库distributed type data base集中式数据库concentrated type data base网络式数据库network type data base层次数据库laminarization data base关系数据库relation data base数据模型data model关系数据模型relation data model层次数据模型laminarization data model网状数据模型network data model数据量data bulk结点node数据处理data processing数据存贮data storage数据检索data retrieval数据输入data input数据输出data output数据库文件data base file水文数据库hydrologic data base水文基本数据库hydrologic basic data base湖泊水文预报hydrologic firecasting of lake施工水文预报hydrologic forecasting for construction period潮汐预报tidal prediction泥沙预报sediment forecasting旱情预报soil moisture forecasting地下水动态预报groundwater regime forecasting预见期forecast lead time短期水文预报short－term hydrologic forecasting中长期水文预报medium and long－term hydrologic forecasting超长期水文预报extended long－term hydrologic forecasting预报误差forecast error作业预报operational forecasting预报方案forecast scheme评定标准accuracy standard方案合格率qualified ratio of scheme确定性系数deterministic coefficient汛seasonal flood春汛spring flood伏汛summer flood秋汛autumn flood汛期flood season防汛flood defence报汛站flood－reporting station报汛站网flook－reporting network常年水情站perennial hydrologic reporting station 汛期水情站hydrologic reporting station inflood season辅助水清站网auxiliary hydrologic reporting network 洪水警报flood warning点雨量point rainfall面雨量areal rainfall泰森多边形Thiessen polygon等雨量线法isohyetal method产流runoff yield蓄满产流runoff yield at natural storage超渗产流runoff yield in excess of infiltration产流面积area of runoff yield地表径流（直接径流）direct runoff地面流（坡面流）surface flow of mire壤中流prompt subsurface flow前期影响雨量antecedent rainfall土壤缺水量soil moisture deficit下渗能力曲线（下渗曲线）infiltration capability curve 初损initial losses后损（后渗）continuing losses坡面汇流overland flow concentration河网汇流（河槽汇流）river network flow concentration 地下汇流groundwater flow concentration汇流曲线flow concentration curve流域汇流曲线basin flow concentration curve坡面汇流曲线overland flow concentration curve河网汇流曲线river network flow concentration curve地下汇流曲线groundwater flow concentration curve流域汇流时间basin flow concentration time洪峰滞时peak time lag流域滞时basin time lag等流滞时isochrone单位线unit hydrograph经验单位线empiricat unit hydrograph综合单位线synthetic unit hydrograph瞬时单位线instantaneous unit hydrograph地貌瞬时单位线geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph坡地单位线slope unit hydrograph河网单位线river network unit hydrographS－曲线S－curve无因次单位线dimensionless unit hydrograph退水曲线recession curve水文模型hydrologic model水文物理模型（水文实体模型）hydrophysical model比尺模型scale model比拟模型analogue model水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model水文概念模型physically－based hydrologic mathematic model水文数学物理模型deterministic hydrologic model确定性水文模型stochastic hydrologic model分散式模型distributed model集总式模型lumped model线性水温模型linear hydrologic model非线性水文模型nonlinear hydrologic model时不变水文模型time－invariant hydrologic model时变水文模型time－variant hydrologic model流域水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model of watershed模型结构model structure模型参数model parameter模型误差model error模型率定model calibration模型检验model verification水文模拟hydrologic simulation遥测终端机telemetry terminal meter中继机relay meter前置通信控制机preset communication controller自报式系统self－reporting system查询－应答式系统polling－answerback system混合式系统mix system时分制遥测系统time－division telemetry system频分制遥测系统frequency－division telemetry system误码率probability of word error接受率receiving probability数据收集平台data collection platform水文计算（水文分析计算）hydrologic computation设计站design station设计流域design watershed代表站representative station参证站bench－mark station典型年（代表年）typicyear水文系列hydrologic series同步系列synchronous series系列代表性series representativeness柱状图histogram诺谟图monogram输沙量计算（固体径流计算）computation of sediment runoff水库回水计算computation of reservoir backwater水库淤积计算computation of reservoir sedimentation水库下游河道冲刷计算computation of degradation belowreservoir溃坝洪水计算evaluation of dam break flood感潮河段水力计算hydraulic calculation for tidal reach水文统计hydrologic statistics总体population样本sample样本容量sample size随机变量random variable随机系列random series累计频率（频率）cumulative frequency经验频率empirical frequency水文频率分布曲线（水文频率曲线）hydrologic frequency distribution curve皮尔逊分布Pearson distribution对数正态分布log normal distribution频率分析frequency analysis随机模拟stochastic simulation时间序列time series随机水文分析hydrologic stochastic analysis趋势项trend term周期项cycle term随机项stochastic term调和分析（谐波分析）harmonic analysis潜分析spectrum analysis噪声noise回归分析（相关分析）regression analysis相关系数correlation coefficient自回归分析autoregression analysis逐步回归分析stepwise regression analysis设计供水design flood溢洪道设计洪水spillway design flood分期设计洪水stage design flood施工设计洪水design flood for construction period 校核洪水check flood实测洪水observed flood调查洪水investigated flood古洪水paleoflood坝址洪水dam－site flood入库洪水reservoir inflow flood分项调查法item－by－item investigation method 降雨径流模型法rainfall－runoff model method蒸发差值法evaporation difference method径流年内分配annual distribution of runoff径流多年变化multiyear variation of runoff丰水期high－water period平水期normal－water period枯水期（枯季）low－flow period丰水年wet year平水年（中水年）normal year枯水年dry year特枯水年extraordinary dry year连续丰水年continuous wet years连续枯水年continuous dry years水文年鉴water year设计暴雨design storm设计雨型design storm pattern暴雨路径storm track暴雨时程分配time distribution of storm暴雨地区分布special distribution of storm暴雨参数等值线storm parametric isoline map 点面换算系数point－area conversion coefficient 点面关系point－area relationship定点定面关系fixedpoint－fixed area relationship可能最大露点probable maximum dew point暴雨移置改正storm transposition correction流域形状改正watershed shape correction水汽改正moisture correction入流障碍改正inflow obstacle correction综合改正synthetic correction暴雨幅合分量convergence component of storm地形增强因子topographic increasing factor等百分数法isopercental method可能最大洪水probable maximum flood涝surface water logging渍subsurface waterlogging排涝surface waterlogging control排渍subsurface waterlogging control排涝规划waterlogging control planning排涝标准standard for waterlogging control排涝计算computation of waterlogging control设计排涝流量design discharge for surface drainage设计排渍流量design drainage discharge of subsurfacewaterlogging control设计排涝水位design water level for surface drainage水资源危机water resources crisis水荒water famine水能资源（水力资源）waterpower resources河流水能资源waterpower resources of river潮汐水能资源tidal power resources可开发的水能资源developable waterpower resources 水资源评价water resources assessment水资源基础评价water resources basic assessment水量评价water quantity assessment水质评价water quality assessment地表水资源评价surface water resources assessment地下水资源评价groundwater resources assessment水资源评价指标indexes of water resources assessment 水资源总量total amount of water resources地表水资源量surface water resources amount地下水资源量groundwater resources amount可利用量utilizable water地下水可开采量groundwater available yield可供水量available water supply径流调节runoff regulation综合利用水库调节（多目标水库调节）reservoir regulation for comprehensive utilization水库调洪reservoir flood routing水库供水调节reservoir regulation for water supply水电站径流调节runoff regulation of hydropower regulation水库反调节reregulating reservoir水库群调节multi－reservoir regulation径流调节计算computation of runoff regulation时历法（长系列操作法）chronological series method概率法（数理统计法）probability method随机模拟法stochastic simulation method调节周期regulating period目标函数objective function约束方程constraint equation状态变量state variable决策变量decision variable数学规划mathematic programming线性规划linear programming非线性规划nonlinear programming水库防洪调度flood control scheduling of reservoir水库实时调度real－time reservoir scheduling水库群调度multi－reservoir scheduling水库预报调度reservoir scheduling based on forecast抽水蓄能pumped storage水沙调度scheduling of water and sediment水环境water environment水环境要素（水环境基质）water environment elements水环境背景值（水环境本底值）water environmental background value水生态系统aquatic ecosystem化学径流chemical runoff环境用水environmental water环境水文学environmental hydrology环境水力学environmental hydraulics环境水化学environmental hydrochemistry地下水超量开采groundwater overdraft人工补给（人工回灌）artificial recharge地下水降落漏斗groundwater depression cone化学水污染chemical water pollution无机物水污染water pollution by inorganic substances有机物水污染water pollution by organic substances有毒物质水污染water pollution by toxic substances放射性水污染radioactive water pollution热污染thermal pollution生物水污染water pollution by organism富营养化eutrophication赤潮red tide次生水污染secondary water pollution地下水污染groundwater pollution水污染常规分析指标index of routine analysis for water pollution水污染遥感监测remote－sensing monitoring of water pollution污染物pollutant污染物迁移transport of pollutant机械迁移physical transport物理－化学迁移physicochemical transport人为污染源artificial pollution source天然污染源natural pollution source污染源调查investigation of pollution sources污染源控制pollution source control水质参数water quality parameters水质模型water quality model水温模型water temperature model水质生物评价biologic assessment of water quality水环境效益water environmental effect水污染环境效应environmental effect of water pollution水环境影响评价water environmental impact assessment水环境保护water environmental protection水质规划water quality planning河流水质规划river water quality planning水库水质规划reservoir water quality planning水污染综合防治规划planning of comprehensive water pollution control水源保护区protection zone of water source水质管理water quality management水污染源管理water pollution source management蒸发evaporation径流runoff水位stage流速velocity流量discharge含沙量sediment concentration输沙率sediment discharge水温模型water temperature冰凌ice run水质water quality下垫面underlying surface水文情势hydrologic regime水文效应hydrologic effect水文循环（水循环）hydrologic cycle水量平衡water balance热量平衡heat balance盐量平衡salt balance大气水汽含量atmospheric water vapour content 大气水汽输送atmospheric water vapour transport 水汽输送通量atmospheric water vapour flux雨rain降雨面积rainfall area降雨分布rainfall distribution暴雨洪水storm flood冰凌洪水（凌讯）ice flood冰雪洪水ice－snow melt flood雨雪混合洪水rain and snowmelt flood山洪flash flood溃坝洪水dam－break flood大气环流atmospheric circulation天气形势（环流形势）weather situation天气过程weather process天气系统weather system行星尺度天气系统planetary scale weather system 天气尺度天气系统synoptic scale weather system 中小尺度天气系统meso and micro－scale weather 风暴潮storm surge风暴中心storm center西风槽westerly trough东风波easterly wave低压槽trough高压脊ridge副热带高压subtropic high温带extratropic zone寒带frigid zone。
水利水电词汇
