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科技英语中专业术语的翻译

科技英语中专业术语的翻译

科技英语中专业术语的翻译1.意译：根据科技术语的含义将其翻译成汉语里和他完全对等的名词就叫意译。

对单个单词来说，意译也就是直译。

意译法是最常用的翻译方法，它能使读者直接了解术语的含义。

例子如下：firewal．．．．．．．l 防火墙data mining．．．．．．．．．．数据挖掘automatic program control．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．自动程序控制2. 形译:英语中有些科技术语的前半部分是表示该术语形象的字母或单词，翻译成汉语时刻把这一部分翻译成表示具体形象的词，或保留原来的字母，这就叫形译。

例子如下：▪gene．．．．基因；quark．．．．．夸克；Pentium．．．．．．．奔腾▪celluloid．．．．．．．．．赛璐璐；nylon．．．．．尼龙▪．Hertz(Hz．．．．．．．．) 赫兹(频率单位)；lumen．．．．．流明(光流量单位)I．-．bar．．．工字钢工字条；O．-．ring．．．．环形圈；twist．．．．．-．drill．．．．．麻花钻；X．-．ray．．．X 光；a．-．brass a．．．．．．黄铜3.音译：英语的发音翻译成汉语里相应的词。

科技英语着那个某些有专有名词构成的术语、单位名称、新型材料的名称等，在翻译事都可采用音译法。

例子如下：I．-．bar．．．工字钢、工字条；O．-．ring．．．．环形圈；twist．．．．．-．drill．．．．．麻花钻;X．-．ray．．．X光；a-．brass a．．．．．．黄铜14.缩写词：英语首字母缩写词在科技中占有很大比重，这类词如译成，就显得拖沓冗长，因此很多情况下干脆不翻译。

例子如下：☺r CPU:Central Progressing Unit．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．（．II:American．．．．．．．．．．．中．央处理器．．．．)．☺．ASCStandard Code For Information Inte．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．change(．．．．．．．美国信息急交换标准码)一些国际组织的缩写也常采用这种方法。

商务英语四级术语翻译

商务英语四级术语翻译

1.Bill of lading 提单Definition:Bill of lading is a document given by a shipping company,representboth a receipt for thegoods siped and a contract for shipment between the shipping companyand the sipper.it is also adocument of title to the goods,giving the holder or the assigne theright to possessionof the goods.2.Marketing 市场营销Definition:Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception,pricing,promouon ,and distribution of goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives.3.D/P 付款交单Definition:D/P is short for"document against payment.Under this payment method,the exporter is to ship the goods ordered and delivered the relative shipping documents to thebuyer abroad through the remitting bank and the collecting bank with instructions not torelease the documents to the buyer until the payment lorthe goods is made.4.QA 品质/质量保证Definition:QA is short for quality assurance,it is about how a business can design the way a pro duct or services is produced or delivered to minimize the chances that output will beup-standard.5.Flexible exchange rates 浮动汇率Definition:A flexible exchange rate means the government does not enter the foreign exchange markets and leaves the determination of exchange rates up to currency trades.The price of its currency is allowed to rise and fall as market forces dictate.1.Parternship；合作关系A parternship is a legal relationship between persons arising on apofi-motivated business.a cooperative relationship between people or groups who agree to share responsibility for achieving some specific goal2.manegement 管理人员Definition:Management is defined as the application of planning,organizing,directing,and Controlling functions in the most effient manner possible to accomplish meaningful organizational objectives.3.HR management 人力资源管理Definition:The human resource management is an ongoing procedure that tries to keep the Organization suplied with the right people in the right positions.4.Documentary Credit 跟单信用证A Documentary Letter of Credit is a written undertaking given by a bank on behalf of an Importer to pay the Exporter a given sum of money with in a specified time,providing thatthe Exporter presentsdocuments which comply with the terms laid down in the Letter of Credit. 5.Draft 汇票Defnition:A draft is simply an order write by an exporter intruting an importer,or importer' sagent,to pay a specified amount of money at a specified time.Shipping document：运输单据(运输单证）shipping documents also as transport documents,are legal documents that are utilized in the process of transporting goods from one location to another.2.certificate of origin：原产地证书（证明）is document used in international trade,completed by the exporter,and certificated by a recognized issuing body,attesting that the goods in a particular export shipment have beenproduced,manufactured or processed in a particular country.3.insurance policy：保单(保险合同/大保单)is a formal contract-document between the insurer and the insured,known as the policy holder, which determines the claims which the insurer is legally required to pay.5.customer equity：顾客资产is the value of potential future revenue generated by a company's customers in a lifetime.l.sole/individual proprietorship:独资经营Detnition:It is a type of enterprise that is owned and run by one natural person.The owner is in Direct control of all elements and is legally accountable for the finances of such business and this may include debts,loans,loss,etc.2.Productivity:生产力It is the rate at which goods are produced.(or having thẻpower to produce)3.broker：代理/中介：A broker is a person whose job is to buy and sell shares,foreign money,or goods for other people.4.Fixed assets：固定资产are assets which a company uses on a continuous basis,such as properly and machinery.5.Cash on delivery:货到付款Collecting the charges upon delivery.1.anti-dumping duty:反倾销税is an extra duty levied temporarily on the imported commodity in dumping to protect home industry and market against the import commodity in large quantity and cheap price.2.Transnational corporation跨国公司refers to large international enterprise consisting of entities in two ormore countries,that operates manufacturing,sales and other business.3.Invisible trade:无形贸易trade of services rather than actual goods,for example,banking,insurance,and professional service,etc.4.Balance of payment:国际收支A statement that summarizes an economy's transactions with the rest of the world for a specified time period.1.CPI,消费价格指数消费物价指数Consumer price index measures changes in the price level of market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households.2.LLC, 有限责任公司Limited liability company a business structure that combines the pass-through taxation of apartner ship or sole proprietorship with the limited liability of a corporation.3.FOB,离岸价格/船上交货价格Free On Board is a shipping term which indicates that the supplier pays the shipping costs(and usually also the insurance costs)from the point of manufacture to a specified destination,at Which point the buyer takes responsibility.4.B2B,企业对企业的电子商务模式Business-To-Business is a transaction that occurs between two companies,as opposed to a transaction involving a consumer.The term may also describe a company that provides goods or s ervices for another company.5.Definition:借记卡/提款卡Debit card is a card which allows customers to access their funds immediately electronically.With a debit card,you can immediately take money out of your checking account either through purcha ses at a store or through an ATM.1.A CEO首席执行官(chief executive fficer)is the position of the most senior corporate officer,executive,leader or administrator in charge of managing an organization.2.Human resource:人力资源In a company or other organization,the department of human resources is the department take on ponsibility for the recruiting,training,and welfare of the staff.bor market劳动力市场is the market in which workers compete for jobs and employers compete for workers.3.V AT增值税(value added tax)is a tax that is added to the price of goods or services.4.A balance sheet is a written statement of the amount of money and property that a company op erson has,including amounts of money that are owed or are owing.资产负债表5.Brand loyalty 品牌忠诚:The tendency to always buy a particular brand.2.Joint venture合资公司A business activity in which2or more companies have invested together.3.Quota:定额Quanttative restrictions imposed by one country on imports of a certain type from another country.4.marketing mix:营销组合A comprehensive plan or strategy covering product price,promotion and place,usually summarized as the4Ps".of marketing.5.Acqusition :收购Getting control of a company bitiony buying over50%of its shares. Definition:Lredit card is a small plastic card that you can use to buy goods and services and pay for the market.2.Depeciatiton贬值means decrease in value of assets.3.Brand preference品牌偏好is measure of brand loyalty in which a consumer will choose a paticular brand in presence of competing brands,but will accept substitutes if that brand is not available.4.Corporate Culture公司文化is a broad term used to define the unique personality or character of a particularcompany or organization,and includes such elements as core values and beliefs,corporate ethics,and rules of behavior.5.:Fringe benefit额外福利is an incidental or additional advantage,a benefit provided by an employer to supplement an employee's regular pay,such as a pension,company car,luncheon voucher,insurance,vacation 1.overcapacity:生产能力过剩If there is overcapacity in a particularindustry, more goods have been produced than areneed and the industry is therefore less profitable thanit could be.2.A free trade zone(FTZs):自由贸易区A free-trade area is a trade bloc whose member countries have signed a free-trade agreement(FT A),which eliminates tariffs,import quotas,and preferences on most(if not all)goods and services traded between them.If people are also free to move between the countries,in addition to FTA,it would also be considered an open border.4.A non-performing loan,or NPL,is a loan that is in default or close to being in default.Manyloans become non-performing after being in default for90days,but this can depend on the contract terms.不良贷款4..外债Definition:Foreign debt is the total debt a country owes to foreign creditors,complemented by int ernaldebtowed to domestic lenders.The debtors can be the government,corporations or citizens o f that country.The debt includes money owed to privale commercial banks,other governments,or international financialinstitutions such as the International(IMF)and World Bank5.Translation:风险投资家A venture capitalist is an investor who either provides capilal lo slartup ventures or supports small companiesthat wish to expand but do not have access to equities markets.V enture capitalists are willing toinvest in such companies because they can earn a massive return on their investments if these companies are asuccess.1.Translation:授权经营Definition:Licensing is an arrangement in which the owner of intellectual property grants another firm theright to use that property for a specified period of time in exchange for royalties or other compensation.2.Translation:间接投资，证券投资made with theexpectation of earning a return.Thisexpected retum'is'diretly orrelated with theion snen"cpeted ik Pofoioo ioene dainet fom dica muene whidh no uinesiable sake in a target compa ny and posbly being ivolvede wilh is day body mngeme 3.Translation:反向贸易、对等贸易Counter trade is a sale that encompases more than an exhane of god,erices or iesformoney.4.乘数效应Definition:The multiplier efect is the expansion of a country's money supply that results from banks beingable to lend.The size of the multiplier effect depends on the percentage of deposits that banks are required tohold as reserves.In other words,it is the money used to create more money and is calculated by dividing total bank deposits by the reserve requirement.5.Definition:Initial public ffering(IPO)is a type of public ofringn in which shares of a company usually aresold to nstitutional investors that in turn,sell to the general public,on a secrities excha nge,for the firsttime. 首次公开发行股票1.Break-even point is the point at which toal cost and toalrevenue are equal.Tanslaion:盈亏平衡点/盈亏临界2.Onder cydle time is a peindbetween placing5an order and receiving the ordered item. Translation:汀貨周期3.by the bank to the importer according to his demand upon receiving the billsunder the letter of credited and the impotterTranslation:进ロ押汇4.Maker share is the amo thata company sells of itspoduets or serices compared wih oher companies selling the same things. 市场份额5.Definition:Brand positioning is an activity of creating a brand offer in such a manner that it occ upies adistinctive place and value in the target customers'mind.Translation:品牌定位1.Defnition:Itis the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price;rithe ght is purchased and15 notexercised by a stated date,the money is forfeited.期权2.It is a fraudulent investment operation that pays returns to its investors from thelr own money0 1the money paid by subsequent investors,rather than from profit earned by the individual or orga nizationrunning the operation.庞氏骗局3.Definition:It is a stock market index and one of the several indices created by W all Street Jour nal editors and Dow Jones&Company co- founder Charles Dow.The industrial averagewas first calculated on May26,1896.Translation:道琼斯工业平均指数4.Definition:It is a company or person that supplies shops and companies with goods. Translation:经销商5.Definition:It is a process of judging officially how an argument should be settled. Translation:仲裁1.Barriers to trade are any action by a govermment to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in an dout of its country.贸易壁垒4.Definition:V enture capital is money made available for investment in innovative enterprises or research.especially in high technology,in which both the risk of loss and the potential for profit may be considerable.Also called risk capital.Translation:风险资本5.Definition:Insurable interest holds that no one may insure anything unless he has and interest i n it.(Whichmeans that if the thing insured is preserved he will derive a benefit from its preservati on,but if it is any way_damaged or lost the assured will be -adversely afet.-)Translation:可保利益2.Definition:Contracting party isаcountry or firm that signs a legalagreement.缔约国3.Definition:Sight draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee. Translation:及期汇票4.It is a reply to an ofter which conains aditions or other modietaons还盘2.Definition;lt is a kind of standard used to indicate that the quality of the product ffe is about equal to theaverage quality level of the same crop within a certain period of time. Translation:良好平均品质3.Definition:The act of the transferor in transferring a draft to the transferee by making a signatu re on the backof the draft. 背书4.Definition:It is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does not physic ally receive thegoods.This kind of delivery is proved by the submission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.Translation:象征性交货5.Goods are transported directly from the production country to the consuming country.In this ca se,onlv two parties are involved in the transaction,namely the exporter and the importer. Translation:直接贸易。

