X-43A Flush Airdata Sensing System Flight-Test Results
美空军要花“不到3亿美元”造歼-20高仿模拟机
DIANZI CHANPIN KEKAO X ING YU HUANJ I NGSHIYAN第2期美空军要花“不到3亿美元”造歼-20高仿模拟机140℃之间。
3结束语本文使用机械和不同温度下酸腐蚀的方法对芯片表面涂胶的塑封器件进行了开封试验,并对试验结果进行了总结,得到了以下结论:1)用镊子手工剥除硅凝胶后再进行酸腐蚀的方法会造成芯片表面的钝化层受损,金属化层被腐蚀,虽缩短了试验时间但容易造成DPA 内部目检的误判;2)浓硫酸的腐蚀效果要优于发烟硝酸,因为发烟硝酸对塑封料的腐蚀过快会造成器件的过开封且效果不佳;3)使用浓硫酸腐蚀的最佳温度在120~140℃之间,温度过低会导致开封速度慢、时间长,而当温度高于140℃以上时,硅凝胶会发生变性,与浓硫酸产生碳化反应,使得生成的黑色产物无法去除,影响内部目检的观察。
参考文献:[1]宋芳芳,牛付林.塑封电子元器件破坏性物理分析方法[J].电子产品可靠性与环境试验,2004,22(5):52-55.[2]尹颖,朱卫良.塑封器件无损开封技术介绍[J].电子与封装,2009(9):12-19.[3]张素娟,李海岸.新型塑封器件开封方法以及封装缺陷[J].封装测试技术,2006,31(7):509-519.[4]杨黎,龚国虎,梁栋程,等.激光技术在塑封器件开封中的应用[J].太赫兹科学与电子信息学报,2015,13(5):837-841.[5]龚国虎,梁栋程,梁倩.塑封铜引线集成电路开封方法[J].太赫兹科学与电子信息学报,2015,13(6):1005-1008.[6]刘金刚,何民辉,范琳,等.先进电子封装中的聚酰亚胺树脂[J].封装测试技术,2003,28(10):37-41.[7]CHARLES A Harper.Electronic packaging and intercon ⁃nection handbook (fourth edition )[M].USA :The McGraw-Hill Companies ,2005:388-391.[8]曹德峰,王昆泰,张辉,等.超声波检测技术在塑封元器件中的应用[J].半导体制造技术,2014,39(5):383-387.[9]ROTH J ,ALBRECHT V ,SIMON F ,et al .Surfacefunctionalization of silicone rubber for permanent adhesion improvement [J].Langmuir ,2008,24(21):2603-2611.[10]解海峰,巨军政.有机硅凝胶灌封高压电器元件工艺研究[J].粘接,2007,28(4):49-50.刘云婷等:芯片表面涂胶的塑封器件开封方法研究美国空军正在寻找能够生产仿俄罗斯苏-57和中国歼-20等模拟机的潜在承包商。
美国X系列试验机全揭秘(7)：X-31 —— X-35
美国X系列试验机全揭秘（7）：X-31 ——X-35洛克维尔-梅赛施密特X-31“战斗机机动性增强计划”角色：试验机国家：美国/德国制造商：洛克维尔/梅赛施密特首飞：1990主要用户：国防部高级研究计划局(DARPA) NASA 德国航空航天局建造数量：2X-31“战斗机机动性增强计划”的主要目的就是为了测试战斗机矢量推进技术。
矢量推进能力使得X-31能朝向任意方向飞行，这能使传统战机的机动性得到显著提升。
试验机搭载了先进的飞行控制系统，即便是在能使普通航空器失速的高迎角下依旧能继续保持飞机的操控。
历史X-31共建造两架，第一架试验机首飞于1990年10月11日。
在1990年到1995年间共进行了超过500次测试飞行。
X-31机尾加装了边条，同时前部还加装一对计算机控制的全动鸭翼以增加稳定性和机动性。
该机型并无水平尾翼，仅有一个带方向舵的垂直尾翼。
俯仰和偏航动作则依靠尾部喷口的三块桨状物来控制（矢量推进）。
最终，X-31的模拟测试结果表明采用无水平尾翼设计的X-31同样可以保持飞行稳定，矢量推进尾喷口可以提供足够的俯仰和偏航控制。
在试飞期间，X-31完成了多个里程碑。
1992年11月6日，X-31达成了70°迎角的可控飞行，1993年4月29日，第二架X-31利用“过失速”(post-stall)机动达成了一个180°快速最小半径转弯。
由于不存在普通飞机的气动限制，X-31机动性十分卓越。
这一革命性的机动动作以一位名叫沃尔夫冈·赫布斯特的梅赛施密特员工命名——赫布斯特机动(Herbst maneuver)。
赫布斯特是在空战中应用“过失速”机动理论的支持者，并且设计了之后基于X-31设计的洛克维尔SNAKE。
赫布斯特机动图解上世纪90年代初，X-31计划迎来了第二春。
VECTOR（Vectoring Extremely short takeoff and landing Control,and Tailless Operations Research，矢量推力的超短距起飞着陆控制和无尾飞行研究）计划启动，并追加了5300万美元投资。
思翼科技 MK32 工业级手持地面站 用户手册 V1.1说明书
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运输类飞机适航标准(1995年修正)
运输类飞机适航标准(1995年修正)文章属性•【制定机关】中国民用航空总局(已撤销)•【公布日期】1995.12.18•【文号】•【施行日期】1985.12.31•【效力等级】部门规章•【时效性】已被修改•【主题分类】标准化正文*注：本篇法规已被《中国民用航空总局关于第三次修订＜运输类飞机适航标准＞的决定》（发布日期：2001年5月14日实施日期：2001年5月14日）修订运输类飞机适航标准（1985年12月31日制定1990年7月18日第一次修订1995年12月18日第二次修订ＣＣＡＲ－25－Ｒ2）总目录Ａ分部总则§25．1 适用范围§25．2 〔备用〕Ｂ分部飞行总则§25．21 证明符合性的若干规定§25．23 载重分布限制§25．25 重量限制§25．27 重心限制§25．29 空重和相应的重心§25．31 可卸配重§25．33 螺旋桨转速和桨距限制性能§25．101 总则§25．103 失速速度§25．105 起飞§25．107 起飞速度§25．109 加速一停止距离§25．111 起飞航迹§25．113 起飞距离和起飞滑跑距离§25．115 起飞飞行航迹§25．117 爬升：总则§25．119 着陆爬升：全发工作§25．121 爬升：单发停车§25．123 航路飞行航迹§25．125 着陆操纵性和机动性§25．143 总则§25．145 纵向操纵§25．147 航向和横向操纵§25．149 最小操纵速度配平§25．161 配平稳定性§25．171 总则§25．173 纵向静稳定性§25．175 纵向静稳定性的演示§25．177 【横向-航向静稳定性】①注①：修订处加【】§25．181 动稳定性失速§25．201 失速演示§25．203 失速特性§25．205 【〔删除〕】§25．207 失速警告地面和水面操纵特性§25．231 纵向稳定性和操纵性§25．233 航向稳定性和操纵性§25．235 滑行条件§25．237 风速§25．239 水面喷溅特性、操纵性和稳定性其它飞行要求§25．251 振动和抖振§25．253 高速特性§25．255 失配平特性Ｃ分部结构总则§25．301 载荷§25．303 安全系数§25．305 强度与变形§25．307 结构符合性的证明飞行载荷§25．321 总则飞行机动和突风情况§25．331 总则§25．333 飞行包线§25．335 设计空速§25．337 限制机动载荷系数§25．341 突风载荷§25．343 设计燃油和滑油载重§25．345 增升装置§25．349 滚转情况§25．351 偏航情况补充情况§25．361 发动机扭矩§25．363 发动机架的侧向载荷§25．365 增压舱载荷§25．367 发动机失效引起的非对称载荷§25．371 陀螺载荷§25．373 速度控制装置操纵面和操纵系统载荷§25．391 操纵面载荷：总则§25．393 平行于铰链线的载荷§25．395 操纵系统§25．397 操纵系统载荷§25．399 双操纵系统§25．405 次操纵系统§25．407 配平调整片的影响§25．409 调整片§25．415 地面突风情况§25．427 非对称载荷§25．445 外侧垂直安定面§25．457 襟翼§25．459 特殊装置地面载荷§25．471 总则§25．473 地面载荷情况和假定§25．477 起落架布置§25．479 水平着陆情况§25．481 尾沉着陆情况§25．483 单轮着陆情况§25．485 侧向载荷情况§25．487 回跳着陆情况§25．489 地面操纵情况§25．491 起飞滑跑§25．493 滑行刹车情况§25．495 转弯§25．497 尾轮侧偏§25．499 前轮侧偏§25．503 回转§25．507 倒行刹车§25．509 牵引载荷§25．511 地面载荷：多轮起落架装置上的非对称载荷【§25．519 顶升和系留装置】水载荷§25．521 总则§25．523 设计重量和重心位置§25．525 载荷的假定§25．527 船体和主浮筒载荷系数§25．529 船体和主浮筒着水情况§25．531 船体和主浮筒起飞情况§25．533 船体和主浮筒底部压力§25．535 辅助浮筒载荷§25．537 水翼载荷应急着陆情况§25．561 总则【§25．562 应急着陆动力要求】§25．563 水上迫降的结构要求疲劳评定§25．571 结构的损伤容限和疲劳评定闪电防护§25．581 闪电防护Ｄ分部设计与构造总则§25．601 总则§25．603 材料§25．605 制造方法§25．607 紧固件§25．609 结构保护§25．611 可达性措施§25．613 材料的强度性能和设计值§25．615 【〔删除〕】§25．619 特殊系数§25．621 铸件系数§25．623 支承系数§25．625 接头系数§25．629 【气动弹性稳定性要求】§25．631 鸟撞损伤操纵面§25．651 强度符合性的证明§25．655 安装§25．657 铰链操纵系统§25．671 总则§25．672 增稳系统及自动和带动力的操纵系统§25．673 【〔删除〕】§25．675 止动器§25．677 配平系统§25．679 操纵系统突风锁§25．681 限制载荷静力试验§25．683 操作试验§25．685 操纵系统的细节设计§25．689 钢索系统§25．693 关节接头§25．697 升力和阻力装置及其操纵器件§25．699 升力和阻力装置指示器§25．701 襟翼【与缝翼】的交连§25．703 起飞警告系统起落架§25．721 总则§25．723 减震试验§25．725 限制落震试验§25．727 储备能量吸收落震试验§25．729 收放机构§25．731 机轮§25．733 轮胎§25．735 刹车§25．737 滑橇浮筒和船体§25．751 主浮筒浮力§25．753 主浮筒设计§25．755 船体载人和装货设施§25．771 驾驶舱§25．772 驾驶舱舱门§25．773 驾驶舱视界§25．775 风挡和窗户§25．777 驾驶舱操纵器件§25．779 驾驶舱操纵器件的动作和效果§25．781 驾驶舱操纵手柄形状§25．783 舱门§25．785 座椅、卧铺、安全带和肩带§25．787 储存舱§25．789 客舱和机组舱以及厨房中物件的固定§25．791 旅客通告标示【和标牌】§25．793 地板表面应急设施§25．801 水上迫降§25．803 应急撤离§25．805 【〔删除〕】§25．807 【应急出口】§25．809 应急出口的布置【§25．810 应急撤离辅助设施与撤离路线】§25．811 应急出口的标记§25．812 应急照明§25．813 应急出口通路§25．815 过道宽度§25．817 最大并排座椅数§25．819 下层服务舱（包括厨房）通风和加温§25．831 通风§25．832 座舱臭氧浓度§25．833 【燃烧】加温系统增压§25．841 增压座舱§25．843 增压座舱的试验防火§25．851 【灭火器】§25．853 座舱内部设施【§25．854 厕所防火】§25．855 货舱和行李舱§25．857 货舱等级§25．858 货舱火警探测系统§25．859 燃烧加温器的防火§25．863 可燃液体的防火§25．865 飞行操纵系统、发动机架和其它飞行结构的防火§25．867 其它部件的防火【§25．869 系统防火】其它§25．871 定飞机水平的设施§25．875 螺旋桨附近区域的加强Ｅ分部动力装置总则§25．901 安装§25．903 发动机【§25．904 起飞推力自动控制系统（ＡＴＴＣＳ）】§25．905 螺旋桨§25．907 螺旋桨振动§25．925 螺旋桨间距§25．929 螺旋桨除冰§25．933 反推力系统§25．934 涡轮喷气发动机反推力装置系统试验§25．937 涡轮螺旋桨阻力限制系统§25．939 涡轮发动机工作特性§25．941 进气系统、发动机和排气系统的匹配性§25．943 负加速度§25．945 推力或功率增大系统燃油系统§25．951 总则§25．952 燃油系统分析和试验§25．953 燃油系统的独立性§25．954 燃油系统的闪电防护§25．955 燃油流量§25．957 连通油箱之间的燃油流动§25．959 不可用燃油量§25．961 燃油系统在热气候条件下的工作§25．963 燃油箱：总则§25．965 燃油箱试验§25．967 燃油箱安装§25．969 燃油箱的膨胀空间§25．971 燃油箱沉淀槽§25．973 油箱加油口接头§25．975 燃油箱的通气和汽化器蒸气的排放§25．977 燃油箱出油口§25．979 压力加油系统§25．981 燃油箱温度燃油系统部件§25．991 燃油泵§25．993 燃油系统导管和接头§25．994 燃油系统部件的防护§25．995 燃油阀§25．997 燃油滤网或燃油滤§25．999 燃油系统放液嘴§25．1001 应急放油系统滑油系统§25．1011 总则§25．1013 滑油箱§25．1015 滑油箱试验§25．1017 滑油导管和接头§25．1019 滑油滤网或滑油滤§25．1021 滑油系统放油嘴§25．1023 滑油散热器§25．1025 滑油阀§25．1027 螺旋桨顺桨系统冷却§25．1041 总则§25．1043 冷却试验§25．1045 冷却试验程序进气系统§25．1091 进气§25．1093 进气系统的防冰§25．1101 汽化器空气预热器的设计§25．1103 进气系统管道和空气导管系统§25．1105 进气系统的空气滤§25．1107 中间冷却器和后冷却器排气系统§25．1121 总则§25．1123 排气管§25．1125 排气热交换器§25．1127 排气驱动的涡轮增压器动力装置的操纵器件和附件§25．1141 动力装置的操纵器件：总则§25．1142 辅助动力装置的操纵器件§25．1143 发动机的操纵器件§25．1145 点火开关§25．1147 混合比操纵器件§25．1149 螺旋桨转速和桨距的操纵器件§25．1153 螺旋桨顺桨操纵器件§25．1155 反推力和低于飞行状态的桨距调定§25．1157 汽化器空气温度控制装置§25．1159 增压器操纵器件§25．1161 应急放油系统的操纵器件§25．1163 动力装置附件§25．1165 发动机点火系统§25．1167 附件传动箱动力装置的防火§25．1181 指定火区的范围§25．1182 防火墙后面的短舱区域和包含可燃液体导管的发动机吊舱连接结构§25．1183 输送可燃液体的组件§25．1185 可燃液体§25．1187 火区的排液和通风§25．1189 切断措施§25．1191 防火墙§25．1192 发动机附件部分的隔板§25．1193 发动机罩和短舱蒙皮§25．1195 灭火系统§25．1197 灭火剂§25．1199 灭火瓶§25．1201 灭火系统材料§25．1203 火警探测系统§25．1207 符合性Ｆ分部设备总则§25．1301 功能和安装§25．1303 飞行和导航仪表§25．1305 动力装置仪表§25．1307 其它设备§25．1309 设备、系统及安装【§25．1316 系统闪电防护】仪表：安装§25．1321 布局和可见度§25．1322 警告灯、戒备灯和提示灯§25．1323 空速指示系统§25．1325 静压系统§25．1326 空速管加温指示系统§25．1327 磁航向指示器§25．1329 自动驾驶仪系统§25．1331 使用能源的仪表§25．1333 仪表系统§25．1335 飞行指引系统§25．1337 动力装置仪表电气系统和设备§25．1351 总则§25．1353 电气设备及安装§25．1355 配电系统§25．1357 电路保护装置§25．1359 【〔删除〕】§25．1363 电气系统试验灯§25．1381 仪表灯§25．1383 着陆灯§25．1385 航行灯系统的安装§25．1387 航行灯系统二面角§25．1389 航行灯灯光分布和光强§25．1391 前、后航行灯水平平面内的最小光强§25．1393 前、后航行灯任一垂直平面内的最小光强§25．1395 前、后航行灯的最大掺入光强§25．1397 航行灯颜色规格§25．1399 停泊灯§25．1401 防撞灯系统§25．1403 机翼探冰灯安全设备§25．1411 总则§25．1413 【〔删除〕】§25．1415 水上迫降设备§25．1416 【〔删除〕】§25．1419 防冰§25．1421 扩音器【§25．1423 机在广播系统】其它设备§25．1431 电子设备§25．1433 真空系统§25．1435 液压系统§25．1438 增压系统和气动系统§25．1439 防护性呼吸设备§25．1441 氧气设备和供氧§25．1443 最小补氧流量§25．1445 氧气分配系统设置的规定§25．1447 分氧装置设置的规定§25．1449 判断供氧的措施§25．1450 化学氧气发生器§25．1451 【〔删除〕】§25．1453 防止氧气设备破裂的规定§25．1455 易冻液体的排放§25．1457 驾驶舱录音机§25．1459 飞行记录器§25．1461 含高能转子的设备Ｇ分部使用限制和资料§25．1501 总则使用限制§25．1503 空速限制：总则§25．1505 最大使用限制速度§25．1507 机动速度§25．1511 襟翼展态速度§25．1513 最小操纵速度§25．1515 有关起落架的速度§25．1519 重量、重心和载重分布§25．1521 动力装置限制§25．1522 辅助动力装置限制§25．1523 最小飞行机组§25．1525 运行类型§25．1527 最大使用高度§25．1529 持续适航文件§25．1531 机动飞行载荷系数§25．1533 附加使用限制标记和标牌§25．1541 总则§25．1543 仪表标记：总则§25．1545 空速限制信息§25．1547 磁航向指示器§25．1549 动力装置和辅助动力装置仪表§25．1551 滑油油量指示器§25．1553 燃油油量表§25．1555 操纵器件标记§25．1557 其它标记和标牌§25．1561 安全设备§25．1563 空速标牌飞机飞行手册§25．1581 总则§25．1583 使用限制§25．1585 使用程序§25．1587 性能资料附录附录Ａ附录Ｂ附录Ｃ附录Ｄ附录Ｅ附录Ｆ【第Ⅰ部分表明符合§25．853或§25．855的试验准则和程序】【第Ⅱ部分座椅垫的可燃性】【第Ⅲ部分确定货舱衬垫抗火焰烧穿性的试验方法】【第Ⅳ部分测定热辐射下客舱材料热释放速率的试验方法】【第Ⅴ部分测定舱内材料发烟特性的试验方法】附录Ｇ连续突风设计准则附录Ｈ持续适航文件【附录Ｉ起飞推力自动控制系统（ＡＴＴＣＳ）的安装】【附录Ｊ应急撤离演示】Ａ分部总则§25．1 适用范围（ａ）本部规定供颁发和更改运输类飞机型号合格证用的适航标准。
航空驾驶考试题库AV-AV11部分
11.1 飞机一般结构概念 211.1.2 结构强度的适航性要求；结构分类：主要结构、次要结构；安全寿命、破损安全、损伤容限和耐久性设计的概念。
111.1.3 飞机的区域和站位识别系统。
11.飞机站位编码系统目的是：A.便于给飞机上构件或附件定位。
B.针对某机型建立一套立体坐标系统用于图纸标识。
C.方便飞机结构的模块化制造。
D.以上都是。
2.机身结构上所受载荷主要包括：A.由机翼、尾翼、起落架等部件的固定接头传来的集中载荷。
B.机身上各部件及装载的质量力和机身机构本身的质量力。
C.气密座舱的增压载荷。
D.以上都是。
11.2 飞机结构的基础知识。
21.现代民用飞机通常选择：A.梁式结构机翼。
B.复合式结构机翼。
C.单块式结构机翼。
D.整体结构形机翼2.民用飞机机身的主要结构形式为：A.硬壳式。