水利水电词汇床面形态 Bed form床沙质 (造床质 ) bed material load垂线观测坐标仪（垂线观测仪） coordinatograph for plummet observation 垂线平均流速 mean velocity at a vertical垂直度 perpendicularity垂直度盘指标差（指标差，竖盘指标差） index error of vertical circle 垂直升船机 vertical ship lift垂直收缩系数 vena-contracta coefficient垂直位移工作点 operative mark of vertical displacement垂直位移观测（沉陷观测，沉降观测） vertical displacement observation 垂直位移基点 datum mark of vertical displacement磁法勘探 magnetic prospecting磁方位角 magnetic azimuth磁极 fieid pole磁子午线 magnetic meridian次固结(次压缩 ) secondary consolidation(secondary compression)次固结沉降 secondary consolidation settlement次生曲流 submeander次生盐碱化 secondary salinization次要建筑物 secondary structure凑合节 adjuster of steel pipe粗骨料 coarse aggregate粗碎 primary crushing粗制螺栓 bolt,rough bolt错缝 staggered joint搭接 lap joint达西渗流定律Darcy′s law of seepage大坝变形观测 dam deformation observation大坝水泥 dam cement大暴雨 large rainstorm大潮(朔望潮 ) spring tide大地构造 geotectonics大地控制点（大地点） geodetic control point大地水准面 geoid大地原点（大地基准点） geodetic datum大气窗口 atmospheric window大气折光差 atmospheric refraction error大体积混凝土 mass concrete大头坝 massive-head dam (massive-buttress dam)大修理费 overhauling cost代表性露点 representative dew point带喉管的圆筒式调压室 throttled surge chamber带舌瓣闸门 gate with flap带速饱和变流器差动保护 longitudinal differential protection employing quickly-saturable transformer带状间作 strip cropping带状淤积 belt deposit贷款偿还年限 pay back period of loan单层布置 single storey layout单调节调速器 single-regulation governor单回线 single-circuit line单机调节 independent regulation单级单吸悬臂式离心泵 single-stageend-suction centrifugal pump单级双吸式离心泵 single-stagedouble-suction centrifugal pump单极高压直流系统 monopolar/unipolar HVDC system单价合同 (固定单价合同 ) unit-price contract单价和总价混合合同 lump-sum and unit-price combined contract单列布置 single row layout单母线接线 single-bus connection单曲拱坝 single curvature arch dam单位弹性抗力系数 coefficient of unit elastic resistance单位电能投资 cost per kilowatt-hour单位工程 unit project单位耗药量 powder factor单位容量投资 (单位千瓦投资 ) cost per kilowatt单位水力矩 unit hydraulic torque单位水推力 unithydraulic thrust单位线 (单位过程线 ) unit hydrograph单位线 (时段单位线 ) unit hydrograph单位转速 [流量][出力] unit speed[discharge][power]单吸式离心泵 single-suction pump单相变压器 single-phase transformer单相重合闸 one-phase ARC单向变形 one directional deformation单向波 one-direction wave单斜岩层 monocline单因子试验 experiment of single factor单元接线 (发电机—变压器组接线 ) generator-transformer unit connection 弹簧常数 spring constant弹性 elasticity弹性极限 limit of elasticity弹性抗力系数 coefficient of elastic resistance弹性模量 (弹性系数 ,杨氏模数 ) modulus of elasticity弹性屈曲 elastic buckling弹性释水系数 (弹性给水度 ) elastic storavity弹性支承 elastic support当地加速度 (时变加速度 ) local acceleration挡潮闸 (防潮闸 ) tide barrage挡水建筑物 water retaining structure挡水面板 water retaining deck挡水墙 head wall挡土墙 retaining wall导爆索 (传爆索 ) primacord (detonatin fuse)导洞掘进法 heading and cut method导航建筑物 (导航架 ) guide structure (approachtrestle) 导火索 safety fuse导流 River diversion导流堤取水 intake with diversion dike导流方案 diversion scheme导流方式 (导流方法 ) diversion procedure导流孔 (洞)封堵 plugging of the diversion opening导流流量标准 (导流标准 ) diversion discharge frequency 导流时段 diversion period导流隧洞 diversion tunnel导沙槽 sand-guide channel导沙坎 (拦沙坎 ,挡沙坎 ) sand-guide sill导水机构 gate operating mechanism导水系数 coefficient of transmissivity导水锥 hydrocone导线测量 traverse survey导线点 traverse point导线网 traverse network导线网平差 adjustment of traverse network导向坡度 guide slope导向装置 guiding device导叶分布圆 gate circle,wicket gate circle导叶高度 guide vane height导叶开口 guide vane opening导叶限位块 gate stop导轴承 guide bearing导轴瓦间隙 guide bearing clearance倒锤线观测（倒锤法） inverse plumb line observation倒虹吸管 inverted siphon稻田适宜水深 suitable water depth in paddy field灯泡式水轮发电机 bulb hydraulic generator灯泡式水轮机 bulb turbine等高耕作 (横坡耕作 ) contour tillage等高截流 contour interception等高距（等高线间隔） contour interval等高线 contour等径流深图 runoff isopleth map等流时线 isochrone等密图 contour diagram等面积定则 equal-area criterion等容粒径 volume equivalent diameter等水位线图 water table contour map等速流 homogeneous flow等效网络 equivalent network等压面 equi-pressure surface等雨量线图 isohyetal map等值线图 isoline map低坝 low dam低电压保护 under voltage protection低电压闭锁 (起动)过电流保护 under voltage-started over current protection 低流态混凝土 low-slump concrete低频起动 low frequency starting低型布置 low-type layout低压 (低电压 ) low voltage (L.V.)低压配电屏 low voltage distribution panel/board低压配电装置 Low voltage switchgear installation低压配电装置 low voltage switchgear installation低扬程泵站 low-head pumping station堤 dike (embankment,levee)堤后式泵房 pump house at levee-toe堤身式泵房 water retaining pump house滴灌 drip irrigation滴灌系统 system of drip irrigation底环 bottom ring底槛 embedded sill (ground sill)底孔导流 bottom outlet diversion底栏栅式取水 bottom-grating intake底流消能 (水跃消能 ) energy dissipation by hydraulic jump底枢 bottom pintle底缘 bottom edge抵偿年限 payment period抵偿年限法 payment period method地表径流 surface runoff地基沉降 ground settlement地基处理 Foundation treatment地基处理 Treatment of foundation地基稳定分析 Stability analysis of foundation地脚螺栓 foundation bolt地壳 earth crust地壳形变观测（大坝库区地壳形变观测） observation of earth crust deformation 地幔 earth mantle地貌 geomorphy地貌综合 cartographic generalization of relief地面分辨力 ground resolution地面灌溉系统 Surface irrigation system地面立体摄影测量 terrestrial stereo photogrammetry地面露点 dew point at earth surface地面排水系统 Surface drainage system地球弯曲差 error due to curvature of earth地球物理勘探 (物探) geophysical prospection地图 map地图编绘 Map Compilation地图编绘（原图编绘） map compilation地图编绘与制印 Map Compilation and Reproduction地图分幅 Sheet line system地图复照 map photography地图清绘 map fair drawing地图投影 map projection地图投影变换 map projection transfromation地图投影变形 distortion of map projection地图图号（图号） map numbering地图图式（图式） cartographic symbol地图印刷 map printing地图整饰 map appearance地图制版 map printing plate making地图制印 map reproduction地图制印与仪器 Map reproduction and instrument地物 planimetric feature地物和地貌的表示 representation of planimetric feature and geomorphy 地下暗管灌溉 irrigation by buried pipes地下工程施工 Under ground works construction地下浸润灌溉 subsurface irrigation by groundwater地下径流 groundwater runoff地下轮廓线 underground configuration地下埋管 underground penstock地下排水 subsurface drainage地下排水系统 Subsurface drainage system地下热水 hot groundwater地下式厂房 underground power house地下式水电站 underground hydroelectric station地下水侧向补给 recharge by ground water地下水超量开采 excessive mining of ground water地下水动态 ground water regime地下水降深 drawdown of groundwater地下水开采 Ground water mining地下水矿化度 mineralization of ground water地下水利用量 ground water supplement to the crop root zone地下水临界深度 critical depth of ground water地下水平衡 (地下水均衡 ) ground water balance地下水人工补给 (人工回灌 ) artificial recharge of ground water 地下水水文地质特性 Hydro geological characteristics of groundwater 地下水下降漏斗 depression cone of ground water地下水越层补给 recharge through weak permeable layer地下水资源 Ground water resources地下水资源开发利用 Development of ground water resources地形 landform地形测量 topographic survey地形图 topographic map地性线（地貌结构线，地貌特征线） orographic character line地震 earthquake地震动水压力 earthquake hydrodynamic pressure地震惯性力 earthquake inertia force地震勘探 seismic prospecting地震烈度 earthquake intensity地震前兆 premonitory symptom地震区划 seismic zoning地震水波 water wave by earthquake地震震级 earthquake magnitude地质编录 geological record地质点 geological observation point地质点测量 geololgical point survey地质构造 geologic structure地质基础 Basicgeology地质勘探 geological exploration地质雷达 geological radar地质力学 geomechanics地质剖面 geological section地质素描 geological sketch典型暴雨 typical rainstorm点法测量 point wise点荷载强度 point load strength点位中误差 mean square error of position点污染源 point-source of pollution点雨量 point precipitation(point rainfall)电测探法 electrical sounding电磁波测距误差 error in electromagnetic wave distance measurement电磁波测距仪 Electromagnetic wave distance measuring instrument（EDMI）电磁波测距仪（物理测距仪） electromagnetic wave distance measuring instrument（EDMI）电动发电机组 motor-generator set电动机 Motor电动机的额定转矩 rated load torque of motor电动机的起动转矩 starting torque of motor电动潜水泵 submersible motor pump电法勘探 electrical prospecting电机 Electrical machine电价 electricity price电抗器 Reactor电抗器 reactor (shunt reactor)电缆夹层 cable interlayer电雷管 electric blasting cap电力不足时间期望值 loss of load expectation (LOLE)电力弹性系数 (电力超前系统 ) elastic coefficient of electric energy 电力电缆 power cable电力负荷 Electric power load电力负荷 (电力负载 ) electric power load电力负荷图 electric load diagram电力工程二次部分 Electrotechnical Secondary Circuit电力工程一次部分 Electrotechnical Primary Circuit电力系统 Electrical power system电力系统的集中控制 centralized control of power system电力系统调度 Power system dispatch电力系统计算 Calculation of electric power system电力系统可靠性 Reliability of electric power system电力系统容量 Installed capacity of electric system电力系统运行 Operation of electric power system电力系统状态估计 state estimation in power system电力线载波通信 power line carrier communication电量不足期望值 expected energy not served (EENS)电流差动保护 current differential protection电流互感器 current transformer (CT)电流互感器的精确等级 accurate degree of current transformer电流密度 current density电流平衡保护 current balance protection电路图 circuit diagram电气缓冲单元 electric damper电气设备选择 Electric equipment selection电气液压式调速器 electro-hydraulic governor电气制动 braking resistance (BR)电气主接线 main electrical connection电容式电压互感器 capacitor voltage transformer电视测井 television logging电压变化率保护 voltage change rate protection电压调整率 voltage regulationrate电压互感器 potential transformer (PT) (voltage transformer)电压互感器的精确等级 accurate degree of potential transformer电压降 voltage drop (potential drop)电压控制母线 (PV母线) voltage control busbar电压偏移 voltage deviation电液转换器 (电液伺服阀 ) electro-hydraulic transducer,electro-hydraulic servo-valve 电液转换器失灵 maladjustment of electro-hydraulic transducer电源 Power source电站气蚀系数 plant cavitation factor电制动 electromagnetic braking电子速测仪（全站式电子速测仪，自动电子速测仪） electronic tacheometer电子印像机 electronic printer电阻率剖面法 (电剖面法 ) resistivity profiling凋萎系数 wilting coefficient, withering coefficient吊车轨道 crane rail吊车梁 crane runway girder吊耳 hoist eye (hook eye)吊杆 hanger (gate stem)吊罐 bucket吊距 centre distance between two hoist eyes调度端 control end (dispatching end)调度通信 dispatching communication调洪库容 flood control storage调绘像片 identified photograph调节流量 regulated flow调节年度 regulation year调节容积 adjustable volume调节系数 regulation coefficient调节周期 period of regulation调速器结构与部件 Components of governor调速器静特性试验 static characteristic test of governor调速器类型 Types of governor调速器失灵 maladjustment of governor调速系统 governing system调速系统静态特性 (永态转差系数图 ) static characteristics of governing system (speed droop graph) 调相容量 compensator capacity (condensator capacity)调相压水 bear on water for phase modulation (bear on water for condenser operation)调蓄容积 storage capacity调压阀 (空放阀 ) pressure regulator调压阀关闭时间 closing time for pressure