机械专业术语英文翻译

机械专业术语英文翻译

陶瓷 ceramics合成纤维 synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis悬架 suspension转向器 redirector变速器 speed changer板料冲压 sheet metal parts孔加工 spot facing machining车间 workshop工程技术人员 engineer气动夹紧 pneuma lock数学模型 mathematical model画法几何 descriptive geometry机械制图 Mechanical drawing投影 projection视图 view剖视图 profile chart标准件 standard component零件图 part drawing装配图 assembly drawing尺寸标注 size marking技术要求 technical requirements刚度 rigidity内力 internal force位移 displacement截面 section疲劳极限 fatigue limit断裂 fracture塑性变形 plastic distortion脆性材料 brittleness material刚度准则 rigidity criterion垫圈 washer垫片 spacer直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear运动简图 kinematic sketch齿轮齿条 pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear虚约束 passive constraint曲柄 crank摇杆 racker凸轮 cams共轭曲线 conjugate curve范成法 generation method定义域 definitional domain值域 range导数\\微分 differential coefficient 求导 derivation定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral曲率 curvature偏微分 partial differential毛坯 rough游标卡尺 slide caliper千分尺 micrometer calipers攻丝 tap二阶行列式 second order determinant 逆矩阵 inverse matrix线性方程组 linear equations概率 probability随机变量 random variable排列组合 permutation and combination 气体状态方程 equation of state of gas 动能 kinetic energy势能 potential energy机械能守恒 conservation of mechanical energy动量 momentum桁架 truss轴线 axes余子式 cofactor逻辑电路 logic circuit触发器 flip-flop脉冲波形 pulse shape数模 digital analogy液压传动机构 fluid drive mechanism机械零件 mechanical parts淬火冷却 quench淬火 hardening回火 tempering调质 hardening and tempering磨粒 abrasive grain结合剂 bonding agent砂轮 grinding wheel后角 clearance angle龙门刨削 planing主轴 spindle主轴箱 headstock卡盘 chuck加工中心 machining center 车刀 lathe tool车床 lathe钻削镗削 bore车削 turning磨床 grinder基准 benchmark钳工 locksmith锻 forge压模 stamping焊 weld拉床 broaching machine拉孔 broaching装配 assembling铸造 found流体动力学 fluid dynamics 流体力学 fluid mechanics 加工 machining液压 hydraulic pressure切线 tangent机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure稳定性 stability介质 medium液压驱动泵 fluid clutch液压泵 hydraulic pump阀门 valve失效 invalidation强度 intensity载荷 load应力 stress安全系数 safty factor可靠性 reliability螺纹 thread螺旋 helix键 spline销 pin滚动轴承 rolling bearing滑动轴承 sliding bearing弹簧 spring制动器 arrester brake十字结联轴节 crosshead联轴器 coupling链 chain皮带 strap精加工 finish machining粗加工 rough machining变速箱体 gearbox casing腐蚀 rust氧化 oxidation磨损 wear耐用度 durability随机信号 random signal离散信号 discrete signal超声传感器 ultrasonic sensor 集成电路 integrate circuit 挡板 orifice plate残余应力 residual stress套筒 sleeve扭力 torsion冷加工 cold machining电动机 electromotor汽缸 cylinder过盈配合 interference fit热加工 hotwork摄像头 CCD camera倒角 rounding chamfer优化设计 optimal design工业造型设计 industrial moulding design有限元 finite element滚齿 hobbing插齿 gear shaping伺服电机 actuating motor铣床 milling machine钻床 drill machine镗床 boring machine步进电机 stepper motor丝杠 screw rod导轨 lead rail组件 subassembly可编程序逻辑控制器 Programmable Logic Controller PLC 电火花加工 electric spark machining电火花线切割加工 electrical discharge wire - cutting 相图 phase diagram热处理 heat treatment固态相变 solid state phase changes有色金属 nonferrous metal陶瓷 ceramics合成纤维 synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis悬架 suspension转向器 redirector变速器 speed changer板料冲压 sheet metal parts孔加工 spot facing machining车间 workshop工程技术人员 engineer气动夹紧 pneuma lock数学模型 mathematical model画法几何 descriptive geometry机械制图 Mechanical drawing投影 projection视图 view剖视图 profile chart标准件 standard component零件图 part drawing装配图 assembly drawing尺寸标注 size marking技术要求 technical requirements刚度 rigidity内力 internal force位移 displacement截面 section疲劳极限 fatigue limit断裂 fracture塑性变形 plastic distortion脆性材料 brittleness material刚度准则 rigidity criterion垫圈 washer垫片 spacer直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear运动简图 kinematic sketch齿轮齿条 pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear虚约束 passive constraint曲柄 crank摇杆 racker凸轮 cams共轭曲线 conjugate curve范成法 generation method定义域 definitional domain值域 range导数\\微分 differential coefficient 求导 derivation定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral曲率 curvature偏微分 partial differential毛坯 rough游标卡尺 slide caliper千分尺 micrometer calipers攻丝 tap二阶行列式 second order determinant 逆矩阵 inverse matrix线性方程组 linear equations概率 probability随机变量 random variable排列组合 permutation and combination气体状态方程 equation of state of gas动能 kinetic energy势能 potential energy机械能守恒 conservation of mechanical energy 动量 momentum桁架 truss轴线 axes余子式 cofactor逻辑电路 logic circuit触发器 flip-flop脉冲波形 pulse shape数模 digital analogy液压传动机构 fluid drive mechanism机械零件 mechanical parts淬火冷却 quench淬火 hardening回火 tempering调质 hardening and tempering磨粒 abrasive grain结合剂 bonding agent砂轮 grinding wheelAssembly line 组装线Layout 布置图Conveyer 流水线物料板Rivet table 拉钉机Rivet gun 拉钉枪Screw driver 起子Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA 开箱检查fit together 组装在一起fasten 锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet 栈板barcode 条码barcode scanner 条码扫描器fuse together 熔合fuse machine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor 课长ME 制造工程师MT 制造生技cosmetic inspect 外观检查inner parts inspect 内部检查thumb screw 大头螺丝lbs. inch 镑、英寸EMI gasket 导电条front plate 前板rear plate 后板chassis 基座bezel panel 面板power button 电源按键reset button 重置键Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts 塑胶件SOP 制造作业程序material check list 物料检查表work cell 工作间trolley 台车carton 纸箱sub-line 支线left fork 叉车personnel resource department 人力资源部production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer |plein|刨床miller铣床grinder磨床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager | =vice manager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |\\'skr?pid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良oxidation |\\' ksi\\'dei?n|氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embedded lump镶块feeding is not in place送料不到位stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch压板bolt螺栓administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单location地点present members出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheet PCE组装厂生产排配表model机锺work order工令revision版次remark备注production control confirmation生产确认checked by初审approved by核准department部门stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工total合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type形态item/group/class类别quality品质prepared by制表 notes说明year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity帐面数量difference quantity差异量cause analysis原因分析raw materials原料materials物料finished product成品semi-finished product半成品packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线cam block滑块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂main manifold主集流脉bezel斜视规blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传 rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬desmut剥黑膜D.I. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封孔revision版次part number/P/N料号good products良品scraped products报放心品defective products不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条码flow chart流程表单assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型spare parts=buffer备品coordinate座标dismantle the die折模auxiliary fuction辅助功能poly-line多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾derusting machine除锈机degate打浇口dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凸convex凹short射料不足nick缺口speck瑕疵shine亮班splay 银纹gas mark焦痕delamination起鳞cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线patent专利grit沙砾granule=peuet=grain细粒grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金lathe车 mill锉plane刨grind磨drill铝boring镗blinster气泡fillet镶;嵌边through-hole form通孔形式voller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄crank shaft曲柄轴augular offset角度偏差velocity速度production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩spline=the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的organic solvent有机溶剂bracket小磁导liaison联络单volatile挥发性resistance电阻ion离子titrator滴定仪beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机阿基米德蜗杆 Archimedes worm安全系数 safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷 safe load凹面、凹度 concavity扳手 wrench板簧 flat leaf spring半圆键 woodruff key变形 deformation摆杆 oscillating bar摆动从动件 oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构 cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构 oscillating guide-bar mechanism摆线齿轮 cycloidal gear摆线齿形 cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律 cycloidal motion摆线针轮 cycloidal-pin wheel包角 angle of contact保持架 cage背对背安装 back-to-back arrangement背锥 back cone ； normal cone背锥角 back angle背锥距 back cone distance比例尺 scale比热容 specific heat capacity闭式链 closed kinematic chain闭链机构 closed chain mechanism臂部 arm变频器 frequency converters变频调速 frequency control of motor speed变速 speed change变速齿轮 change gear change wheel变位齿轮 modified gear变位系数 modification coefficient标准齿轮 standard gear标准直齿轮 standard spur gear表面质量系数 superficial mass factor表面传热系数 surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度 surface roughness并联式组合 combination in parallel并联机构 parallel mechanism并联组合机构 parallel combined mechanism 并行工程 concurrent engineering并行设计 concurred design, CD不平衡相位 phase angle of unbalance不平衡 imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量 amount of unbalance不完全齿轮机构 intermittent gearing波发生器 wave generator波数 number of waves补偿 compensation参数化设计 parameterization design, PD残余应力 residual stress操纵及控制装置 operation control device槽轮 Geneva wheel槽轮机构 Geneva mechanism ； Maltese cross 槽数 Geneva numerate槽凸轮 groove cam侧隙 backlash差动轮系 differential gear train差动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism 差速器 differential常用机构 conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use 车床 lathe承载量系数 bearing capacity factor承载能力 bearing capacity成对安装 paired mounting尺寸系列 dimension series齿槽 tooth space齿槽宽 spacewidth齿侧间隙 backlash齿顶高 addendum齿顶圆 addendum circle齿根高 dedendum齿根圆 dedendum circle齿厚 tooth thickness齿距 circular pitch齿宽 face width齿廓 tooth profile齿廓曲线 tooth curve齿轮 gear齿轮变速箱 speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构 pinion and rack齿轮插刀 pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter齿轮滚刀 hob ,hobbing cutter齿轮机构 gear齿轮轮坯 blank齿轮传动系 pinion unit齿轮联轴器 gear coupling齿条传动 rack gear齿数 tooth number齿数比 gear ratio齿条 rack齿条插刀 rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter 齿形链、无声链 silent chain齿形系数 form factor齿式棘轮机构 tooth ratchet mechanism插齿机 gear shaper重合点 coincident points重合度 contact ratio冲床 punch传动比 transmission ratio, speed ratio传动装置 gearing; transmission gear传动系统 driven system传动角 transmission angle传动轴 transmission shaft串联式组合 combination in series串联式组合机构 series combined mechanism 串级调速 cascade speed control创新 innovation creation创新设计 creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷 normal load唇形橡胶密封 lip rubber seal磁流体轴承 magnetic fluid bearing从动带轮 driven pulley从动件 driven link, follower从动件平底宽度 width of flat-face从动件停歇 follower dwell从动件运动规律 follower motion从动轮 driven gear粗线 bold line粗牙螺纹 coarse thread大齿轮 gear wheel打包机 packer打滑 slipping带传动 belt driving带轮 belt pulley带式制动器 band brake单列轴承 single row bearing单向推力轴承 single-direction thrust bearing单万向联轴节 single universal joint单位矢量 unit vector当量齿轮 equivalent spur gear; virtual gear当量齿数 equivalent teeth number; virtual number of teeth 当量摩擦系数 equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷 equivalent load刀具 cutter导数 derivative倒角 chamfer导热性 conduction of heat导程 lead导程角 lead angle等加等减速运动规律 parabolic motion; constant acceleration and deceleration motion等速运动规律 uniform motion; constant velocity motion等径凸轮 conjugate yoke radial cam等宽凸轮 constant-breadth cam等效构件 equivalent link等效力 equivalent force等效力矩 equivalent moment of force等效量 equivalent等效质量 equivalent mass等效转动惯量 equivalent moment of inertia等效动力学模型 dynamically equivalent model底座 chassis低副 lower pair点划线 chain dotted line（疲劳）点蚀 pitting垫圈 gasket垫片密封 gasket seal碟形弹簧 belleville spring顶隙 bottom clearance定轴轮系 ordinary gear train; gear train with fixed axes 动力学 dynamics动密封 kinematical seal动能 dynamic energy动力粘度 dynamic viscosity动力润滑 dynamic lubrication动平衡 dynamic balance动平衡机 dynamic balancing machine动态特性 dynamic characteristics动态分析设计 dynamic analysis design动压力 dynamic reaction动载荷 dynamic load端面 transverse plane端面参数 transverse parameters端面齿距 transverse circular pitch端面齿廓 transverse tooth profile端面重合度 transverse contact ratio端面模数 transverse module端面压力角 transverse pressure angle锻造 forge对称循环应力 symmetry circulating stress对心滚子从动件 radial (or in-line ) roller follower对心直动从动件 radial (or in-line ) translating follower 对心移动从动件 radial reciprocating follower对心曲柄滑块机构 in-line slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism多列轴承 multi-row bearing多楔带 poly V-belt多项式运动规律 polynomial motion多质量转子 rotor with several masses惰轮 idle gear额定寿命 rating life额定载荷 load ratingII 级杆组 dyad发生线 generating line发生面 generating plane法面 normal plane法面参数 normal parameters法面齿距 normal circular pitch法面模数 normal module法面压力角 normal pressure angle法向齿距 normal pitch法向齿廓 normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆 straight sided normal worm法向力 normal force反馈式组合 feedback combining反向运动学 inverse ( or backward) kinematics 反转法 kinematic inversion反正切 Arctan范成法 generating cutting仿形法 form cutting方案设计、概念设计 concept design, CD防振装置 shockproof device飞轮 flywheel飞轮矩 moment of flywheel非标准齿轮 nonstandard gear非接触式密封 non-contact seal非周期性速度波动 aperiodic speed fluctuation非圆齿轮 non-circular gear粉末合金 powder metallurgy分度线 reference line; standard pitch line分度圆 reference circle; standard (cutting) pitch circle 分度圆柱导程角 lead angle at reference cylinder分度圆柱螺旋角 helix angle at reference cylinder分母 denominator分子 numerator分度圆锥 reference cone; standard pitch cone分析法 analytical method封闭差动轮系 planetary differential复合铰链 compound hinge复合式组合 compound combining复合轮系 compound (or combined) gear train复合平带 compound flat belt复合应力 combined stress复式螺旋机构 Compound screw mechanism复杂机构 complex mechanism杆组 Assur group干涉 interference刚度系数 stiffness coefficient刚轮 rigid circular spline钢丝软轴 wire soft shaft刚体导引机构 body guidance mechanism 刚性冲击 rigid impulse (shock)刚性转子 rigid rotor刚性轴承 rigid bearing刚性联轴器 rigid coupling高度系列 height series高速带 high speed belt高副 higher pair格拉晓夫定理 Grashoff`s law根切 undercutting公称直径 nominal diameter高度系列 height series功 work工况系数 application factor工艺设计 technological design工作循环图 working cycle diagram工作机构 operation mechanism工作载荷 external loads工作空间 working space工作应力 working stress工作阻力 effective resistance工作阻力矩 effective resistance moment公法线 common normal line公共约束 general constraint公制齿轮 metric gears功率 power功能分析设计 function analyses design共轭齿廓 conjugate profiles共轭凸轮 conjugate cam构件 link鼓风机 blower固定构件 fixed link; frame固体润滑剂 solid lubricant关节型操作器 jointed manipulator惯性力 inertia force惯性力矩 moment of inertia ,shaking moment惯性力平衡 balance of shaking force惯性力完全平衡 full balance of shaking force惯性力部分平衡 partial balance of shaking force惯性主矩 resultant moment of inertia惯性主失 resultant vector of inertia冠轮 crown gear广义机构 generation mechanism广义坐标 generalized coordinate轨迹生成 path generation轨迹发生器 path generator滚刀 hob滚道 raceway滚动体 rolling element滚动轴承 rolling bearing滚动轴承代号 rolling bearing identification code 滚针 needle roller滚针轴承 needle roller bearing滚子 roller滚子轴承 roller bearing滚子半径 radius of roller滚子从动件 roller follower滚子链 roller chain滚子链联轴器 double roller chain coupling滚珠丝杆 ball screw滚柱式单向超越离合器 roller clutch过度切割 undercutting函数发生器 function generator函数生成 function generation含油轴承 oil bearing耗油量 oil consumption耗油量系数 oil consumption factor 赫兹公式 H. Hertz equation合成弯矩 resultant bending moment 合力 resultant force合力矩 resultant moment of force 黑箱 black box横坐标 abscissa互换性齿轮 interchangeable gears 花键 spline滑键、导键 feather key滑动轴承 sliding bearing滑动率 sliding ratio滑块 slider环面蜗杆 toroid helicoids worm环形弹簧 annular spring缓冲装置 shocks; shock-absorber 灰铸铁 grey cast iron回程 return回转体平衡 balance of rotors混合轮系 compound gear train积分 integrate机电一体化系统设计 mechanical-electrical integration system design机构 mechanism机构分析 analysis of mechanism机构平衡 balance of mechanism机构学 mechanism机构运动设计 kinematic design of mechanism机构运动简图 kinematic sketch of mechanism机构综合 synthesis of mechanism机构组成 constitution of mechanism机架 frame, fixed link机架变换 kinematic inversion机器 machine机器人 robot机器人操作器 manipulator机器人学 robotics技术过程 technique process技术经济评价 technical and economic evaluation技术系统 technique system机械 machinery机械创新设计 mechanical creation design, MCD机械系统设计 mechanical system design, MSD机械动力分析 dynamic analysis of machinery机械动力设计 dynamic design of machinery机械动力学 dynamics of machinery机械的现代设计 modern machine design机械系统 mechanical system机械利益 mechanical advantage机械平衡 balance of machinery机械手 manipulator机械设计 machine design; mechanical design机械特性 mechanical behavior机械调速 mechanical speed governors机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械原理 theory of machines and mechanisms机械运转不均匀系数 coefficient of speed fluctuation 机械无级变速 mechanical stepless speed changes基础机构 fundamental mechanism基本额定寿命 basic rating life基于实例设计 case-based design,CBD基圆 base circle基圆半径 radius of base circle基圆齿距 base pitch基圆压力角 pressure angle of base circle基圆柱 base cylinder基圆锥 base cone急回机构 quick-return mechanism急回特性 quick-return characteristics急回系数 advance-to return-time ratio急回运动 quick-return motion棘轮 ratchet棘轮机构 ratchet mechanism棘爪 pawl极限位置 extreme (or limiting) position极位夹角 crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions 计算机辅助设计 computer aided design, CAD计算机辅助制造 computer aided manufacturing, CAM计算机集成制造系统 computer integrated manufacturing system, CIMS计算力矩 factored moment; calculation moment计算弯矩 calculated bending moment加权系数 weighting efficient加速度 acceleration加速度分析 acceleration analysis加速度曲线 acceleration diagram尖点 pointing; cusp尖底从动件 knife-edge follower间隙 backlash间歇运动机构 intermittent motion mechanism 减速比 reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置 reduction gear减速器 speed reducer减摩性 anti-friction quality渐开螺旋面 involute helicoid渐开线 involute渐开线齿廓 involute profile渐开线齿轮 involute gear渐开线发生线 generating line of involute 渐开线方程 involute equation渐开线函数 involute function渐开线蜗杆 involute worm渐开线压力角 pressure angle of involute渐开线花键 involute spline简谐运动 simple harmonic motion键 key键槽 keyway交变应力 repeated stress交变载荷 repeated fluctuating load交叉带传动 cross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮 crossed helical gears胶合 scoring角加速度 angular acceleration角速度 angular velocity角速比 angular velocity ratio角接触球轴承 angular contact ball bearing角接触推力轴承 angular contact thrust bearing 角接触向心轴承 angular contact radial bearing 角接触轴承 angular contact bearing铰链、枢纽 hinge校正平面 correcting plane接触应力 contact stress接触式密封 contact seal阶梯轴 multi-diameter shaft结构 structure结构设计 structural design截面 section节点 pitch point节距 circular pitch; pitch of teeth节线 pitch line节圆 pitch circle节圆齿厚 thickness on pitch circle节圆直径 pitch diameter节圆锥 pitch cone节圆锥角 pitch cone angle解析设计 analytical design紧边 tight-side紧固件 fastener径节 diametral pitch径向 radial direction径向当量动载荷 dynamic equivalent radial load径向当量静载荷 static equivalent radial load径向基本额定动载荷 basic dynamic radial load rating 径向基本额定静载荷 basic static radial load tating 径向接触轴承 radial contact bearing径向平面 radial plane径向游隙 radial internal clearance径向载荷 radial load径向载荷系数 radial load factor径向间隙 clearance静力 static force静平衡 static balance静载荷 static load静密封 static seal局部自由度 passive degree of freedom矩阵 matrix矩形螺纹 square threaded form锯齿形螺纹 buttress thread form矩形牙嵌式离合器 square-jaw positive-contact clutch 绝对尺寸系数 absolute dimensional factor绝对运动 absolute motion绝对速度 absolute velocity均衡装置 load balancing mechanism抗压强度 compression strength开口传动 open-belt drive开式链 open kinematic chain开链机构 open chain mechanism可靠度 degree of reliability可靠性 reliability可靠性设计 reliability design, RD空气弹簧 air spring空间机构 spatial mechanism空间连杆机构 spatial linkage空间凸轮机构 spatial cam空间运动副 spatial kinematic pair空间运动链 spatial kinematic chain空转 idle宽度系列 width series框图 block diagram雷诺方程Reynolds‘s equation离心力 centrifugal force离心应力 centrifugal stress离合器 clutch离心密封 centrifugal seal理论廓线 pitch curve理论啮合线 theoretical line of action隶属度 membership力 force力多边形 force polygon力封闭型凸轮机构 force-drive (or force-closed) cam mechanism 力矩 moment力平衡 equilibrium力偶 couple力偶矩 moment of couple连杆 connecting rod, coupler连杆机构 linkage连杆曲线 coupler-curve连心线 line of centers链 chain链传动装置 chain gearing链轮 sprocket sprocket-wheel sprocket gear chain wheel 联组 V 带 tight-up V belt联轴器 coupling shaft coupling两维凸轮 two-dimensional cam临界转速 critical speed六杆机构 six-bar linkage龙门刨床 double Haas planer轮坯 blank轮系 gear train螺杆 screw螺距 thread pitch螺母 screw nut螺旋锥齿轮 helical bevel gear螺钉 screws螺栓 bolts。