B.复合式C.半硬壳式D.全钢结构式11.3 空调和客舱增压 (ATA21) 611.3.1 气源：发动机引气，APU 引气，地面气源。
111.3.2 空调系统：空调组件：空气循环制冷系统；蒸发循环制冷系统；分配系统；流量和温度控制；通风和设备冷却。
211.3.3 增压系统：操作和指示，压力控制、正负释压安全活门、座舱压力泄漏测试。
21.现代喷气客机气源系统对哪组参数必须控制在规定的范围内？A.供气压力、供气温度和座舱高度变化率。
B.供气温度、供气流量和座舱高度。
C.供气压力、供气温度和供气流量。
D.供气流量、座舱高度和座舱高度变化率。
2.温度控制活门的共用是：A.控制温度的高低。
B.控制温度的变化率。
C.控制温度的高低和变化率。
D.控制座舱的供气量。
3.气密客舱的主要作用有那些？A.防止客舱火灾。
B.保证舱内恒温。
C.保持适当的舱内温度、避免人员出现高空减压症。
D.防止负压过大，保证飞机有足够的强度。
4.座舱压力测试的目的主要是：A.增加舱内压力，提高乘坐舒适度。
B.检查座舱的密封性能。
C.试验得出密封状态下的座舱高度。
ATP7
1.Which is a purpose of wing-mounted vortex generators?A. Reduce the drag caused by supersonic flow over portions of the wingB. Increase the onset of drag divergence and aid in aileron effectiveness at high speedC. Break the airflow over the wing so the stall will progress from the root out to the tip of the wingA X2.. In northern hemisphere, if fly from high pressure area to low pressure area at 6000 meters, the wind on the course is _____.A.right crosswindB.tailwindC. left crosswindC X3.. Where does a prohibited airspace be set up?A.Over domestic only.B.Over open sea.C.Over domestic or open sea.A X4.. Hazardous vortex turbulence that might be encountered behind large aircraft is created only when that aircraft isA. Developing lift.B. Operating at high airspeeds.C. Using high power settings.A X5.Below FL180, en route weather advisories should be obtained from an FSS onA.122.1MHzB.122.0MHZC.123.6MHzB X6.. Under what condition does A TC issue safety alerts?A. When collision with another aircraft is imminent.B. If the aircraft altitude is noted to be in close proximity to the surface or an obstacle.C. When weather conditions are extreme and wind shear or large hail is in the vicinity.B X7.. What action is expected of an aircraft upon landing at a controlled airport?A. continue taxiing in the landing direction until advised by the tower to switch to ground control frequency.B. exit the runway at the nearest suitable taxiway and remain on tower frequency until instructed otherwiseC. exit the runway at the nearest suitable taxiway and switch to ground control upon crossing the taxiway holding lines.B X8.．An authoritative leaderA.tends to make final decisions in an emergency, but seldom in other situationsB.tends to make all team decisions and controls all resourcesC.may ultimately decide the team's actions, but seldom takes into consideration the team members' experience, knowledge, and preferences.B X9.Upon which factor does wing loading during a level coordinated turn in smooth air depend?A.Rate of turnB.Angle of bankC.True airspeedB X10.What is the result of a shock-induced separation of airflow occurring near the wing root of a swept wing aircraft?A.-A high-speed stall and sudden pitch upB.A severe moment or "tuck under"C.-Severe porpoisingB X11. For a flag air carrier flight to be released to an island airport for which an alternate airport is not available, a turbojet-powered airplane must have enough fuel to fly to that airport and thereafter to flyA. at least 2 hours at normal cruising fuel consumption.B. for 3 hours at normal cruising fuel consumption.C. back to the departure airport.A X12.. [Refer to Figure 4-37.] How many minutes of dump time is required to reach a weight of 144,500 pounds? Initial weight: 180,500 lb,Zero fuel weight: 125,500 lbA.13 minutes.B.15 minutes.C.16 minutes.B X13.. How are smoke cleared or dispersed?A. By wind or the movement of air.B. By convective mixing in cool night air.C. By evaporation similar to the clearing of fog.A X14. (Refer to Figure 2-10) This is an example ofA.An ILS Critical Area Holding Position SignB.A runway Boundary SignC.An ILS Critical Area Boundary SignC X15.. What is the definition of the critical altitude of a supercharged-reciprocating engine?A.Highest altitude where the mixture can be leaned to best power ratio.B.The highest altitude at which a desired manifold pressure can be obtained.C.The altitude at which maximum allowable BMEP can be obtained.B X16.. [Refer to Figures 4-46, 4-47 and 4-48.] What are the fuel requirements from Chicago Midway Airport to Greater Buffalo Intl?A.2,224 pounds.B.1,987 pounds.C.1,454 pounds.A X17. What instrument flight time may be logged by a second-in-command of an aircraft requiring two pilots?A.All of the time the second-in-command is controlling the airplane solely by reference to flight instruments.B.One-half the time the flight is on an IFR flight plan.C.One-half the time the airplane is in actual IFR conditions.A X18.. Which reports are required when operating IFR in radar environment?A. Position reports, vacating an altitude, unable to climb 500 ft/min, and time and altitude reaching a holding fix or point to which cleared.B. Position reports, vacating an altitude, unable to climb 500 ft/min, and time and altitude reaching a holding fix or point to which cleared, and a change in average true airspeed exceeding 5 percent or 10 knots.C. Vacating an altitude, unable to climb 500 ft/min, reaching a holding fix or point to which cleared, a change in average true airspeed exceeding 5 percent or 10 knots, and leaving any assigned holding fix or point.C X19. (Refer to Figure 2-6) Which RMI illustration indicates the aircraft is southwest of the station and moving closer TO the station?A.1B.2C.3A X20..Which is a necessary condition for the occurrence of a low-level temperature inversion wind shear?A.the temperature differential between the cold and warm layers must be at least 10℃.B.a calm or light wind near the surface and a relatively strong wind just above the inversion.C.a wind direction difference of at least 30℃between the wind near the surface and the wind just above the inversion.B X21. Which is a definition of the term "crewmember"?A.Only a pilot, flight engineer, or flight navigator assigned to duty in an aircraft during flight time.B.A person assigned to perform duty in an aircraft during flight time.C.Any person assigned to duty in an aircraft during flight except a pilot or flight engineer.B X22.. In the friction layer of the northern hemisphere, the wind of low pressure area is .A. clockwise inbound windB.counter clockwise outbound windC.counter clockwise inbound windC X23. What aural and visual indications should be observed over an ILS inner marker?A. Continuous dots at the rate of six per second.B. Continuous dashes at the rate of two per second.C. Alternate dots and dashes at the rate of two per second.A X24.. In which condition is possible to present very serious icing conditions for protracted fligh?A. associated with the smallest size of water droplet similar to that found in low-level stratus clouds.B. associated with thick extensive stratified clouds that produce continuous rain such as altostratus and nimbostratus.C. a cold-soaked aircraft descends into warm, moist air.B X25. The information required in the flight release for supplemental air carriers and commercial operators that is not required in the dispatch release for flag and domestic air carriers is theA.weather reports and forecasts.s of all crewmembers.C.minimum fuel supply.B X26.During an en route descent in a fixed-thrust and fixed-pitch attitude configuration, both the ram air input and drain hole of the pilot system become completely blocked by ice. What airspeed indication can be expected?A.Increase in indicated airspeed.B.Decrease in indicated airspeed.C.Indicated airspeed remains at the value prior to icingB X27. When an A TC controller assigns a too low speed for the aircraft's operating limitation under the existing circumstance, what should the pilot do?A. reduce speed to the assigned speed.B. reduce speed to the minimum speed at that circumstance.C. advise A TC of the speed that will be used.C X28.. [Refer to Figure 4-32.] What is the turbulent air penetration N1 power setting for Operating Conditions below? WEIGHT (*1000): 80,PRESSURE ALTITUDE: 25,000,TOTAL AIR TEMP (TAT): -28oCA.77.5 percent.B.75.3 percent.C.79.4 percent.B X29. When is DME required for an instrument flight?A.At or above 24000 feet MSL if VOR navigational equipment is requiredB.In terminal radar service areasC.Above 12,500 feet MSLA X30.. An alternate airport must be listed in the dispatch and flight release for all international operation air carrier flights longer thanA.7 hours.B.8 hours.C.6 hours.C X31.. [Refer to Figure 4-28.] What is the ground roll when landing with 5o of flaps at a landing weight of 142,500 pounds?A.1,750 feet.B.2,100 feet.C.2,500 feet.C X32.. [Refer to Figures 4-46, 4-47 and 4-48.] What is the ETE from Chicago Midway Airport to Greater Buffalo Intl?A.2 hours 12 minutes.B.2 hours 15 minutes.C.2 hours 18 minutes.A X33.. [Refer to Figure 4-25.] Which of the following configurations will result in the shortest landing distance over a 50-foot obstacle to a dry runway?A.Brakes and spoilers at 125,000 pounds gross weight.B.Brakes and reversers at 115,000 pounds gross weight.C.Brakes, spoilers, and reversers at 130,000 pounds gross weight.C X34.. What is the maximum distance that a departure alternate airport may be from the departure airport for a two-engine airplane?A.2 hours at normal cruising speed in still air with one engine operating.B.1 hour at normal cruising speed in still air with one engine inoperative.C.1 hour at normal cruising speed in still air with both engines operating.B X35.. Who is responsible for the issue of SNOWTAM?A.ATMB NOTAMs office.B.Area flight information center.C.Airport flight information office.C X36..Which airplane performance characteristics should be recognized during takeoff when encountering a tailwind shear that increases in intensity?A. loss of, or diminished, airspeed performanceB. decreased takeoff distanceC. increased climb performance immediately after takeoffA X37.．