regulator调压阀开启时间 opening time for pressure regulator调压阀滞后时间 dead time for pressure regulator调压井 surge shaft调压室 surge chamber调压塔 surge tank跌水 drop叠梁闸门 stoplog丁坝 spur dike (groin)顶盖 top cover (head cover)顶盖排水 head cover drainage顶管法 pipe jacking method顶枢 upper gudgeon (top pintle)定床河流模型 (定床河工模型 ) fixed bed model定点定面关系 precipitation relationship between fixed point and fixed area定电流控制 (定电流调节 ) constant current control/regulation定电压控制 (定电压调节 ) constant voltage control定功率控制 constant power control定量评价 quantitative evaluation定轮闸门 fixed roller gate (fixed wheel gate)定期保养 periodical maintenance, regular maintenance定倾半径 metacentric radius定倾中心 metacenter定时限电流保护 definite time-lag current protection定向爆破 directional throw blasting定向取心 directional coring定性评价 qualitative evaluation定裕度角控制 (定裕度角调节 ) constant margin angle control定子 stator定子短路时间常数 stator short-circuit time constant定子接地保护 earthing fault protection for generator stator定子匝间短路保护 stator inter-turn fault protection冬、雨季施工增加费 additional cost in winter-rainy season动床河流模型 (动床河工模型 ) movable bed model动点动面关系 (暴雨中心点面关系 ) precipitation relationship between center point and variable area动断触点 (常闭接点 ) break contact (normally-closed contact)动合触点 (常开接点 ) make contact (normally-open contact)动荷载 dynamic load动静弹模比 ratio of static-dynamic moduli动库容 dynamical storage动力触探试验 dynamic cone penetration test动力弹性模量 dynamic modulus of elasticity动力控制箱 power control box动力配电箱 power distributing box动力系数 dynamic factor动力相似 dynamic similarity动力粘滞系数 dynamic viscosity coefficient动力装备率 (动力装备系数 ) powered equipment rate 动量改正系数 momentum coefficient动量损失厚度 momentum loss thickness动能改正系数 kinetic energy coefficient动平床 moving flat bed动平衡 dynamic balancing动水压强 hydrodynamic pressure动态经济分析 dynamic economic analysis动态稳定 dynamic-state stability动态相似 (运动相似 ) kinematic similarity冻结基面 stationary datum冻胀力 frost heave pressure冻胀量 frost-heave capacity洞蚀 cave and hole erosion洞室爆破 coyote blasting陡槽 (泄槽) chute陡槽式溢洪道 chute spillway陡坡 chute陡坡 steep slope独立坐标系 independent coordinate system渡槽 aqueduct (flume)渡槽导流 aqueduct flume diversion端电池 end cell端面承压应力 bearing stress端子 (接线端子 ,引出端子 ) terminal端子接线图 terminal connection diagram短管 short pipe短路 short circuit短路比 short-circuit ratio (SCR)短路电流 short circuit current短路电流非周期分量 aperiodic component of short circuit current短路电流周期分量 periodic component of short circuit current短路计算 Short circuit calculation短路容量 short-circuit capacity短路校验计算 short-circuit check calculation短期水文预报 short date hydrologic forecasting断层 fault断层擦痕 slicken side断层角砾岩 fault breccia断层泥 fault gouge断层破碎带 shatterred fault zone断层破碎带处理 treatment of fault and fracture zone断层破碎带处理 treatment of fault-fracture zone断层上盘 hanging wall断层下盘 heading wall断口 fracture断裂韧性 toughness of fracture断流围堰导流 (拦断河床导流 ,全断面导流 ) full river by-pass diversion 断路器 circuit breaker断路器失灵保护 (后备接线保护 ) breaker failure protection断面比力 specific force断面比能 specific energy断面测量 section survey断面模型 sectional model断面平均流速 average velocity of cros ssection断面平均流速 mean velocity at across-section(over all mean velocity)断水保护 water supply cut-off protection堆焊 pad welding堆积阶地 construction alter race堆石 rock filling堆石坝 rock fill dam对称电压 symmetric voltage对接 butt joint对流层散射通信 tropospheric scatter communication对数螺线形拱坝 logarithmic spiral arch dam对外交通 site access盾构法 shielding method多波段扫描仪（多光谱扫描仪） multi band scanner多端高压直流输电系统 multi-terminal HVDC transmission system多阀单元 multiplevalve unit多级泵 multi-stage pump多级泵站 multistage pumping station多级船闸 multi-stage lock (flight locks)多年调节 over year regulation(carry over regulation)多年平均年发电量 average annual energy output多年平均年径流量 mean annual runoff多首制取水 multi-head water intake多线船闸 multi-line lock (multiple lock)多相流 multi-phase flow多油式断路器 bulk oil circuit breaker额定变比 rated transformation ratio额定电流 rated current额定电压 rated voltage额定动稳定电流 (额定极限通过电流 ) rated dynamic current (rated limit through-current)额定工况 rated condition额定工况 (满载工况 ) rated condition额定关合电流 rated making current额定开断电流 rated breaking current额定频率 rated frequency额定容量 rated capacity额定水头 rated head额定油压 rated oil pressure额定值 rated value额定值 rated value (rating)额定转速 rated speed二[三]段式电流保护 two[three]-step current protection二倍照准差互差（ 2c互差， 2c较差） discrepancy between twice collimation errors二次电流 [电压] secondary current[voltage]二次回路 secondary circuit二次接线图 secondary connection diagram二次筛分 (最终筛分 ) finish screening二端高压直流输电系统 two-terminal HVDC transimission system二期冷却 second stage cooling二维流 (二元流 ) two-dimensional flow发包设计 bid design发电电动机 generator-motor发电机 -变压器组保护 protection for generator-transformer unit发电机[电力变压器、调相机、电动机、母线、电抗器 ]保护 protection of synchronous generator [power。
汉英水利水电技术词典1-100页
中文English暗钉圈concealed nail washer 背衬材料backing material衬初内注浆lining grouting衬砌后围岩注浆surrounding ground gr 衬砌前围岩注浆surrounding ground gr 地下水工程防水技术规范Technical code for wa 复合管片composite segment高压喷射注浆法high-pressurized jet 回填注浆back-fill grouting加强带strengthening band聚合物水泥防水涂料polymer cement water 可操作时间operational time螺孔密封圈bolt hole sealing was 密封垫gasket密封垫沟槽gasket groove凝胶时间gel time塑料防水板防水层water-proofing course 涂膜抗渗性impermeability of fil 涂膜耐水性water resistance of f 无钉铺设non-nails layouts诱导缝inducing joint预注浆pre-grouting遇水膨胀止水条water swelling strip 自流平水泥artesian cementSpecifications for De 公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混反滤层filter layer反滤织物filter fabric公路排水设计规范Specifications of dra 沟管内汇流历时time of flow in ditch 汇流历时time of concentration 降雨历时转换系数converting factor of 径流系数coefficient of runoff 拦水带dike路界表面排水roadway surface drain 路面内部排水pavement subsurface d 路面排水pavement surface drai 排水系统drainage system坡面汇流历时time of flow on slope 设计降雨重现期design recurrence int 设计径流量design peak rate of r 渗沟underdrains中央分隔带排水median drainage重现期转换系数converting factor of PHP泥浆PHP mud部件component超声波探伤supersonic sounding沉降缝settlement joint沉井基础open caisson foundati 沉入桩penetrated pile初拉力initial tension大体积混凝土major volume concrete 大直径桩large diameter pileexpansion equipment(j 弹塑体材料填充式伸缩装置导墙guide wall地基subsoil地下连续墙underground continuou 吊索suspender顶进法jack-in method顶推法incremental launching 分层分段浇筑concreting layer by l 分环多工作面均衡浇筑法balanced concreting l 分环分段浇筑concreting layer by l 风缆系统cable-stayed stabilitexpansion equipment (复合改性沥青填充式伸缩装钢筋电渣压力焊electroslag pressure 钢筋机械连接rebar mechanical spli 钢筋闪光对焊flash butt welding of 高强度螺栓连接副 a set of high strengt 公路GPS控制测量GPS control survey ofTechnical Specificati 公路桥涵施工设计技术规范构件element挂篮movable suspended sca 贯入度penetration灌注桩cast-in-place concret 焊接网welded fabric后张法post-tensioning metho 滑板sliding plate(PTFE)环境温度ambient temperature 混凝土耐久性durability of concret 挤压套筒接头compressed sleeve cou 加固地基consolidated subsoil 加劲钢箱梁stiffened steel box g 胶接缝glued joint with epox 结构物的表面系数surface factor of str 竣工测量final survey抗滑移系数slip factor控制测量control survey跨河水准测量river-crossing leveli 块石block stone拉索main cable拉索调整力adjustment of cable t 缆索吊装法erection with cablewa 料石dressed stone零件part锚碇anchor模数式伸缩装置module expansion equi 摩擦桩friction pile片石rubble桥涵顶进后背tempory reaction supp 射线探伤X-ray sounding伸缩缝expansion joint施工测量construction survey 施工缝construction joint施工荷载construction load施工猫道catwalk for construct 湿接缝wet joint水泥强度cement strength索鞍cable saddle索夹cable clamp索塔cable bent tower天然地基natural subsoil托架corbel围幕法排水ring curtain wall de-围堰coffer dam先张法pretensioning method 箱梁基准块datum segment of box 斜拉扣挂分环连接浇筑concreting under cont 悬壁浇筑法cast-in-place cantile 悬臂拼装法erection by protrusio 移动支架逐跨施工法span by span method( 膺架falsework预拱度camber预埋件钢筋埋弧压力焊submerged-arc pressur 预拼装test assembling支承桩bearing pile直螺纹套筒接头coupler of linear scr 转体架桥法construction by swing 锥螺纹套筒接头coupler of taper thre 崩塌collapse边坡环境slope environment边坡塌滑区landslipe zone of slo 边坡支护slope retaining等效内摩擦角the equative angle of 动态设计法method of information 工程滑坡landslide due to engi 建筑边坡building slope建筑边坡工程技术规范Technical code for bu 临时性边坡temporary slope锚杆anchor bar锚杆挡墙支护retaining wall with a锚索anchor rope逆作法topdown construction 坡顶重要构筑物important constructio 坡顶重要建筑物important constructio 坡率法slope ratio method软弱结构面weak structural plane 土层锚杆anchored bar in soil 外倾结构面out-dip structural pl 危岩dangerous rock系统锚杆system of anchor bars 信息施工法construction method o 岩石锚杆anchored bar in rock 永久性边坡permanent slope低应变法low strain integrity 高应变法high stain dynamic te 基桩foundation pile建筑基桩检测技术规范Technical code for te 静载试验static loading test 声波透射法crosshole sonic loggi 桩身缺陷pile defects桩身完整性pile integrity钻芯法core drilling method 初期支护initial support点荷载强度指数point-loading strengt 缝管锚杆split set格构锚固Lattice Anchor-hold 格栅钢架reinforcing-bar trus 拱腰haunch衡重式挡土墙Balanceweight Retaini 后期支护final support抗拔力anti-pullforce锚杆挡土墙Anchored WallSpecifications for bo 锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规锚固力anchoring force喷射混凝土self-drilling bolt喷射混凝土shotcrete润周wetted perimeter水泥裹砂喷射混凝土send enveloped by cem 水胀锚杆swellex bolt隧洞周边位移convergence of tunnel 系统锚杆system bolt一般地区General Area预应力锚杆prestress anchor预应力锚索Prestressed Anchored 重力式抗滑挡土墙Slide-Resistant Gravi 自钻式锚杆self-drilling bolt磁法勘探magnetic prospecting地球物理测井geophysical logging 地球物理勘探geophysical prospecti 地震勘探seismic prospecting 地震速度测井seismic velocity logg 地质雷达geological radar电测井electric logging电法勘探electrical prospectin 电阻率测井resistivity logging 反射法勘探reflection survey放射性测井radioactivity logging 放射性勘探radiometric explorati 工程地球物理勘探engineering geophysic 交流电法 A.C.electrical method 井斜测井drift logging卡法-card method跨孔法cross hold method射气测量emanation survey声波勘探sonic prospecting, ac 剩余磁化强度remanent magnetizatio 铁路工程物理勘探规程Code for geophysical 温度测井temperature logging 折射法勘探refraction survey直流电法 D.C.electrical method 重力勘探gravity prospecting,g 自然电场法natural electric fiel 综合物探方法comprehensive geophys 安全等级safety classes材料性能标准值characteristic value 材料性能设计值design value of mater 承载能力极限状态ultimate limit states 分项系数partial coefficient 几何参数标准值nominal value of geom 抗力resistance可靠性reliability可靠指标reliability index设计基准期design reference peri 失效概率probability of struct 铁路隧道设计规范Code for design on tu 正常使用极限状态serviceability limit 作用action作用标准值characteristic value 作用代表值representative value 作用效应effect of actions作用组合combination of action 铁路特殊路基设计规范Code for design on sp出处地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范地下水工程防水技术规范公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范公路排水设计规范公路排水设计规范公路排水设计规范公路排水设计规范公路排水设计规范公路排水设计规范公路排水设计规范公路排水设计规范公路排水设计规范公路排水设计规范公路排水设计规范公路排水设计规范公路排水设计规范公路排水设计规范公路排水设计规范公路排水设计规范公路排水设计规范公路排水设计规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范公路桥涵施工设计技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑边坡工程技术规范建筑基桩检测技术规范建筑基桩检测技术规范建筑基桩检测技术规范建筑基桩检测技术规范建筑基桩检测技术规范建筑基桩检测技术规范建筑基桩检测技术规范建筑基桩检测技术规范建筑基桩检测技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路工程物理勘探规程铁路隧道设计规范铁路隧道设计规范铁路隧道设计规范铁路隧道设计规范铁路隧道设计规范铁路隧道设计规范铁路隧道设计规范铁路隧道设计规范铁路隧道设计规范铁路隧道设计规范铁路隧道设计规范铁路隧道设计规范铁路隧道设计规范铁路隧道设计规范铁路隧道设计规范铁路隧道设计规范铁路隧道设计规范铁路隧道设计规范铁路特殊路基设计规范。