中医英语术语翻译

中医英语术语翻译

Unit 11 中国医药学traditional Chinese medicine; TCM2中医基础理论basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine3临床经验clinical experience4辨证论治treatment based on syndrome differentiation5杂病miscellaneous diseases6中药学Chinese pharmacy7四气五味four properties and five tastes8针灸acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox9古代中国哲学classical Chinese philosophy10汗法sweating therapy; diaphoresis11下法purgation12吐法vomiting therapy; emetic therapy13补土派the School of Reinforcing the Earth14病因学etiology15方剂prescription; formula16医疗实践medical practice17治疗原则therapeutic principles18寒凉药物herbs cold and cool in nature19滋阴降火nourishing yin and reducing fire20瘀血治病diseases caused by blood stagnationUnit21五脏five zang-organs; five zang-viscera2六腑six fu-organs3经络系统system of meridians and collaterals4整体观念holism5有机整体organic wholenss6社会属性social attribute7开窍(of the five zang-organs) open into8生长化收藏sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store9诊断学diagnostics10邪正关系relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi11治疗学therapeutics12风寒感冒common cold due to wind and cold13同病异治different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease14异病同治the same therapeutic method used to treat different diseases15水液代谢平衡balance of water metabolism16清心火clearing away heart fire17疾病本质nature of disease18以左治右treating the left side for curing diseases located on the right side19从阴引阳drawing yang from yin20.病在上者下取之treating the lower part for curing diseases located on the upper part Unit 31哲学概念philosophical concept2.相互转化mutual transformation3.阴平阳秘balance of yin and yang4.阴阳转化transformation between yin and yang5.寒极生热extreme cold turning into heat6.病理变化pathological changes7.绝对偏盛absolute predominance8.病机总纲general rule of pathogenesis9.补其不足supplementing what it lacks of10.祛风散寒eliminating wind and dispersing cold11.相互消长mutually inhibiting and promoting；wax and wane between yin and yang12.相互制约mutually inhibiting and restraining叮叮小文库16.有机整体organic whole17.阳损及阴impairment of yang involving yin18.阴阳两虚deficiency of both yin and yang19.虚寒证deficiency cold syndrome20.潜阳熄风suppressing yang and eliminating windUnit41 the theory of five elements 五行学说2 free development 条达舒畅3 to be generated and to generate生我，我生4 restraint in generation 生中有制5 over restriction and counter-restriction相乘相侮6 Wood over restricts earth because it is deficient.土虚木乘7 promotion, restriction, inhibition and transformation 生克制化8 disorder of a mother-organ involving its child-organ 母病及子9 insufficiency of essence and blood in the liver and kidney 肝肾精血不足10 blood deficiency in the heart and liver 心肝血虚11 exuberant fire in the heart心火亢盛12 insufficiency of liver yin 肝阴不足13 declination of kidney yang肾阳式微14 weakness of the spleen and stomach 脾胃虚弱15 soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach 平肝和胃16 between water and fire水火不济Unit51 藏象学说doctrine of visceral manifestations2 五脏六腑five zang-organs and six fu-organs3 奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs4 水谷精微nutrients of water and food5 传化水谷transmitting and transforming water and food6 贮藏精气storing essence7 表里关系internal and external relationship8 治疗效应therapeutic effects9 临床实践clinical practice10 藏而不泻storage without discharge11泻而不藏discharge without storage12形体诸窍physical build and various orifices13开窍(of five zang-organs) open into14精神情志spirit and emotions15心藏神the heart storing spirit16肺藏魄the lung storing corporeal soul17肝藏魂the liver storing ethereal soul18脾藏意the spleen storing consciousness19肾藏志the kidney storing will20其华在面the luster manifesting upon the faceUnit61 心主血脉the heart governing blood and vessels2 心气充沛sufficiency of heart qi3 面色红润rosy complexion4 血液充盈sufficiency of blood5 脉道不利unsmooth vessels6 面色无华lusterless complexion7 脉象细弱thin and weak pulse8 心藏神the heart storing spirit9 汗血同源sweat and blood sharing the same origin叮叮小文库10 升降出入ascending, descending, going out and going in11宣发肃降dispersion, purification and descent12通调水道regulating water passage13脾主运化the spleen governing transportation and transformation14水谷精微nutrients of water and food15水液停滞stoppage of water and fluid16后天之本acquired base of life17调畅气机regulating qi activity18肝气逆上upward adverse flow of liver qi19先天之精innate essence20肾主纳气the kidney receiving qiUnit71 奇恒之府extraordinary fu-organs2 孤俯isolated fu-organ3 腐熟水谷digest water and food4 魄门anus5 肝之余其surplus part of liver qi6 上焦upper energizer7 泌别清浊separating the lucid from the turbid8 食物残渣residue of foods9 大肠主津The large intestine governs thin body fluid10精汁（胆汁）bile11小肠主液The small intestine governs thick body fluid12初步消化primary digestion13精气essential qi14七冲门the seven important portals15胆主决断The gallbladder is responsible for making judgment16排泄糟粕discharge waste17月经来潮occurrence of menstruation18吸门inhaling portal19形态中空morphological hollowness20传化水谷transporting and transforming water and foodUnit81 先天禀赋innateness2 精微物质nutrients; refined substance3 血液循行blood circulation4 水液代谢water metabolism5 气的运动形式way of qi movement6 气的升降出入ascending, descending, exiting and entering movements of qi7 气机调畅normal function of qi activity8生命的原动力primary motive force of life9 温养腑脏warming and nourishing the viscera10 腑脏经络之气qi of the viscera and meridians11气机qi activity12气化qi transformation13先天之气innate qi14后天之气acquired qi15正气healthy qi16邪气pathogenic factors17元气primordial qi18宗气thoracic qi19营气nutritive qi20卫气defensive qi叮叮小文库21腠理striae and intersticesUnit91气生血qi promoting the production of blood2气行血qi promoting the flow of blood3气摄血qi commanding blood4血载气blood carrying qi5血生气blood generating qi6气生津液qi promoting the production of body fluid7气行津液qi promoting the flow of body fluid8气摄津液qi commanding body fluid9津液载气body fluid carrying qi10津液生气body fluid generating qi11津血同源body fluid and blood sharing the same origin12气随液脱exhaustion of qi due to loss of body fluid13气随血脱exhaustion of qi due to hemorrhage14气随津泄loss of qi due to profuse sweating15气行则血行，气滞则血瘀。