Deference is one of the "hazardous thoughts" which affect human behavior and decision making. It refer toA.the tendency to resist authority and object to regulationB.the tendency to believe that "it can not happen to me"C.the tendency to blame another person or circumstance for whatever goes wrongC X38. The kinds of operation that a certificate holder is authorized to conduct are specified in theA.certificate holder's operations specifications.B.application submitted for an Air Carrier or Operating Certificate, by the applicant.C.Air Carrier Certificate or Operating Certificate.A X39.．One of the effects of hypoxia is a degradation of night vision. This effect begins at aboutA.5000 feetB.10000 feetC.8000 feetA X40.If an aircraft level turns at an angle of bank of 30 degree , the load factor isA.1Gs.B.2Gs.C.1.4GsC X41.. For an airport with only one set of VOR approach, if the applicable instrument visibility minimum is 2,000 meters, it may be listed as an alternate airport only when the visibility is forecast to be at leastA.3000m.B.3,600m.C.2,800m.B X42. During a supplemental air carrier flight, who is responsible for obtaining information on meteorological conditions?A.Aircraft dispatcher.B.Pilot in command.C.Director of operations or flight follower.B X43. A dispatch release for a flag or domestic air carrier must contain or have attached to itA.minimum fuel supply and weather information for the complete flight.B.trip number and weight and balance data.C.weather information for the complete flight and a crew list.A X44.. When the tower controller instructs the taxiway to the aircraft during landing taxi, which taxi way can an aircraft use?A. exit the runway at the nearest suitable taxiway without delay.B. exit the runway at the taxiway given by the tower controller.C. exit the runway at the suitable taxiway on the pilot's determination.B X45.An air carrier may schedule a pilot, on a four-pilot crew (including a second-in-commander pilot), for flight deck duty during any 24 consecutive-hour period for not more thanA.17 hoursB.24 hoursC.25 hoursA X46.. (Refer to Figure 7) Flying from Kunming to Chengdu, which weather system we would encounterA. A worm front and mountain wavesB. A cold front and moderate icingC. A stationary front and a upper jetC X47..Which are the only cloud types forecast in the Terminal Aerodrome ForecastA. AltocumulusB. CumulonimbusC. StratocumulusB X48.. [Refer to Figure 4-41.] What is the approximate landing weight for Operating Conditions below? WEIGHT (START TO ALT): 77,000,DISTANCE (NM): 70,WIND COMPONENT: 25TW,HOLDING TIME A T ALT (MIN):15A.74,000 pounds.B.74,180 pounds.C.73,400 pounds.A X49. Which information must be contained in, or attached to, the dispatch release for a flag air carrier flight?A.Type of operation (e.g., IFR, VFR), trip number.B. Total fuel supply and minimum fuel required on board the airplane.C.Passenger manifest, company organization name, and cargo weight.A X50.. [Refer to Figure 4-26.] How many feet will remain after landing on a 7,000-foot wet runway with reversers inoperative at 110,000 pounds gross weight?A.4,000 feet.B.4,300 feet.C.4,500 feet.A X51.Which equipment requirement must be met by an air carrier that elects to use a dual inertial Navigation System (INS) on a proposed flight?A.The dual system must consist of two operative INS units.B.A dual VORTAC/ILS system may be substituted for an inoperative INS.C.Only one INDS is required to be operative, if a Doppler Radar is substituted for the other INS.C X52. . (Refer to Figure 6-1) When the aircraft is intercepting R-188 HUR with an intercept angle of 45o during go-around, how much is the intercept heading?A.143o.B.233o.C.53o.A X53. (Refer to Figures 2-4 and 2-5) To which aircraft position does HSI presentation "I" correspond?A.4B.12C.11C X54.. If a received ATC clearance seems to be conflict to a regulation, the pilot shouldA.Do not accept the clearance.B.Read the clearance back entirely.C.Request a clarification from the A TC immediately.C X55.Airflow separation over the wing can be delayed by using vortex generators.A.Directing high pressure air over the top of the wing or flap through slots and making the wing surface smooth.B.Directing a suction over the top of the wing or flap through slots and making the wing surface smooth.C. Making the wing surface rough and/or directing high pressure air over the top of the wing or flap through slots.C X56.. (Refer to Figure 6-3, 6-4) What distance is available for takeoff on Rwy 17 at PUDONG?A.12,093 feet.B.12,097 feet.C.13,123 feet.C X57.. At what minimum speed (rounded off) could dynamic hydroplaning occur on main tires having a pressure of 110 PSI?A.90 knots.B.95 knots.C.100 knots.B X58.. The minimum speed during takeoff, following a failure of the critical engine at VEF, at which the pilot may continue the takeoff and achieve the required height above the takeoff surface within the takeoff distance, is indicated by symbolA.V2min .B.V1.C.VLOF.B X59. How long shall a supplemental air carrier or commercial operator retain a record of the load manifest, airworthiness release, pilot route certification, flight release, and flight plan?A.1 month.B.3 months.C.12 months.B X60. A provisional airport is an airport approved by the Administrator for use by an air carrier certificate holder for the purpose ofA.obtaining provisions and fuel when unable, due to winds, to proceed direct to the regular airport.B.having the aircraft catered (foods, beverages, or supplies).C.providing service to a community when the regular airport is unavailable.C X61.. (Refer to Figure 5) Flying from Shenzhen to Zhengzhou, which weather phenomenon that may be meetA. Rain shower and thunderstormB. Rain and fogC. Strong wind and thunderstormA X62.How can an airplane produce the same lift in ground effect as when out of ground effect?A.The same angle of attack.B.A lower angle of attack.C.A higher angle of attack.B X63.Holding position signs haveA.White inscriptions on a red backgroundB.Red inscriptions on a white backgroundC.Yellow inscriptions on a red backgroundA X64.While flying IFR in controlled airspace, if one of the two VOR receivers fails, which course of action should the pilot-in-command follow?A. No call is required if one of the two VOR receivers is operating properly.B. Advise ATC immediately.C. Notify the dispatcher via company frequency.B X65.Which direction from the primary control surface does a servo tab move?A.Some direction.B.Opposite direction.C.Remains fixed for all positions.B X66. When a pilot plans a flight using NDB NA V AIDS. Which rule applies?A.The airplane must have sufficient fuel to proceed. by means of VOR NA VIDS, to a suitable airport and land.B.The pilot must be able to return to the departure airport using other navigation radios.C.The airplane must have sufficient fuel to proceed, by means of VOR NA VAIDS, to a suitable airport and complete an instrument approach by use of the remaining airplane radio system.C X67.. How does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip?A. Inward, upward, and around the wingtip.B. Counterclockwise when viewed from behind the aircraft.C. Outward, upward, and around the wingtip.C X68.. The bottom of the Class B airspace is appropriate toA.FL 6,300m.B.FL 6,000m.C.FL 600m.C X69.Which facility may be substituted for the middle marker during a Category I ILS approach?A.VOR/DME FIXB.Surveillance radarpass locatorC X70.. The adverse effects of ice, snow, or frost on aircraft performance and flight characteristics include decreased lift andA. increased thrust.B. A decreased stall speed.C. An increased stall speed.C X71.. Who is responsible for the issue of Class 2 NOTAMs?A.Domestic flight information center NOTAMs office.B.A TMB NOTAMs office.C.International NOTAMs office of CAAC flight information center.C X72.. [Refer to Figure 4-34.] What is the approximate fuel consumed when holding under Operating Conditions below? ALTITUDE: 30,000,WEIGHT (*1000): 92.5,ENGINES OPERATING: 2,HOLDING TIME (MIN): 10 A.732 pounds.B.1,023 pounds.C.1,440 pounds.A X73. What requirement must be met regarding cargo that is carried anywhere in the passenger compartment of an air carrier airplane?A. The bin in which the cargo is carried may not be installed in a position that restricts access to, or use of, any exit.B. The bin in which the cargo is carried may not be installed in a position that restricts access to, or use of, any aisle in the passenger compartment.C. The container or bin in which the cargo is carried must be made of material which is at least flash resistant.B X74.. A plane, MH 240°, receive this A TC clearance: "... HOLD WESTT OF THE ABC VORTAC ON THE TWO SEVEN ZERO RADIAL...",What is the recommended procedure to enter the holding pattern?A.Teardrop onlyB.Direct onlyC.Parallel onlyA X75.．