水利专业英语词汇
1-yr 24-hr rainfall 设计年最大24小时暴雨50-year frequency flood 50年一遇洪水a lump of 一块a matter of 是个...问题a multitude of 许多的，众多的A.D. Anno Domini公元above all 尤其是，首先是abrasive磨蚀的，磨损的abutment 座，坝座abutment 坝座accessibility 接近性accommodation 适应，供应accurate 精确地，确切的acre 英亩actuating 启动，操纵acute 尖锐的adhere 遵守adhere to 遵守adjustable-blade 转叶的，叶片可调的advisable适当的aeration 通风，通气aerobic 需氧的，有氧的aesthetics 美学Afghanistan 阿富汗agency 机构，力量agent n. 因素agent 动因，力量aggravate 使恶化，加重aggregate 骨料air-delivery system 输气系统alga n. 海藻；藻类algal a. 藻类的alignment 定线allowable stress 允许应力allowance允许，限额，考虑alluvial valleys 冲积峡谷，冲积流域alter 改变，变化alumina 矾土analytical findings 分析成果anchor 苗定，固定anneal 韧化，热处理annual dollar volume 年费用annum 一年anticipate 预测，预计anticipate 预期，在...之前appreciably 明显的，可观的approval 赞成，批准aquatic水生的，水生植物aqueduct 沟渠，输水道aquifer 地下水，地下含水层as far as conveniently 尽量比较远as yet 到目前为止as（so）far as…is concerned 就…而论asphalt沥青，柏油assembly 集合，装配，议会assess 估价，确定，查定assess 估值assessment 评价，评估asset 财富，（pl）资产assumption 假设astronomer 天文学家asymmetry 不对称at right angles 成直角atmostpheric refraction 大气折光attack 侵袭，腐蚀，投入augment v. 增大，扩大auxiliary 辅助的，备用的availability 可得性，可用性available 可利用的available discharge 可用流量，有效流量available head 可用水头avalanche 山崩，崩塌，涌至avocado n. 鳄梨awarding contract 签订合同B.C. 公元前Babbitt 乌金backhoe 反向铲backsight 后视bagwork 装袋工作，沙包balancing cut and fill 挖填平衡bare cost 裸值barragebarrage 拦河坝，挡水建筑物barricade 路障，挡墙basalt 玄武岩basin irrigation 格田淹没batching 配料，计量be （directly/inversely）…to 与…成正/反比be about to do sth. 即将做，不就就要做be defined as (被)定义为be essential to 对、、是必须的be expressed as (被)表达为be in urgent need 急需be indicative of 表现出be laden with 装满be lost in the mists of prehistory 史前渐被遗忘be of consequence 有意义be of the order of 大约，约为be sufficient for 足以满足be sufficient to 足够做bearing 轴承beaver 水獭皮，埋头苦干bedrock 基岩beef 牛肉bench mark（B.M) 水准点berm 小平台bicarbonate 重碳酸盐bid 出价，尝试bidder 出价人，投标人blade 叶片blanket 铺盖block 堵塞，断路，阻挡block 块体blotting 吸去，涂去bluff 陡壁bonus n. 附带的优点boost 提高border 边沿，边界border irrigation 畦灌borrow 借，采料场botton dump 底卸式boulder 漂砾boundary condition 边界条件brackish有盐味的，碱化的breaking stress 破坏应力British Standards(BS) 英国标准broadly speaking 概括地说bronze 青铜bucket 戽斗，轮叶buckling 屈曲buckling 弯曲build up 加固bulkhead隔板，围堰bulldozer 推土机，压路机bureau 局，科butrescible 会腐败的，容易腐烂的buttress 支持物，支柱，加强ca.=circa 大约cableway 索道，缆道cage 骨架call for bid 招标cam 凸轮camber 预留部分camp 帐篷，工房canal lining渠道衬砌，运河衬砌cantilever 支撑木canyon 峡谷capillary 毛细作用，毛细现象capital cost 造价，投资费用Capital recovery cost 资金偿还贷care must be exercised 必须满意carrot胡萝卜，屑carry-over 夹带，转移，滚进carry-over storage 年调节库容casing 蜗壳cast iron 铸铁cast steel 铸铜catchment 集水，集水处，流域，集水量category 种类，类别，部门cavitation 空蚀Celsius a.,n. 摄氏（温度）cementing粘结，胶结center-pivot a. 自转的centers 中心距centrifugal force 离心力centroid 距心，重心cereals 谷物，粮食作物charting 制图chief engineer 总工程师chisel 雕，凿chlorine n. 氯气choke 淤塞，阻塞塞满chord 弦chute 斜槽circumference 轮周，周围civil works 土建，土木工程cleaniness 清洁clearing 砍伐，空旷地climatological a. 气候的clogging n. 阻塞；闭合close-growing a. 密集生长的coarse-textured a. 粗组织结构的cobble 圆石coefficient 系数，折算率cofferdam 围堰，防水堰cohesive粘聚的，粘结的coil 线圈，绕级，感应圈coincidence 符合，一致，同时发生collectively 总起来说，共同的combustion 燃烧commence 开始，倡导commencement 开始，开端commensurable 可公度的commensurable to 相当的commensurable with 相应的commercial 商业上的commissioner 专员community 居住区，地区compact 浇筑，压缩compact 压实comparable 比较的compile 编辑，搜集compound interest 复利compound interest factor 复利因子compound 化合物compressed-air plant 压缩空气装置compressive strength 抗压强度conclusion 结论，推论concrete bag work 装袋干拌混凝土concrete bucket 混凝土吊罐concurrent同时发生的condense 凝结conduit 管道，水道confer with 与...商量conjugate 共轭的connate 同源的，同生的consequently 从而，因此conservation 保护conservation 保守的，不变的conservationist n. (自然资源)保护论者consolidation 固结，凝固constancy 不变性，固定性constant 常数constructe 构成，形成consult 商量consume 消耗，消费consumptive a. 消费的，消耗的contamination 污染，弄脏content 内容，容量contour 沿等高线修筑contract 订立合同，承包contractor 承包者，包工头conventional 惯用的，传统的conversion 转化，变换，换算convert to 转化成conveyor 输送机core 心墙core 心墙corporation 公司corps of Engineers 工程师协会correlation 关联，相关性，互相关系corrugation n. 田间浅沟；波状沟cosmic 宇宙的，广大无边的costly 昂贵的，重价的cover up 包裹，隐藏，掩盖cracking 破裂creep 渗水，漏电crisis 危机，紧急关头criterion 标准，依据critical period of demand 需水临界期cross section 截面cross-section 横断面crown 冠crown cantilever analysis 拱冠悬臂梁分析crumb n. 碎屑crush 轧碎crushing 挤压，压碎crushing strength 破坏强度cultivate vt. 耕种；开垦；种植culvert 涵洞，暗渠，电缆管道culvert n. 涵洞，阴沟curb 路沿石，路牙cure 养护curved dam 弧形坝customary 通常的，习惯的cut 切割，剪辑，分割cut back 减少；降低cutoff 截水墙，排水管，防渗幕cylinder 圆柱体cylinder 圆柱汽缸Dalton’s low 道尔顿定律dashed line 虚线datum 基准面debris 碎片decimal fraction （十进制）小数decline 下降，下落deductive 推论的deficit 欠缺，不足deflection 挠度degradation 降低degradation 降解，减低degree of compaction 压实度delay 抑制，减速，推迟，deliberate考虑，讨论，谨慎的，故意的delta n. 三角洲deluge 洪水，大水灾，大雨，暴雨deployment配置，部署，利用deposit 沉积物deposition 沉积，沉淀物depression降低desalt 除去、、盐分detention basin 蓄洪区，拦洪区devastate 使...荒废devastating floods 毁灭性的洪水device 方法，手段devise 想出，设计diastrophic 地壳运动的differential leveling 水准测量dike 堤，坝dilute 稀释，冲淡dilution n. 稀释，冲淡direct tension 轴向受位disburse 支付，付出dischange capacity 泄水能力discharge卸下，排放disk 转轮，圆盘disk 转轮，圆盘disposal works 排水枢纽distinct 与其他不同，定量的distinguish between 区别、、和、、distribution reservoir 配水水库divert 使转向，分水do what he can 力所能及的downgrade 下坡downhill 下坡draft tube 尾水管dragline 绳斗电铲，拉铲挖土机dragline牵引索drainage basin 流域drainage blanket 排水铺盖drainage gallery 排水廊道drainage modulus排水模数dredge挖泥机drift 飘动，漂浮drill 钻drive into 敲入drought 干旱季节，旱灾durable 耐久的，坚牢的duration 短期的dynamic action 动力作用earth’s curvature 地球曲率earthfills 填上earthwork土方ecological 生态学的ecologist n. 生态学家elevation 高程，海拔eliminate 消除elongated a. 细长的，延长的embankment 土堤emergency spillway 非常溢洪道emergency 紧急，应急emitter n. 滴头；放射机empirical 经验性的，凭经验的encourage 促使encrustation n. 结晶；结壳enhancement 增加，提高enhance增加，提高enmity 不和，纠纷，敌对enterprise 企业，计划entry n. 进入，入口envelope curve 包络线equity 公平，无固定利息的股票equity-capital 新企业投资equivalent to 相当于erection 建设，安装，竖立erection 建筑erode 侵蚀，冲刷erodibility n.侵蚀；冲刷erodible a. 易受腐蚀，侵蚀，冲刷erosion 侵蚀，腐蚀，侵害escape 涌出，逸出establish 建立，设立，制定，规定evapotranspirtion n. 腾发（量）eventually 终于，最后evidence 明显，根据evoke 唤起，博得。
建筑设计：水利水电工程专业(水文与水资源篇)中英文对照翻译
水利水电工程专业〔水文与水资源篇〕中英文对照翻译水利水电工程专业〔水文与水资源篇〕中英文对照翻译1. Hydrological Cycle and BudgetHydrology is an earth science. It encompasses the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of the waters of the earth and theirenvironmental relations. Closely allied fields include geology, climatology, meteorology and oceanography.水文学是一门地球科学。
它包含地球水资源的发生、分布、运动和特质，以及其环境关系。
与之密切相关领域包括地质学，气候学，气象学和海洋学。
The hydrologic cycle is a continuous process by which water is transported from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land and back to the sea. Manysub-cycles exist. The evaporation of inland water and its subsequent precipitation over land before returning to the ocean is one example. The driving force for the global water transport system is provided by the sun, which furnishes the energy required for evaporation. Note that the water quality also changes during passage through the cycle; for example, sea water is converted to fresh water through evaporation.水文循环是一个连续的过程，在这个过程中水从海洋被运输到大气中，降落到陆地，然后回到海洋。
(2021年整理)水利专业名词(中英文对照)
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水利专业名词(中英) A安全储备 safety reserve安全系数 safety factor安全性 safety岸边溢洪道 river-bank spillway岸边绕渗 by-pass seepage around bank slope 岸墙 abutment wall岸塔式进水口 bank—tower intakeB坝的上游面坡度 upstream slpoe of dam坝的下游面 downstream face of dam坝顶 dam crest坝顶长度 crest length坝顶超高 freeboard of dam crest坝高 dam height坝顶高程 crest elevation坝顶宽度 crest width坝段 monolith坝基处理 foundation treatment坝基排水 drain in dam foundation坝基渗漏 leakage of dam foundation坝肩 dam abutment坝壳 dam shell坝坡 dam slope坝坡排水 drain on slope坝体混凝土分区 grade zone of concrete in dam坝体排水系统 drainage system in dam坝型选择 selection of dam type坝址选择 selection of dam site坝趾 dam toe坝踵 dam heel坝轴线 dam axis本构模型 constitutive model鼻坎 bucket比尺 scale比降 gradient闭门力 closing force边墩 side pier边界层 boundary layer边墙 side wall边缘应力 boundary stress变形观测 deformation observation变中心角变半径拱坝 variable angle and radius arch dam 标准贯入试验击数 number of standard penetration test 冰压力 ice pressure薄壁堰 sharp—crested weir薄拱坝 thin-arch dam不均匀沉降裂缝 differential settlement crack不平整度 irregularityC材料力学法 method of strength of materials材料性能分项系数 partial factor for property of material 侧槽溢洪道 side channel spillway侧轮 side roller侧收缩系数 coefficient of side contraction测缝计 joint meter插入式连接 insert type connection差动式鼻坎 differential bucket掺气 aeration掺气槽 aeration slot掺气减蚀 cavitation control by aeration厂房顶溢流 spill over power house沉降 settlement沉井基础 sunk shaft foundation沉沙池 sediment basin沉沙建筑物 sedimentary structure沉沙条渠 sedimentary channel沉陷缝 settlement joint沉陷观测 settlement observation衬砌的边值问题 boundary value problem of lining衬砌计算 lining calculation衬砌自重 dead-weight of lining承载能力 bearing capacity承载能力极限状态 limit state of bearing capacity 持住力 holding force齿墙 cut—off wall冲击波 shock wave冲沙闸 flush sluice冲刷坑 scour hole重现期 return period抽排措施 pump drainage measure抽水蓄能电站厂房 pump-storage power house出口段 outlet section初步设计阶段 preliminary design stage初参数解法 preliminary parameter solution 初生空化数 incipient cavitation number初应力法 initial stress method船闸 navigation lock垂直升船机 vertical ship lift纯拱法 independent arch method次要建筑物 secondary structure刺墙 key-wall粗粒土 coarse-grained soil错缝 staggered jointD大坝安全评价 assessment of dam safety大坝安全监控 monitor of dam safety大坝老化 dam aging大头坝 massive—head dam单层衬砌 monolayer lining单级船闸 lift lock单线船闸 single line lock挡潮闸 tide sluice挡水建筑物 retaining structure导流洞 diversion tunnel导墙 guide wall倒虹吸管 inverted siphon倒悬度 overhang等半径拱坝 