汽车行业术语英语翻译

汽车行业术语英语翻译

汽车行业术语（下）nondispersive ultraviolet氢火焰离子化检测器flame ionization ditector总碳氢化合物分析仪total hydrocarbon analyzer气相色谱仪gas chromatograph化学发光检测器chemiluminescent detector臭氧发生器ozonator底盘测功机chassis dynamometer惯性模拟系统inertia simulation system功率吸收装置device for power absorption转鼓roller空气阻力aerodynamic resistance滚动阻力rolling resistance当量惯量equivalent inertia滤纸式测试仪filter-type measuring apparatus 转速表tachometer成套分析设备analytical train组合气室stacked cell参比室reference cell滤光室filter cell干扰滤光器interferential filter加热式氢火焰离子化检测器heated flame ionization detector 氮氧化合物转化器Nox converter(No2-NO)反应室reactive cell (chamber)催化燃烧分析仪catalytic combustion analyzer碳氢化合物响应度hydrocarbon response碳数当量carbon equivalent百万分率碳parts per million carbon (ppmC) 氧干扰oxygen interference氧校正oxygen correction湿度较正系数humidity correction (kh)factor拖尾tailing五氧化二碘法iodine penta-oxide method平衡气balance gas零点气zero grade gas (air zero gas)校正气calibrating gas量距气span gas拉格朗日拟合lagrangian fit二氧化碳干扰校正corrected for CO2 extraction袋式分析bag analysis柴油机排烟测定仪器diesel smoke measuring instrument排气烟度opacity of exhaust gas烟度计opacimeter全流式烟度计full flow opacimeter取样烟度计sampling opacimeter光线有效通过长度effective path length of light ray 吸光系数light absorption coefficient峰值储存器peak hold device烟室smoke chamber引进气体incoming gas排出气体outgoing gas色温color temperature人眼的感光曲线photoptic curve of human eye 光谱反应曲线spectral response curve光源light source光束light beam直接光线direct light ray反射光线reflected light rays散射光diffused light光通量light lux中性滤波仪neutral optical filter烟度计物理反应时间physical response time of opacimeter 电气响应时间electrical response time倍频程octave热时常数thermal time-constant烟柱smoke column标定用遮光片calibrating screen示踪气体tracer gas扫气scavenge air冷却装置cooling device膨涨箱expansion tank暗度刻度obscuration scale光学试验台optical bench热电偶thermocouple气密性gas tightness阻尼室dampling chamber烟度计smokemeter光学式烟度计optical smokemeter不透光式烟度计smoke opacimeter比尔-朗伯定律beer-lambert law不透光度opacity (lgiht obscuration )(N)透光度transmittance(t)光吸收系数coefficient of light absorption (k) 光通道有效长度effective optical path length(L) 滤纸式烟度计filter type smokemeter有效长度effective length抽气量swept volume滤纸有效面积effective filter area死区容积dead volume烟度单位smoke unit(index)滤纸式烟度单位filter smoke number (FSN)内装式烟度计built-in (in-line)smokemeter外装式烟度计mounted(end-of line) smokemeter全流式烟度计full-flow smokemeter部分流式烟度计part-flow smokemeter取样探头probe排气收集系统exhaust gas collection equipment稀释空气样气收集袋sample collection bag for dilution air稀释空气取样探头sample probe for dilution air稀释排气混合气收集袋sample collection bag for dilute exhaust mixture 取样方法和设备sampling method and device全流取样法full flow sampling部分流取样法partial flow sampling定容取样法constant volume sampling (CVS) 全量袋式取样法total bag sampling比例取样法proportional smapling直接取样法direct sampling method动态或连续取样法dynamic or continuous sampling 容积式泵positive displacement pump临界流量文杜里管critical flow venturi稀释系数dilution factor稀释用空气dilution air稀释排气diluted exhaust稀释风道dilution ratio取样探管dilution tunnel取样袋sampling bag逆向清洗back flush试验方法和限值testing method and limits 试验循环test cycle行驶循环driving cycle工况mode行驶监视仪driver aid中间转速intermediate speed加权系数weighting coefficient美国烟排放物试验循环US EPA smoke emission test cycle 全负荷法full load method自由加速法free acceleraton method加载减速法lug down method稳定单速法single steady speed method道路试验法road test method滑行法coastdown密闭室测定蒸发排放物法（SHED）sealed housing ofr evaporative emission determination (SHED) 运转损失running losses热浸损失hot soak losses昼间换气损失diurnal breathing losses美国LA-4C法USEQP A-4CH test procedure美国LA-4CH法US EPA 4CH test procedure美国九工况法US EPA 9 -mode test cycle美国十三工况法US EPA 13-mde test cycle美国重型柴油机瞬态法US EPA heavy duty diesel engine transient test cycle日本四工况法Japanese 4-mode test cycle日本十工况法Japanese 10/11-mode test cycle 日本六工况法Japanese 6-mode test cycle欧洲ECE十五工况法ECE 15-mode test cycle排放限值emission limits怠速排放限值idle speed emission limits浓度排放限值emission concentration limits质量排放限值mass rate of emission limits净化purifying净化率purifying rate在用车in-use vehicle无铅汽油unleaded gasoline务化系数（DF）deterioration factor(DF) 车辆类型vehicle type道路车辆road vehicle商用车辆commercial vehicle机动车辆motor vehicle电动车辆electric vehicle摩托车motorcycle轻便摩托车moped轿车passenger car微型轿车minicar普通级轿车subcompact car中级轿车compact car中高级轿车intermediate car高级轿车limousine (pullman saloon)活顶轿车convertible saloon旅行轿车station wagon短头轿车forward control passenger car 小型轿车coupe敞蓬小轿车drop head coupe跑车sports car赛车racer (racing car)单座小客车one-seater七座小客车seven-seater越野车off-road vehicle轻型越野车light-off-road vehicle中型越野车medium off-road vehicle重型越野车heavy off -road vehicle超重型越野车extra heavy off- road vehicle 吉普车jeep硬顶吉普车hard top jeep客车bus微型客车minibus轻型客车light bus中型客车medium bus大型客车large bus客货两用小客车estate car (estate) 多用途客车multipurpose vehicle 厢式小客车closed car出租小客车taxicar城市客车urban bus大客车coach城间大客车intercity bus长途大客车long distance coach旅游客车sightseeing bus(touring bus) 铰接客车articulated bus无轨客车trolley bus双层客车double-deck bus团体客车private coach货车truck(lorry)微型货车mini-truck轻型货车light truck中型货车medium truck重型货车heavy truck公路货车highway vehicle小型货车pick-up平板货车platform truck(flat bed truck) 通用货车general -purpose vehicle短轴距货车short-wheel base truck长轴距货车long-wheelbase truck集装箱运输货车container carrier客货两用车cargo-bus厢式货车van牵引汽车towing vehicle全挂牵引汽车towing vehicle牵杆式牵引车full-trailer towing vehicle 半挂牵引车semi-trailer towing vehicle 道路列车road train客用道路列车passenger road train铰接式道路列车articulated road train双挂式道路列车double road train混合式道路列车composite road train天然气车辆natural gas vehicle(NGV)压缩天然气车辆compressed natural gas vehicle 液化天然气车辆liquid petroleum gas vehicle液化石油气车辆liquid petroleum gas vehicle双燃料车辆duel fuel vehicle单燃料车辆single fuel vehicle专用车special vehicle垃圾车dust car (refuse collector)冷藏车refrigerated van洒水车street sprinkler (street flusher) 囚车prison van殡仪车hearse售货车mobile store(mobile shop)图书馆车mobile library宣传车mobile louderspeaker商业广告车spiel truck展览汽车demonstration car博览会专用车fairground vehicle流动艺术展览车artmobile邮政车mobile post office运油车fuel tanker加油车refueller飞机牵引车aircraft tractor救护车ambulance (medical vehicle) 病院汽车clinic car医疗急救车rescue ambulanceX射线诊断车mobile-x-ray clinic防疫监测车mobile epidemic control vehicle 计划生育车mobile family -planning clinic 伤残者运送车handicapped person carrier炊事车kitchen vehicle餐车mobile canteen沐浴车mobile shower bath保温车insulated van电视转播车TV relaying vehicle电视录像车video recording vehicle摄影车mobile photographic studio电影放映车film projection vehicle邮件运输车mail carrier农用车farm vehicle种子检测车plant seeds inspection van植物保护车plant pest control vehicle计量检测车metrology inspection vehicle环境检测车mobile environment monitor畜禽防疫车mobile animal eqidemic control 交通监理车traffic control car刑事勘察车mobile crime investigation vehicle 气卸散装水泥车bulk-cement pneumatic delivery tanker气卸散装煤粉车bulk-coal powder pneumatic delivery tanker气卸散装电石粉车bulk-calcium carbide pneumatic delivery tanker 气卸散装化学粉粒车bulk-chemicals pneumatic delivery tanker食用植物油运油汽车edible oil tanker食用植物油加油车edible oil pump delivery tanker活鱼运输车life fish carrier气卸散装面粉车bulk-flour pneumatic delivery tanker吸尘车vacuum sweeper高压清洗车high-pressure sewer flushing vehicle吸污车suction -type sewer scavenger 真空吸粪车suction -type tumbrel tanker 自装卸垃圾车refuse collecting truck旋转板自装卸垃圾车compression refuse collector 航空食品装运车aircraft caterer's delivery truck 散装粮食运输车bulk-grain carrier散装饲料运输车bulk-fodder transport truck牲畜运输车livestock carrier家禽运输车poultry carrier养蜂车mobile bee-keeper原木运输车logging transporter管材运输车pole transporter车辆运输车car transporter锅炉车mobile boiler除雪车snow sweeper机场客梯车mobile aircraft landing stairs 消防车fire-fighting vehicle水罐消防车fire-extinguishing water tanker 泡沫消防车fire-extinguishing foam tanker 救火泵车fire pumper消防水罐车fire tanker泡沫灭火车foam vehicle消防指挥车fire service commanding car 云梯消防车fire-fighting truntable ladder 厢式汽车van厢式零担运输车break bulk cargo carrier罐式汽车tanker酸罐车acid tanker液化气罐车liquified gas tanker奶罐车milk tanker食品液罐车beverage tanker背罐车demountable tanker carrier装卸机械loading (unload)machine叉式装货机fork-type loading (unlaod)machine 刮板式装货机scraper type loading machine单斗式装货机single bucket loading machine带升降塔架车辆tower crane塔式超重机tower crane汽车吊车truck crane移动式起重机mobile crane固定式起重机stationary crane起重举升汽车crane/lift truck特种结构汽车special construction vehicle随车起重运输车truck with loading crane后栏板起重运输车tail-lift truck高空作业车hydraulic aerial cage（公路事故或故障车辆的）急修车breakdown truck修理车mobile workshop救险车recovery vehicle技术服务车service car现场用小车spot dolly工具车tool car故障检修车trouble car勘测工程车recording bus筑路工程用车road machine压路机road roller推土机ball dozer平路机motor grader铲运机wheeled loading shovel 轮式装载车wheeled loader轮式挖掘机wheeled excavator混凝土搅拌车concrete mixer truck焊接工程车mobile welding workshop沥青洒布车asphalt distribution truck沥青路面养护车asphalt pavement maintenance truck 沥青运输车heated bitument tanker建筑大板运输车prfab building panel transporter电信工程车telecommunicatin field service truck 工程机械运输车construction machinery transporter 仓栅式汽车storage/stake truck钻孔立柱车pole drill and erection truck油田试井车oil-well testing vehicle井架运输车derrick transporter修井车well maintenance vehicle地锚车mobile ground anchor vehicle灌注车oil well cracking acid pumping truck 照明车flood lighting vehicle后翻倾式自卸汽车rear dump truck两侧翻倾式自卸汽车side dump truck三面翻倾式自卸汽车three-way dump truck重型自卸汽车heavy duty dump truck 矿用自卸汽车mining dump truck专用自卸汽车special dump truck摆臂式自装卸汽车swept-body dump truck 车厢可卸式汽车roll-off skip loader全挂车full trailer半挂车semi-trailer特种挂车special trailer栏板货厢式挂车cargo trailer平板式挂车flat platform trailer低架式挂车low-loader trailer厢式挂车trailer van自卸式挂车dumper trailer旅居挂车caravan动物集装箱live-stock container 干货集装箱dry cargo container 保温集装箱isothermal container 框架集装箱flat rack container 散货集装箱bulk container罐式集装箱tank container冷藏集装箱refrigerated container质量mass净底盘干质量bare chassis dry mass净底盘整备质量bare chassis kerb mass底盘与驾驶室干质量chassis and cab dry mass底盘与驾驶室整备质量chassis and cab kerb mass整车交运质量complete vehicle shipping mass 整车整备质量complete vehicle kerb mass最大设计总质量maximum design total mass最大允许总质量maximum autohrozed total mass最大设计装载质量maximum design pay mass最大允许装载质量maximum autohorized pay mass厂定最大总质量manufacturer's maxumum total mass 载重量payload车辆自重kerb weight总重量gross weight轴荷axle load最大设计轴荷maximum design axle load最小设计轴荷minimum authorized axle load最大允许轴荷maximum design axle load轮胎最大设计拖挂质量maximum design tyre load最大设计拖挂质量maximum authorized tyre load最大允许拖挂质量maximum authorized towed mass汽车列车最大设计质量maximum design mass of vehicle combination汽车列车最大允许质量maximum authorized mass of vehicle combination铰接车最大设计质量maximum disgn mass of articulated vehicle铰接车最大允许质量maximum authorized amss of articulated vehicle半挂牵引车承受的最大静载荷maximum design static laod borne by semi-trailer towing vehicle 作用在挂接装置上的最大设计静载荷maximum design static laod on coupling device作用在挂接装置上的最大允许静载荷maximum authorized static load on coupling device比功率power/mass ratio比扭矩torque/maximum total mass ratio 重量利用系数factor of weight utilizaton汽车型谱chart of automotive model后驱动汽车rear drive automobile前驱动汽车front drive automobile发动机后置式客车bus with rear engine四轮驱动车辆all wheel drive automobile发动机前置式客车bus with front engine发动机底置式客车bus with underfloor engine计算机辅助设计computer aided deisgn(CAD)有限寿命设计design for finite life累积疲劳损伤原理theory of cumulative damage in fatique优化设计optimum deisgn汽车尺寸控制图sketch on layout ofr dimenshion's control of assembly 汽车总装配图automobile assembly drawing汽车总布置草图sketch for automobile layout汽车设计的技术经济分析technical -economic analysis in automobile design设计任务书design assignment系列化、通用化、标准化seriation ,universalization and standardization总布置设计calculation for layout 运动校核correction of motion 侧视轮廓side outline前视轮廓end outline顶视轮廓plan outline车长vehicle length车宽vehicle width车高vehicle height轴距wheel base轮距track前轮距track front后轮距track rear双胎间距space between twin wheels前悬front overhang后悬rear overhang离地间隙ground clearance纵向通过角ramp angle接近角approach angle离出角departure angle车架高度height of chassis above ground驾驶室后车架最大可用长度maximum usable length of chassis behind cab 车身长度body work length车厢内部最大尺寸maximum internal dimension of body货厢内长loading space length货厢有效长度loading length货厢内宽loading space width货厢有效内宽loading width货厢内高loading space height货厢有效内高loading height货台高度loading surface height车架自由长度frame free length栏板内高inside board hegiht货厢容积loading surface门高door height门宽door width车架有效长度chassis frame useful length货厢全长body length牵引杆长drawbar length牵引装置的位置position of towing attachment 牵引装置的悬伸overhang of towing atachment牵引装置的高度heigth of towing attachment牵引装置牵距distance of towing attachment牵引座前置距fifth wheel lead长度计算用牵引座前置距fifth wheel lead for calculation of length质量分配用牵引座前置距fith wheel lead for calculation of mass distribution牵引座结合面高度height of coupling face牵引装置至车辆前端的距离distance between towing device and front end of towing vehicle 牵引叉销至车辆前端的距离distance between jaw and front end of towing vehicle半挂车间隙半径rear tractor clearance radius of semi-trailer半挂车前回转半径front fitting radius of semi trailer车轮垂直行程vertical clearance of wheel车轮提升高度lift of wheel转弯半径turning circle静止半径static radius碰撞collision (crash,impact)正碰撞frontal collision (frontal impact) 侧碰撞side collision (side impact)后碰撞rear collision (rear impact)擦碰撞sidewipe collision碰撞方向collision direction碰撞角度collision angle倾斜的oblique(tilt)成角度的angled纵向的longitudinal垂直的perpendicular对中centered偏置offset重叠overlap碰撞轴线排列collision axis alignment 纯正撞pure frontal impact。