Which of the following is the right description about feedback in the communication process?A.Feedback is the check on how successful we have been in transferring our message as ordinary intended.B.We can use feedback to put the message back into the system as a check against misunderstanding.C.A and BC X76.. To allow pilots of in-trail lighter aircraft to make flight path adjustments to avoid wake turbulence, pilots of heavy and large jet aircraft should flyA. Below the established glide path and slightly to either side of the on-course centerline.B. On the established glide path and on the approach course centerline or runway centerline extended.C. Above the established glide path and slightly downwind of the on-course centerline.B X77.What is movement of the center pressure when the wingtips of a swept wing airplane are stalled first?A.inward and aftB.inward and forwardC.outward and forwardB X78.. [Refer to Figures 4-35 and 4-36.] What are descent time and distance under Operating Conditions S-2?A.24 minutes, 109 NAM.B.25 minutes, 125 NAM.C.23 minutes, 118 NAM.C X79.. If a B-747(400) airplane is dispatched from an airport that is below landing minimums, what is the maximum distance that a departure alternate airport may be located from the departure airport?A.Not more than 2 hours at normal cruising speed with one engine inoperative.B.Not more than 2 hours at normal cruising speed with one engine operating.C.Not more than 2 hours at normal cruising speed in still air with one engine inoperative.C X80. When the pilot in command is responsible for a deviation during an emergency, the pilot should submit awritten reportA. within 10 days after the deviation.B. after returning home.C. after the flight is completed.C X81.Identify runway remaining lighting on centerline lighting systemsA.Amber lights from 3000 feet to 1,000 feet, then alternate red and white lights to the endB.Alternate red and white lights from 3,000 feet to 1,000 feet, then red lights to the endC.Alternate red and white lights from3,000 feet to the end of the runwayB X82.. Under what condition is VMC the highest?A.Gross weight is at the maximum allowable value.B.CG is at the most rearward allowable position.C.CG is at the most forward allowable position.B X83.. What phases is the Critical Flight Phases?A. climb and descent when below 3,000 meters, taxi, takeoff, and landing.B. climb and descent when below 3,000 meters.C. takeoff, and landing.A X84.which rule applies to the use of the cockpit voice recorder erasure feature?A.All recorded information may be erased, except for the last 30 minutes prior to landing.B.Any information more than 30 minutes old may be erasedC.All recorded information may be erased, unless the NTSB needs to be notified of an occurrence.B X85.A function of the Minimum Equipment List is to indicate required items whichA.Are required to operative for overwater passenger air carrier flights.B.May be inoperative for a one-time ferry flight of a large airplane to a maintenance base.C.May be inoperative prior to beginning a flight in an aircraft.C X86.The flight time limitations established for flight crewmembers includeA.only pilotsB.pilots, navigators, flight engineers and batmen, but do not include flight attendants.C.all commercial flying in any flight crewmember position.C X87.. Which operational requirement must be observed by a commercial operator when ferrying a large, three-engine, turbojet-powered airplane from one facility to another to repair an inoperative engine?A.The Airplane Flight Manual must include procedures and performance data which allow for the safe operation of such a flight.B.The existing and forecast weather for departure, en route, and approach must be VFR.C.Some passengers may be carried.A X88.. What is the time limitation for filing flight application?A.At least before 1500 Beijing Time prior to the departure date.B.At least before 1700 Beijing Time prior to the departure date.C.At least before 1200 Beijing Time prior to the departure date.A X89.. Which condition reduces the required runway for takeoff?A.Higher-than-recommended airspeed before rotation.B.Lower-than-standard air density.C.Increased headwind component.C X90.．The time of useful consciousness (TUC) is the maximum time that pilot has to make a rational, lifesaving decision and carry it out followingA.(续正文，a lack of oxygen at a given altitude. The statement is )rightB.wrongA X91.If no corrective action is taken by the pilot as angle of bank is increased, how is the vertical component of lift and sink rate affected?A.Lift increases and the sink rate increasesB.Lift decreases and the sink rate decreasesC.Lift decreases and the sink rate increasesC X92.Without Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) capability, the accuracy of the GPS derivedA. Altitude information should not be relied upon to determine aircraft altitude.B. Position is not affectedC. Velocity information should be relied upon to determine aircraft groundspeedA X93.. A plane, MH 300°, receive this A TC clearance: "... HOLD WEST OF THE ABC VORTAC ON THE TWO SEVEN ZERO RADIAL...",What is the recommended procedure to enter the holding pattern?A.Teardrop onlyB.Direct onlyC.Parallel onlyC X94.. (according to figure 2)An airplane is estimated to arrive at ZUUU at 1000Z, and the weather then is ____.A. Light fog, visibility 4 km.B. Southwest wind at 6 m/sec, light rain shower, visibility 4 kmC. Southeast wind at 24 m/sec, heavy rain, visibility 4000 mB X95.．If the authority gradient is too steep,A.the first officer may be unlikely to contribute anything to the decision making process—even when he is sure that the captain has made a mistake!B.The first officer respects the captain's command status but feels free to contribute.C.the first officer may be likely to contribute anything to the decision making processA X96.. (Refer to Figure 6-2) The highest terrain shown in the plan view section of the ILS/DME Rwy 36L approach chart isA.1,496 feet.B.1,244 feet.C.900 feet.B X97. (Refer to Figures 1-4) The PIC on TNA 90 (CA T C aircraft operated under CCAR Part 121) has not flown 100 hours as PIC in the MD90. What are the minimums while flying the ILS RWY 36R to land at ZBAA?A.DH20',VIS800m.B.DH200',RVR550m.C.DH300',VIS1600m.C X98.. Which points should be report to A TC without request?A. when leaving the final approach fix outbound.B. when leaving an assigned holding fix.C. when leaving the final approach fix outbound, or when leaving an assigned holding fix.C X99.. Which maximum range factor increases as weight decreases?A.Angle of attack.B.Altitude.C.Airspeed.B X100.. Which of the following weather phenomenon symbols that thunderstorm is at its mature phase?A. The appearance of disordered low cloudsB. The appearance of anvil clouds topC. It begins to rain on the groundC X。
飞行员ICAO考试完整试题
Part I ListeningSection IDirections: In this part you will hear ten ATC clearances\instructions or statements, each ATC clearances\instructions or statements will be spoken only once. A question will be asked after each ATC clearances\instructions or statements, there are four answers marked a,b,c,and d, choose the most appropriate answer from the four choices according to what you have heard .1.G-CD, one aircraft on runway vacating. Land at your discretion, surface wind 260, 6 kts. Question: what should the pilot do?nd normally.b.Hold until the aircraft has vacated the runway.c.He can not land due wind.d.Fly to the alternate.Correct answer: a2.Air China 162, hold position, your departure is delayed due to a bird flock upwind of your departurerunway.Question: What is the reason for the pilot to be instructed to hold?a.Traffic on the departure runway.b.Bird strike occurred.c.Birds over the taxiway.d.Bird strike danger.Correct answer: d3.KAL 436, an airbus 340 11 o’clock position, moving left to right, 2 and half a mile ahead, reporttraffic in sight.Question: Where is the other plane?a.11 o’clock, left to right, 2 and half a mileb.11 o’clock, right to left, 2 and half a milec.7 o’clock right to left, 2 and half a miled.7 o’clock left to right, 2 and half a milecorrect answer: a4.Cathy pacific 401, Hong Kong departure, cancel SID turn right heading 230 to intercept CH190radial.Question: Why is the pilot instructed to turn right and intercept CH190 radial?a.SID is cancelledb.STAR is cancelledc.To intercept to a new heading 230d.To