constant radius arch dam等中心角变半径拱坝 constant angle and variable radius arch dam 底流消能 energy dissipation by hydraulic jump底缘 bottom edge地基变形 foundation deformation地基变形模量 deformation modulus of foundation地基处理 foundation treatment地下厂房 underground power house地下厂房变压器洞transformer tunnel of underground power house 地下厂房出线洞 bus-bar tunnel of underground power house地下厂房交通洞 access tunnel of underground power house地下厂房通风洞 ventilation tunnel of underground power house 地下厂房尾水洞 tailwater tunnel of underground power house 地下轮廓线 under outline of structure地下水 groundwater地形条件 topographical condition地形图比例尺 scale of topographical map地应力 ground stress地震 earthquake地震烈度 earthquake intensity地质条件 geological condition垫层 cushion垫座 plinth吊耳 lift eye调度 dispatch跌坎 drop—step跌流消能 drop energy dissipation跌水 drop迭代法 iteration method叠梁 stoplog丁坝 spur dike定向爆破堆石坝 directed blasting rockfill dam动强度 dynamic strength动水压力 hydrodynamic pressure洞内孔板消能 energy dissipation by orifice plate in tunnel洞内漩流消能 energy dissipation with swirling flow in tunnel 洞身段 tunnel body section洞室群 cavern group洞轴线 tunnel axis陡坡 steep slope渡槽短管型进水口 intake with pressure short pipe断层 fault堆石坝 rockfill dam对数螺旋线拱坝log spiral arch dam多级船闸 multi-stage lock多线船闸 multi-line lock多心圆拱坝 multi—centered arch dam多用途隧洞 multi-use tunnelE二道坝 secondary damF发电洞 power tunnel筏道 logway反弧段 bucket反滤层 filter防冲槽 erosion control trench防洪 flood preventi，flood control防洪限制水位 restricted stage for flood prevention防浪墙 parapet防渗墙 anti-seepage wall防渗体 anti—seepage body放空底孔 unwatering bottom outlet非常溢洪道 emergency spillway非线性有限元 non-linear finite element method非溢流重力坝 nonoverflow gravity dam分岔 fork分洪闸 flood diversion sluice分项系数 partial factor分项系数极限状态设计法 limit state design method of partial factor 封拱 arch closure封拱温度 closure temperature浮筒式升船机ship lift with floats浮箱闸门 floating camel gate浮运水闸 floating sluice辅助消能工 appurtenant energy dissipationG刚体极限平衡法 rigid limit equilibrium method刚性支护 rigid support钢筋混凝土衬砌 reinforced concrete lining钢筋计 reinforcement meter钢闸门 steel gate高边坡 high side slope高流速泄水隧洞 discharge tunnel with high velocity工程管理 project management工程规划 project plan工程量 quantity of work工程设计 engineering design工程施工 engineering construction工作桥 service bridge工作闸门 main gate拱坝坝肩岩体稳定 stability of rock mass near abutment of arch dam 拱坝布置 layout of arch dam拱坝上滑稳定分析 up—sliding stability analysis of arch dam拱坝体形 shape of arch dam拱端 arch abutment拱冠 arch crown拱冠梁法 crown cantilever method拱冠梁剖面 profile of crown cantilever拱内圈 intrados拱外圈 extrados固结 consolidation固结灌浆 consolidation grouting管涌 piping灌溉 irrigation规范 code，specification过坝建筑物 structures for passing dam过滤层 transition layer过渡区 transition zone过木机 log conveyer过木建筑物 log pass structures过鱼建筑物 fish-pass structuresH海漫 flexible涵洞 culvert河道冲刷 river bed scour荷载 load荷载组合 load combination横缝 transverse joint横拉闸门 horizontal rolling /sliding gate 洪水标准 flood standard虹吸溢洪道 siphon spillway厚高比 thickness to hight ratio弧形闸门 radial gate护岸工程 bank—protection works护坡 slope protection护坦 apron戽琉消能 bucke-type energy dissipation滑坡 land slip滑楔法 sliding wedge method环境评价 environment assessment换土垫层 cushion of replaced soil回填灌浆 backfill grouting混凝土 concrete混凝土衬砌 concrete lining混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoff wall混凝土面板 concrete face slab混凝土面板堆石坝 concrete-faced rockfill dam 混凝土重力坝 concrete gravity damJ基本荷载组合 basic load combination基本剖面 basic profile基面排水 base level drainage激光准直发 method of laser alignment极限平衡法 limit equilibrium method极限状态 limit state坚固系数 soundness coefficient剪切模量 shear modulus剪切应力 shear stress检查 inspection检修闸门 bulkhead简单条分法 simple slices method建筑材料 construction material渐变段 transition键槽 key/key—way浆砌石重力坝 cement—stone masonry gravity dam 交叉建筑物 crossing structure交通桥 access bridge校核洪水位 water level of check floo校核流量 check flood discharge接触冲刷 contact washing接触流土 soil flow on contact surface节制闸 controlling sluice结构可靠度 reliability of structure结构力学法 structural mechanics method结构系数 structural coefficient截流环 cutoff collar截水槽 cutoff trench进口段 inlet进口曲线 inlet curve进水喇叭口 inlet bellmouth进水闸 inlet sluice浸润面 saturated area浸润线 saturated line经济评价 economic assessment井式溢洪道 shaft spillway均质土坝 homogeneous earth damK开敞式溢洪道 open channel spillway开裂机理 crack mechanism勘测 exploration survey坎上水深 water depth on sill抗冲刷性 scour resistance抗冻性 frost resistance抗滑稳定安全系数 safety coefficient of stability against sliding 抗剪断公式 shear—break strength formula抗剪强度 shear strength抗裂性 crack resistance抗磨 abrasion—resistance抗侵蚀性 erosion-resistance抗震分析 analysis of earthquake resistance颗粒级配曲线 grain size distribution curve可靠度指标 reliability index可行性研究设计阶段 design stage of feasibility study空腹重力坝 hollow gravity dam空腹拱坝 hollow arch dam空化 cavitation空化数 cavitation number空蚀 cavitation damage控制堰 control weir枯水期 low water period库区 reservoir area宽顶堰 broad crested weir宽缝重力坝 slotted gravity dam宽高比 width to height ratio扩散段 expanding section扩散角 divergent angleL拦沙坎 sediment control sill拦污栅 trash rack廊道 gallery浪压力 wave pressure棱体排水 prism drainage理论分析 theory analysis力法方程 canonical equation of force method 连续式鼻坎 plain bucket联合消能 combined energy dissipation梁式渡槽 beam-type flume量水建筑物 water-measure structure裂缝 crack临界水力坡降 critical hydraulic gradient临时缝 temporary joint流量 discharge流速 flow velocity流态 flow pattern流土 soil flow流网 flow net流向 flow direction露顶式闸门 emersed gateM马蹄形断面 horseshoe section脉动压力 fluctuating pressure锚杆支护 anchor support门叶 gate flap迷宫堰 labyrinth weir面流消能 energy dissipation of surface regime 模型试验 model test摩擦公式 friction factor formula摩擦系数 coefficient of friction目标函数 objective functionN内部应力 internal stress内摩擦角 internal friction angle内水压力 internal water pressure挠度观测 deflection observation粘性土 cohesive soil碾压混凝土重力坝 roller compacted concrete gravity dam 凝聚力 cohesion扭曲式鼻坎 distorted type bucketP排沙底孔 flush bottom outlet排沙漏斗 flush funnel排沙隧洞 flush tunnel排水 drainage排水孔 drain hole排水设施 drainage facilities抛物线拱坝 parabolic arch dam喷混凝土支护shotcrete support喷锚支护 spray concrete and deadman strut漂木道 log chute平板坝 flat slab buttress dam平衡重式升船机vertical ship lift with counter weight 平面闸门 plain gate平压管 equalizing pipe坡率 slope ratio破碎带 crush zone铺盖 blanketQ启门力 lifting force砌石拱坝 stone masonry arch dam潜坝 submerged dam潜孔式闸门 submerged gate倾斜仪 clinometer曲线形沉沙池 curved sedimentary basin渠首 canal head渠道 canal渠系建筑物 canal system structure取水建筑物 water intake structureR人工材料心墙坝earth-rock dam with manufactured central core 人字闸门 mitre gate任意料区 miscellaneous aggregate zone溶洞 solution cavern柔度系数 flexibility coefficient褥垫式排水 horizontal blanket drainage软弱夹层 weak intercalationS三角网法 triangulation method三角形单元 triangular element三心圆拱坝 three center arch dam三轴试验 triaxial test上游 upstream设计洪水位 design flood level设计基准期 design reference period设计阶段 design stage设计阶段划分 dividing of design stage 设计流量 design discharge设计状况系数 design state coefficient 设计准则 design criteria伸缩缝 contraction joint渗流比降 seepage gradient渗流变形 seepage deformation渗流分析 seepage analysis渗流量 seepage discharge渗流体积力 mass force of seepage渗流系数 permeability coefficient 生态环境 ecological environment生态平衡 ecological balance失效概率 probability of failure施工导流 construction diversion施工缝 construction joint施工管理 construction management施工条件 construction condition施工图阶段 construction drawing stage实体重力坝 solid gravity dam实用剖面 practical profile实用堰 practical weir事故闸门 emergency gate视准线法 collimation method收缩段 constringent section枢纽布置 layout of hydraulic complex输水建筑物 water conveyance structure竖式排水 vertical drainage数值分析 numerical analysis双层衬砌 double—layer lining双曲拱坝 double curvature arch dam水电站地下厂房 underground power house水电站建筑物 hydroelectric station structure 水垫塘 cushion basin水工建筑物 hydraulic structure水工隧洞 hydraulic tunnel水环境 water environment水库吹程 fetch水库浸没 reservoir submersion水库渗漏 reservoir leakage水库坍岸 reservoir bank caving水库淹没 reservoir inundation水力劈裂 hydraulic fracture水利工程 hydraulic engineering，water project 水利工程设计 design of hydroproject水利工程枢纽分等 rank of hydraulic complex水利枢纽 hydraulic complex水面线 water level line水能 hydraulic energy水平位移 horizontal displacement水体污染 water pollution水土流失 water and soil loss水位急降 instantaneous reservoir drawdown水压力 hydraulic pressu水闸 sluice水质 water quality水资源 water resources顺坝 longitudinal dike四边形单元 quadrangular element塑性破坏 failure by plastic flow塑性变形 plastic deformation塑性区 plastic range锁坝 closure dike锁定器 dog deviceTT型墩 T—type pier塌落拱法 roof collapse arch method塔式进水口 tower intake台阶式溢流坝面 step—type overflow face弹塑性理论 elastoplastic theory弹性基础梁 beam on elastic foundation弹性抗力 elastic resistance弹性中心 elastic centre弹性理论 theory of elasticity特殊荷载组合 special load combination体形优化设计 shape optimizing design挑距 jet trajectory distance挑流消能 ski-jump energy dissipation挑射角 exit angle of jet调压室 surge tank贴坡排水 surface drainage on dam slope通航建筑物 navigation structure通气孔 air hole土工复合材料 geosynthetic土工膜 geomembrane土工织物 geotexile土石坝 earth—rock dam土压力 earth pressure土质材料斜墙坝 earth-rock dam with inclined soil core 土质心墙坝 earth-rock dam with central soil core驼峰堰 hump weir椭圆曲线 elliptical curveWWES型剖面堰 WES curve profile weir外水压力 external water pressure弯矩平衡 moment equilibrium围岩 surrounding rock围岩强度 strength of surrounding rock 围岩稳定分析围岩压力 surrounding rock pressu帷幕灌浆 curtain grouting维修 maintenance尾水渠 tailwater canal温度缝 temperature joint温度计 thermometer温度应变 temperature strain温度应力 temperature stress温降 temperature drop温升 temperature rise污水处理 sewage treatment无坝取水 undamed intake无粘性土 cohesionless soil无压泄水孔 free-flow outletX下游 downstream现场检查 field inspection橡胶坝 rubber dam消力池 stilling basin消能防冲设计 design of energy dissipation and erosion control 消能工 energy dissipator校核洪水位 water level of check flood校核流量 check flood discharge斜缝 inclined joint斜墙 inclined core泄洪洞 flood discharge tunnel泄洪雾化 flood discharge atomization泄水重力坝 overflow gravity dam胸墙 breast wall悬臂梁 cantiever beam汛期 flood perioY压力计 pressure meter压缩曲线 compressive curve淹没系数 coefficient of submergence扬压力 uplift养护 cure液化 liquifaction溢洪道 spillway溢流面 overflow face溢流前缘 length of overflow crest溢流堰顶 overflow crest溢流重力坝 overflow gravity dam翼墙 wing wall翼墙式连接 wing wall type connection引航道 approach channel引水渠 diversion canal引张线法 tense wire method应力分析 stress analysis应力集中 stress concentration应力应变观测 stress-strain observation应力重分布 stress redistribution永久缝 permanent joint优化设计 optimizing design有坝取水 barrage intake有效库容 effective storage预压加固 soil improvement by preloading 预应力衬砌 prestressed lining原型 prototype约束条件 constraint condition允许水力坡降allowable hydraulic gradientZ增量法 increment method闸底板 floor of slui闸墩 pier闸孔 sluice opening闸孔跨距 span of sluice opening闸门槽 gate slot闸室 chamber of sluice闸首 lock head闸址 sluice site正槽溢洪道 chute spillw正常使用极限状态 limit state of normal operation 正应力 normal stress正常溢洪道 main spillw支墩坝 buttress dam止水 watertight seal止水装置 sealing device趾板 toe slab趾墩 toe pier滞回圈 hysteresis loop主应力 principal stress纵缝 longitudinal joint阻尼比 damped ratio作用 action作用水头 working pressure head最优含水率 optimum moisture content。