电池英语及翻译术语专业英语词汇_英语词汇

电池英语及翻译术语专业英语词汇_英语词汇

Alkaline batteries ：碱性电池Capacitor batteries：电容电池Carbon zinc batteries ：碳锌电池Lead acid batteries：铅酸电池Lead calcium batteries：铅钙电池Lithium batteries ：锂电池Lithium ion batteries ：锂离子电池Lithium polymer batteries：锂聚合物电池Nickel cadmium batteries ：镍镉电池Nickel iron batteries ：镍铁电池Nickel metal hydride batteries ：金属氧化物镍氢电池/镍氢电池Nickel zinc batteries：镍锌电池Primary batteries ：原电池Rechargeable batteries ：充电电池Sealed lead acid batteries：密封铅酸电池Silver cadmium batteries ：银钙电池Silver oxide batteries ：银氧化物电池Silver zinc batteries：银锌电池Zinc chloride batteries：银氯化物电池Zinc air batteries：锌空电池Environmental Protection batteries:环保电池Lithium batteries ：锂电池Lithium ion batteries ：锂离子电池Lithium polymer batteries：锂聚合物电池铅酸蓄电池 Lead-acid battery起动铅酸电池 Lead-acid starter batteries摩托车用铅酸电池 Lead-acid batteries for motorcycles内燃机车用铅酸电池 Lead-acid batteries for disel locomotive电动道路车辆用铅酸电池 Lead-acid batteries for electric road vehicles小型阀控密封式铅酸电池 small-sized valve-regulated lead-acid batteries航空用铅酸电池 Aircraft lead-acid batteries固定型阀控密封式铅酸蓄电池 Lead-acid batteries for stationary valve-regulated铅酸电池用极板 plate for lead-acid battery铅锭 lead ingots牵引用铅酸电池 Lead-acid traction batteies电解液激活蓄电池 electrolyte activated battery更多电池资讯：电池产品认证指导网站：valve 排气阀filling device for pleral cells 电池组填充装置negative electrode 负电极negative plate 负极板addition reagent for negative plate 负极板添加剂indicator 指示器top cover 上盖vent plug 液孔塞expanded grid 扩展式板栅specific gravity indicator 比重指示器electrolyte level control pipe 电解液液面控制管electrolyte level indicator 电解液液面指示器electrolyte level sensor 电解液液面传感器hard rubber container 硬橡胶槽envelope separator 包状隔板woven cloth tube 纺布管spongy lead 海绵状铅partition 隔壁over the partition type 越过隔壁型through the partition type 贯通隔壁贯通型separator 隔板(1)battery rack(2)battery stand(3)battery stillage 蓄电池架/蓄电池底垫active material 活性物质glass fiber separator 玻璃纤维隔板glass mat 玻璃纤维绵glass mat tube 玻璃纤维绵管spacing washer 间隔垫圈reinforced fiber separator 强化纤维隔板polarity mark plate 极性标记板pole 极柱pole insulator 极柱绝缘子pole nut 极柱螺母plate 极板plate foot 极板足plate supporter 极板支撑件element 极板群/极群组pole bolt 极柱螺栓plate lug 极板耳dilute sulfuric acid 稀硫酸steel can 金属罐steel container 金属蓄电池槽(1)madribs(2)element rest 鞍子/极群组座tubular plate 管状极板gelled electrolyte 胶体电解液更多电池资讯：电池产品认证指导网站：板栅caution label 警告标签synthetic resin separator 合成树脂隔板plastics container 塑料蓄电池槽synthetic fiber separator 合成纤维隔板connector sunken type 沉没型连接器connetor exposed type 露出型连接器safety valve test 安全阀测试ampere-hour efficency 安时效率one charge distance range 一次充电行程gas recombination on negative electrode typecut-off discharge 终止放电/截止放电阴极气体再化合型/阴极气体复合型(1）specific characteristic (2)energy density (1)比特性（2）能量密度recovering charge 恢复充电(1)open circuit voltage(2)off-load voltage 开路电压/空载电压overcharge 过充电gassing 析气overcharge life test 过充电寿命试验accelerated life test 加速寿命试验active material utilization 活性物质利用率theoretical capacity of active material 活性物质的理论容量over discharge 过放电intermittent discharge 间歇放电full charge 完全充电full discharge 完全放电reverse charge 反充电/反向充电quick charge 快速放电allowable minimum voltage 允许最小电压equalizing charge 均衡充电creeping 蠕变group voltage 组电压shallow cycle endurance 轻负荷寿命/轻负荷循环寿命characteristic of electrolyte decrease 电解液减少特性nominal voltage 标称电压high rate discharge 高率放电high rate discharge characteristic 高率放电特性5 second voltage at discharge 放电 5 秒电压（1）cold cranking ampere（2）cold cranking performance（1）冷启动电流（2）冷启动性能cycle life test 循环寿命测试maximum voltage at discharge 最大放电电压30 second voltage at discharge 放电 30 秒电压residual capacity 残存容量(1)hour rate(2) discharge rate （1）小时率（2）放电率更多电池资讯：电池产品认证指导网站：self discharge (2) local action （1）自放电（2）局部自放电(1) self discharge rate(2) local action rate （1）自放电率（2）局部自放电率actual capacity 实际容量(1)starting capability(2)cranking ability 启动能力cranking current 启动电流battery clamp test 电池夹钳测试power density 功率密度momentary discharge 瞬间放电modified constant voltage charge 修正恒定电压充电initial capacity 初始容量gas recombination by catalyser type 触媒气体复合式initialcharge 初始充电viberation test 振动试验predetermined voltage 预定电压total voltage 总电压activation test for dry charged battery 干式荷电蓄电池活化试验salting 盐析earthquake-proof characteristics 防震性能dielectric voltage withstand test 电介质耐压试验short time discharge 短时间放电escaped acid mist test 酸雾逸出测试terminal voltage 端子电压cell voltage 单电池电压step charge阶段充电short-circuit current 短路电流storage test 保存测试high rate discharge at low temperature 低温高率放电rated voltage 额定电压rated capacity 额定容量fixed resistance discharge 定阻抗放电constant voltage charge 恒压充电constant voltage life test 恒压寿命测试constant current charge 恒流充电constant voltage constant current charge 恒流恒压充电constant current discharge 恒流放电constant watt discharge 恒功率放电low rate discharge characteristics 低率放电特征trickle charge 涓流充电trickle charge current 涓流充电电流trickle charge life test 涓流充电寿命测试thermal runaway 热失控driving pattern test 运行测试capacity in driving pattern test 运行测试更多电池资讯：电池产品认证指导网站：charge急充电floating charge浮充电floating charge voltage 浮充电电压floating charge current 浮充电电流(1)mean voltage (2)average voltage 平均电压on-load voltage 负载电压discharge duration time 放电持续时间(1)final voltage(2)cut-off voltage(3)end voltagedepth of discharge 放电深度discharge voltage 放电电压discharge current 放电电流discharge current density 放电电流密度discharge watt-hour 放电瓦时discharge characteristics 放电特性discharged ampere-hour 放电安时explosion proof test 防爆测试auxiliary charge 补充电maintenance factor 维护率storage characteristics 保存特性终止电压/截止电压gas recombinating efficiencycharge 充电气体复合效率/气体再化合效率charge acceptance test 充电可接受性试验start-of-charge current 充电开始电流charge efficiency 充电效率end-of-charge voltage 充电结束电压specific gravity of electrolyte at the end of charge充电结束时电解液比重charge voltage 充电电压charge current 充电电流charged watt-hour 充电瓦时charge characteristic 充电特性charge ampere-hour 充电安时deep cycle endurance 重负荷循环寿命/重复合寿命weight engergy density 重量能量密度rubber pad 橡胶垫lower level line 下液面线side terminal 侧端子collective exhaust unit 公共的排放单元sintered plaque 烧结极板sintered separator 烧结隔板sintered plate 烧结极板catalyst plug 催化塞spine 芯骨strap 带更多电池资讯：电池产品认证指导网站：隔离物insulating tube绝缘管intercell connector连接线/连接条connector cover连接管盖float mounted plug 浮动安装的栓(1)pasted plate (2)grid type plate 涂膏式极板braidd tube 编织管(1)flame-arrester vent plug (2)flam-retardant vent plug 安全塞explosion and splash proof construction 防爆防溅结构baffle 保护板pocket type plate 袋式极板bottom hole-down 底孔向下（固定）bolt fastening terminal 螺栓连接端子male blade 阳片monoblock container 整体槽positive electrode 正极positive plate 正极板leading wire terminal 引线端子retainer mat 止动垫片ribbed separator 肋隔板(1)jumping wire (2)inter low wire 跳线end plate 端板filling plug 注液塞plante plate 形成式极板/普朗特极板tubular plate 管式极板low electric resistance separator 低电阻隔板tapered terminal post 锥形接线柱electrolyte 电解液container 蓄电池槽/蓄电池壳set of container 成套蓄电池槽level-scope mounted plug 透视塞/透视栓handle 手柄jug 取液管(1)connector;(2)plug concent (1)连接器；(2)插座式连接器connector wire 连接线connecting bar 连杆connecting bar cover 连杆帽lead 引线/连接线edge insulator 绝缘卡side frame 侧框架battery cubicle 蓄电池箱perforated separator 多孔隔板burning rod (铅)焊条terminal 端子更多电池资讯：电池产品认证指导网站：connector 端子连接条terminal cover 端子盖terminal base 端子座tab 接线片lead bushing 铅套corrugated separator 波形隔板(1)lead dioxide;(2)lead peroxide (1)二氧化铅；(2)过氧化铅(1)woven separator;(2)nonwoven separator (1)织物隔板；(2)非织物隔板vent hole 通气孔exhaust tube 排气管antipolar mass 反极性物质output cable 输出电缆microporous rubber separator 微孔像胶隔板specific gravity indicator 比重计leaf separator 叶片式隔板lid sealing compound 密封剂/封口剂sealing gasket 密封衬垫/垫圈lid 蓄电池盖set of lid 系列的盖方通盖板cover board底板solepiece钢珠steel ball压钢珠press steel ball防爆阀valve preventing explosion大电流(倍率)放电discharge in high rate current 标称电压Normal voltage标称容量normal capacity放电容量discharge capacity充电上限电压limited voltage in charge 放电下限电压更多电池资讯：电池产品认证指导网站：voltage in discharge恒流充电constant current charge恒压充电constant voltage charge恒流放电constant current discharge 放电曲线discharge curve充电曲线charge curve放电平台discharge voltage plateau 容量衰减capacity attenuation起始容量initial discharge capacity 流水线pipelining传送带carrying tape焊极耳welding the current collector卷绕wind叠片layer贴胶带stick tape点焊spot welding超声焊ultrasonic weldingThe terminating voltage in discharge of the battery is volt. The limited voltage in charge of the battery is volt.三元素Nickle-Cobalt-Manganese Lithium Oxidethree elements materials钴酸锂Cobalt Lithium Oxide锰酸锂Manganese Lithium Oxide石墨graphite更多电池资讯：电池产品认证指导网站：烘箱oven真空烘箱vacuum oven搅拌机mixing devicevacuum mixing device涂布机coating equipment裁纸刀paper knife ,,,,,,cutting knife分条机equipment for cutting big piece to much pieces 辊压机roll press equipment电阻点焊机spot welding machine超声点焊机ultrasonic spot welding machine 卷绕机winder自动叠片机auto laminating machine激光焊机laser welding machine注液机infusing machine真空注液机vacuum infusion machine预充柜pre-charge equipment化成柜formation systems分容柜grading systems测试柜testing systems内阻仪battery inner resistance tester 万用表multimeter转盘式真空封口机turntable type vacuum sealing machine更多电池资讯：电池产品认证指导网站：自动冲膜机automatic aluminum membrane shaper序号首字母英文中文1 A aging 老化2 B battery charger3 black-fleck 黑斑4 C cap 盖板充电器5 capacity density 能量密度6 capacity grading 分容7 cathode tab welding 极耳超焊8 cell 电芯9 charge(capacity) retention 荷电（容量）保持10 checking code 检码11 concave spot 凹点12 constant current charge 恒流充电13 constant current discharge 恒流放电14 constant voltage charge 恒压充电15 corrective measures 纠正措施16 crack 裂纹17 cut-off voltage 终止电压18 cycle life 循环寿命19 D dark trace 暗痕20 degrade 降级21 dent 凹痕22 discharge depth 放电深度23 distortion 变形24 drape 打折25 E Electrical and MechanicalServices Department 机电部26 electrolyte 电解，电解液27 empaistic 压纹28 end-off voltage 放电截止电压29 environmentally friendly 对环境友好30 equipment first inspection 设备首检31 erode 腐蚀32 explosion-proof line 防爆线33 F first inspection 首检34 formation 化成35 fracture 断裂36 I inspection 检验37 insulate 绝缘38 internal resistance 内阻更多电池资讯：电池产品认证指导网站：J jellyroll 卷芯40 joint 接缝，结合点41 L laser deflecting 偏光42 laser reticle 激光刻线43 laser welding-flatwise weld 激光焊接-平焊laser welding-standing weld 激光焊接-立焊44 leakage 漏液45 leak-checking 测漏46 leaving out of welding 漏焊47 limited charge voltage 充电限制电压48 local action 自放电49 M margin turnly 翘边50 measuring the dimension of cells 电芯卡尺寸51 meet requirement 达到要求52 memory effects 记忆效应53 N nick 划痕54 nominal voltage 标称电压55 notice-board confirmation 看板确认56 nugget 硬块57 O obverse 正面58 open circuit voltage 开路电压59 over charge 过充60 over discharge 过放61 over the thickness 超厚62 P particle 颗粒63 PE membrane PE 膜64 pit 坑点65 placing cells into the box 电芯装盒66 point inspection 点检67 preventive measures 预防措施68 pricking the tapes 扎孔69 process inspection 制程检验70 put the battery piled up 将电芯叠放在一起71 Q qualified products 合格品72 quality assurance 质量保证73 quality control 质量控制74 quality improvement 质量改进75 quality match 品质配对76 quality planning 质量策划77 R rated capacity 额定容量78 recharge 再充电79 refitting the can of cell 电芯壳口整形80 requirment 要求81 reverse 背面，反面更多电池资讯：电池产品认证指导网站：rework 返工83 ringing cells into pyrocondensation films84 S safety vent 安全阀85 sand aperture 砂眼86 scar 疤痕87 secondary battery 二次电池88 select appearance 选外观sharp-set 批锋89 short circuit checking 测短路90 smudginess 污物91 spot welding by laser 激光点焊92 spot welding place 点焊位置93 spraying the code 喷码94 spur 毛刺95 sticking the PVC cover boards 贴面垫96 storing 陈化97 storing with high voltage 高压储存98 T tabs deflection 极耳歪斜99 tabs excursion 极耳错位100 technics requiment 工艺要求101 U ultrasonic welding 超声波焊接102 ultrasonic welding strength 超焊强度103 unqualified products 不合格品104 W wave 波浪105 working procedure 工序套热缩膜Voltage：Units of measuring electrical current, all batteries are rated in volts DC.(DirectCurrent). This determines how much energy is needed to power your equipment.Voltage plateau:（电压平台）A slow decrease in voltage over a long period of time. As a rule, the plateauextendsfrom the first voltage drop at the start of the discharge to the bend of thecurveafter which the voltage drops rapidly at the end.Nominal Voltage（标称电压）The voltage of a battery, as specified by the manufacturer, discharging at aspecified rate and temperature.Working voltage（工作电压）The working voltage of a cell or battery begins at its electrical connections assoon as an electrical consumer is connected to it.Discharging voltage, average voltage (放电电压)更多电池资讯：电池产品认证指导网站：average discharging voltage is the average value of the dischargingvoltageduring the entire discharging process with a related discharging current.Open circuit voltage (OCV 开路电压)The voltage of a battery when there is no current flowing.Closed-Circuit Voltage (CCV 闭路电压)The potential or voltage of a battery when it is discharging or charging. State of charge:The rate of charge capacity vs. whole capacity.Initial voltage（起始电压）A battery＇s initial voltage is the working voltage when discharging begins. End-point voltage (End voltage, Cutoff voltage, Final voltage)截止电压Specified closed circuit voltage at which a service output test is terminated. End-of-discharge voltageThe battery voltage when discharge is terminated.End-of-charge voltageThe battery voltage when charge is terminated.Cutoff voltage (V)The battery voltage at which charge or discharge is terminated.Definition: Capacity(容量）The capacity of a cell is defined as how manymilli-amp-hours (mAh) of current the cell canstore and subsequently deliver.One milli-amp (mA) is 1/1000th of an Amp. Somelarger cell capacities are expressed in Amp-hours(Ah).“Rated capacity” is varies with discharge rate,temperature, and cutoff voltage.Rated capacity is different from power or energyExample:If a cell is rated at 1000 mAh, then it can deliverthe following:1000 mA of current for 1 hour500 mA of current for 2 hours200 mA of current for 5 hours2000 mA of current for 1/2 hourDefinition: Energy Density(能量密度，包括体积比能量和质量比能量）The energy density of a cell is a measure of howmuch energy can be stored in the cell per unitvolume or per unit weight.E (watt-hours) = cell voltage x capacity rating更多电池资讯：电池产品认证指导网站：Energy density per unit volumeis called the“volumetric energy density” and is expressed interms of watt-hours/liter (wh/l).Energy density per unit weight is called the“gravimetric energy density” and is expressedin terms of watt-hours/kilogram (wh/kg).These measurements are useful when you aretrying to determine which cell has the mostcapacity per unit volume or weight.Discharge自放电of the Li-ion Batteriesstrap 钢带vent 防爆阀 port 注液孔锂离子电池的一致性wound type cylindrical wound type箔圆柱形prismatic design 方形叠片式设计Ageing （老化）-Permanent loss of capacity with frequent use orthe passage of time due to unwanted irreversible chemical reactions in the cell.Anode（阳极） - The electrode in an electrochemical cell where oxidation takes place,releasing electrons.During discharge the negative electrode of the cell is the anode.During charge the situation reverses and the positive electrode of the cell is the anode.Cathode（阴极） - The electrode in an electrochemical cell where reduction takesplace, gaining electrons.During discharge the positive electrode of the cell is the cathode. During chargethe situation reverses andthe negative electrode of the cell is the cathode.Cycle （循环）- A single charge and discharge of a battery.Depth of discharge DOD （放电深度）- The ratio of the quantity of electricity orcharge removed from a cell on discharge to its rated capacity.Internal impedance（交流内阻） - Resistance to the flow of AC current within a cell.It takes into account the capacitive effect of the plates forming the electrodes.Internal resistance（直流内阻）- Resistance to the flow of DC electric current withina cell,causing a voltage drop across the cell in closed circuit proportional to the currentdrain from the cell.A low internal impedance is usually required for a high rate cell.更多电池资讯：电池产品认证指导网站：锂离子电池的内阻英语概念到底用哪个概念，是Internal resistance还是Internalimpedance，一些电池说明书内阻用 Internal resistance，也有的用 Internal impedance，我认为 Internal impedance 较好些，因为国内测的电池内阻基本都是交流内阻，而外文也有这样定义的（我在别的帖子也粘贴过）：Internal impedance（交流内阻） - Resistance to the flow of AC current within a cell.It takes into account the capacitive effect of the plates forming the electrodes.Internal resistance（直流内阻）- Resistance to the flow of DC electric current withina cell,causing a voltage drop across the cell in closed circuit proportional to the currentdrain from the cell.A low internal impedance is usually required for a high rate cell.在 IEC6196002 中，只定义为 Internal resistance，而用交流的方法测得的内阻，叫Internal. resistance（交流内阻）用直流的方法测得的内阻，叫 Internal . resistance（直流内阻），其实 Internal.resistance 测得就是阻抗，这样看来不如用 Internal impedance（交流内阻）和 Internal resistance （直流内阻）这两个概念把它们进行分清，以免混淆。