intercept to a new heading 320.Correct answer: a5.Fastair 350, turn right heading 190 base leg, no A TC speed restriction.Question:What speed instruction should the pilot to follow?a.350 ktsb.190 ktsc.at the pilot’s own discretiond.follow ATC instructioncorrect answer: c6.KLM 345, braking action medium, heavy rain, time of measurement 0830.Question: What makes the runway surface less favorable?a.rainingb.snowingc.iced.sandcorrect answer: a7.JAL 706, displaced threshold runway 27 500 feet due broken surface.Question: What happens?a.runway unavailable due broken surfaceb.runway partially unavailable due broken surfacec.The broken surface does not affect the runway.d.The landing length will be lengthened.Correct answer; b8.GC 136 TB200, from mike kilo to zulu golf, VFR 2500 feet regional QNH 1011, estimating zoneboundary 52, zulu golf 02, information Kilo.Question: What is the ETA to zone boundary?a.1000b.1011c.1052d.1102correct answer: c9.Southern 445, yaw damper inoperative. Are we likely to run into turbulence on our route? That mightmake us tough to fly.Question: What will the malfunction lead to?a.running into turbulenceb.run to the wrong routec.difficulty to controld.other problemscorrect answer: c10.Panpan, panpan, panpan, Beijing approach, Russian air 151, heading 190, above cloud, unsure ofmy position, request heading to Beijing.Question:What do you learn from this statement?a.The pilot is unsure of the weatherb.The pilot is unsure of the present headingc.The pilot is unsure of the heading to the airportd.The pilot is unsure of the approach procedureCorrect answer: cSection IIDirections:In this part you will hear five RTF exchanges between pilots and air traffic controllers, eachexchange will be spoken only once. A question will be asked after each exchange, there are four answers marked a,b,c,and d, choose the most appropriate answer from the four choices according to what you have heard .1.C: Southwest 459, ground, is it possible to delay your departure time to 54?P: 459, negative. Cannot depart before 05 due de-icing procedures?C: Roger, 459, call me when ready to startup.Question:Why the crew can not depart as the controller instructed?a.departure delayb.deicing procedurec.startup delayd.not ready to start upcorrect answer: b2.C: Southern 344, approved to taxi via taxi way b to holding point runway 36 left.P: Taxiway b, 36 left, roger. Southern 344.P: Ground, southern 344, request return to the apron due to malfunction indication of hydraulic system. Present position, interception of taxiway b and c.C: 344, hold your position.Question: Why does the pilot want to go back to the apron?a.Because there is a malfunction of instruments.b.Because there is some mechanical problem.c.Because taxiway b is blocked.d.Because runway 34 is not available.Correct answer: b3.C: Air China 981, a flock of birds north of runway 31near taxiway a12. hold your position. Iwill call you back.P: Holding position. Air China 981.Question: Why does the controller instruct the pilot to hold?a.Due to danger of bird strike.b.Due runway 31 blocked.c.Due to work in progress on taxiway a12.d.Due to birds flying over runway 12.Correct answer: a4.C: Southern 302, for your information, taxiway C center line lighting unserviceable.P: 302 roger.Question: What do you learn from the exchange between the pilot and the controller?a.There is a danger of lightening.b.The information broadcast is not serviceable.c.The taxiway is not available.d.The runway centerline lights are out.Correct answer: c5.P: Hong Kong delivery, China Southern 309, stand 28, we are bound for Beijing, five minutesbefore start.C: China Southern 309, Hong Kong delivery, I have not got your flight plan. Standby, while I check.P: Delivery, 309, as far as we are concerned, it was filed an hour ago.C: 309, the computer has failed to produce a strip for you, call you back.Question: What is wrong?a.The pilot is asked to standby due to delay of startup.b.The crew has not sent the flight plan.c.Something wrong with the computer.d.Five minutes are not enough for the controller.Answer: cSection IIIDirections: In this section you will hear two passages. each passage will be spoken only once. After each passage five questions will be asked, for each question there are four answers marked a,b,c,and d, choose the most appropriate answer from the four choices according to what you have heard .Passage IClimb performance is important from both economic and flight safety points of view. In a climb the potential energy of the aircraft is increased and fuel energy must be expended to achieve this. The fuel required to climb to a given height can be minimized by the used of the correct climb technique and optimum economy of operation can be attained. Economy, however, is not the only criterion of operation. The safety of the aircraft depends on its ability to climb above obstructions at all points on the flight path. Sufficient excess thrust must be available to ensure that the aircraft can meet certain minimum gradients of climb in any of the safety critical segments of the flights.Following questions are based on the passage you have just heard.1.Why is climb performance important?a.Due to economic factor.b.Due to safety factor.c.Considering both economic and safety factors.d.Due to the need of fuel saving.Answer: c2.According to the passage, what is the use of the correct climb technique?a.To reach to a given height quickly.b.To use least fuel.c.To achieve the ability to climb above obstructions.d.To ensure safety.Answer: b3.Why is sufficient excess thrust necessary?a.Because safety can be ensured.b.Because of the economic purpose.c.To climb as fast as possible.d.To save as much fuel as possible.Answer; a4.According to the passage, what is the other criterion of operation?a.Fuel saving.b.Time saving.c.Ability of clearing obstructions.d.Safety ensuring.Answer: d5.What do you think is the best title for the passage you have just heard?a.The economic factors of climb performanceb.How to climb safelyc.Minimizing the fuel required in climbingd.Factors considered in climb performanceAnswer: dPassage IIMany air carrier aircraft have a flight engineer as a required flight crewmember. The aircraft ‘type certificate’ shows whether or not a flight engineer is needed. On each flight that requires a flight engineer, at least one flight crewmember, besides the flight engineer, must be qualified to provide emergency performance of the flight engineer’s functions for the safe completion of the flight if the flight engineer becomes ill or is otherwise incapacitated. A pilot need not hold a flight engineer’s certificate to perform the flight eng ineer functions in such a situation.The following questions are based on the passage you have just heard.1.What kinds of aircrafts require a flight engineer on board?a.It depends on the type of the aircraft.b.It depends on the certificate of the aircraft type.c.The captain decides it.d.The company decides it.Answer: b2.Who is qualified to perform the flight engineer’s function in emergency?a.All the crewmembers including the flight engineer.b.No one except the flight engineer.c.The first officer of the flightd.At least one member other than the flight engineer.Answer: d3.What if the flight engineer has a heart attack during a flight?a.Anyone of the crewmembers who is qualified.b.One of the crewmembers designated by type certificate.c.One of the crewmembers designated by the captain.d.One of the crewmembers designated by the company.Answer: a4.What does a pilot need to perform the function of the flight engineer?a.He needs a flight engineer’s certificate.b.He doesn’t need a flight engineer’s certificate.c.He must be authorized by the company with a written form.d.He may be authorized by the company orally.Answer: b5.what do you think is the most suitable title for this passage?a.Flight engineer requirementsb.How can a pilot become a flight engineerc.Qualification of a pilot to perform as a flight engineerd.Flight function in emergency situationAnswer: aSection IVDirections: In this section there are some ATC clearances\instructions or pilot’s reports\requests. These above words are spoken only once. In each spoken part some words are missing. Listen carefully and fill the blanks with what you have just heard.1.GRTWS you have a heavy__________ ahead, and he's about twenty knots slower, that's due to thewinds. I've got to need you to slow twenty knots ___________.2.Abbair zero five two heavy, you are one five miles from the outer marker, maintain ___________until established on the localizer, cleared ILS __________3.Ameri five eight zero, ah, I'm going to bring you about fifteen miles ____, and then turn you backonto the approach, is that fine with you and your ______l?4.GCS the Boeing collided with a television antenna on top of Mount while approaching runway 30.The ____________ separated and the aircraft crashed at _____________.5.Air France 140 there is aircraft ten minutes ago