水利水文术语表-中英对照
水圈hydrosphere水体water body水科学water science水文学hydrology陆地水文学land hydrology应用水文学applied hydrology工程水文学engineering hydrology水汽water vapour水文要素hydrologic elements积雪snow cover终雪latest snow融雪snowmelt冰雹hail截留interception填洼depression detention地面滞留surface detention陆面蒸发evaporation of land水面蒸发evaporation of water surface 土壤蒸发evaporation from soil散发（植物蒸腾）transpiration蒸发能力evaporation capability下渗（入渗）infiltration稳渗steady infiltration下渗能力infiltration capability河川径流river runoff 降雨径流rainfall runoff暴雨径流storm runoff融雪径流snowmelt runoff枯季径流dry season runoff基流base flow阴塞高压blocking high低空急流low－level jet低涡vortex反气旋（高压）anticyclone气旋（低压）cyclone热带气旋tropic cyclone热带低压tropic depression热带风暴tropic storm强热带风暴severe tropic storm 气团air mass锋（锋面）front气象meteorology气候区划climatic regionalization 气候带climatic zone小气候microclimate副热带（亚热带）subtropic zone 比湿specific humidity蒲福风级Beaufort wind scale霜点frost point霜冻frostbite无霜期frost－free period流域watershed (basin)闭合流域enclosed basin不闭合流域non－enclosed basin闭流区（内流区）bling drainage area分水线（分水岭）divide流域几何特征basin geometric characteristics 河道复流（河道再生）resurgence常年河perennial stream间歇河intermittent stream悬河（地上河）elevated stream夺流河（断头河）captured river盈水河gaining stream亏水河losing stream暴洪河流flashy stream界河boundary river废河道（古河道）dead river凹岸concave bank凸岸convex bank岸壁land wall水边线（岸线）water line堤防levee河长river length河弯river bend弯曲率tortuosity 航道navigable channel河段reach潜洲submerged bar水利学hydraulics明渠水力学open channel hydraulics水静力学hydrostatics水动力学hydrodynamics明渠水流open channel flow恒定流steady flow非恒定流unsteady flow均匀流（等速流）uniform flow非均匀流（变速流）non－uniform flow 急流supercritical flow缓流subcritical flow异重流density current临界流critical flow临界水深critical depth临界流速critical velocity临界流量critical discharge水头head位置水头（位能）elevation head低强水头（压能）pressure head流速水头（动能）velocity head雷诺数Reymold number韦伯数Weber number水力因素hydraulic factor湿周wetted perimeter水力半径hydraulic radius宽深比width－depth ratio落差fall驻波standing wave移动波translation wave河流动力学river dynamics山洪侵蚀torrential erosion流域产沙量watershed sediment yield溶解性总固体total dissolved solids离子含量ion concentration离子总量total ion concentration离子流量ion discharge矿化度mineral content盐度salinity碱度alkalinity酸度acidity电导率electric conductivity混浊度（浊度）turbidity总需氧量total oxygen demand溶解氧dissolved oxygen需氧量oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand 滑雪需氧量chemical oxygen demand 硬度hardness非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度）non－carbonate hardness浮冰floating ice锚冰anchor ice封冻期freeze－up period封冻（封河）freeze－up平封flat freeze－up立封upright freeze－up冰盖ice cover连底冻grounded ice cover冰丘ice mound封冻冰缘ice edge of freeze－up清沟lead初生清沟primary lead再生清沟secondary lead冰花路毡sludge road felt冰上覆雪snow cover over ice冰脊ice ridge冰缝crack悬冰suspended ice cover冰堆ice pack冰塞ice jam冰上结冰aufeis解冻期break－up period冰变色color change of ice cover冰上有水accumulation of melt water 月中天lunar transit引潮力tidal generation force天文潮astronomic tide气象潮metorologic tide潮汐周期tidal cycle半日潮semidiurnal tide全日潮diurnal tide混合潮mixed tide大潮spring tide小潮neap tide中潮moderate tide太阴月lunar day潮期duration of tide涨潮历时duration of tidal rise落潮历时duration of tidal fall潮流tidal current涨潮流flood tidal current落潮流ebb tidal current憩流slack tide潮流速tidal velocity往复流reversing current旋转流rotary current潮流期duration of tidal current 涨潮流历时duration of flood current地下水流速velocity of groundwater flow地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）hydraulic gradient of groundwater地下水等水位线图water－table contour map 含水层aquifer含水岩系water－content rock series含水岩组water－content rock formation含水岩性water－content rock property含水介质water－hearing medium均匀介质homogeneous medium非均匀介质inhomogeneous medium含水层边界aquifer boundary透水边界permeable boundary隔水边界confining boundary弱透水边界acquitted boundary透水层permeable bed隔水层confining bed弱透水层acquitter水文地质参数hydrogeological parameters渗透系数permeability coefficient导水系数(释水系数）coefficient of transmissivity贮水系数storativity水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）coefficient of water table conductivity压力传导系数coefficient of pressure conductivity持水度water－holding capacity土壤水分常数soil moisture constants土壤吸湿系数absorption coefficient of soil moisture凋萎系数wilting coefficient田间持水量field capacity毛管断裂含水量moisture content at capillary rupture最大水分吸水量maximum molecular moisture content零通量面法zero flux plane method潜水phreatic water降水入渗补给precipitation recharge降水入渗补给系数coefficient of precipitation recharge地表水补给surface water recharge凝结水补给condensation recharge侧向补给lateral recharge越流补给leakage recharge灌溉补给系数irrigation recharge coefficient of groundwater潜水蒸发phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发临界深度critical depth of phreatic water evaporation潜水溢出量phreatic water overflow to surface 潜水位phreatic water level潜水埋深buried depth of phreatic water level潜水含水层厚度thickness of phreatic water aquifer内流湖endorheic lake淡水湖fresh lake咸水湖salt lake盐湖saline lake季节性湖泊seasonal lake富营养湖泊eutrophic lake贫营养湖泊poornutrient lake湖流lake current梯度流gradient current漂流current of friction湖泊波漾（假湖）lake seiche湖泊增减水lake wind denivellation湖泊率lake ratio湖泊补给系数recharge coefficient of lake湖泊换水周期lake residence period湖盆lake basin湖面高程elevation of water level in lake岛屿率insulosity湖泊分层lake layering正温层direct thermal stratification逆温层inverse thermal stratification湖泊形态参数morphometric parameter of lake 高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽）main level mire中位沼泽（中营养沼泽）medium level mire 沼泽水量平衡water balance of mire沼泽水mire water沼泽蒸发mire evaporation沼泽径流mire runoff沼泽表面流surface flow of mire沼泽表层流surface layer flow of mire沼泽含水性moisture property of mire沼泽持水性water retention of mire沼泽透水性perviousness of mire沼泽率mire ratio冰川glacier山地冰川（山岳冰川）mountain glacier谷冰川valley glacier宽尾冰川broad－tail glacier冰斗冰川cirque glacier悬冰川hanging glacier贯通冰川（山麓冰川）penetrating glacier冰原ice field冰川平衡线equilibrium line of glacier委托观测entrust gauging 水文仪器hydrologic instrument直读仪器direct－reading instrument自记仪器automatic－recording instrument 遥测仪器remote telemetry unit固态存贮器solid storage计数器counter记录器recorder显示器display unit平均无故障工作时间mean time between failures相应水位equivalent stage水文测站hydrometric station基本站basic station辅助站auxiliary station专用站special station水文试验站hydraulic experimental station 基准水文站bench mark hydrologic station 水文气象站hydrometeorology station巡测站tour gauging station水文站gauging station雨量站网rain gauging network水面蒸发站网water surface evaporation network水位站网stage gauging network泥沙站网sediment gauging network水质站网water quality network地下水观测井网groundwater voservation well network站网规划hydrologic network planning水文分区hydrologic regionalization站网布设network layout容许最稀站网minimum network设站年限station required age基面datum临时水准点temporary benchmark测验断面measuring cross－section基本水尺断面basic gauge cross－section流速仪测流断面current－meter measuring cross－section浮标测流断面float measuring cross－section 比降水尺断面slope measuring cross－section 辅助水尺断面secondary gauging cross－section临时测流断面temporary measuring cross－section水文缆道hydrometric cableway悬索缆道suspended cableway悬杆缆道suspended rod cableway机动缆道motorized cableway手动缆道hand－operating cableway 循环索loop cable起重索suspension cable水文缆车hydrometric cable car吊船过河索cableway for anchoring boat 缆道测验仪cableway measuring device 水文测船hydrometric boat水文测桥hydrometric bridge桥测车gauging vehicle on bridge水文巡测车tour gauging vehicle for hygrometry雨量器raingauge承水器raingauge receiver量杯measuring glass渠积雨量器accumulative raingauge雨量计rainfall recorder虹吸式雨量计siphon rainfall recorder翻斗式雨量计tipping－bucket rainfall recorder长期雨量计long－term rainfall recorder 遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorder 测雨雷达precipitation－monitoring radar 雪量线snow gauge雨雪量计rain and snow recorder蒸发量evaporation蒸发量观测evaporation observation蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporation遮挡率screen ratio蒸发器evaporation pan小型蒸发器（蒸发皿）small evaporation pan E－601型蒸发器evaporation pan of type E－601漂浮蒸发器floating evaporation pan蒸发计evaporimeter遇测蒸发计telemetering evaporimeter钩形水尺hook gauge最高水位水尺crest stage gauge校核水尺check gauge基本水尺断面basic gauge辅助水尺断面auxiliary gauge比降水尺断面slope gauge临时水尺temporary gauge水位计stage gauge自记水位计stage recorder浮子式水位计float－type stage recorder压力式水位计pressure－type stage recorder 超声波水位计ultrasonic stage recorder遥测水位计telemetering stage recorder接触试水位计contact－type stage recorder远传水位计telecontrol stage recorder 自记水位计台stage recorder installation静水井stilling well测得水深measured depth有效水深effective depth相对水深relative depth断面平均水深mean depth at a cross－section干绳改正air line correction湿绳改正wet line correction测点流速velocity measurement测速垂线surface velocity水面流速velocity at a point测点流速maximum point velocity最大测点流速velocity－measuring vertical垂线平均流速mean velocity at a vertical部分平均流速mean velocity at a segment断面平均流速cross－section velocity distribution浮标流速point velocity coefficient中泓流速surface velocity coefficient流速分布velocity distribution流速梯度velocity gradient垂线流速分布vertical velocity distribution断面流速分布cross－section velocity distribution水面流速分布surface velocity coefficient顺流downstream flow逆流upstream flow流速脉动velocity pulsation中泓流速midstream流向测量flow－direction measurement体积法cubature流速仪current－meter转子式流速仪rotating－element current－meter旋杯式流速仪cup－type current－meter旋桨式流速仪propeller－type current－meter 电波流速仪electric wave current－meter超声波剖面流速仪ultrasonic pro－meter多普勒流速仪Doppler current－meter参证流速仪reference current－meter流量计flow meter文杜里水流计Venturi flow meter毕托管Pitot tube流速仪检定current－meter calibration检定槽calibration tank检定车calibration carriage水面浮标surface float小浮标small float双浮标double float浮杆float－rod 堰顶高程elevation of weir crest堰顶水头weir head水工建筑物测流flow measurement by hydraulic structure闸门开启高度gate opening行近河槽approach