印刷术语英文翻译

印后术语2（转全国标准技术委员会）3 装订工艺binding process将印张加工成册所采用的各种加工技术。

3.1 平装paper-cover binding书籍常用的一种简单装订方式，以纸质软封面为主要特征。

3.2 精装hard-cover binding常用硬纸板作书壳的，表面装潢讲究和耐用、耐保存的一种书籍装订方式。

3.3 骑马订装saddle stitching用金属丝从书帖折缝中穿订的装联方式。

3.4 线装chinese traditional thread sewing用线把书页连封面装订成册，订线露在外面的中国传统装联方式。

3.5 活页装loose-leaf binding以各种夹、扎、穿等方式把散页连在一起并可分拆装联方式。

3.6 螺旋装spiral binding把打好孔的散页用螺旋形金属条或塑料条穿在一起的装联方式。

3.7 特殊装special binding非常用的装联方式，如卷轴装、经折装和蝴蝶装等。

3.8 胶粘订（无线胶订）perfect binding书帖、书页用胶黏剂粘成书册的装联方式。

3.9 锁线订thread sewing配页后的书帖逐帖用线穿订成书芯的装联方式。

3.10 铁丝订wire side-stitching用铁丝在订口边穿订成芯的装联方式。

3.11 塑料线烫订plastic thread sealing用塑料线与纱线的混合线把书页穿订并熔融成书帖的装联方式。

3.12 折页folding将印张折叠成书帖的工序。

3.13 配页collating将书帖或单页按页码顺序配集的工序。

3.14 压平nipping (pressing)用压平机将书帖或书芯压实的工序。

3.15 铣背milling用铣削刀具将书芯的背按要求铣削平整，使所有书页在书背处露出。

3.16 开槽notching胶粘装订中在书芯背横断面上开槽、以便注胶，使书芯与封面粘接更牢固。

3.17 扒圆rounding圆背精装书在上书壳前，先把书芯背部处理成圆弧形的工序。

商务英语翻译合同术语及公司介绍术语及

This contract is made in two originals that shouldbe held by each party.此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。

What is left unmentioned in contract may be addedthere as an appendix.本合同未尽事宜，可由双方增补作为合同附件。

The Contract is written in quadruplicate (two for original and copy respectively) which shallbecome valid onthe date of signature.本合同一式四份〔正副本各两份〕自签署后生效This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each of which shallbe deemed equallyauthentic. This contract is in 2 copies effective since being signed/sealed by both parties. 本合同为中英文两种文本，两种文本具有同等效力。

本合同一式两份。

自双方签字〔盖章〕之日起生效。

This contract is made by and between the buyers and sellers， whereby the buyers agree to buy andthe sellersagree to sell the under-mentioned. Commoditiesaccording to the terms and conditions stipulatedbelow.本合同由买卖双方签订，根据本合同条款，买方同意购置，卖方同意出售以下产品。

英语合同翻译专业术语

商务英语合同术语◆合同contract◆定约人contractor◆合同价格contract price◆合同争议contractual dispute◆撤销合同cancellation of contract◆合同副本copies of the contract◆合同违约breach of contract◆标书，招投标bid◆招投标人bidder◆要约offer◆要约人offeror◆要约的撤销cancellation of offer◆要约的效力effect of offer◆要约的消除extinction of offer◆反要约counteroffer◆交叉要约cross offer◆承诺promise◆承诺的延迟delay of promise◆承诺的撤回withdraw of promise◆缔约上的过失culpa in contract◆同意consent◆标的object◆标的物objective thing◆标的物的风险burden of object risk◆定义条款definition clause◆陈述与保证representations and warranties◆合同各方parties to the contract◆违约金liquidated damages◆定金deposit◆法定违约金liquidated damages by law◆约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement◆债权人creditor◆债务人debtor◆不当履行misfeasance◆抵消setoff◆合伙partnership◆合伙人partner◆合伙协议partnership agreement◆入伙join partnership◆退伙withdrawal from partnership◆法人legal person◆企业法人legal body of enterprise◆中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise◆中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterpnse◆承租人lessee◆租赁人lessor◆赠与人donator◆承运人carrier◆委托人principal◆代理人agent◆副本，抄本transcript◆卖主vendor◆停业wind up a business◆母公司parent company◆变更alteration◆法律变更的调整adjustments for changes in legislation ◆应付金额amount due◆可适用的applicable◆预付款advance payment◆附录appendix◆仲裁arbitration◆授权代表authorized representative◆分配，指派assignment◆由于attributable to◆接受acceptance◆中标acceptance of bid◆代理agency◆审查，审计audit◆账户，账目account◆诉讼action◆上诉appeal to◆从某日起on and after◆某日之前，提前多少日prior to◆不损害某规定，某情况下without prejudice to ◆因为in consideration of◆至于，在某方面in respect of◆壹佰万美元整ONE MILLION US DOLLARS◆即使notwithstanding◆商品价目表price list of commodity◆商品标价陈列display of commodity price◆商品分类表class of goods◆合同废除rescission of contract◆单方解除unilateral cancellation◆合同的单方解除unilateral removal of contract ◆合同的法定解除legal removal of contracts◆合同的书面形式written form of contract◆口头合同oral contract◆要式合同formal contract◆非要式合同informal contract◆实践合同real contract◆诺成合同consensual contract by promise ◆主合同principle contract◆附属合同accessory contract◆标准合同standard contract◆预约合同preliminary agreement◆利他合同altruistic contract◆瑕疵defect◆物之瑕疵defect of things◆权利之瑕疵defect of right◆提单bill of lading◆工程量清单bill of quantity◆人身伤害bodily injury◆违背，破坏breach◆破产bankruptcy◆水准基点bench mark◆裁决adjudication◆裁判员adjudicator◆裁决委员会adjudication board◆具体权利义务条款operative clause◆合同期限term◆合同期限的延展extension◆保密义务confidentiality◆索赔claim◆违约救济remedies for breach of contract ◆责任限制limitation on liability◆不可抗力Force Majeure◆争议的解决settlement of disputes◆友好协商friendly consultation◆裁决的执行enforcement of award◆适用法律applicable law◆其他规定miscellaneous provision◆修改amendment◆通知notice◆弃权Waiver◆可转让性assignability◆可分割性severability◆语言language◆签署execution◆价格price◆给付期period of payment◆合同的生效validity of contract◆合同履行地place of performance of contract◆合同的批准ratification of contract◆合同的终止termination of contract◆合同落空failure of contract◆公司设立备忘录memorandum of incorporation◆备忘录(合作备忘录）memorandum◆公司设立协议articles for incorporation◆公司设立章程articles of association◆意向书letter of intent◆意向性协议，框架性协议heads of agreement◆初步协议preliminary agreement◆加工合同contract of processing◆定做合同work contract◆农业承包经营合同agriculture contracting contract◆综合性承包合同comprehensive contracting contract◆企业承包经营合同enterprise contracting management contract◆抵押贷款合同contract of mortgage loan◆商品房贷款合marketable building loan contract◆商业贷款合同commercial loan contract◆建设工程勘察设计合同contract for prospecting anddesign of construction project◆招标合同inviting bids◆供给服务合同supplies service contract◆委托合同trust contract◆航空货物运输保险air transportation cargo Insurance◆联运合同contract of through transportation◆抵押合同mortgage contract◆贷款合同loan contract◆物业管理合同property management contract◆建设工程建设安装承包合同中construction engineering and installation contract◆采购合同purchase contract◆运输合同carriage / transportation / forwarding contract ◆进出口合同import and export contract◆补偿贸易合同contract for compensation trade◆供应合同supply agreement◆技术服务合同technical service contract◆技术咨询协议technical consulting agreement◆技术开发协议technical development agreement◆技术转让协议technical transfer agreement◆许可协议licensing agreement◆保险合同insurance contract◆委托付款协议escrow agreement◆保证金协议deposit agreement◆服务合同service agreement◆风险投资管理协议venture capital management agreement◆合伙协议partnership agreement◆股权转让协议share transfer agreement /Agreement on assignment of equity interests◆和解协议composition agreement◆法律顾问协议employment contract for legal consultant ◆合资企业合同joint venture contract◆子公司subsidiary◆代位权subrogation◆买卖合同sale contract◆电、水、气、热力供应合同contracts for supply of power，water, gas and heat◆赠与合同gift contract◆借款合同contract for loan of money◆租赁合同leasing contract◆融资租赁合同financial leasing contract◆承揽合同work-for-hire contract◆建设工程合同contract for construction projects◆运输合同carriage contract◆技术合同technology contract◆保管合同safe-keeping contract◆仓储合同warehousing contract◆委托代理合同agency appointment contract◆委托合同trading trust contract◆委托合同trading trust contract◆行纪合同和居间合同brokerage contract◆劳动合同labour contract◆保密协议confidentiality agreement◆竟业禁止协议non-compete agreement◆人事代理协议human agency agreement◆遗赠抚养协议legacy-support agreement◆离婚协议divorce agreement◆收养协议adoption agreement◆商品房买卖合同contract of sale for commodity house◆土地使用权出让、出租、转让合同contract for assignment，lease and transfer of the right to the use of land。