loss of engine thrust during takeoff due to________ of birds resulting in loss of control. The _________ are extensive about1.GRTWS you have a heavy jet seven miles ahead, and he's about twenty knots slower, that's due tothe winds. I've got to need you to slow twenty knots in three or four miles.2.Abbair zero five two heavy, you are one five miles from the outer marker, maintain two thousanduntil established on the localizer, cleared ILS 23 left3.American five eight zero, ah, I'm going to bring you about fifteen miles northeast, and then turnyou back onto the approach, is that fine with you and your fuel?4.GCS the Boeing collided with a television antenna on top of Mount while approaching runway 30.The left wing separated and the aircraft crashed at 3400 feet.5.Air France 140 there is aircraft ten minutes ago loss of engine thrust during takeoff due to ingestionof birds resulting in loss of control. The bird activities are extensive about.Section VDirections: In this section there is an exchange between pilots and controllers, the exchange will be spokenDirections: In this part, you are a pilot. Your aircraft callsign is ABCDE. Your flight is from Bluenard to Greenard , alternate is Blackyard. Complete your communication with ATC according to the controllers instructions and the prompt. Your voice will be recorded when you see a microphone on the screen.1. Pre-flight 14(You are at Gate F52, you are bound for Greenard, all flights have been delayed due to weather, you will be ready soon, ask Blueyard Ground what about the delays. )P: Blueyard Ground ABCDE we are bound for Greenard, we’ll be ready soon, what are the delays like?C: A DE Blueyard Ground delays are minimal on your route. There’s likely to be a delay of ten or twenty minutes for you.(You want to change route through COL to save delay.)P: Blueyard Ground A DE Can we change route through COL, it’ll save us a delay.C: Negative ADE you have to be subject to regulation. standby, I’ll call you back.P: Roger, standing by ADE.(You want to check your time, call Ground)P: Blueyard Ground A DE request time check.C: A DE Blueyard Ground time is 1247 and a half.P: 1247 and a half A DE.(Call Ground , you want to start-up.)P: Blueyard Ground ADE Gate F52, information K request start-up for Greenard.C: ADE Blueyard Ground departure time 55, start up at your discretion.P: departure time 55, start up at own discretion ADE.(you want push back)P: Blueyard Ground A DE request push back from F52C: A DE Blueyard Ground hold position . There is a light aircraft passing behind you.P: holding position, ADE.C: ADE Blueyard Ground pushback approved. Caution, there seems to be a bus behind you.P: Pushing back, ABCDE.(You complete pushback and ready to taxi)P: Ground ADE pushback complete, request taxi.C: ADE give way to a 737 crossing you from right to left, you are No. 2 to him.P: No.2, behind 737 ADE.(you are not so familiar with the airport, request detailled taxi instruction.)P: Ground ABCDE request taxi instruction.C: ADE taxi via taxiways E, D to holding point r/w 26L.P: taxiways E, D to holding point r/w 26L ADE.B. Departure 8(call tower you are ready for departure)P: Blueyard Tower ABCDE ready for departureC: ABCDE cleared for take off wind 310/8P: cleared for take off ABCDEC: A DE contact departure 120.5P: 120.5 A DE(contact departure)P: Blueyard Departure ABCDEC: A DE cancel SID turn left to intercept DR 300 radial climb to 9000ft report reaching P: Cancel SID left turn to intercept DR 300 radial climb to 9000ft wlico A DEC: ADE expedite climb due trafficP: Expediting climb ADE(you are reaching 9000ft)P: Blueyard Departure A DE reaching 9000ftC: A DE maintain 9000ft until further advisedP: Maintaining 9000ft ADEC. En route 5(contact Blueyard control)P: Blueyard control ABCDE good morningC: ABCDE Blueyard Control go ahead(report you are over DOK at 30 FL 230 Estimating TUF 45)P: Blueyard Control ABCDE over DOK at 30 FL 230 Estimating TUF 45C: ADE maintain FL230 until boundary.P: Maintaining FL230 ADE(you want higher level)P: A DE Blueyard Control request higher levelC: ADE negative for now contact Greenard Control on 132.1 for higher level.P: 132.1 for higher level ADED. Descend and approachC: ABCDE Greenard Control request flight condition.(you are very bumpy at this level, you want to have FL320)P: Greenard Control ABCDE Conditions are very bumpy at this level. Can we have FL120? C: ADE negative, there’s a traffic right with you at FL320. Can you accept FL300?(You can.)P: Affirm, ADE.(you are descending, received information L, contact Greenard Approach )P: Greenard Approach, ABCDE, descending, information L received.C: A DE Greenard Approach, descend to 8000ft, Squawk 3421, make your heading 085. P: descending to 8000ft, Squawking 3421, heading 085 ABCDE.(Contact Greenard Tower you are on approach for ILS r/w35R.)P: Tower ABCDE ILS approach r/w35RC: A DE continue approach report outer markerP: wilco (report outer marker) A DE(you are over outer marker)P: Tower ABCDE outer markerC: ADE cleared to land r/w35RP: cleared to land ADEE. Landing and after landing(you have just landed on r/w35R)C: ADE backtrack the r/w and vacate via t/w E2 and contact ground on 121.7P: Backtrack t/wE2 121.7 ADE(contact ground)P: Greenard Ground ABCDE good morningC: A DE good morning taxi to stand A19 via t/w F and M.P: taxiway F and M to standA19 ADEC: ADE you can not turn into taxiway G, taxiway G is closed backtrack next rightP: backtrack next right ADEC: ADE after turn right taxi straight ahead for stand A19Directions:. In this part, you are a pilot. Your aircraft callsign is ABCDE. Complete your communication with ATC according to the controllers instructions and the prompt. Your voice will be recorded when you see a microphone on the screen.Item 1(You are 50 miles East of Blueyard, at FL 250, and have a depressurization. Send a distress message to Blueyard Control)PIL: MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, Blueyard Control, ABCDE .Squaking A 7700. Position 50 miles East of Blueyard. Leaving flight level 300 due decompression.CTL: Roger, ADE, descend to flight level 100. Report reaching.PIL: (Read back) Roger ADE, Flight level 100.PIL: (Report reaching): ADE, reaching flight level 100CTL: Roger, ADE.Item 2(You are 40 miles West of Blueyard, Heading 230 at FL270. You have a bomb scare, a man on board claims that he has bomb ,call Blueyard Control in urgency and you decide to return for landing)PIL: PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN, Blueyard Control ABCDEWe are coming back to Blueyard. A man clamed to have bomb on board.Position 40 miles west of Blueyard, heading 230, flight level 270Request priority landing and emergency service.CTL: Roger, ADE, continue present heading, descend to flight level 150. Report reaching.PIL: (Read back). Descend to flight level 150, heading230, ADE.PIL: (Report reaching) ADE, reaching FL150CTL: Roger, ADE. I’ll call you backItem 3( Your no.2 engine is in failure, call Blueyard Radar in urgency)PIL: PAN, PAN, PAN, Blueyard Radar. We are in trouble. We have an failure on no.2 engineCTL: Roger, ADE, report your position.PIL (50 miles East of Blueyard, heading 200, FL 180). We are 50 miles East of Blueyard, heading 200, at flight level 180. ADECTL: Roger, ADE, are you able to maintain present altitude?PIL: (Unable, request lower) Requesting lower level, ADECTL: Roger, ADE. Turn right heading heading 230,descend to flight level 100. Advise passing 120PIL: (Read back) Right heading 230.Leaving 180 for 100. I’ll advise you passing 120.ADEPart III Oral responsesNarrationDirections: In this part, you are going to listen to two accident narratives, after each narrative three questions will be asked, make your answer be recorded when you see a microphone on the screen.Accident narrativeOn 5 JAN 1969, Arina Afgan Flight 701, a Boeing 727, was flying from Frankfurt International Airport to London-Gatwick Airport. During approach, the crew were carrying out a runway 27 approach with the autopilot coupled to the ILS, because of bad weather (freezing fog and an RVR of 100m).The 'stabilizer out of trim' warning light illuminated shortly after glide slope capture. The captain responded by disconnecting the autopilot. After passing the Outer Marker flaps were changed from 15deg to 30deg and the rate of descent increased. The aircraft descended below the glide slope until the pilot realised that the aircraft was too low (200 feet agl). A missed approach was executed, but the descent was not stopped in time to avoid a collision with trees and a house.Question 1: Please retell the accident in your own words?Question 2: what causes of the accident can you conclude from the narrative?Question 3: If you were the flying pilot, what can you do to avoid the accident?。
OS46MAX 航模发动机无人机引擎日本小川精工
(15480)(24681000)
719131002302400972200080731010007310102025425020254256007153100072403050798700405550000371521000
O.S. GENUINE PARTS & ACCESSORIESDescriptionCode No.