channel行近流速approach velocity堰流weir flow流态flow regime自由流free flow淹没流submerged flow半淹没流half－submerged flow孔流sluice flow射流jet flow淹没比submergence ratio淹没系数submergence coefficient流速系数velocity coefficient流量系数discharge coefficient稀释法测流dilution method for discharge measurement示踪剂tracer标准溶液standard solution背景浓度background concentration solution稀释比dilution ratio推移质输沙率测验bed load discharge measurement器策法sampling method坑测法pit method沙波法dune tracking method床沙测验bed material measurement照相法photographic method打印法stamp pad method床沙采样器bed material sampler悬移质采样器suspended sediment sampler 瞬时式采样器instantaneous sampler积时式采样器time－integrating sampler瓶式采样器bottled sampler皮囊式采样器collapsible sample泵式采样器pumping sampler调压式采样器pressure adjustable sampler 同位素测沙仪radioisotope sediment concentration meter光电测沙仪photoelectric sediment concentration meter 振动式测沙仪vibrational sediment concentration meter推移质采样器bed load sampler网式采样器basket－type sampler吸管pipet光电颗分仪photoelectric particle size meter 比重计（密度计）hydrometer 泥沙沉降sediment settling沉降速度settling velocity平均沉速mean settling velocity絮凝flocculation反凝剂defloeculant粒径particle diameter中数粒径median particle diameter平均粒径mean particle diameter等容粒径nominal diameter投影粒径projected diameter三轴平均粒径triaxial mean particle diameter 几何平均粒径geometric mean particle diameter筛析粒径sieve diameter沉降粒径settling diameter粒径组fraction of particle size颗粒级配grain－size distribution颗粒级配曲线grain－size distribution curve 单样颗粒级配index sample grain－size distribution垂线平均颗粒级配mean grain－size distribution in a vertical对照断面check cross－section控制断面control cross－section消减断面attenuation cross－section水样保存water－sample preservation检出率detected ratio超标率over－limit ratio痕迹量trace未检出nonreadout回收率recovery ratio溶解气体采样器dissolved gases sampler 冰情观测ice－regime observation固定点冰厚测址fixed－point ice thickness measurement冰情目测visual observation of ice regime 冰情符号ice code冰情图ice－regime charta初冰日期first－ice date封冰日期freeze－up date解冻日期break－up date终冰日期end ice date封冻历时freeze－up duration水浸冰厚thickness of immersed ice敲露水面宽open－water width冰流量ice discharge等深点流速改正法revised isobath－velocity method流速过程线改正法revised velocity－hydrograph method 有效潮差significant tidal range负波高negative wave height水库水文测验hygrometry of reservoir入库水量reservoir inflow出库水量reservoir outflow水库供水reservoir water supply水库弃水surplus water released frome reservoir水库渗漏量reservoir seepage volume水库蓄水变量variation of reservoir storage水库蓄水变率rate of reservoir storage change 坝上水位stage behind dam库区水位stage in reservoir region水库淤积测量reservoir sedimentation survey 水库淤积量reservoir sedimentation volume地形法method of topographic survey断面法method of cross－section survey淤积形态morphology of reservoir deposition 淤积三角洲sedimentation delta淤积物密度dry density of reservoir deposition岩溶地区水文调查hydrologic investigation in karst areas实际地表集水面积actual surface colleting area水文实验研究experimental research in hydrology代表流域representative basin实验流域experimental basin相似流域similar basin径流实验研究experimental research in runoff 径流场runoff plot人工降雨装置artificial rainfall device蒸发实验研究experimental research in evaporation蒸发池evaporation tank土壤蒸发器soil evaporator蒸散器evapotranspirometer农田蒸发器evaporator for agricultural land 蒸渗仪lysimeter地下水均衡场groundwater balance plot合理性检查rational examination电算整编processing by computer水文年鉴water year－book测站考证station examination站年station year极值extreme value加权平均法weighted mean method断流水位stage of zero flow河干river of zero flow水文过程线hydrograph水文综合过程线synthetic hydrograph 等值线isopleth分布曲线distribution curve水文特征值hydrologic characteristic value径流总量total runoff径流模数runoff modulus径流系数runoff coefficient洪峰flood peak洪水流量peak discharge洪水总量flood volume输沙模数modulus of sediment runoff水位流量关系stage－discharge relation连时序法chronological method绳套曲线loop curve流量过程线法discharge hydrograph method潮汐要素法tidal factor relation method定潮汐要素法constant tidal factor relation method合轴相关法coaxial correlation method一潮推流法method of discharge computation for a single tide水位流量关系single－valued processing of stage－discharge relation关系曲线延长extension of relation curve流率表rating table单断沙关系index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation单断沙关系曲线法index and cross－section aerage sediment concentration relation curve method水位单断沙比关系曲线法stage versus ratio of index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation curve method单断沙比过程线法hydrograph method of index and cross－section average sediment concentration ratio单样过程线法hydrograph method of index sediment concentration真值true value测量值（实测值）measured value最或然值most probable value绝对误差absolute error相对误差relative error插机误差（偶然误差）random error允许误差permissible error伪误差（粗差）spurious方差variance标准差standard deviation相对标准差relative standard deviation离差（偏差）deviation闭合差closure error平差adjustment精密度precision准确度correctness 垂线抽样误差（M型误差）measuring vertical sampling error分布式数据库distributed type data base集中式数据库concentrated type data base网络式数据库network type data base层次数据库laminarization data base层次数据模型laminarization data model网状数据模型network data model数据量data bulk结点node水文数据库hydrologic data base水文基本数据库hydrologic basic data base湖泊水文预报hydrologic firecasting of lake施工水文预报hydrologic forecasting for construction period潮汐预报tidal prediction旱情预报soil moisture forecasting地下水动态预报groundwater regime forecasting预见期forecast lead time超长期水文预报extended long－term hydrologic forecasting作业预报operational forecasting预报方案forecast scheme评定标准accuracy standard方案合格率qualified ratio of scheme确定性系数deterministic coefficient汛seasonal flood伏汛summer flood汛期flood season防汛flood defence报汛站flood－reporting station报汛站网flook－reporting network常年水情站perennial hydrologic reporting station汛期水情站hydrologic reporting station inflood season辅助水清站网auxiliary hydrologic reporting network洪水警报flood warning点雨量point rainfall面雨量areal rainfall泰森多边形Thiessen polygon等雨量线法isohyetal method产流runoff yield蓄满产流runoff yield at natural storage超渗产流runoff yield in excess of infiltration 产流面积area of runoff yield地表径流（直接径流）direct runoff地面流（坡面流）surface flow of mire 壤中流prompt subsurface flow前期影响雨量antecedent rainfall土壤缺水量soil moisture deficit下渗能力曲线（下渗曲线）infiltration capability curve初损initial losses后损（后渗）continuing losses坡面汇流overland flow concentration河网汇流（河槽汇流）river network flow concentration地下汇流groundwater flow concentration汇流曲线flow concentration curve流域汇流曲线basin flow concentration curve 坡面汇流曲线overland flow concentration curve河网汇流曲线river network flow concentration curve地下汇流曲线groundwater flow concentration curve流域汇流时间basin flow concentration time 洪峰滞时peak time lag流域滞时basin time lag等流滞时isochrone单位线unit hydrograph经验单位线empiricat unit hydrograph综合单位线synthetic unit hydrograph瞬时单位线instantaneous unit hydrograph地貌瞬时单位线geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph坡地单位线slope unit hydrograph河网单位线river network unit hydrographS－曲线S－curve无因次单位线dimensionless unit hydrograph退水曲线recession curve水文模型hydrologic model水文物理模型（水文实体模型）hydrophysical model比尺模型scale model比拟模型analogue model水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model水文概念模型physically－based hydrologic mathematic model水文数学物理模型deterministic hydrologic model确定性水文模型stochastic hydrologic model分散式模型distributed model集总式模型lumped model线性水温模型linear hydrologic model非线性水文模型nonlinear hydrologic model时不变水文模型time－invariant hydrologic model时变水文模型time－variant hydrologic model流域水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model of watershed模型结构model structure模型参数model parameter模型误差model error模型率定model calibration模型检验model verification水文模拟hydrologic simulation遥测终端机telemetry terminal meter中继机relay meter前置通信控制机preset communication controller自报式系统self－reporting system查询－应答式系统polling－answerback system混合式系统mix system时分制遥测系统time－division telemetry system频分制遥测系统frequency－division telemetry system误码率probability of word error接受率receiving probability设计站design station设计流域design watershed代表站representative station参证站bench－mark station典型年（代表年）typicyear水文系列hydrologic series同步系列synchronous series系列代表性series representativeness柱状图histogram诺谟图monogram输沙量计算（固体径流计算）computation of sediment runoff水库回水计算computation of reservoir backwater水库淤积计算computation of reservoir sedimentation水库下游河道冲刷计算computation of degradation below reservoir溃坝洪水计算evaluation of dam break flood感潮河段水力计算hydraulic calculation for tidal reach样本容量sample size随机变量random variable随机系列random series累计频率（频率）cumulative frequency经验频率empirical frequency 水文频率分布曲线（水文频率曲线）hydrologic frequency distribution curve皮尔逊分布Pearson distribution对数正态分布log normal distribution频率分析frequency analysis随机模拟stochastic simulation时间序列time series随机水文分析hydrologic stochastic analysis趋势项trend term周期项cycle term随机项stochastic term调和分析（谐波分析）harmonic analysis潜分析spectrum analysis回归分析（相关分析）regression analysis相关系数correlation coefficient自回归分析autoregression analysis逐步回归分析stepwise regression analysis设计供水design flood溢洪道设计洪水spillway design flood分期设计洪水stage design flood施工设计洪水design flood for construction period校核洪水check flood实测洪水observed flood调查洪水investigated flood古洪水paleoflood坝址洪水dam－site flood入库洪水reservoir inflow flood分项调查法item－by－item investigation method降雨径流模型法rainfall－runoff model method蒸发差值法evaporation difference method径流年内分配annual distribution of runoff径流多年变化multiyear variation of runoff丰水期high－water period平水期normal－water period枯水期（枯季）low－flow period丰水年wet year平水年（中水年）normal year枯水年dry year特枯水年extraordinary dry year连续丰水年continuous wet years连续枯水年continuous dry years水文年鉴water year设计雨型design storm pattern暴雨路径storm track暴雨时程分配time distribution of storm暴雨地区分布special distribution of storm暴雨参数等值线storm parametric isoline map 点面换算系数point－area conversion coefficient定点定面关系fixed point－fixed area relationship可能最大露点probable maximum dew point暴雨移置改正storm transposition correction流域形状改正watershed shape correction水汽改正moisture correction入流障碍改正inflow obstacle correction综合改正synthetic correction暴雨幅合分量convergence component of storm地形增强因子topographic increasing factor等百分数法isopercental method可能最大洪水probable maximum flood涝surface water logging渍subsurface waterlogging排涝surface waterlogging control排渍subsurface waterlogging control排涝规划waterlogging control planning排涝标准standard for waterlogging control排涝计算computation of waterlogging control 设计排涝流量design discharge for surface drainage设计排渍流量design drainage discharge ofsubsurface waterlogging control设计排涝水位design water level