高一英语上学期必修第一册__动词语法知识点总结大全

高一英语上学期必修第一册__动词语法知识点总结大全
高一英语上学期必修第一册__动词语法知识点总结大全

必修第一册动词语法知识点总结大全

动词

(1)动词分类

①实义动词(行为动词)

②助动词

③情态动词

④系动词

⑤静态动词

⑥短语动词

1.实义动词(行为动词)

①用来表示动词

②分及物动词与不及物动词(是否能直接加宾语)

不及物动词高频:come explode laugh sit rise excel respond run cough swim emigrate smile act cry immigrate lie arrive continue go

2.助动词(协助主要动词构成谓语的词)和情态动词(无词意)小三

③Be动词

a.构成进行时和被动语态

b.Be动词作系动词,引表语/表语从句

④Have

a.构成完成时/完成进行时

b.实义动词:have有意义等同eat/drink

⑤Do

a.构成疑问句/否定句/强调句

b.实义动词:做

3.情态动词+动词原形(有词意)妾

①can/could

①may/might

①must

①should/shall/ought to

①would/will

4.静态动词

①表思想

Believe,doubt,know,understand

①表拥有

Have,own,want,contain

①表感觉

Hear,see,smell

①表情感

Love,hate,want,need

5.动词短语

构成:动词+介词或动词+副词(通常与原动词含义不同)(二)动词的形式

1.动词原形

2.第三人称单数

①一般现在时中

①主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式

A.直接动词词尾加s

B.以字母s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词加es

C.辅音加y,变y为i加es

D.不规则变化

3.动名词与现在分词

⑥直接词尾加ing

⑦词尾去掉e,去掉e加ing

⑧ie结尾的,变ie为y加ing

⑨辅音+元音+辅音,双写词尾加ing

4.动词过去式与过去分词

A.规则动词的过去式加ed

B.以e结尾的动词词尾直接加d

C.不规则变化

5.动词时态

5.1一般现在时

形式:①肯定形式:第三人称单数用三单,其他用动词原形

①否定形式:主语+do/does not+谓语动词原形

①疑问形式:疑问词+do/does+主语+谓语动词原形

用法:①现在时段发生的动作:I feel great!

①习惯性动作/常发生的动作

①表示客观真理

①用于电影,赛事,时间的评论,独白,报道等

①谈论时间表,日程表

eg:The train leaves at half past four.

①一般现在时表将来

当主句为将来时或表将来意义时,时间和条件的状语从句必须用一般现在时表将来。(主讲从现)5.2一般过去式

形式:①肯定形式:主语+动词过去式

①否定形式:主语+did not+谓语动词原形

①疑问形式:疑问词+did+主语+动词原形

用法:表过去发生的动作

5.3一般将来时

形式:①肯定形式:主语+will/be going to/be to/be about to+原形

①否定形式:主语+will not(won’t)+谓语动词原形

①疑问形式:疑问词+will+主语+动词原形

用来:表还没发生,未来将要发生的行为,动作,事件

5.4现在进行时

形式:①肯定形式:主语+be+动词ing

①否定形式:主语+be动+not+动词ing

①疑问形式:疑问词+be动词+主语+动词ing

用法:①说话的时刻正在发生的动作

①常与always,constantly,continually,forever,repeatedly,never等词连用含有抱怨语气。表总是。

①表将来,多用于已经安排好的事情。

I am leaving。

①be going to

<1>计划,安排的动作

<2>确定将会发生的事情

注意:有些动词不能用于现在进行时

a.情感类:love,hate,prefer

b.所属类:have,own,want,belong

c.感官类:see,hear,smell,seem

d.思想类:know,believe,remember

e.测量类:contain,consist,fit

5.5现在完成时

形式:①肯定形式:主语+have/has+过去分词

①否定形式:主语+haven’t(have not)/hasn’t(hasnot)+过去分词

①疑问形式:疑问词+have/has+过去分词

用法:①表过去完成的动作

这个动作对现在造成影响或现在有关

常与still,yet,already,always连用

①讨论个人的经历

①过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在

甚至有可能继续延续下去

常与before,since,for,already,many times,so far,yet连用

5.6过去完成时

形式:①肯定形式:主语+had+过去分词

①否定形式:主语+hadn’t(had not)+过去分词

①疑问形式:疑问词+had+主语+过去分词

用法:①表过去的某个动作之前发生的动作。

She said she had written three letters the day before.

I didn’t say anything until she had finished talking.

①与after,as soon as,the moment that,until

①与before,when,by the time连用

6.被动语态

定义:①主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事),叫主动语态。

①主语是动作的承受着(即某事被做)叫被动语态。

步骤:①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语

①将主动语态的谓语动词改为‘be done’

①将主动语态的主词改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后(有时可省略)

非谓语动词

不充当谓语的动词

1.动名词

形式:①动名词与现在分词同型(v-ing)

①起到名词的作用

作用:①作主语谓语动词为单数

Eg:Reading helps you learn English.

①作宾语

有的动词直接加动名词作其宾语;有的加介词后动名词作其宾语

Eg:<1>He quit smokin a year ago.

<2>I look forward to helping you panit the house.

①It+形容词+动名词

Eg:It is no use telling him not to worry.

此类形容词还包括:better、wonderful、enjoyable、interesting、foolish、difficult、useless、senseless、worthwhile

①作表语:对主语进一步说明,相当于一个名词。

Eg:<1>My job is teaching.

<2>Seeing is believing.

①作定语:表示用途或性质

Eg:<1>a swimming pool=a pool for swimming

<2>a moving truck=a truck for moving.