The specifications are subject to alteration for improvement without notice.Radial Motor Mount1/4"-28 (L) Spinner NutNeedle Valve Extension Cable SetLong Propeller Nut Set1/4"-M5 Propeller Nut Set For Truturn Spinner873S Super SilencerSilencer Extension Adaptor (Width 11.5mm)Non-Bubble WeightSuper Filter (L)M4 Blind Nut (10pcs.)M4 Lock Washer (10sets.)Long Socket Wrench With Plug Grip
S.M3X318-118-218-318-418-518-6
T.+3x10
C.M3x15C.M3x81
234
56
78911121314
10
15
161719
18678N.+M3.5x6
123
45
1-11-22-1
Cylinder HeadCylinder & Piston AssemblyPiston PinPiston Pin RetainerConnecting RodCarburetor Complete (Type 40G)Propeller NutPropeller WasherDrive HubThrust WasherCrankshaft Ball Bearing (F)CrankcaseCrankshaft Ball Bearing (R)CrankshaftGasket SetCover PlateNeedle StayNeedle Valve Unit Assembly Needle Assembly "O" Ring (2pcs.) Set Screw Ratchet Spring Needle Valve Unit Body Needle Valve Unit Retaining ScrewScrew SetGlow Plug A3E-3010 Silencer Assembly Pressure Fitting (No.7) Assembly Screw Retaining Screw (C.M3x35 2pcs.)
Maule Aerospace Technology飞机的空气适航指令安排说明书
Airworthiness Directive ScheduleAeroplanesMaule M-4, M-5, M-6, MX-7 and MXT-7 Series30 January 2014Notes 1.This AD schedule is applicable to Maule Aerospace Technology M-4-210C, M-5-180C, M-5-210C, M-5-235C, M-6-235, MX-7-180A, MX-7-180B and MXT-7-180aircraft manufactured under Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Type CertificateNo. 3A23.2. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the National Airworthiness Authority(NAA) responsible for the issue of State of Design Airworthiness Directives (ADs) forthese aircraft. State of Design ADs applicable to these aircraft can be obtaineddirectly from the FAA web site. The link to the FAA web site is available on the CAAweb site at /Airworthiness_Directives/states_of_design.html3. The date above indicates the amendment date of this schedule.4. New or amended ADs are shown with an asterisk *ContentsDCA/M-4/1A Fuel Lines - Inspection and Modification (2)DCA/M-4/2A Horizontal Tail Attachment - Inspection and Modification (2)DCA/M-4/3A Rudder Pedal Installation - Inspection and Modification (3)DCA/M-4/4Fuel Tank Drains - Modification (3)DCA/M-4/5Fuel System - Inspection (3)* DCA/M-4/6D Cancelled – FAA AD 98-15-18R1 refers (3)DCA/M-4/7A Control Cable Crimped Sleeve Terminal Ends - Inspection (3)DCA/M-4/8Rudder Trim Tab Hinges - Modification (4)DCA/M-4/9Aileron Control System Pulley – Rework (5)DCA/M-4/10Engine Fuel Lines – Inspection and Replacement (5)DCA/M-4/11Engine Air Hose - Modification (6)DCA/M-4/12Fuel Gascolator and Electric Fuel Pump - Relocation (6)DCA/M-4/13Elevator Control – Rework and MM Amendment (6)From 1 October 2012 the Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand (CAA) will no longer rewrite the text ofState of Design ADs. Applicable State of Design ADs will be listed below and can be obtained directlyfrom the National Airworthiness Authority (NAA) web site. The link to the NAA web site is available onthe CAA web site at /Airworthiness_Directives/states_of_design.html If additionalNZ ADs need to be issued when an unsafe condition is found to exist in an aircraft or aeronauticalproduct in NZ they will be added to the list below (8)* 98-15-18R1Wing Lift Struts – Inspection and Replacement (8)DCA/M-4/1A Fuel Lines - Inspection and ModificationApplicability:Models M-4-210C, S/Ns 1001C through 1117CModels M-5-210C, S/Ns 6001C through 6069C, 6072C, 6076C, 6077C, 6079C,6080C, 6084C and 6087CRequirement:To prevent fuel leakage in the cabin area and allow fuel line flexibility, accomplish the following instructions per Maule Aircraft Corporation Service Letter 31:1. Turn the fuel tank selector valve to off position.2. Remove the engine fuel injector return line from the firewall to the fuel header tank.(The fuel line is located in cabin wall to left of pilot’s feet.)3. Short line inspection - Inspect the short line connected at the firewall to the checkvalve for cracking around the flares. If cracks are found, replace line with aserviceable line.4. Long line replacement - Remove existing long line and install an 8 - inch long, ¼inch diameter aluminium tube between the return check valve and the header tank,using appropriate tube and fittings. This line is to incorporate a 1.5 to 2.0 inchdiameter loop in the middle. Use caution when bending the tubing to prevent kinking.This looped tubing must be installed with the plane of the loop horizontal so that nolow undrainable spots exist.5. The check valve must be reinstalled with the arrow pointing aft.6. Functional check the return line for leaks and repair as necessary.(FAA AD 75-11-02 refers)Compliance:Within the next 50 hours TIS, unless already accomplished.Effective Date:DCA/M-4/1 - 21 May 1975DCA/M-4/1A - 22 February 2007DCA/M-4/2A Horizontal Tail Attachment - Inspection and ModificationApplicability:Model M-4-210C aircraft, S/Ns 1001C to 1117CModel M-5-180C aircraft, S/Ns 8001C to 8004CModel M-5-210C aircraft, S/Ns 6001C to 6206CModel M-5-235C aircraft, S/Ns 7001C to 7283CRequirement:Inspect per Parts (1) and (5) of Maule Aircraft Corporation Service Bulletin No 1.Defective parts are to be repaired or renewed, before further flight.Modify per Parts (3) and (4) of Maule SB No 1.(FAA AD 79-12-01 refers)Compliance:Within the next 50 hours TIS or by 22 March 2007 whichever is the sooner, unless already accomplished.Effective Date:DCA/M-4/2 - 20 December 1979DCA/M-4/2A - 22 February 2007DCA/M-4/3A Rudder Pedal Installation - Inspection and ModificationApplicability:Model M-4-210C aircraft, S/N 1001C through 1117CModel M-5-180C aircraft, S/N 8001CModel M-5-210C aircraft, S/N 6001C through 6204CModel M-5-235C aircraft, S/N 7001C through 7254CRequirement:Inspect and modify rudder pedal installation per FAA AD 81-14-02. Repair or renew cracked components before further flight. Maule SB 2 refers.(FAA AD 81-14-02 refers)Compliance:Within the next 50 hours TIS, unless already accomplished.Effective Date:DCA/M-4/3 - 7 August 1981DCA/M-4/3A - 22 February 2007DCA/M-4/4 Fuel Tank Drains - ModificationApplicability:All model M-4 and M-5 seriesRequirement:Modify main and auxiliary fuel tank drain valve installations per Maule SB 5 and SL 32 respectively.(FAA AD 84-09-07 refers)Compliance:Within the next 50 hours TISEffective Date:29 June 1984DCA/M-4/5 Fuel System - InspectionApplicability:Model M-5-180C aircraft, S/N 8001C through 8014C, 8016C through 8019C and 8021CModel M-5-210C aircraft, S/N 6001C through 6206CModel M-5-220C aircraft, S/N 5001C through 5057CModel M-5-235C aircraft, S/N 7001C through 7045C and 7047C through 7052C Requirement:To preclude possible fuel flow restriction in crossover supply line, inspect and rectify as necessary, per Maule SB 7.(FAA AD 86-17-11 refers)Compliance:Within the next 50 hours TISEffective Date:14 November 1986* DCA/M-4/6D Cancelled – FAA AD 98-15-18R1 refersEffective Date:21 January 2014DCA/M-4/7A Control Cable Crimped Sleeve Terminal Ends - InspectionApplicability:Model M-4-210C aircraft, S/N 1001C through 1117CModel M-5-210C aircraft, S/N 6001C through 6206CModel M-5-235C aircraft, S/N 7001C through 7248C, 7250C through 7353C, A7354C,A7355C, 7356C, 7357C, A7358C, 7359C, A7360C, A7361C, 7362C through 7365C,A7366C, A7367C, 7368C through 7376C, 7445C, 7451C, 7460C, 7467C, 7470C,7478C through 7480C, 7484C through 7487C, and 7515CModel M-5-180C aircraft, S/N 8001C through 8014C, 8016C through 8019C, 8021C,8023C through 8042C, 8044C through 8064C, and 8068C through 8094C.Model M-6-235 aircraft, S/N 7249C, 7356C, 7379C through 7444C, 7446C through7450C, 7452C through 7459C, 7461C through 7466C, 7468C, 7469C, 7471C through7475C, 7488C through 7507C, 7509C, 7511C through 7514C, and 7517CModel MX-7-180A aircraft, S/N 20001C through 20063CModel MX-7-180B aircraft, S/N 22001C through 22016CModel MXT-7-180 aircraft, S/N 14000C through 14095CRequirement:To detect and correct improper crimping of the Nicopress sleeve, which could cause a control cable to slip from the sleeve and result in loss of rudder, elevator, aileron, orflap control, accomplish the following:-1. Inspect all Nicopress sleeve terminal ends for correct size compression per MauleMSB 20. Adjust or replace any terminal compressions that are outside of the limitsspecified in the MSB prior to further flight.2. Do not install a Nicopress sleeve without assuring that the terminal compressionsare within the limits specified in MSB 20.