for surface drainage水荒water famine水资源评价water resources assessment水资源基础评价water resources basic assessment水量评价water quantity assessment水质评价water quality assessment地表水资源评价surface water resources assessment水资源评价指标indexes of water resources assessment水资源总量total amount of water resources地表水资源量surface water resources amount地下水资源量groundwater resources amount可利用量utilizable water地下水可开采量groundwater available yield可供水量available water supply径流调节runoff regulation综合利用水库调节（多目标水库调节）reservoir regulation for comprehensive utilization水库调洪reservoir flood routing水库供水调节reservoir regulation for water supply 水电站径流调节runoff regulation of hydropower regulation水库反调节reregulating reservoir水库群调节multi－reservoir regulation径流调节计算computation of runoff regulation时历法（长系列操作法）chronological series method概率法（数理统计法）probability method随机模拟法stochastic simulation method调节周期regulating period目标函数objective function约束方程constraint equation状态变量state variable决策变量decision variable数学规划mathematic programming线性规划linear programming非线性规划nonlinear programming水库防洪调度flood control scheduling of reservoir水库实时调度real－time reservoir scheduling水库群调度multi－reservoir scheduling水库预报调度reservoir scheduling based on forecast抽水蓄能pumped storage水沙调度scheduling of water and sediment水环境water environment水环境要素（水环境基质）water environment elements水环境背景值（水环境本底值）water environmental background value水生态系统aquatic ecosystem化学径流chemical runoff环境用水environmental water环境水文学environmental hydrology环境水力学environmental hydraulics环境水化学environmental hydrochemistry地下水超量开采groundwater overdraft人工补给（人工回灌）artificial recharge地下水降落漏斗groundwater depression cone 化学水污染chemical water pollution无机物水污染water pollution by inorganic substances有机物水污染water pollution by organic substances有毒物质水污染water pollution by toxic substances放射性水污染radioactive water pollution热污染thermal pollution生物水污染water pollution by organism 富营养化eutrophication次生水污染secondary water pollution地下水污染groundwater pollution水污染常规分析指标index of routine analysis for water pollution水污染遥感监测remote－sensing monitoring of water pollution污染物pollutant污染物迁移transport of pollutant机械迁移physical transport物理－化学迁移physicochemical transport人为污染源artificial pollution source天然污染源natural pollution source污染源调查investigation of pollution sources污染源控制pollution source control水质参数water quality parameters水质模型water quality model水温模型water temperature model水质生物评价biologic assessment of water quality水环境效益water environmental effect水污染环境效应environmental effect of water pollution水环境保护water environmental protection水质规划water quality planning河流水质规划river water quality planning水库水质规划reservoir water quality planning水污染综合防治规划planning of comprehensive water pollution control水源保护区protection zone of water source蒸发evaporation水位stage流速velocity流量discharge含沙量sediment concentration输沙率sediment discharge水温模型water temperature冰凌ice run水质water quality下垫面underlying surface水文情势hydrologic regime水文效应hydrologic effect水文循环（水循环）hydrologic cycle水量平衡water balance热量平衡heat balance盐量平衡salt balance大气水汽含量atmospheric water vapour content大气水汽输送atmospheric water vapour transport 水汽输送通量atmospheric water vapour flux 降雨面积rainfall area降雨分布rainfall distribution暴雨洪水storm flood冰凌洪水（凌讯）ice flood冰雪洪水ice－snow melt flood雨雪混合洪水rain and snowmelt flood山洪flash flood溃坝洪水dam－break flood大气环流atmospheric circulation行星尺度天气系统planetary scale weather system天气尺度天气系统synoptic scale weather system中小尺度天气系统meso and micro－scale weather风暴潮storm surge风暴中心storm center西风槽westerly trough东风波easterly wave低压槽trough高压脊ridge副热带高压subtropic high温带extratropic zone寒带frigid zone季风monsoon梅雨（霉雨）plum rains阵雨showery rain地形雨aerographic rain热带气旋雨rainfall in tropic cyclone卫星云图satellite cloud picture气压（大气压强）atmospheric pressure海平面气压sea－level pressure湿球温度wet－bulb temperature水汽压vapour pressure饱和水汽压saturation vapour pressure绝对湿度absolute humidity相对湿度relative humidity饱和差saturation deficit流域长度basin length流域平均高程basin elevation mean流域平均宽度basin width mean流域平均坡度basin slope mean流域不对称系数coefficient of basin nonsymmetric流域面积增长率growth ratio of drainage area 流域自然地理特征physiographic characteristics of basin水系（河系）hydrographic net人工河网artificial drainage network 河网密度drainage density明渠open channel河源headwaters冲沟gully溪流brook分支fork串沟bifurcation channel外流河exoreic river内陆河endothecia river减河relief channel控制河段control reach顺流河段straight reach弯曲河段bent reach扩散河段expanding reach收缩河段converging reach游荡河段wandering reach感潮河段tidal reach裁弯河段channel cutoff稳定河槽stable channel不稳定河槽（冲淤河槽）unstable channel 主槽main channel单式河槽single channel复式河槽compound channel河道横断面river cross－section河道纵断面river longitudinal profile断面特性cross－section characteristics河床形态channel morphology浅滩thoal急潭cataract河漫滩flood plain江心湖channel island有效水头effective head水头损失head loss沿程水头损失frictional head loss局部水头损失local head loss能面比降energy slope水面比降surface slope摩阻比降friction slope附加比降（加速比降）add slope河道比降（河床比降）channel slope水面横比降transverse slope of water surface 倒比降inverse slope总水头线total head line水面线water surface profile糙率roughness谢才系数Chezy coefficient谢才公式Chezy formula曼宁公式Manning formula输水因数（输水率）conveyance factor水跃hydraulic jump 水舌nappe回水曲线（壅水曲线）hackwater curve 弗汝德数Froude number悬移质suspended load推移质bed load床沙bed material床沙质bed material load冲泻质wash load河流泥沙运动sediment transport in river 泥沙起动incipient motion of sediment起动流速competent velocity造床流址dominant discharge泥沙密度density of sediment高含沙水流flow with hypereoncentration of sediment 泥石流debris flow水流挟沙能力sediment transport capacity of flow河床演变fluvial process冲刷scar淤积sedimentation沙量平衡sediment balance泥沙输移sediment transport泥沙输移比sediment delivery ratio浆河现象clogging of river sediment flow。
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SsYh_KUEnglishChinesepacking堆筑,堆积,填料,衬垫pair of points点偶palaeo-climatology古气候学palaeobiogeography古生物地理学palaeobotany古植物学Palaeocene epoch古新世palaeoecology古生态学palaeogeography古地理学palaeontological古生物学的palaeontology古生物学Palaeozoic era古生代Palaeozoic group古生界Paleocene epoch古新世Paleocene series古新世Paleogene period早第三纪Paleogene system下第三系paleometamorphism早期变质作用palimpsest structure变余结构palingenesis再生作用palintectic earthquake深源地震panel采区,采场,盘区,操纵台,仪表板,配电板para-unconformity(disconformity)假整合paragenesis共生,共生次序parallel平行线,纬线parallel banded structure平行带状构造parallel circuit并联电路parallel displacement平行位移parallel fault平行断层parallel to stratification平行层理parallel unconformity平行不整合paramenter参数paramorphism(1)全变质作用 (2)同质假象parget石膏partial gate opening闸门局部开启particle shape粒形particle size颗粒大小partition line缝合线pascal distribution帕斯卡分布passive earth pressure被动地压,被动土压力passive fault不活动断层passive resistance被动地压pastures牧草PC BookhousePC电脑书屋PC Software ReviewPC软件评价pea gravel细砾peacock stone孔雀石peak山顶,峰,巅peak discharge洪峰流量,最大流量peak flow洪峰流量peak production最高产量peak value巅值,峰值peak value (of shearing strength)峰值(抗剪强度)pearl spar白云石pearlite珍珠岩
Page 1SsYh_KUpearly luster珍珠光泽peat soil泥炭土pebbled sandstone卵石砂岩pebbly structure卵石构造pegmatite伟晶岩pelitic siltstone泥质粉砂岩pellicular water薄膜水pellucidity透明度Pelton wheel培尔顿式水轮penecontemporaneous后期变质percent sorption吸水率percentage of voids孔隙百分率perched groundwater滞水perched permanent groundwater永久滞水perched temporary groundwater暂时滞水percolating water渗透水,渗漏水percolation渗透,渗漏percolation force渗透力percolation path渗透途径percolation pressure渗流压力percolation velocity渗流速度percolation well渗水井percussion boring冲击钻探perennial全年(不断)的,四季不断的perennial spring常年泉水perforated多孔的peridolite橄榄岩perimetrical joint周边接缝period周期,历时,纪period of drought干旱季节period of excess water丰水季节period of oscillation振动周期period of vibration振动周期periodic spring季节泉periodically周期性地periods of glaciation冰期periphery圆周,周边periscope潜望镜perlite珍珠岩permanent永久的permanent assets固定资产permanent deformation永久变形permanent support永久支架permeability透水性permeability渗透性permeability of rock to air岩石的空气渗透系数permeable rock (stratum,bed)透水岩,透水层,可渗透岩,渗透岩permeable strata渗透层permeable structure透水构造Permian (period)二迭纪Permian period二迭纪Permian system二迭系Permo carboniferous system石炭二迭系Permo-carboniferous period石炭二迭纪persistence持久性
Page 2SsYh_KUpervious bed透水层pervious foundation透水地基perviousness渗透性petrochemistry岩石化学petrofabric岩组学petrofabric analysis岩组分析petrogenesis岩石成因论petrogenetic element造岩元素petrographic classification岩石分类petrographic property岩相性质petrographical facies岩相petroleum geology石油地质学petrologist岩石学家petrology岩石学petrotectonics岩石构造学phanerocrystalline texture显晶结构phase相位phosphate磷酸盐photoelastic method光弹方法photoelastic reflection method反射光弹方法photoelastic test光弹试验,光弹应力试验photoelasticity光测弹性学,光弹性photography摄影术phreatic decline地下水位降低,潜水位下降phyllite千枚岩phyllite quartzite千枚石英岩physical alteration物理蚀变physical geochemistry物理地球化学physical geography自然地理学physical geology物理地质学physical property物理性质,物性physical property物理性质physical weathering机械风化physiography (physical geography)自然地理学piecewise linear分段线性piedmont alluvial plain山麓冲积平原piedmont deposit山麓堆积pier闸墩pier contraction coefficient闸墩收束系数piercing point穿刺点piezoelectric effect压电效应piezometer测压计piezometric head测压水头piezometric level测压水位pillar矿柱,柱,支柱,墩pillar extraction矿柱回采pinchout挤压尖灭带pinnate shear joint羽状剪节理pinnate tension joint羽状张节理pioneering勘察piping管涌pirate river截夺河,夺流河,袭夺河pisolitic limestone豆状灰岩pit坑pit竖坑,井,坑
Page 3SsYh_KUpitchstone松脂岩pivotal fault,rotational fault扭转断层,旋转断层placement铺填,填筑层placement浇筑plagioclase斜长石plain平原plain of accumulation堆积平原plan平面图planar flow structure流面构造planar shear deformation平面剪切变形planarity平面性plane of denudation剥蚀面plane of fracture破裂面plane of separation分离面,分界面plane of symmetry对称面plane of unconformity不整合面plane of weakness软弱面plane plastic deformation平面塑性变形plano-conformity平行整合planparallel structure平行构造plant栽种,植物plant装置,设备,辅助企业(工厂)plastic deformation塑性变性plastic deformation塑性变形plastic equilibrium塑性平衡plastic state塑性状态plastic strata塑性岩石,塑性地层plasticity可塑性,塑性,塑性力学plasticity index塑性指数plasto-viscous deformation塑性滞变形plate bearing test承压板试验plateau高原platform平台platform台地,地台platy limestone板状灰岩platy structure板状构造Pleistocene更新世Pleistocene epoch (series)更新世(统)pleistoseismic zone强震带pleocrystalline全晶质Pliocene series上新世plng木桩,塞plumb line铅垂线,垂线,测锤仪,悬垂线plunge倾伏plunge pool跌水池plunging anticline倾伏背斜plutonic rock (plutonites)深成岩plutonism火成论pnematic drill风钻pneumatic drill风钻point load点荷载,集中荷载point load tensile test点荷载抗拉试验point of application着力点,作用点point of discontinueity不连续点point of inflection反曲点,拐点,反弯点,转折点