以下动词及句型后常跟动名词作宾语

Be used to/get used to

Can’t help/give up

Can’t stand/go on

End up/have difficulty

Feel like/have problems

Finish/have trouble

2.分词

形式:①现在分词的形式同动名词一样,在动词后面加ing

①过去分词的形式则在动词后面加ed

(1)现在分词

1)一般式:表示的动作与主语动作同时发生

Eg:Tom came sauntering up the path.Reaching for the flower,I lost my balance.

Not being able to win the game,I lost my confidence.

2)完成式:表示该动作发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成

Eg:Having heard the news,he quickly sold his brother’s record collection.

Having rested for a while,we continued our journry.

Not having finished his work,he could not leave the office.

作用:①作定语:作前置/后置定语;相当于定语从句

Eg:<1>The man carring the bricks(=who is carring the bricks)is my father.

<2>There is someone knocking at the door.(someone who is knocking)

①作表语:相当于一个形容词,表示主语的特征

Eg:<1>The news is encouraging.

<2>The present situation is terrifying.

<3>My job is really tiring.I don’t get home until 10p.m. sometimes.

①作状语:表谓语动词发生的时间、方式、伴随、让步等,相当于状语从句;逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

Eg:原因状语<1>He was talking to her friend and forgot everything around her.=Talking to her friend she forgot everything around her.

<2>Since we watch the news every day we know what’s going on in the world.=Watching the news every day we know what’s going on in the world.

伴随状语<3>The dog wagged its tail and bit the postman.=Wagging its tail the dog bit the postman.

<4>The man was sitting in the café.He was reading a paper.=The man was sitting in the café reading

a paper.

时间状语<5>While she was tidying up her room she found some old photos.=Tidying up her room she found some old photos.

条件状语<6>If they do not have enough money they will spend their holidays at home last year.=Not having enough money they

will spend their holidays at home next year.

结果状语<7>Carbon burns in oxygen or air,thereby forms carbon dioxide=Carbon burns in oxygen or air,thereby forming carbon dioxide.

(2)过去分词

作用:1)作表语:表示谓语动词所处的状态。

Eg:I was alarmed by the loud bang.

He was amused to hear his little son singing in the bath.

2)作定语:①前置/后置定语

①相当于一个定语从句,其逻辑主语构成被动关系。

Eg:A burnt child(=a child who is burnt)dreads fire.

The musicians stood up,surrounded by thunderous applause,(=who is surrounded by thunderous applause.)

3)作状语:①表示谓语动词发生的时间、方式、伴随、让步等。

① 相当于一个状语从句

①过去分词作状语时的逻辑主语就是句子的主语

Eg:原因状语<1>Battered by the wind.John fell to his knees.=Because he was battered by the wind,John fell to his knees.

<2>Deceived by his friends,he committed suicide.=Since he was deceived by his friends,he committed suicide.

时间状语<3>Seen from the hill,the town looks magnificent=When it is seen from hill,the town looks magnificent.

条件状语<4>Given another chance,I will do better.

让步状语<5>Exhausted by the working,they went on studying at night.

(3)动词不定式

形式:肯定式:to+

否定式:not to+动词原形

作用:1)作主语

Eg:①To learn is very important.

①To drive in the right is not allowed here.

①To go to college is a good idea.

注意:①不定式作主语时,可置句首。

①如果过长,可采用it作形式主语,不定式后置的结构。

①重点句式:1.It is/was+adj./n.+to do(做什么。。是。。)Eg:①It was difficult to answer the question.

①It’s a big house to clean.

2.It is/was+adj.+for sth./sb.+to do.

It is/was+adj.+of sb.to do

Eg:①It is necessary for this door to be locked.

①It is very kind of you to help me.

2)作表语

Eg:The most important thing is not to give up.

3)作宾语

Eg:①I want to swim in the pool.

①They intend to postpone the trip.

①A good translator is hard to find.

4)作定语

①Give him an ornament to polish.

①I need a volunteer to take the miuntes.

5)作状语

人教版高一英语必修二知识点归纳与总结

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最新牛津版英语高中必修一语法知识

第一讲定语从句 一关键词 定语从句:在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 先行词:定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。 关系词:关系词用来引导定语从句。关系词有关系代词和关系副词之分。关系代词有that, which, who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when,where,why等。 关系词可以1) 代替先行词;2) 引导定语从句;3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。 例如:The car which my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.句中,the car 为先行词;which是关系词引导是定语从句which my uncle had just bought,同时代替先行词the car在定语从句中作主语。 1.关系代词引导的定语从句 who指人,在定语从句中作主语。 whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,常可省略。 which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时可省略。 that指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。 whose 通常指人,有时也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。 Note: whose指物时,常用of which结构来代替: 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,谓语动词要和先行词的性、数保持一致。 注意:which和as引导非限制性定语从句时,有时并没有特定的先行词,而是代表前面说的整个情况。这时which和as 被看作单数,译作“这一点”,其后的谓语动形式用单数形式。如:He said he was a Frenchman,which/as was not true. 但须注意,as引导的这种定语从句可置于主句之前,which引导的这种定语从句只置于主句之后。如:As is known to all,China is a socialist country. China is a socialist country, as/which is known to all. 2.关系副词引导的定语从句 when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。 where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。 why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。 注意:关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。 介词+关系代词 1)根据动词选择介词。I don't know the foreigner with whom my teacher shook hands.(或I don't know the foreigner whom my teacher shook hands with.) Note: who和that不能直接位于介词后作宾语;有的短语动词是不能拆开的,常见的这类短语有:look for,look after等。

人教版高中英语必修二知识点归纳总结

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