分析术语英语翻译

分析术语英语翻译玻璃漏斗Glass funnel long stem试管test tube test tube brush test tube holder test tube rack 蒸发皿evaporating dish small烧杯beaker锥形瓶Erlenmeyer量筒grad cylinder洗瓶plastic wash bottle勺皿casserole ,smallstoppered flask分液漏斗separalory funnelwater bath/oil bathstrring barmagnetic stirrer冷凝器condenserBallast bottle圆颈烧瓶Round-buttom flask试剂瓶reagent bottles托盘天平platform balance 台秤0.1g 托盘pan 指针刻度表pointer and scale crossbeams and sliding weights 游码分析天平two-pan/single-pan analytical balance滴定管burette glass bead(basic) nozzle移液管pipette 胖肚elongated glass bulb洗耳球rubber suction bulb玻棒glass rod玻璃活塞stopcock容量瓶pyknowmeter flasks比重瓶(one-mark)volumetric flasks胖肚吸管one-mark pipette刻度吸管graduated pipettes实验仪器清单1、柜子中四、抽屉中：锥形瓶(conical flask) 250ml×4 药匙(medicine spoon)×1 (Erlenmeyer flask) 100 ml×3 滴管(drip tube;dropper)×2 烧杯(beaker) 500 ml×1 玻棒(Glass stic)×2250 ml×3 木试管夹(test tube clamp;test tube holder)×1 100 ml×3 胖肚吸管(straws) 25 ml×150 ml×2 10 ml×1容量瓶(volumetric flask) 100 ml×2 乳钵(morta)×150 ml×4 洗耳球(ear wadhing bulb)碘量瓶(iodin numoe flask;iodineflask) 500 ml×3试剂瓶(reagent bottle) （无色）×2（棕色）×2 配洗液：量筒（cylinder）100 ml×1 K2Cr2O72g+5ml水→65mlH2SO4 (graduated cylinder)10ml×1 边加边搅拌(stir)。

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二十个翻译术语解释
1.归化：“采取民族中心主义的态度，使外语文本符合译入语的文化价值观，把原作者带入译语语文化”
【Lawrence Venuti】即在翻译中尽可能用本民族的方式去表现外来作品。

归化法要求译者向译
语读者靠拢，采取译语读者习惯的译语表达方式，来传达原文的内容。

归化的目的是力求译
文通顺易懂，能为译语读者所接受。

2.异化：“对这些文化价值观的一种民族偏离主义的压力，接受外语文本的语言及文化差异，把读者带
入外国情境”【Lawrence Venuti】异化法要求译者向作者靠拢，采取相应于作者使用的原语表达方式，来传达原文的内容。

“（翻译）必须有异国情调，就是所谓的洋气”【鲁迅】异化可以很好的保留或传递原文文化内涵，但对不熟悉源语的读者而言阅读有一定难度。

3.语际翻译：（interlingual translation）。

两种（或多种）语言在它们共同构成的跨语言语境中进行的意义
交流。

语际翻译更关注如何在更为广阔的地平域和更广阔的（跨）文化天地中实现异质
语言的相互对接和转换----以意义为标尺，以交流为目的的语符转换。

对地域性的倾向。

（简单来说，语际翻译就是不同语际之间的翻译活动）
4.语内翻译：(intralingual translation)某一种语言内部为着某种目的进行的词句意义的转换。

语内翻译总
是把经典的或非经典的历史文本当作转化的对象，并且以译者所在场的文化语境为标尺师
徒把历史文本改造为现代文本。

对历史性的关注。

（简单来说就是同一语言的各个语言变
体之间的翻译）
5.连续传译：又称“交替传译”或“即席口译”，简称“连传”或“交传”，它是在发言人讲完部分内容
或全部内容后，由译员进行翻译。

这种口译方式可以在很多场合下采用，如演讲、祝辞、
授课、谈判、情况介绍会、会议发言、新闻发布会等。

一般认为，连续传译的正式职业化
是在第一次世界大战后，1919年的“巴黎和会”上大批量地正式使用连续传译。

6.同声传译：（simultaneous interpretation）简称同传，又称同声翻译、同步口译。

是译员在不打断讲话
者演讲的情况下，不停地将其讲话内容传译给听众的一种口译方式。

是一种受时间严格限
制难度极高的语际转换活动，它要求译员在听辨源语讲话的同时，借助已有的主题知识迅
速完成对源语信息的预测、理解、记忆、转换和目的语的计划、组织、表达、监听与修正，
同步说出目的语译文，因此同声传译又叫同步口译。

同声传译具有很强的专业性和学术性。

同传人员就业前景广阔，工资高。

7.信、达、雅：《天演论》中的“译例言”讲到：“译事三难：信、达、雅。

求其信已大难矣，顾信矣不
达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉。

”“信”指意义不背原文，强调对原文思想内容的信，以及
原作风格神韵的信；“达”指不拘泥于原文形式；“雅”则指追求文章本身的古雅。

8.可译性：（translatability）指的是在双语转换的过程中，一种语言中的文字和文化通过翻译顺畅地用另
一种语言表达出来，使得操两种不同语言，身处不同文化的人对同一事物有大致相同的认识
和理解。

可译性探讨的是一种语言翻译成另一种语言的可行程度。

人类语言共性构成了可译
性的基础，语言的差异性构成了可以性的限度。

可译性的哲学依据是同类事物之间的相似性，
维根斯坦称之为“家族相似”。

9.形合：（hypotaxis）指句子内部的连接或句子间的连接采用句法手段（syntactic devices）或词汇手段
（lexical devices）。

,“形”是英文行文必不可少的要素。

印欧语言重形合，语句各成分的相互
结合常用适当的连接词语。

10.意合：（parataxis）指“句子内部的连接或句子间的连接采用语义手段（semantic connection）”而汉
语的句子铺排则以“意”为核心。

语句各成分之间的结合多靠意义贯通，少用连接语，所以
句法结构短小精悍，汉民族重内省和体悟，不重逻辑，语言简约，意义模糊，表现出意合特
征。

11.意译：（free translation; paraphrase; liberal translation）是只保持原文内容，不保持原文形式的翻译方
法或翻译文字。

（冯庆华，《实用翻译教程》）通常在翻译句子或词组(或更大的意群)时使用较多,意译主要在原语与译语体现巨大文化差异的情况下得以应用.从跨文化语言交际和文化交流的角度来看,意译强调的是译语文化体系和原语文化体系的相对独立性.大量的实例说明,意译的使用体现出不同语言民族在生态文化、语言文化、宗教文化、物质文化和社会文化等诸多方面的差异性.意译更能够体现出本民族的语言特征。

12.直译：是既保留原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。

（冯庆华《实用翻译教程》）采
用直译的方法可以准确传达原文意义，体现原文风格。

但直译有一定局限性，如译文有时冗长啰唆，晦涩难懂。

有时不能正确传达原文意义，甚至是事与愿违。

13.综合型语言：(synthetic language) 综合型语言的主要特征是语序灵活。

英语是综合型为主，
向分析型过渡的语言，语序既有相对固定的一面又有灵活变化的一面。

因此，
在语序上具有某种程度的共性，这是我们进行英汉语序对比的基础。

词与词的
关系靠词本省的形式变化来表现。

例如，名词可以变数、变格。

动词可以变语
态、时态，通过语法意义的屈折变化来表示数量、时间、状态等意义。

14.分析型语言：（analytic language）分析型语言的主要特征是语序较固定，汉语是分析型语言，
语序总体上较为固定，没有曲折变化，其词语组合成句依靠语序和虚词。

例如
表现时态时无法通过汉字本身形式变化来表现，但却又各种时态助词。

比如前
置时态副词：过去、曾经；或者运用英语中所没有的量词：一个、一副等。

15.屈折变化：（inflection）是通过附加屈折词缀的语法关系的表现，如数、人称、有定性、体和格，屈
折词缀不会改变所附加词语的语法类。

存在于各种语言中，通过在词干添加后缀词达到
句法功能。

在屈折变化过程中，无论动词或名词如何变，总是遵循一致性的原则。

16.“洋气”【鲁迅】：鲁迅坚持以忠实为第一要义的直译。

并认为翻译需要兼顾两个方面，一个是易懂，
另一个是保存原作的丰姿。

即信和顺。

假如信和顺之间必须取舍的话，他是宁信而不顺
的，即使造成句子有些不通顺，难懂。

鲁迅主张在翻译中尽量保存原作的“洋气”以体
现“异国情调”。

主张“欧化”“保存洋气”是典型的异化翻译法。

17.“化境”【钱钟书】：“化”强调了两个方面的内容，一方面是翻译是不能因语文习惯的差异而露出生
硬牵强的痕迹，如果译文显得生硬牵强，就得“化”它一化了。

另一方面是，化的时候
不能任意地化，也就是说，虽然“躯壳换了一个”，还得“完全保存原有的风味”“精神
资致依然故我”。

这里“风味”“资致”不是指意，而是指形式、风格与神韵。

18.翻译过程：翻译是在正确理解原文的基础上，用译入语文字创造性地再现原文思想内容的语言过程。

乔治·斯坦纳【George Steiner】将之归纳成四个步骤：信任（trust），进攻（aggression），
吸收（incorporation），补偿/恢复（restitution）。

国内学者则认定为：正确理解（to interpret
correctly）→创造性表达（to express creatively）→审校（to proofread）
19.翻译标准：传统的翻译理论历来强调一个“信”字，也就是说，将“忠实”视为翻译的基本标准。

张培基先生提出可用“忠实、通顺”四个字作为翻译标准。

忠实不但指忠实于原作的内容，
还指保持原作的风格。

通顺指译文语言必须通顺易懂、流畅地道。

忠实与通顺是相辅相
成，不可割裂的。

必须把握好分寸，兼顾两者，讲忠实时不妨碍通顺，求通顺时不影响
忠实。

20.翻译单位：对翻译单位，巴尔胡达罗夫（前苏联）定义为：“原语在译语中具备对应物的最小单位。

”
并把翻译单位按语言等级体系分为“音位层、词素层、词层、词组层、句子层、话语层”
六层。

翻译单位不宜太长，也不宜太短，以句子最为合适。

从理论上说，句子是能够独
立运用、句法结构完整的语义单位，是人们进行语言交际的最基本语义单位；就实践而
言，英译汉的具体操作是在句子层次上进行的，译好句子就为篇章翻译奠定了基础。

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