(FAA AD 2000-09-06 refers)Compliance: 1. Within the next 100 hours TIS unless already accomplished.2. From 22 February 2007.Effective Date:DCA/M-4/7 - 25 May 2000DCA/M-4/7A - 22 February 2007DCA/M-4/8 Rudder Trim Tab Hinges - ModificationApplicability Model M-4 aircraft, S/Ns 3 thru 94Model M- 4C aircraft, S/Ns 1C thru 10CModel M-4S aircraft, S/Ns 1S thru 3SModels M-4T aircraft, S/Ns 1T thru 3TModel M-4-210 aircraft, S/Ns 1001 thru 1045Model M-4-210C aircraft, S/Ns 1001C thru 1064CModel M-4-220S aircraft, S/Ns 2001S thru 2003SModel M-4-220C aircraft, S/Ns 2001C thru 2006C.Requirement:To prevent loss of rudder trim tab control due to the possibility of the hinges corroding and seizing, modify the rudder trim tab hinges per the instructions in Maule AircraftCorporation Service Letter Number 14, dated February 19, 1968, or per anmanufacturer approved modification.(FAA AD 68-07-08 refers)Compliance:Within the next 50 hours TIS, unless already accomplished.Effective Date:22 February 2007DCA/M-4/9 Aileron Control System Pulley – ReworkApplicability Model M-4 aircraft, S/Ns 3 through 94Model M-4T aircraft S/Ns 1T through 3TModel M-4C aircraft S/Ns 1C through 11CModel M-4S aircraft S/Ns 1S through 3SModel M-4-210 aircraft S/Ns 1001 through 1045Model M-4-210C aircraft, S/Ns 1001C through 1075C, 1079C and 1080CModel M-4-220C aircraft, S/Ns 2001C through 2029C and 2032C.Requirement:To prevent the aileron pulley assembly fitted at the bottom of the control column separating from its bearing, accomplish the following instructions per Maule ServiceLetter No. 19, dated September 4, 1969.Remove the aileron control pulley to control column attachment bolt. Re-assemble theaileron control pulley assembly with the addition of washers P/Ns AN 970-5 and AN960-516, and bolt P/N AN 5-27 instead of the original bolt in the following order fromfront to rear:i. AN 5-27 bolt, head forward.ii. AN 970-5 washer.iii. AN 960-516 washer.iv. Original pulley.v. Control column.vi. AN 960-516 washer.vii. AN 365-524 nut(FAA AD 69-20-02 refers)Compliance:Within the next 50 hours TIS, unless already accomplished.Effective Date:22 February 2007DCA/M-4/10 Engine Fuel Lines – Inspection and ReplacementApplicability:Model M-5- 210C aircraft, S/N 6190C through 6204CModel M-5-235C aircraft, S/N 7061C through 7160C, 7163C through 7167C, 7169Cthrough 7192C, 7194C and 7197C.Requirement:To prevent restriction of fuel flow to the engine, due to the possibility of the ends of the fuel lines being crushed by the hose attachment clamps, accomplish the followinginstructions per Maule Service Letter 39:Remove the wing root fairings on both sides to gain access to both main tank outlets(two outlets per tank).If the fuel line tube clamps do not have hexagonal heads, no further action is required.If the fuel line tube clamps have hexagonal heads, drain the fuel tanks and loosen theclamp(s). Pull the fuel hoses off the fuel lines and the tank outlets and inspect thelines for deformation.If any fuel lines are deformed, replace as required per the instructions in SL 39, beforefurther flight.(FAA AD 78-13-08 refers)Compliance:Within the next 50 hours TIS, unless already accomplished.Effective Date:22 February 2007DCA/M-4/11 Engine Air Hose - ModificationApplicability:Model M-5-235C aircraft, S/Ns 7322C, 7350C, A7354C, A7355C, A7358C, A7360C, A7361C, 7364C, 7365C, A7366C and A7367CModel M-6-235 aircraft, S/Ns 7356C, 7379C, 7380C, 7382C through 7388C and7390C.Requirement:To prevent engine failure, install a drain tube P/N 5393A and two hose clamps P/N 10047A-32 to the engine air hose, per the instructions in Maule Service Bulletin No. 3,dated November 6, 1981.(FAA AD 82-03-05 refers)Compliance:Within the next 50 hours TIS, unless already accomplished.Effective Date:22 February 2007DCA/M-4/12 Fuel Gascolator and Electric Fuel Pump - RelocationApplicability:Model M-4-210 aircraft, S/N 1001 through 1045Model M-4-210C aircraft, S/N 1001C through 1080CRequirement:To prevent an engine fire due the fuel gascolator and electric fuel pump being located too close to the dual exhaust system, relocate the gascolator and fuel pump to theleft-side of the aircraft, per the instructions in Maule Service Bulletin No. 10, datedSeptember 16, 1994.(FAA AD 96-10-05 refers)Compliance:Within the next 50 hours TIS, unless already accomplished.Effective Date:22 February 2007DCA/M-4/13 Elevator Control – Rework and MM AmendmentApplicability:Model M-4-210C aircraft, all S/NModel M-5-180C aircraft, all S/NModel M-5-210C aircraft, all S/NModel M-5-235C aircraft, all S/NModel M-6-235 aircraft, S/N 7249C, 7356C, 7379C through 7444C, 7446C through7450C, 7452C through 7459C, 7461C through 7466C, 7468C, 7469C, 7471C through7475C, 7488C through 7514C, 7516C through 7522CModel MX-7-180A aircraft, S/N 20001C through 20064CModel MX-7-180B aircraft, S/N 22001C through 22025C, 22027CModel MXT-7-180 aircraft, S/N 14000C through 14125CRequirement:To prevent opposite elevator movement due to possible reversed elevator control rigging which could result in loss of aircraft control, accomplish the following:1. With yellow enamel paint colour code the top of the rear elevator control horn,the elevator control cable end (which is attached to the top of the rear control horn),the bottom of the forward elevator control horn and the elevator control cable end(which is attached to the bottom of the forward control horn), per Maule AerospaceTechnology, Inc. MSB No. 30, dated 4 March 2008.2. Insert the following text into the rigging procedure section of the aircraftmaintenance manual:“CAUTION – BEFORE FURTHER FLIGHT WHENEVER ELEVATOR CABLES ARERECONNECTED OR NEW CABLES FITTED: Always inspect elevator operation bymoving the control backwards and confirming that the elevator is in the UP position.” Note: Requirement 2 of this AD may be accomplished by inserting a copy of this AD or the text on the bottom of page 3 of MSB No. 30 into the rigging procedure section ofaircraft maintenance manual.(FAA AD 2008-24-02 refers)Compliance: 1. By 30 December 2009 or the next time the elevator control cable is disconnected for any reason, whichever occurs sooner.2. By 30 December 2009 or the next time the elevator control cable is disconnectedfor any reason, whichever occurs sooner.Effective Date:30 December 2008From 1 October 2012 the Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand (CAA) will no longer rewrite the text of State of Design ADs. Applicable State of Design ADs will be listed below and can be obtained directly from the National Airworthiness Authority (NAA) web site. The link to the NAA web site is available on the CAA web site at/Airworthiness_Directives/states_of_design.htmlIf additional NZ ADs need to be issued when an unsafe condition is found to exist in an aircraft or aeronautical product in NZ they will be added to the list below.* 98-15-18R1Wing Lift Struts – Inspection and ReplacementNote: FAA AD 98-15-18R1 supersedes DCA/M-4/6D. For aircraft already in compliance with cancelled AD DCA/M-4/6D, compliance with FAA AD 98-15-18R1 is required at thenext inspection required by the cancelled AD.An inspection method accomplished in accordance with RadiographicTechnique 57-20-01 Rev 1may be used as an alternate to the two inspectionmethods defined in paragraph (i)(1) and (i)(2) of FAA AD 98-15-18R1. If theradiographic technique is used, inspect at intervals not to exceed 4 years.Effective Date:21 January 2014。
高超声速飞行器二元进气道试验和计算
高超声速飞行器二元进气道试验和计算焦子涵;邓帆;袁武;王雪英;陈林;董昊【摘要】The performances of a two⁃dimensional inlet with hypersonic cruise vehicles configuration were investigated by wind tunnel experiments and CFD simulations in this article. A hypersonic cruise vehicle integrated aerodynamics and propulsion was de⁃signed. CFD simulations and two wind tunnel tests were carried out in two different wind tunnels to examine the hypersonic perform⁃ances of the inlet. Though analyzing the results of the first wind tunnel experiment, an improved test scheme was carried out. The pressure measuring experiments results show that:The inlet was able to start under free stream mach number from 5.0 to 6.0 atin⁃terval of 1.0 , even considering the yaw angle of 4°. The total pressure recovery coefficient and mass flow ratio of the inlet satisfied the requirements of design through analyzing the monitoring results. The total pressure recovery coefficient of the inlet decreased as the mach number of flow increased, mass flow ratio increased linearly as the angle of attack increased; the total pressure recovery coefficient and the mass flow ratio of experiment agreed well with the CFD results, even the angle of attack is more than 4°. There were differences of the changing trend of total pressure recovery coefficient and mass flow ratio between the two experiment results when the angle of attack is more than 4° because of the differences of the two test scheme, the problem of departure from the regular changing trend was solved after improving the test scheme.%设计了一种吸气式面对称高超声速飞行器，针对进气道性能，分别在两座风洞开展通流试验研究。